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Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering (ASCE) |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierKarl Terzaghi / Jonathan Fannin in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 267–276
Titre : Karl Terzaghi : from theory to practice in geotechnical filter design Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jonathan Fannin, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 267–276 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Sand Gravel Filters Pipes Design Résumé : In a period of just over 10 years, Karl Terzaghi proved the idea of a weighted filter in simple laboratory tests while on faculty at the American Robert College in Turkey, patented the concept, developed empirical rules for the grain size distribution of filter through specialist consulting advice on relatively small weirs in Europe, and firmly established those rules as a basis for engineering practice on the Bou-Hanifia Dam in North Africa. The Terzaghi filter criteria are commonly attributed to experience gained on that latter project. However, an evaluation of unpublished letter reports, contract documents, and correspondence suggests the evolution of those criteria for soil retention and permeability occurred during his earlier collaboration with the Austrian consulting company of J. Pfletschinger & Co. This new insight appears to be confirmed by the uncovering of a draft patent claim, prepared in the name of Josef Pfletschinger, which sets out the precise details of those filter criteria and whose existence was acknowledged in contract documents for Bou-Hanifia. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2826 [...] [article] Karl Terzaghi : from theory to practice in geotechnical filter design [texte imprimé] / Jonathan Fannin, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 267–276.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 267–276
Mots-clés : Sand Gravel Filters Pipes Design Résumé : In a period of just over 10 years, Karl Terzaghi proved the idea of a weighted filter in simple laboratory tests while on faculty at the American Robert College in Turkey, patented the concept, developed empirical rules for the grain size distribution of filter through specialist consulting advice on relatively small weirs in Europe, and firmly established those rules as a basis for engineering practice on the Bou-Hanifia Dam in North Africa. The Terzaghi filter criteria are commonly attributed to experience gained on that latter project. However, an evaluation of unpublished letter reports, contract documents, and correspondence suggests the evolution of those criteria for soil retention and permeability occurred during his earlier collaboration with the Austrian consulting company of J. Pfletschinger & Co. This new insight appears to be confirmed by the uncovering of a draft patent claim, prepared in the name of Josef Pfletschinger, which sets out the precise details of those filter criteria and whose existence was acknowledged in contract documents for Bou-Hanifia. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2826 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 277–288
Titre : Loose fill slope stabilization with soil nails : full-scale test Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Li, Auteur ; L. G. Tham, Auteur ; S. M. Junaideen, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 277–288 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Field tests Slope stability Fills Rainfall Résumé : Soil nailing is commonly used for stabilizing cut slopes and retaining structures. The technique is, however, seldom used in stabilizing old loose fill slopes that were not constructed to the current standards. There is a concern that soil-nailed loose fill slopes may not render safety during heavy rainstorms. Little work has been carried out to investigate the behavior of soil-nailed loose fill slopes. This paper presents a comprehensive field test on a loose fill slope that was constructed by end tipping without any compaction—in the same way old fill slopes were formed. The slope was 4.75m high, 9m wide, and 33deg to the horizontal. Two rows of five grouted nails were installed at a grid of 1.5m×1.5m at an inclination of 20deg from the horizontal. A surface grillage was used to connect the six nails in the middle of the grid. Performance of the nailed slope was monitored with various instruments for about six months until the slope was tested to fail by surcharging and wetting. The overall results show that soil nailing with a surface grillage is a potentially effective way to enhance the stability of old fill slopes. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2827 [...] [article] Loose fill slope stabilization with soil nails : full-scale test [texte imprimé] / J. Li, Auteur ; L. G. Tham, Auteur ; S. M. Junaideen, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 277–288.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 277–288
Mots-clés : Field tests Slope stability Fills Rainfall Résumé : Soil nailing is commonly used for stabilizing cut slopes and retaining structures. The technique is, however, seldom used in stabilizing old loose fill slopes that were not constructed to the current standards. There is a concern that soil-nailed loose fill slopes may not render safety during heavy rainstorms. Little work has been carried out to investigate the behavior of soil-nailed loose fill slopes. This paper presents a comprehensive field test on a loose fill slope that was constructed by end tipping without any compaction—in the same way old fill slopes were formed. The slope was 4.75m high, 9m wide, and 33deg to the horizontal. Two rows of five grouted nails were installed at a grid of 1.5m×1.5m at an inclination of 20deg from the horizontal. A surface grillage was used to connect the six nails in the middle of the grid. Performance of the nailed slope was monitored with various instruments for about six months until the slope was tested to fail by surcharging and wetting. The overall results show that soil nailing with a surface grillage is a potentially effective way to enhance the stability of old fill slopes. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2827 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 289–301
Titre : Rapid construction and settlement behavior of embankment systems on soft foundation soils Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. B. Farnsworth, Auteur ; S. F. Bartlett, Auteur ; D. Negussey, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 289–301 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Embankments Foundation settlement Soft soils Soil stabilization Instrumentation Highway construction Résumé : The I-15 Reconstruction Project in Salt Lake City, Utah required rapid embankment construction in an urban environment atop soft lacustrine soils. These soils are compressible, have low shear strength, and require significant time to complete primary consolidation settlement. Because of this, innovative embankment systems and foundation treatments were employed to complete construction within the approved budget and demanding schedule constraints. This paper evaluates and compares the construction time, cost, and performance of three embankment/foundation systems used on this project: (1) one-stage mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall supported by lime cement columns; (2) expanded polystyrene (geofoam) embankment with tilt-up panel fascia walls; and (3) two-stage MSE wall with prefabricated vertical drain installation and surcharging. Of the technologies evaluated, the geofoam embankment had the best performance based on settlement and rapid construction time considerations, but is more costly to construct than a two-stage MSE wall with PV drain foundation treatment. The one-stage MSE wall with lime cement treated soil was the most costly, and did not perform as well as expected; thus, it had only limited use on the project. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2828 [...] [article] Rapid construction and settlement behavior of embankment systems on soft foundation soils [texte imprimé] / C. B. Farnsworth, Auteur ; S. F. Bartlett, Auteur ; D. Negussey, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 289–301.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 289–301
Mots-clés : Embankments Foundation settlement Soft soils Soil stabilization Instrumentation Highway construction Résumé : The I-15 Reconstruction Project in Salt Lake City, Utah required rapid embankment construction in an urban environment atop soft lacustrine soils. These soils are compressible, have low shear strength, and require significant time to complete primary consolidation settlement. Because of this, innovative embankment systems and foundation treatments were employed to complete construction within the approved budget and demanding schedule constraints. This paper evaluates and compares the construction time, cost, and performance of three embankment/foundation systems used on this project: (1) one-stage mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall supported by lime cement columns; (2) expanded polystyrene (geofoam) embankment with tilt-up panel fascia walls; and (3) two-stage MSE wall with prefabricated vertical drain installation and surcharging. Of the technologies evaluated, the geofoam embankment had the best performance based on settlement and rapid construction time considerations, but is more costly to construct than a two-stage MSE wall with PV drain foundation treatment. The one-stage MSE wall with lime cement treated soil was the most costly, and did not perform as well as expected; thus, it had only limited use on the project. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2828 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 302–315
Titre : Laboratory investigation on reactivated residual strength Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Paolo Carrubba, Auteur ; Marco Del Fabbro, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 302–315 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Residual strength Aging Laboratory tests Résumé : Recent research has outlined that mobilized in situ strength at the reactivation of displacements along a preexisting sliding surface may be slightly greater than laboratory residual strength. Although geotechnical literature explains this difference in various ways—for instance, strength gain due to soil aging—little work has been devoted to this topic. Bromhead ring shear tests were carried out on remolded samples of the Cormons flysch, a typical geological formation in northeastern Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). The specimens came from the shallow weathered crust of the Cormons flysch, near the areas of Montona and Rosazzo. This experimental study aimed at highlighting the effect of a limited number of parameters on strength gain at the reactivation of displacements along aged sliding surfaces. The results of this research confirm that aging may cause a rising of reactivated shear strength above the residual value, depending on time of aging and vertical stress. The longest aging period—about a month—showed a 20% strength increase for the Rosazzo flysch, and a 30% increase for the Montona flysch. Reactivated strength increases according to a power law: Almost 50% develops over a short time, i.e., after 24h of aging. In the long term, strength growth is characterized by a deviatoric creep rate gradually approaching zero. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2830 [...] [article] Laboratory investigation on reactivated residual strength [texte imprimé] / Paolo Carrubba, Auteur ; Marco Del Fabbro, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 302–315.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 302–315
Mots-clés : Residual strength Aging Laboratory tests Résumé : Recent research has outlined that mobilized in situ strength at the reactivation of displacements along a preexisting sliding surface may be slightly greater than laboratory residual strength. Although geotechnical literature explains this difference in various ways—for instance, strength gain due to soil aging—little work has been devoted to this topic. Bromhead ring shear tests were carried out on remolded samples of the Cormons flysch, a typical geological formation in northeastern Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). The specimens came from the shallow weathered crust of the Cormons flysch, near the areas of Montona and Rosazzo. This experimental study aimed at highlighting the effect of a limited number of parameters on strength gain at the reactivation of displacements along aged sliding surfaces. The results of this research confirm that aging may cause a rising of reactivated shear strength above the residual value, depending on time of aging and vertical stress. The longest aging period—about a month—showed a 20% strength increase for the Rosazzo flysch, and a 30% increase for the Montona flysch. Reactivated strength increases according to a power law: Almost 50% develops over a short time, i.e., after 24h of aging. In the long term, strength growth is characterized by a deviatoric creep rate gradually approaching zero. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2830 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 316–327
Titre : Behavior of railroad ballast under monotonic and cyclic loading Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : William F. Anderson, Auteur ; Peter Fair, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 316–327 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ballast Railroad tracks Triaxial tests Static tests Cyclic tests Volume change Résumé : A relatively new method for mechanized maintenance of railroad ballast (stoneblowing) puts a layer of single size stone between the ballast and each tie creating a two-layer gravel support. To get a better understanding of the behavior of this arrangement series of large diameter, triaxial tests have been carried out on single size and layered specimens. A new method of quantifying particle breakage during testing has been developed, and a conceptual model used to explain the combined effects of shearing and breakage on observed specimen behavior. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2831 [...] [article] Behavior of railroad ballast under monotonic and cyclic loading [texte imprimé] / William F. Anderson, Auteur ; Peter Fair, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 316–327.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 316–327
Mots-clés : Ballast Railroad tracks Triaxial tests Static tests Cyclic tests Volume change Résumé : A relatively new method for mechanized maintenance of railroad ballast (stoneblowing) puts a layer of single size stone between the ballast and each tie creating a two-layer gravel support. To get a better understanding of the behavior of this arrangement series of large diameter, triaxial tests have been carried out on single size and layered specimens. A new method of quantifying particle breakage during testing has been developed, and a conceptual model used to explain the combined effects of shearing and breakage on observed specimen behavior. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2831 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 328–340
Titre : Dynamic stiffness of foundations on inhomogeneous soils for a realistic prediction of vertical building resonance Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : L. Auersch, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 328–340 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Stiffness Foundations Predictions Resonance Vibration Résumé : The aim of this contribution is a practice-oriented prediction of environmental building vibrations. A Green’s functions method for layered soils is used to build the dynamic stiffness matrix of the soil area that is covered by the foundation. A simple building model is proposed by adding a building mass to the dynamic stiffness of the soil. The vertical soil-building transfer functions with building-soil resonances are calculated and compared with a number of measurements of technically induced vibrations of residential buildings. In a parametrical study, realistic foundation geometries are modeled and the influence of incompressible soil, deep stiff soil layering, soft top layers, and increasing soil stiffness with depth is analyzed. All these special soil models reduce the resonant frequency compared to a standard homogeneous soil. A physically motivated model of a naturally sedimented soil has a stiffness increasing with the square root of the depth and yields a foundation stiffness that decreases with foundation area considerably stronger than the relatively insensitive homogeneous soil. This soil model is suited for the Berlin measuring sites and reproduces satisfactorily the experimental results. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2832 [...] [article] Dynamic stiffness of foundations on inhomogeneous soils for a realistic prediction of vertical building resonance [texte imprimé] / L. Auersch, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 328–340.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 328–340
Mots-clés : Stiffness Foundations Predictions Resonance Vibration Résumé : The aim of this contribution is a practice-oriented prediction of environmental building vibrations. A Green’s functions method for layered soils is used to build the dynamic stiffness matrix of the soil area that is covered by the foundation. A simple building model is proposed by adding a building mass to the dynamic stiffness of the soil. The vertical soil-building transfer functions with building-soil resonances are calculated and compared with a number of measurements of technically induced vibrations of residential buildings. In a parametrical study, realistic foundation geometries are modeled and the influence of incompressible soil, deep stiff soil layering, soft top layers, and increasing soil stiffness with depth is analyzed. All these special soil models reduce the resonant frequency compared to a standard homogeneous soil. A physically motivated model of a naturally sedimented soil has a stiffness increasing with the square root of the depth and yields a foundation stiffness that decreases with foundation area considerably stronger than the relatively insensitive homogeneous soil. This soil model is suited for the Berlin measuring sites and reproduces satisfactorily the experimental results. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2832 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 341–351
Titre : Corrosion rate evaluation and prediction for piles based on long-term field performance Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jeramy B. Decker, Auteur ; Kyle M. Rollins, Auteur ; Jared C. Ellsworth, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 341–351 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Corrosion Driven piles Infrastructure Chlorides Sulfates Predictions Résumé : A study to evaluate corrosion rates was conducted using pile foundations abandoned during the reconstruction of I-15 through Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Corrosion rates were measured for 20 piles extracted from five sites after service lives of 34–38 years. Measurements were made of soil index properties, resistivity, pH, cation/anion concentrations, and water table elevation. The critical zone for corrosion was typically located within the groundwater fluctuation zone; but correlations with soil properties were generally poor. Despite low resistivity, average corrosion rates for pile caps in native soil were typically between 2 and 9μm∕year with a maximum of 19μm∕year and did not pose any structural integrity problems. Nevertheless, for abutment piles where chloride concentration was very high, the average pile corrosion rate increased to 13μm∕year within the embankment and the maximum corrosion rate was 48μm∕year in the underlying native soil. Based on data from this and previous studies, equations were developed to predict maximum corrosion loss for piles in nonaggressive soil as a function of time. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2834 [...] [article] Corrosion rate evaluation and prediction for piles based on long-term field performance [texte imprimé] / Jeramy B. Decker, Auteur ; Kyle M. Rollins, Auteur ; Jared C. Ellsworth, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 341–351.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 341–351
Mots-clés : Corrosion Driven piles Infrastructure Chlorides Sulfates Predictions Résumé : A study to evaluate corrosion rates was conducted using pile foundations abandoned during the reconstruction of I-15 through Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Corrosion rates were measured for 20 piles extracted from five sites after service lives of 34–38 years. Measurements were made of soil index properties, resistivity, pH, cation/anion concentrations, and water table elevation. The critical zone for corrosion was typically located within the groundwater fluctuation zone; but correlations with soil properties were generally poor. Despite low resistivity, average corrosion rates for pile caps in native soil were typically between 2 and 9μm∕year with a maximum of 19μm∕year and did not pose any structural integrity problems. Nevertheless, for abutment piles where chloride concentration was very high, the average pile corrosion rate increased to 13μm∕year within the embankment and the maximum corrosion rate was 48μm∕year in the underlying native soil. Based on data from this and previous studies, equations were developed to predict maximum corrosion loss for piles in nonaggressive soil as a function of time. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2834 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 352–365
Titre : Effects of electrode configuration on electrokinetic stabilization for caisson anchors in calcareous sand Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Amnart Rittirong, Auteur ; Julie Q. Shang, Auteur ; Eltayeb Mohamedelhassan, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 352–365 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Soil stabilization Caissons Anchors Cements Soil-structure interaction Pull-out resistance Résumé : The study is on the electrokinetic strengthening of caisson anchors embedded in offshore calcareous sand. The effects of electrode configuration on the effectiveness of electrokinetic treatment are investigated based on electric field analysis and are verified by results from a series of large scale laboratory tests on caisson models of 200mm diam and 400mm height, embedded in calcareous sand submerged under seawater. The electrokinetic treatment generates cementation of soil solids as well as bonding between soil and caisson shafts, which leads to increases in the side resistance and overall pullout resistance. The effectiveness of electrokinetic treatment is directly related to the electric field intensity. A linear relationship is observed between the increase in the side resistance and energy consumption. The study shows that the effectiveness of electrokinetic treatments can be maximized by the optimization of the electric field distribution through the electrode configuration. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2835 [...] [article] Effects of electrode configuration on electrokinetic stabilization for caisson anchors in calcareous sand [texte imprimé] / Amnart Rittirong, Auteur ; Julie Q. Shang, Auteur ; Eltayeb Mohamedelhassan, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 352–365.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 352–365
Mots-clés : Soil stabilization Caissons Anchors Cements Soil-structure interaction Pull-out resistance Résumé : The study is on the electrokinetic strengthening of caisson anchors embedded in offshore calcareous sand. The effects of electrode configuration on the effectiveness of electrokinetic treatment are investigated based on electric field analysis and are verified by results from a series of large scale laboratory tests on caisson models of 200mm diam and 400mm height, embedded in calcareous sand submerged under seawater. The electrokinetic treatment generates cementation of soil solids as well as bonding between soil and caisson shafts, which leads to increases in the side resistance and overall pullout resistance. The effectiveness of electrokinetic treatment is directly related to the electric field intensity. A linear relationship is observed between the increase in the side resistance and energy consumption. The study shows that the effectiveness of electrokinetic treatments can be maximized by the optimization of the electric field distribution through the electrode configuration. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2835 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 366–378
Titre : Equivalent effective stress and compressibility of unsaturated kaolinite clay subjected to drying Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : L. F. Vesga, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 366–378 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental angineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Clays Unsaturated soils Dewatering Résumé : Three-dimensional compressibility tests performed on unsaturated kaolinite clay subjected to drying showed that the volume change is a function of the equivalent effective stress (EES). The EES in the clay at different water contents was measured by performing direct tensile tests. When the clay has high water content (saturated funicular state), its volume decreases notably as the water content is reduced, i.e., the equivalent effective stress is increased. If the clay has a water content in an intermediate interval (complete pendular state), the volume is almost constant because the equivalent effective stress is almost constant. For the interval of low water contents (partial pendular state), the volume of the clay increases as the water content is reduced. This occurs because the equivalent effective stress is reduced when the moisture content in the clay is reduced, and contrasts with the saturated funicular state. The minimum volume in the clay was reached when the maximum equivalent effective stress was developed. A conceptual framework explains the influence of the different states of water distribution to the EES. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2836 [...] [article] Equivalent effective stress and compressibility of unsaturated kaolinite clay subjected to drying [texte imprimé] / L. F. Vesga, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 366–378.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental angineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 366–378
Mots-clés : Clays Unsaturated soils Dewatering Résumé : Three-dimensional compressibility tests performed on unsaturated kaolinite clay subjected to drying showed that the volume change is a function of the equivalent effective stress (EES). The EES in the clay at different water contents was measured by performing direct tensile tests. When the clay has high water content (saturated funicular state), its volume decreases notably as the water content is reduced, i.e., the equivalent effective stress is increased. If the clay has a water content in an intermediate interval (complete pendular state), the volume is almost constant because the equivalent effective stress is almost constant. For the interval of low water contents (partial pendular state), the volume of the clay increases as the water content is reduced. This occurs because the equivalent effective stress is reduced when the moisture content in the clay is reduced, and contrasts with the saturated funicular state. The minimum volume in the clay was reached when the maximum equivalent effective stress was developed. A conceptual framework explains the influence of the different states of water distribution to the EES. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2836 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 379–396
Titre : Interactions between three tropical soils and municipal solid waste landfill leachate Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Eric M. Frempong, Auteur ; Ernest K. Yanful, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 379–396 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Tropical soils Landfills Clays Sorption Hydraulic conductivity Ghana Résumé : Three tropical soils from Ghana, West Africa, were investigated in the laboratory for their potential as liners for waste containment. The key characteristic evaluated was the impact of municipal solid waste landfill leachate on the geotechnical, mineralogical, sorptive and diffusive properties and hydraulic conductivity of the soils. The observed unique characteristics of the soils included their silica: sesquioxide ratios that allowed them to be classified as either lateritic (ratio of 1.33–2.0) or nonlateritic (ratio greater than 2.0). After 5–11 pore volumes of leachate permeation through the soils, the specific surface of each soil decreased due to mineralogical transformations, while the cation exchange capacity of the soils increased. Na+ and K+ present at the exchange sites of the soils increased at the expense of desorbed Ca2+ . The effective diffusion coefficient, De , obtained for potassium was 1.3–2.0×10−10m2/s while that of sodium was 7.3–14×10−10m2/s . New minerals formed in the soils included hydroxyapatite, pyromorphite, ferrihydrite, hydroxypyromorphite, and strengite. The mineralogical transformations, however, did not adversely alter the hydraulic conductivity of the soils. This finding, along with the observed relatively low De values, suggests that the soils would be effective hydraulic barriers against the migration of potential contaminants in landfill leachate. The study also found that kaolinite and aluminum and iron oxyhydroxides with variable particle surface charge present in the soils allowed sorption of anions, such as, Cl− , that are generally considered conservative (nonreactive) in liner-leachate compatibility studies on soils from temperate regions. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2837 [...] [article] Interactions between three tropical soils and municipal solid waste landfill leachate [texte imprimé] / Eric M. Frempong, Auteur ; Ernest K. Yanful, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 379–396.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 379–396
Mots-clés : Tropical soils Landfills Clays Sorption Hydraulic conductivity Ghana Résumé : Three tropical soils from Ghana, West Africa, were investigated in the laboratory for their potential as liners for waste containment. The key characteristic evaluated was the impact of municipal solid waste landfill leachate on the geotechnical, mineralogical, sorptive and diffusive properties and hydraulic conductivity of the soils. The observed unique characteristics of the soils included their silica: sesquioxide ratios that allowed them to be classified as either lateritic (ratio of 1.33–2.0) or nonlateritic (ratio greater than 2.0). After 5–11 pore volumes of leachate permeation through the soils, the specific surface of each soil decreased due to mineralogical transformations, while the cation exchange capacity of the soils increased. Na+ and K+ present at the exchange sites of the soils increased at the expense of desorbed Ca2+ . The effective diffusion coefficient, De , obtained for potassium was 1.3–2.0×10−10m2/s while that of sodium was 7.3–14×10−10m2/s . New minerals formed in the soils included hydroxyapatite, pyromorphite, ferrihydrite, hydroxypyromorphite, and strengite. The mineralogical transformations, however, did not adversely alter the hydraulic conductivity of the soils. This finding, along with the observed relatively low De values, suggests that the soils would be effective hydraulic barriers against the migration of potential contaminants in landfill leachate. The study also found that kaolinite and aluminum and iron oxyhydroxides with variable particle surface charge present in the soils allowed sorption of anions, such as, Cl− , that are generally considered conservative (nonreactive) in liner-leachate compatibility studies on soils from temperate regions. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2837 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 397–400
Titre : SPT hammer energy ratio versus drop height Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : T. Leslie Youd, Auteur ; Hannah W. Bartholomew, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 397–400 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Penetration tests Energy Field tests Résumé : Automatic trip hammers have advantages for standard penetration test (SPT) of consistent drop height and low friction loss during hammer fall. These advantages, however, generate high energy transfer ratios (ER), typically about 90%. This efficiency causes lower sensitivity and higher energy correction coefficients, CE . To reduce ER and CE and to increase the sensitivity of SPT conducted at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA) and the Garner Valley Downhole Array, instrumented Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation sites, a 127mm (5.00in.) long sleeve was placed in the hammer mechanism to reduce the drop height from 762mm (30in.) to 635mm (25in.) . To calibrate the energy for these drop heights, measurements were made for a series of SPT tests in Borehole X2 at WLA on November 21, 2003. For these SPT, sleeves were inserted with lengths of 50mm (2in.) , 127mm (5in.) 177mm (7in.) , and no sleeve. Resulting drop heights were 762mm (30in.) , 711mm (28in.) , 635mm (25in.) , and 584mm (23in.) . Results indicate that: (1) ER increases with rod length as expected; (2) corrections for rod length, CR , increased with rod length in accordance with CR published in 2001 by Youd et al.; and (3) for lengths greater than 6m , ER increased approximately linearly with drop height. Average ER30 [ER based on a 762mm (30in.) drop height] were 43% for a 584mm (23in.) drop, 60% for a 635mm (25in.) drop, 84% for 711mm (28in.) drop, and 89% for a 762mm (30in.) drop. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2839 [...] [article] SPT hammer energy ratio versus drop height [texte imprimé] / T. Leslie Youd, Auteur ; Hannah W. Bartholomew, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 397–400.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 397–400
Mots-clés : Penetration tests Energy Field tests Résumé : Automatic trip hammers have advantages for standard penetration test (SPT) of consistent drop height and low friction loss during hammer fall. These advantages, however, generate high energy transfer ratios (ER), typically about 90%. This efficiency causes lower sensitivity and higher energy correction coefficients, CE . To reduce ER and CE and to increase the sensitivity of SPT conducted at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA) and the Garner Valley Downhole Array, instrumented Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation sites, a 127mm (5.00in.) long sleeve was placed in the hammer mechanism to reduce the drop height from 762mm (30in.) to 635mm (25in.) . To calibrate the energy for these drop heights, measurements were made for a series of SPT tests in Borehole X2 at WLA on November 21, 2003. For these SPT, sleeves were inserted with lengths of 50mm (2in.) , 127mm (5in.) 177mm (7in.) , and no sleeve. Resulting drop heights were 762mm (30in.) , 711mm (28in.) , 635mm (25in.) , and 584mm (23in.) . Results indicate that: (1) ER increases with rod length as expected; (2) corrections for rod length, CR , increased with rod length in accordance with CR published in 2001 by Youd et al.; and (3) for lengths greater than 6m , ER increased approximately linearly with drop height. Average ER30 [ER based on a 762mm (30in.) drop height] were 43% for a 584mm (23in.) drop, 60% for a 635mm (25in.) drop, 84% for 711mm (28in.) drop, and 89% for a 762mm (30in.) drop. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2839 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 401–407
Titre : Assessing the potential of internal instability and suffusion in embankment dams and their foundations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chi Fai Wan, Auteur ; Robin Fell, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 401–407 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Soil erosion Dams Embankment Dam foundations Résumé : Suffusion is the process by which finer soil particles are moved through constrictions between larger soil particles by seepage forces. Soils susceptible to suffusion are described as internally unstable. This technical note describes a method for assessing the potential of internal instability of silt-sand-gravel or clay-silt-sand-gravel soils based on their particle size distribution based on laboratory tests carried out by the writers and results published by others. It is shown that some commonly used methods are conservative for these soils. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2840 [...] [article] Assessing the potential of internal instability and suffusion in embankment dams and their foundations [texte imprimé] / Chi Fai Wan, Auteur ; Robin Fell, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 401–407.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 401–407
Mots-clés : Soil erosion Dams Embankment Dam foundations Résumé : Suffusion is the process by which finer soil particles are moved through constrictions between larger soil particles by seepage forces. Soils susceptible to suffusion are described as internally unstable. This technical note describes a method for assessing the potential of internal instability of silt-sand-gravel or clay-silt-sand-gravel soils based on their particle size distribution based on laboratory tests carried out by the writers and results published by others. It is shown that some commonly used methods are conservative for these soils. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2840 [...]
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 408–412
Titre : At-rest earth pressure of overconsolidated cohesionless soil Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Adel Hanna, Auteur ; Riad Al-Romhein, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : pp. 408–412 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Overconsolidated soils Cohesionless soils Geotechnical engineering Résumé : Earth pressure theories occupy a paramount position in the field of geotechnical engineering. An experimental investigation of the at-rest earth pressure of overconsolidated cohesionless soil acting on retaining walls was conducted. A prototype model of a vertical rough wall, retaining horizontal backfill, was developed in the laboratory. The model was instrumented to measure the earth pressure at selected points on the wall, the total earth force acting on the wall, and the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) in the sand mass. Tests were conducted on walls retaining homogeneous overconsolidated dense, medium, or loose sands. Test results showed that the coefficient of at-rest earth pressure increases with the increase of the OCR. The present experimental results were used to examine the empirical formulas available in the literature. It can be reported that these formulas compared well with the experimental results for OCR values up to 3. An empirical formula is proposed to predict the coefficient of at-rest earth pressure for overconsolidated cohesionless soils. The results obtained by this formula agreed well with the present experimental results for all values of overconsolidation ratios. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2840 [...] [article] At-rest earth pressure of overconsolidated cohesionless soil [texte imprimé] / Adel Hanna, Auteur ; Riad Al-Romhein, Auteur . - 2008 . - pp. 408–412.
Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 134 N°3 (Mars 2008) . - pp. 408–412
Mots-clés : Overconsolidated soils Cohesionless soils Geotechnical engineering Résumé : Earth pressure theories occupy a paramount position in the field of geotechnical engineering. An experimental investigation of the at-rest earth pressure of overconsolidated cohesionless soil acting on retaining walls was conducted. A prototype model of a vertical rough wall, retaining horizontal backfill, was developed in the laboratory. The model was instrumented to measure the earth pressure at selected points on the wall, the total earth force acting on the wall, and the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) in the sand mass. Tests were conducted on walls retaining homogeneous overconsolidated dense, medium, or loose sands. Test results showed that the coefficient of at-rest earth pressure increases with the increase of the OCR. The present experimental results were used to examine the empirical formulas available in the literature. It can be reported that these formulas compared well with the experimental results for OCR values up to 3. An empirical formula is proposed to predict the coefficient of at-rest earth pressure for overconsolidated cohesionless soils. The results obtained by this formula agreed well with the present experimental results for all values of overconsolidation ratios. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282008%29134%3A3%2840 [...]
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