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Chemical reactivity of discharges and temporal post-discharges in plasma treatment of aqueous media / Jean-Louis Brisset in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inIndustrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008) . - p. 5761–5781 Titre : Chemical reactivity of discharges and temporal post-discharges in plasma treatment of aqueous media : examples of gliding discharge treated solutions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jean-Louis Brisset, Auteur ; David Moussa, Auteur ; Avaly Doubla, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 5761–5781 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Electric discharges Aqueous media Résumé : Environmental applications of electric discharges are being considered increasingly more often: they imply the chemical properties of the activated species generated in and by the discharge. An overview of the resulting chemical effects is presented, based on rationalized classification, i.e., acid−base effects, oxidizing properties, complex forming reactions, and radical reactions. The gliding discharge is considered to be a specifically suitable plasma source for the treatment of liquids for pollutant abatement in the scope of sustainable environment, and this justifies an overview of the chemical properties. Special emphasis is devoted to temporal post-discharge reactions (TPDRs), which occur when the target is no longer exposed to the plasma source, and several typical examples are detailed. These recently evidenced TPDRs seem to present some general character. They are the key parameters to estimating the efficiency of a discharge treatment; they also have major technical and economical importance for the application of the plasma treatment to pollutant and/or micro-organism abatement at atmospheric pressure and quasi-ambient temperature. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie701759y [article] Chemical reactivity of discharges and temporal post-discharges in plasma treatment of aqueous media : examples of gliding discharge treated solutions [texte imprimé] / Jean-Louis Brisset, Auteur ; David Moussa, Auteur ; Avaly Doubla, Auteur . - 2008 . - p. 5761–5781. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008) . - p. 5761–5781 Mots-clés : Electric discharges Aqueous media Résumé : Environmental applications of electric discharges are being considered increasingly more often: they imply the chemical properties of the activated species generated in and by the discharge. An overview of the resulting chemical effects is presented, based on rationalized classification, i.e., acid−base effects, oxidizing properties, complex forming reactions, and radical reactions. The gliding discharge is considered to be a specifically suitable plasma source for the treatment of liquids for pollutant abatement in the scope of sustainable environment, and this justifies an overview of the chemical properties. Special emphasis is devoted to temporal post-discharge reactions (TPDRs), which occur when the target is no longer exposed to the plasma source, and several typical examples are detailed. These recently evidenced TPDRs seem to present some general character. They are the key parameters to estimating the efficiency of a discharge treatment; they also have major technical and economical importance for the application of the plasma treatment to pollutant and/or micro-organism abatement at atmospheric pressure and quasi-ambient temperature. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie701759y

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Accounts of experiences in the application of artificial neural networks in chemical engineering / David M. Himmelblau in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inIndustrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008) . - p. 5782–5796 Titre : Accounts of experiences in the application of artificial neural networks in chemical engineering Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David M. Himmelblau, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 5782–5796 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Artificial neural networks Chemical engineering Résumé : Considerable literature describing the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) has evolved for a diverse range of applications such as fitting experimental data, machine diagnostics, pattern recognition, quality control, signal processing, process modeling, and process control, all topics of interest to chemists and chemical engineers. Because ANNs are nets of simple functions, they can provide satisfactory empirical models of complex nonlinear processes useful for a wide variety of purposes. This article describes the characteristics of ANNs including their advantages and disadvantages, focuses on two types of neural networks that have proved in our experience to be effective in practical applications, and presents short examples of four specific applications. In the competitive field of modeling, ANNs have secured a niche that now, after two decades, seems secure. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie800076s [article] Accounts of experiences in the application of artificial neural networks in chemical engineering [texte imprimé] / David M. Himmelblau, Auteur . - 2008 . - p. 5782–5796. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008) . - p. 5782–5796 Mots-clés : Artificial neural networks Chemical engineering Résumé : Considerable literature describing the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) has evolved for a diverse range of applications such as fitting experimental data, machine diagnostics, pattern recognition, quality control, signal processing, process modeling, and process control, all topics of interest to chemists and chemical engineers. Because ANNs are nets of simple functions, they can provide satisfactory empirical models of complex nonlinear processes useful for a wide variety of purposes. This article describes the characteristics of ANNs including their advantages and disadvantages, focuses on two types of neural networks that have proved in our experience to be effective in practical applications, and presents short examples of four specific applications. In the competitive field of modeling, ANNs have secured a niche that now, after two decades, seems secure. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie800076s

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Diffusion in microporous membranes / George R. Gavalas in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inIndustrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008) . - p. 5797–5811 Titre : Diffusion in microporous membranes : measurements and modeling Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : George R. Gavalas, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 5797–5811 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Microporous membranes Zeolite Macroscopic diffusion models Résumé : Permeation of gases and vapors through microporous membranes, principally zeolite membranes, is reviewed, focusing on macroscopic diffusion models, measurement techniques, and applications of models to experimental data. Brief reference is made to the choice of adsorption isotherms for single components or mixtures. Concerning diffusion, the Maxwell−Stefan (M-S) model is reviewed in some detail, as it is the one universally adopted in recent literature. Emphasis is placed on the coverage dependence of the diffusion coefficients and on the proper handling of the cross terms. In the experimental technique section, the key distinctions are between steady state and transient measurements, and between the use or nonuse of a sweep gas. A few special techniques are also briefly reviewed. Interpretation of transient measurements using the time lag method is reviewed in some detail, especially for coverage-dependent diffusion coefficients. Several of the studies reviewed focus on the ability of the M-S model to match the measurements, and specifically on the suitability of various simplifying approximations. Two common approximations are (i) to treat the M-S diffusion coefficients as coverage-independent and (ii) to neglect the cross terms. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie800420z [article] Diffusion in microporous membranes : measurements and modeling [texte imprimé] / George R. Gavalas, Auteur . - 2008 . - p. 5797–5811. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008) . - p. 5797–5811 Mots-clés : Microporous membranes Zeolite Macroscopic diffusion models Résumé : Permeation of gases and vapors through microporous membranes, principally zeolite membranes, is reviewed, focusing on macroscopic diffusion models, measurement techniques, and applications of models to experimental data. Brief reference is made to the choice of adsorption isotherms for single components or mixtures. Concerning diffusion, the Maxwell−Stefan (M-S) model is reviewed in some detail, as it is the one universally adopted in recent literature. Emphasis is placed on the coverage dependence of the diffusion coefficients and on the proper handling of the cross terms. In the experimental technique section, the key distinctions are between steady state and transient measurements, and between the use or nonuse of a sweep gas. A few special techniques are also briefly reviewed. Interpretation of transient measurements using the time lag method is reviewed in some detail, especially for coverage-dependent diffusion coefficients. Several of the studies reviewed focus on the ability of the M-S model to match the measurements, and specifically on the suitability of various simplifying approximations. Two common approximations are (i) to treat the M-S diffusion coefficients as coverage-independent and (ii) to neglect the cross terms. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie800420z

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Fermentative production of hydrogen from wheat bran by mixed anaerobic cultures / Chunmei Pan in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008)  

Public ISBD [article]  inIndustrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008) . - p. 5812–5818 Titre : Fermentative production of hydrogen from wheat bran by mixed anaerobic cultures Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chunmei Pan, Auteur ; Yaoting Fan, Auteur ; Hongwei Hou, Auteur Année de publication : 2008 Article en page(s) : p. 5812–5818 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Résumé : In the present studies, treatment of wheat bran was carried out with the intention to produce hydrogen during the anaerobic degradation process. The effects of the hydrogen-producing microbial sources, pretreatment condition, substrate concentration, inoculum concentration, and initial pH on the hydrogen production were investigated in batch cultivations. The activated sludge of paper mill in Sui County exhibited a better hydrogen production ability in contrast with the other three natural microbial sources, and the predominant hydrogen-producing bacteria were identified as Clostridium sp. The conventional acid pretreatment of wheat bran was essential for adequate converting wheat bran into biohydrogen. The contents of soluble saccharides in the pretreated wheat bran increased from 0.086 g/g total solid (TS) to 0.392 g/g-TS compared with the raw wheat bran. The maximum hydrogen yield of 128.2 mL/g total volatile solid (TVS) and hydrogen production rate of 2.50 mL/(g-TVS h) were obtained at an initial pH 5.0, 80 g/L of pretreated wheat bran, and 60 g/L of activated sludge of paper mill. The maximum hydrogen content in the biogas was 62% (v/v), and there was no significant methane observed. In addition, biodegradation characteristics of the wheat bran by microorganisms were also discussed. Both butyrate and acetate were main byproduct in the metabolism of hydrogen fermentation. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie701789c [article] Fermentative production of hydrogen from wheat bran by mixed anaerobic cultures [texte imprimé] / Chunmei Pan, Auteur ; Yaoting Fan, Auteur ; Hongwei Hou, Auteur . - 2008 . - p. 5812–5818. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 n°16 (Août 2008) . - p. 5812–5818 Résumé : In the present studies, treatment of wheat bran was carried out with the intention to produce hydrogen during the anaerobic degradation process. The effects of the hydrogen-producing microbial sources, pretreatment condition, substrate concentration, inoculum concentration, and initial pH on the hydrogen production were investigated in batch cultivations. The activated sludge of paper mill in Sui County exhibited a better hydrogen production ability in contrast with the other three natural microbial sources, and the predominant hydrogen-producing bacteria were identified as Clostridium sp. The conventional acid pretreatment of wheat bran was essential for adequate converting wheat bran into biohydrogen. The contents of soluble saccharides in the pretreated wheat bran increased from 0.086 g/g total solid (TS) to 0.392 g/g-TS compared with the raw wheat bran. The maximum hydrogen yield of 128.2 mL/g total volatile solid (TVS) and hydrogen production rate of 2.50 mL/(g-TVS h) were obtained at an initial pH 5.0, 80 g/L of pretreated wheat bran, and 60 g/L of activated sludge of paper mill. The maximum hydrogen content in the biogas was 62% (v/v), and there was no significant methane observed. In addition, biodegradation characteristics of the wheat bran by microorganisms were also discussed. Both butyrate and acetate were main byproduct in the metabolism of hydrogen fermentation. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie701789c

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