Dépouillements

Evaluation of high-velocity plunging jet-issuing characteristics as a basis for plunge pool analysis / P. F. A. Manso in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 147-157 Titre : Evaluation of high-velocity plunging jet-issuing characteristics as a basis for plunge pool analysis Titre original : Etude des caractéristiques à la sortie de jets plongeants à haute-vitesse comme base pour l'analyse de bassins amortisseurs par impact de jets Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : P. F. A. Manso, Auteur ; E. F. R. Bollaert, Auteur ; A. J. Schleiss, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 147-157 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dynamic  pressures  Plunging  jets  Pressure  distribution  Spillways  Turbulence  intensity Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This paper presents experimental work on the characteristics of jets issuing from water-releasing structures. Systematic experimental tests have been performed at near-prototype velocities of up to 30 m/s using a cylindrical jet nozzle. Dynamic pressures were measured along the diameter at the nozzle outlet with an acquisition rate of up to 2 kHz, for different upstream supply conditions. These measurements allowed assessing the mean and the fluctuating characteristics of the jet. The influence of supply circuit secondary currents, aeration and geometrical contraction on jet turbulence intensity and velocity profiles is discussed. The initial turbulence intensity varies from 2 to 8%, whereas the kinetic energy correction factor ranges from 1.0 to 1.1. Statistical analysis of pressure measurements shows that jet core pressures follow a Gaussian distribution fairly well for non-exceedence probabilities between 0.1 and 0.999. The experimental results and an extensive literature survey are used to define issuance parameters relevant for engineering practice. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Evaluation of high-velocity plunging jet-issuing characteristics as a basis for plunge pool analysis = Etude des caractéristiques à la sortie de jets plongeants à haute-vitesse comme base pour l'analyse de bassins amortisseurs par impact de jets [texte imprimé] / P. F. A. Manso, Auteur ; E. F. R. Bollaert, Auteur ; A. J. Schleiss, Auteur . - p. 147-157. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 147-157 Mots-clés : Dynamic  pressures  Plunging  jets  Pressure  distribution  Spillways  Turbulence  intensity Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This paper presents experimental work on the characteristics of jets issuing from water-releasing structures. Systematic experimental tests have been performed at near-prototype velocities of up to 30 m/s using a cylindrical jet nozzle. Dynamic pressures were measured along the diameter at the nozzle outlet with an acquisition rate of up to 2 kHz, for different upstream supply conditions. These measurements allowed assessing the mean and the fluctuating characteristics of the jet. The influence of supply circuit secondary currents, aeration and geometrical contraction on jet turbulence intensity and velocity profiles is discussed. The initial turbulence intensity varies from 2 to 8%, whereas the kinetic energy correction factor ranges from 1.0 to 1.1. Statistical analysis of pressure measurements shows that jet core pressures follow a Gaussian distribution fairly well for non-exceedence probabilities between 0.1 and 0.999. The experimental results and an extensive literature survey are used to define issuance parameters relevant for engineering practice. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Influence of tailwater depth, sediment size and densimetric Froude number on scour by submerged square wall jets / Partha Sarathi in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 158-175 Titre : Influence of tailwater depth, sediment size and densimetric Froude number on scour by submerged square wall jets Titre original : Influence de la profondeur de remous, de la taille de sédiment et du nombre de Foudre densimétrique sur les affouillements dus à des jets pariétaux rectangulaires submergés Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Partha Sarathi, Auteur ; M. A. A. Faruque, Auteur ; Ram Balachandar, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 158-175 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Asymptotic  state  Cohesionels  soil  Jet  scour  Migrating  dune  Nozzle  size-to-grain  size  ratio  Tailwater  ratio  Turbulent  bursts Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : In this paper, an effort is made to better understand the scour caused by submerged square jets in a cohesionless sand bed. The variables of interest are the densimetric Froude number, the tailwater depth and sediment grain size. Experiments were carried out at three different values of densimetric Froude number, a range of tailwater conditions varying from low to very high submergence, and two different sand bed grain sizes. Velocity measurements were conducted using a laser Doppler anemometer. At a given densimetric Froude number, progressing from the start of the test towards asymptotic conditions, the geometric parameters used to describe scour are found to be sensitive to tailwater conditions and the ratio of the nozzle size-to-grain size. The present results indicate that the effect of nozzle size-to-grain size ratio can be important and needs to be incorporated in the interpretation of scour. The effect is reduced as asymptotic conditions are reached. At a given tailwater depth, the scour geometry tended to increase with increasing densimetric Froude number and the effect was prominent at all tailwater depths. Turbulent bursts have been noted to have an important role in the scour process, and are more distinguishable with the finer bed material. At low values of the relative tailwater depth, the flow and the corresponding scour pattern tends to be nonsymmetrical. Moreover, at low values of tailwater depth and higher densimetric Froude number, the scour pattern is quite different from the other test conditions. Empirical equations describing the scour geometry are proposed for the asymptotic state. These relations are found to be valid for a wide range of test conditions. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Influence of tailwater depth, sediment size and densimetric Froude number on scour by submerged square wall jets = Influence de la profondeur de remous, de la taille de sédiment et du nombre de Foudre densimétrique sur les affouillements dus à des jets pariétaux rectangulaires submergés [texte imprimé] / Partha Sarathi, Auteur ; M. A. A. Faruque, Auteur ; Ram Balachandar, Auteur . - p. 158-175. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 158-175 Mots-clés : Asymptotic  state  Cohesionels  soil  Jet  scour  Migrating  dune  Nozzle  size-to-grain  size  ratio  Tailwater  ratio  Turbulent  bursts Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : In this paper, an effort is made to better understand the scour caused by submerged square jets in a cohesionless sand bed. The variables of interest are the densimetric Froude number, the tailwater depth and sediment grain size. Experiments were carried out at three different values of densimetric Froude number, a range of tailwater conditions varying from low to very high submergence, and two different sand bed grain sizes. Velocity measurements were conducted using a laser Doppler anemometer. At a given densimetric Froude number, progressing from the start of the test towards asymptotic conditions, the geometric parameters used to describe scour are found to be sensitive to tailwater conditions and the ratio of the nozzle size-to-grain size. The present results indicate that the effect of nozzle size-to-grain size ratio can be important and needs to be incorporated in the interpretation of scour. The effect is reduced as asymptotic conditions are reached. At a given tailwater depth, the scour geometry tended to increase with increasing densimetric Froude number and the effect was prominent at all tailwater depths. Turbulent bursts have been noted to have an important role in the scour process, and are more distinguishable with the finer bed material. At low values of the relative tailwater depth, the flow and the corresponding scour pattern tends to be nonsymmetrical. Moreover, at low values of tailwater depth and higher densimetric Froude number, the scour pattern is quite different from the other test conditions. Empirical equations describing the scour geometry are proposed for the asymptotic state. These relations are found to be valid for a wide range of test conditions. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Dam-break induced sediment movement: experimental approaches and numerical modelling / Zech, Y. in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 176-190 Titre : Dam-break induced sediment movement: experimental approaches and numerical modelling Titre original : Mouvements sédimentaires induits par une rupture de barrage: approches expérimentales et numériques Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zech, Y., Auteur ; Soares-Frazao, S., Auteur ; Spinewine, B., Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 176-190 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bank  erosion  Dam-break  flow  Experiments  Sediments  Two-layer  model Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The present paper aims to present the issues and the scope of work conducted under the framework of the European Research Project IMPACT, in the field of dam-break induced geomorphic flows, at the Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. Two characteristic behaviours are described: the near- and far-field responses to the dam-break wave. This paper gives an overview of the experimental work carried out in the frame of the research programme: flat- and stepped-bed cases for the near-field, bank erosion experiment for the far-field. New developments in modelling are summarized as well for the near-field and for the far-field. The validation by comparison with experimental results highlights that a two-layer model is very efficient in modelling near-field features, while an appropriate modelling of bank failure and sediment re-distribution in the cross section is the key of far-field simulation. Some practical conclusions are given for the future of dam-break wave modelling in terms of needs for additional research. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Dam-break induced sediment movement: experimental approaches and numerical modelling = Mouvements sédimentaires induits par une rupture de barrage: approches expérimentales et numériques [texte imprimé] / Zech, Y., Auteur ; Soares-Frazao, S., Auteur ; Spinewine, B., Auteur . - p. 176-190. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 176-190 Mots-clés : Bank  erosion  Dam-break  flow  Experiments  Sediments  Two-layer  model Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The present paper aims to present the issues and the scope of work conducted under the framework of the European Research Project IMPACT, in the field of dam-break induced geomorphic flows, at the Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium. Two characteristic behaviours are described: the near- and far-field responses to the dam-break wave. This paper gives an overview of the experimental work carried out in the frame of the research programme: flat- and stepped-bed cases for the near-field, bank erosion experiment for the far-field. New developments in modelling are summarized as well for the near-field and for the far-field. The validation by comparison with experimental results highlights that a two-layer model is very efficient in modelling near-field features, while an appropriate modelling of bank failure and sediment re-distribution in the cross section is the key of far-field simulation. Some practical conclusions are given for the future of dam-break wave modelling in terms of needs for additional research. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

The concept of roughness in fluvial hydraulics and its formulation in 1D, 2D and 3D numerical simulation models / Hervé Morvan in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 191-208 Titre : The concept of roughness in fluvial hydraulics and its formulation in 1D, 2D and 3D numerical simulation models Titre original : Le concept de rugosité en hydraulique fluviale et sa formulation dans les modèles de simulation numérique 1D, 2D et 3D Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hervé Morvan, Auteur ; Donald Knight, Auteur ; Nigel Wright, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 191-208 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Flow  Modeling  Resistance  Rivers  Roughness Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This paper gives an overview of the meaning of the term “roughness” in the field of fluvial hydraulics, and how it is often formulated as a “resistance to flow” term in 1D, 2D and 3D numerical models. It looks at how roughness is traditionally characterized in both experimental and numerical fields, and subsequently challenges the definitions that currently exist. In the end, the authors wonder: Is roughness well understood and defined at all? Such a question raises a number of concerns in both research and practice; for example, how does one modeller use the roughness value from an experimental piece of work, or how does a practitioner identify the roughness value of a particular river channel? The authors indicate that roughness may not be uniquely defined, that there may be distinct “experimental” and “numerical” roughness values, and that in each field nuances exist associated with the context in which these values are used. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] The concept of roughness in fluvial hydraulics and its formulation in 1D, 2D and 3D numerical simulation models = Le concept de rugosité en hydraulique fluviale et sa formulation dans les modèles de simulation numérique 1D, 2D et 3D [texte imprimé] / Hervé Morvan, Auteur ; Donald Knight, Auteur ; Nigel Wright, Auteur . - p. 191-208. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 191-208 Mots-clés : Flow  Modeling  Resistance  Rivers  Roughness Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This paper gives an overview of the meaning of the term “roughness” in the field of fluvial hydraulics, and how it is often formulated as a “resistance to flow” term in 1D, 2D and 3D numerical models. It looks at how roughness is traditionally characterized in both experimental and numerical fields, and subsequently challenges the definitions that currently exist. In the end, the authors wonder: Is roughness well understood and defined at all? Such a question raises a number of concerns in both research and practice; for example, how does one modeller use the roughness value from an experimental piece of work, or how does a practitioner identify the roughness value of a particular river channel? The authors indicate that roughness may not be uniquely defined, that there may be distinct “experimental” and “numerical” roughness values, and that in each field nuances exist associated with the context in which these values are used. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Three-dimensional numerical modeling of reservoir sediment release / A. Khosronejad in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 209-223 Titre : Three-dimensional numerical modeling of reservoir sediment release Titre original : Modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle de l'évacuation des sédiments d'un réservoir Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. Khosronejad, Auteur ; C. D. Rennie, Auteur ; A. A. Salehi Neyshabouri, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 209-223 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bed  evolution  Numerical  modeling  Reservoir  Sediment  transport  Three  dimensional Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : For the computation of flow field and bed evolution in a water reservoir during the flushing process a fully three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, using a finite volume method to solve the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations, has been developed and combined with a three-dimensional sediment transport model. The hydrodynamic model is based the equations of mass and momentum conservation along with a standard k–ε turbulence closure model. The sediment transport model is based on the equation of convection/diffusion of sediment concentration and sediment continuity equation for calculating the sediment concentration and bed level change in the reservoir flushing process, respectively. Both the hydrodynamic and sediment transport models are developed in a boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system. The grid is adaptive in the vertical direction, and changes according to the calculated bed level. The hydrodynamic section of the model was verified using experimental and direct numerical simulations data, and the sediment concentration calculations compare well with the experimental results. Also a physical model study was carried out to verify the results of bed evolution at the upstream of a sluice gate. Good agreement is found between bed evolution in the numerical and physical models. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Three-dimensional numerical modeling of reservoir sediment release = Modélisation numérique tridimensionnelle de l'évacuation des sédiments d'un réservoir [texte imprimé] / A. Khosronejad, Auteur ; C. D. Rennie, Auteur ; A. A. Salehi Neyshabouri, Auteur . - p. 209-223. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 209-223 Mots-clés : Bed  evolution  Numerical  modeling  Reservoir  Sediment  transport  Three  dimensional Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : For the computation of flow field and bed evolution in a water reservoir during the flushing process a fully three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, using a finite volume method to solve the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations, has been developed and combined with a three-dimensional sediment transport model. The hydrodynamic model is based the equations of mass and momentum conservation along with a standard k–ε turbulence closure model. The sediment transport model is based on the equation of convection/diffusion of sediment concentration and sediment continuity equation for calculating the sediment concentration and bed level change in the reservoir flushing process, respectively. Both the hydrodynamic and sediment transport models are developed in a boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinate system. The grid is adaptive in the vertical direction, and changes according to the calculated bed level. The hydrodynamic section of the model was verified using experimental and direct numerical simulations data, and the sediment concentration calculations compare well with the experimental results. Also a physical model study was carried out to verify the results of bed evolution at the upstream of a sluice gate. Good agreement is found between bed evolution in the numerical and physical models. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Mitigation of sedimentation problems in the lower reach of the River Klaralven / Bijan Darhahi in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 224-236 Titre : Mitigation of sedimentation problems in the lower reach of the River Klaralven Titre original : Réduction des problèmes de sédimentation dans l'extension inférieure du fleuve Mitigation of sedimentation problems in the lower reach of the River Klaralven Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bijan Darhahi, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 224-236 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Groynes  River  training  Sedimentation  Two-dimensional  models  Vanes Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The study focuses on the sedimentation problems found in the lower reach of the River Klarälven, where the river bifurcates into a west and an east channels at the city of Karlstad. During a period of thirty years, the sediment transport capacity of the west-channel has gradually diminished. This has caused a growing concern about the risk of flooding in the city. The study has aimed to find relevant methods for both increasing the hydraulic capacity of the west river channel, and mitigation of sedimentation problems.The main approach was numerical flow and sediment transport modelling. A two-dimensional depth-averaged modelwas used to study the influence of various river training measures. The modelwas found effective to address the sedimentation problem and the reduced hydraulic capacity in the river. To mitigate these problems, two effective engineering methods were controlling the water levels by partial gates and the use of groynes or vanes. The results suggested that a carefully calibrated and verified 2-D depth-averaged model can be used in supporting river restoration works and flood alleviation schemes. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Mitigation of sedimentation problems in the lower reach of the River Klaralven = Réduction des problèmes de sédimentation dans l'extension inférieure du fleuve Mitigation of sedimentation problems in the lower reach of the River Klaralven [texte imprimé] / Bijan Darhahi, Auteur . - p. 224-236. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 224-236 Mots-clés : Groynes  River  training  Sedimentation  Two-dimensional  models  Vanes Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The study focuses on the sedimentation problems found in the lower reach of the River Klarälven, where the river bifurcates into a west and an east channels at the city of Karlstad. During a period of thirty years, the sediment transport capacity of the west-channel has gradually diminished. This has caused a growing concern about the risk of flooding in the city. The study has aimed to find relevant methods for both increasing the hydraulic capacity of the west river channel, and mitigation of sedimentation problems.The main approach was numerical flow and sediment transport modelling. A two-dimensional depth-averaged modelwas used to study the influence of various river training measures. The modelwas found effective to address the sedimentation problem and the reduced hydraulic capacity in the river. To mitigate these problems, two effective engineering methods were controlling the water levels by partial gates and the use of groynes or vanes. The results suggested that a carefully calibrated and verified 2-D depth-averaged model can be used in supporting river restoration works and flood alleviation schemes. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Optimal design and operation of irrigation pumping stations using mathematical programming and Genetic Algorithm (GA) / Mahdi Moradi-Jalal in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 237-246 Titre : Optimal design and operation of irrigation pumping stations using mathematical programming and Genetic Algorithm (GA) Titre original : Conception et opération optimales des stations de pompage d'irrigation utilisant la programmation mathématique et l'algorithme génétique (GA) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mahdi Moradi-Jalal, Auteur ; Karney, Bryan W., Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 237-246 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Energy  costs  Genetic  algorithms  Irrigation  Lagrange  multipliers  Operation  Optimal  design  Pumping  stations Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : For many water authorities worldwide, one of the greatest potential areas for energy savings is in pump selection and in the related effective scheduling of daily pump operations. The optimal control and operation of an irrigation pumping station is achieved here by first solving the nonlinear governing model using Lagrange Multipliers (LM) and then through Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. Computation in both methods is driven by an objective function that includes operating and capital costs subject to various performance and hydraulic constraints. The LM approach first specifies the annual energy costs and minimizes the total cost for all sets of pumping stations; the method then selects the least-cost pumps from among the feasible sets. The GA model simultaneously determines the least total annual cost of the pump station and its operation. The solution includes the selection of pump type, capacity, and the number of units, as well as scheduling the operation of irrigation pumps that results in minimum design and operating cost for a set of water demand curves. Application of the two models to a real-world project shows not only considerable savings in cost and energy but also highlights the efficiency and ease of the GA approach for solving complex problems of this type. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Optimal design and operation of irrigation pumping stations using mathematical programming and Genetic Algorithm (GA) = Conception et opération optimales des stations de pompage d'irrigation utilisant la programmation mathématique et l'algorithme génétique (GA) [texte imprimé] / Mahdi Moradi-Jalal, Auteur ; Karney, Bryan W., Auteur . - p. 237-246. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 237-246 Mots-clés : Energy  costs  Genetic  algorithms  Irrigation  Lagrange  multipliers  Operation  Optimal  design  Pumping  stations Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : For many water authorities worldwide, one of the greatest potential areas for energy savings is in pump selection and in the related effective scheduling of daily pump operations. The optimal control and operation of an irrigation pumping station is achieved here by first solving the nonlinear governing model using Lagrange Multipliers (LM) and then through Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach. Computation in both methods is driven by an objective function that includes operating and capital costs subject to various performance and hydraulic constraints. The LM approach first specifies the annual energy costs and minimizes the total cost for all sets of pumping stations; the method then selects the least-cost pumps from among the feasible sets. The GA model simultaneously determines the least total annual cost of the pump station and its operation. The solution includes the selection of pump type, capacity, and the number of units, as well as scheduling the operation of irrigation pumps that results in minimum design and operating cost for a set of water demand curves. Application of the two models to a real-world project shows not only considerable savings in cost and energy but also highlights the efficiency and ease of the GA approach for solving complex problems of this type. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Kinematics of horseshoe vortex development in an evolving scour hole at a square cylinder / Rajkumar V. Raikar in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 247-264 Titre : Kinematics of horseshoe vortex development in an evolving scour hole at a square cylinder Titre original : Cinématique du developpement de vortex en fer à cheval dans un processus d'affouillement dû à une pile de section carrée Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rajkumar V. Raikar, Auteur ; Subhasish Dey, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 247-264 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bridge  pier  Hydraulics  Open  channel  flow  Sediment  transport  Steady  flow  Three-dimensional  flow  Turbulent  flow Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This paper presents an experimental investigation on the characteristics of the development of turbulent horseshoe vortex flow in an evolving (intermediate stages and equilibrium) scour hole at square cylinder measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). As the primary objective was to study the turbulent flow characteristics of horseshoe vortex in an evolving scour hole, the flow zone downstream the cylinder was not considered. Experiments were conducted with a square cylinder of width 12 cm embedded in the bed of uniform sand of median diameter 0.81mm under the approaching flow having undisturbed flow depth (= 25 cm) greater than twice the width of the cylinder and the depth-averaged approaching flow velocity (= 35.7 cm/s) equaling approximately 0.95 times the critical velocity for the uniform bed sand. The ADV flow measurements were taken inside the intermediate scour holes (having depths of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 times the equilibrium scour depth) and the equilibrium scour hole (frozen by spraying glue). The contours of the time-averaged velocities, turbulence intensities and Reynolds stresses at different azimuthal planes (0º, 45º and 90º) are presented. The change of the characteristics of horseshoe vortex flow associated with a downflow from intermediate stages to equilibrium condition of scour hole is revealed through the vector plots of the flow field at different azimuthal planes. Also, the flow characteristics of the horseshoe vortex are analyzed from the point of view of similarity with the velocity and turbulence characteristic scales. The important observation is that the flow and the turbulence intensities in horseshoe vortex flow in a developing scour hole are reasonably similar. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Kinematics of horseshoe vortex development in an evolving scour hole at a square cylinder = Cinématique du developpement de vortex en fer à cheval dans un processus d'affouillement dû à une pile de section carrée [texte imprimé] / Rajkumar V. Raikar, Auteur ; Subhasish Dey, Auteur . - p. 247-264. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 247-264 Mots-clés : Bridge  pier  Hydraulics  Open  channel  flow  Sediment  transport  Steady  flow  Three-dimensional  flow  Turbulent  flow Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This paper presents an experimental investigation on the characteristics of the development of turbulent horseshoe vortex flow in an evolving (intermediate stages and equilibrium) scour hole at square cylinder measured by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). As the primary objective was to study the turbulent flow characteristics of horseshoe vortex in an evolving scour hole, the flow zone downstream the cylinder was not considered. Experiments were conducted with a square cylinder of width 12 cm embedded in the bed of uniform sand of median diameter 0.81mm under the approaching flow having undisturbed flow depth (= 25 cm) greater than twice the width of the cylinder and the depth-averaged approaching flow velocity (= 35.7 cm/s) equaling approximately 0.95 times the critical velocity for the uniform bed sand. The ADV flow measurements were taken inside the intermediate scour holes (having depths of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 times the equilibrium scour depth) and the equilibrium scour hole (frozen by spraying glue). The contours of the time-averaged velocities, turbulence intensities and Reynolds stresses at different azimuthal planes (0º, 45º and 90º) are presented. The change of the characteristics of horseshoe vortex flow associated with a downflow from intermediate stages to equilibrium condition of scour hole is revealed through the vector plots of the flow field at different azimuthal planes. Also, the flow characteristics of the horseshoe vortex are analyzed from the point of view of similarity with the velocity and turbulence characteristic scales. The important observation is that the flow and the turbulence intensities in horseshoe vortex flow in a developing scour hole are reasonably similar. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Improved 1-D modelling in compound meandering channels with vegetated floodplains / Martin-Vide, J. P. in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 265-276 Titre : Improved 1-D modelling in compound meandering channels with vegetated floodplains Titre original : Modélisation unidimensionnelle améliorée des cours d'eau à méandres avec des plaines d'inondation couvertes de végétation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Martin-Vide, J. P., Auteur ; P. J. M. Moreta, Auteur ; S. Lopez-Querol, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 265-276 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Compound  channel  Foodplain  Meanders  Vegetation  1D-modelling Résumé : This paper shows that common open channel flow one-dimensional (1-D) numerical models behave poorly in terms of flow distribution across a section in a naturalized meandering channel with vegetated floodplains. We compared numerical models with new experiments carried out in a physical model on a reach of the Besòs river close to Barcelona that has been restored. The case examined has floodplains with thick vegetation, a low-flow meandering channel and high water depths over the main channel and floodplains. 1-D models overestimate velocities in the main channel but underestimate them on the floodplains. The paper gives a detailed description of an improved 1-D computation method based on the consideration of the total shear stress at the main channel-floodplain interface (the sum of turbulent friction plus lateral momentum transfer) on the one hand, and the influence of upstream velocity distribution with the help of two-dimensional numerical models on the other hand. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Improved 1-D modelling in compound meandering channels with vegetated floodplains = Modélisation unidimensionnelle améliorée des cours d'eau à méandres avec des plaines d'inondation couvertes de végétation [texte imprimé] / Martin-Vide, J. P., Auteur ; P. J. M. Moreta, Auteur ; S. Lopez-Querol, Auteur . - p. 265-276. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 265-276 Mots-clés : Compound  channel  Foodplain  Meanders  Vegetation  1D-modelling Résumé : This paper shows that common open channel flow one-dimensional (1-D) numerical models behave poorly in terms of flow distribution across a section in a naturalized meandering channel with vegetated floodplains. We compared numerical models with new experiments carried out in a physical model on a reach of the Besòs river close to Barcelona that has been restored. The case examined has floodplains with thick vegetation, a low-flow meandering channel and high water depths over the main channel and floodplains. 1-D models overestimate velocities in the main channel but underestimate them on the floodplains. The paper gives a detailed description of an improved 1-D computation method based on the consideration of the total shear stress at the main channel-floodplain interface (the sum of turbulent friction plus lateral momentum transfer) on the one hand, and the influence of upstream velocity distribution with the help of two-dimensional numerical models on the other hand. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Design of noncircular sewer sections / Swamee, Prabhata K. in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 277-281 Titre : Design of noncircular sewer sections Titre original : Conception des sections non circulaires d'égout Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Swamee, Prabhata K., Auteur ; Nimisha Swamee, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 277-281 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Design  Noncircular  shapes  Roughness  height  Sewer  Sewerage  Viscosity  Wastewater  collection Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Closed noncircular sections are frequently employed for sewers carrying large discharges. The shapes of these sections are defined by a set of equations valid in a given range of depths. Thus, the flow parameters like average flow velocity, discharge, and normal depth are governed by implicit equations. Similarly for given discharge and the flowdepth ratio, the vertical diameter also involves an implicit equation. Presented herein are the explicit equations for determination of sewer geometry of noncircular shapes for partly full-flowing conditions with input parameters involving discharge, bed slope, average roughness height of sewer surface and the viscosity of water. Equations were developed for satisfying the velocity constraints of the design problem. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Design of noncircular sewer sections = Conception des sections non circulaires d'égout [texte imprimé] / Swamee, Prabhata K., Auteur ; Nimisha Swamee, Auteur . - p. 277-281. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 277-281 Mots-clés : Design  Noncircular  shapes  Roughness  height  Sewer  Sewerage  Viscosity  Wastewater  collection Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Closed noncircular sections are frequently employed for sewers carrying large discharges. The shapes of these sections are defined by a set of equations valid in a given range of depths. Thus, the flow parameters like average flow velocity, discharge, and normal depth are governed by implicit equations. Similarly for given discharge and the flowdepth ratio, the vertical diameter also involves an implicit equation. Presented herein are the explicit equations for determination of sewer geometry of noncircular shapes for partly full-flowing conditions with input parameters involving discharge, bed slope, average roughness height of sewer surface and the viscosity of water. Equations were developed for satisfying the velocity constraints of the design problem. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Real-time sediment monitoring in hydropower plants / M. B. Bishwakarma in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 282-288 Titre : Real-time sediment monitoring in hydropower plants Titre original : Contrôle des sédiments en temps réel dans les usines hydro-électriques Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. B. Bishwakarma, Auteur ; H. Stole, Auteur Article en page(s) : p. 282-288 Note générale : Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Hydropower  Instrumentation  Online  monitoring  Optimization  Power  plan  Sediment  measurement  Suspended  sediment Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Sediments have posed great challenges in the operation of Run-of-River (RoR) hydropower plants mainly built on sediment-laden rivers. The relationship between characteristics of sediments and the features of a power plant is not well known. The knowledge and experience gained so far is not enough to deal with the challenges that exist in the operation of hydropower plants with respect to sediment handling. Therefore, the need for real-time sediment monitoring in RoR hydropower plants can hardly be exaggerated. In connection with the Optimum Sediment Handling research programme, the authors were involved in sediment measurement in two of the power plants in Nepal and one in India. The real-time sediment monitoring system that was developed at NTNU and the manual water sampling techniques were employed to monitor the sediment concentration just upstream of the turbine. The sediment monitoring system was calibrated up to the level of observed concentration during the measurement period. In this paper, the authors present the procedures, instrument setup and obtained results from the real-time sediment monitoring system that was employed in these power plants. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com [article] Real-time sediment monitoring in hydropower plants = Contrôle des sédiments en temps réel dans les usines hydro-électriques [texte imprimé] / M. B. Bishwakarma, Auteur ; H. Stole, Auteur . - p. 282-288. Hydraulique Résumé en Français Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 46 N°2 (2008) . - p. 282-288 Mots-clés : Hydropower  Instrumentation  Online  monitoring  Optimization  Power  plan  Sediment  measurement  Suspended  sediment Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Sediments have posed great challenges in the operation of Run-of-River (RoR) hydropower plants mainly built on sediment-laden rivers. The relationship between characteristics of sediments and the features of a power plant is not well known. The knowledge and experience gained so far is not enough to deal with the challenges that exist in the operation of hydropower plants with respect to sediment handling. Therefore, the need for real-time sediment monitoring in RoR hydropower plants can hardly be exaggerated. In connection with the Optimum Sediment Handling research programme, the authors were involved in sediment measurement in two of the power plants in Nepal and one in India. The real-time sediment monitoring system that was developed at NTNU and the manual water sampling techniques were employed to monitor the sediment concentration just upstream of the turbine. The sediment monitoring system was calibrated up to the level of observed concentration during the measurement period. In this paper, the authors present the procedures, instrument setup and obtained results from the real-time sediment monitoring system that was employed in these power plants. DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.journalhydraulicresearch.com

Exemplaires

Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

Accueil

Se connecter

Météo

Adresse