Dépouillements

Self-centering steel connections with steel bars and a discontinuous composite slab / Chung-Che Chou in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics, Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 403-422 Titre : Self-centering steel connections with steel bars and a discontinuous composite slab Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chung-Che Chou, Auteur ; Tsai, Keh-Chyuan, Auteur ; Cheng, Ming-Yang, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 403-422 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Post-tensioned  steel  connection;  Strands;  Energy-dissipating  bar;  Composite  slab Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : Six cyclic tests were conducted on three full-scale subassemblies to investigate the behavior of interior beam-to-column post-tensioned (PT) connections. Strands were placed along each side of the steel beam web, passing through the steel column to provide precompression between the beams and a column. Top and bottom energy-dissipating (ED) bars, passing through the column and welded to the beam, were used to increase the moment capacity and ED capacity of the connection. One of the subassemblies also had a composite concrete slab with discontinuity at the column centerline to eliminate restraint from the metal deck, reinforcement, and welded wire mesh. The objectives of this paper were to investigate the following: the durability of the connection by loading each specimen twice, the ED capacity of the ED bar, and the effects that the type of ED bar and type of composite slab have on the self-centering behavior of the connection. The experimental results showed that: (1) the connection could sustain severe inelastic cyclic loading at least twice without strength degradation, (2) the ED capacity of the bar was much larger than that dissipated by a single AISC loading protocol, and (3) a specimen with a discontinuous composite slab, which opened freely at the centerline of the column, ensured the same self-centering hysteretic behavior as the bare steel specimen. However, the decompression moment of the PT connection decreased significantly at each interstory drift, resulting in an early opening of a gap at the beam-column interface. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121411419/abstract [article] Self-centering steel connections with steel bars and a discontinuous composite slab [texte imprimé] / Chung-Che Chou, Auteur ; Tsai, Keh-Chyuan, Auteur ; Cheng, Ming-Yang, Auteur . - pp. 403-422. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 403-422 Mots-clés : Post-tensioned  steel  connection;  Strands;  Energy-dissipating  bar;  Composite  slab Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : Six cyclic tests were conducted on three full-scale subassemblies to investigate the behavior of interior beam-to-column post-tensioned (PT) connections. Strands were placed along each side of the steel beam web, passing through the steel column to provide precompression between the beams and a column. Top and bottom energy-dissipating (ED) bars, passing through the column and welded to the beam, were used to increase the moment capacity and ED capacity of the connection. One of the subassemblies also had a composite concrete slab with discontinuity at the column centerline to eliminate restraint from the metal deck, reinforcement, and welded wire mesh. The objectives of this paper were to investigate the following: the durability of the connection by loading each specimen twice, the ED capacity of the ED bar, and the effects that the type of ED bar and type of composite slab have on the self-centering behavior of the connection. The experimental results showed that: (1) the connection could sustain severe inelastic cyclic loading at least twice without strength degradation, (2) the ED capacity of the bar was much larger than that dissipated by a single AISC loading protocol, and (3) a specimen with a discontinuous composite slab, which opened freely at the centerline of the column, ensured the same self-centering hysteretic behavior as the bare steel specimen. However, the decompression moment of the PT connection decreased significantly at each interstory drift, resulting in an early opening of a gap at the beam-column interface. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121411419/abstract

The effect of foundation embedment on inelastic response of structures / Mojtaba Mahsuli in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics, Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 423-437 Titre : The effect of foundation embedment on inelastic response of structures Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mojtaba Mahsuli, Auteur ; M. Ali Ghannad, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 423-437 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Soil-structure  interaction;  Foundation  embedment;  Kinematic  interaction;  Ductility  demand;  Cone  models Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : In this research, a parametric study is carried out on the effect of soil-structure interaction on the ductility and strength demand of buildings with embedded foundation. Both kinematic interaction (KI) and inertial interaction effects are considered. The sub-structure method is used in which the structure is modeled by a simplified single degree of freedom system with idealized bilinear behavior. Besides, the soil sub-structure is considered as a homogeneous half-space and is modeled by a discrete model based on the concept of cone models. The foundation is modeled as a rigid cylinder embedded in the soil with different embedment ratios. The soil-structure system is then analyzed subjected to a suit of 24 selected accelerograms recorded on alluvium deposits. An extensive parametric study is performed for a wide range of the introduced non-dimensional key parameters, which control the problem. It is concluded that foundation embedment may increase the structural demands for slender buildings especially for the case of relatively soft soils. However, the increase in ductility demands may not be significant for shallow foundations with embedment depth to radius of foundation ratios up to one. Comparing the results with and without inclusion of KI reveals that the rocking input motion due to KI plays the main role in this phenomenon. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121519983/abstract [article] The effect of foundation embedment on inelastic response of structures [texte imprimé] / Mojtaba Mahsuli, Auteur ; M. Ali Ghannad, Auteur . - pp. 423-437. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 423-437 Mots-clés : Soil-structure  interaction;  Foundation  embedment;  Kinematic  interaction;  Ductility  demand;  Cone  models Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : In this research, a parametric study is carried out on the effect of soil-structure interaction on the ductility and strength demand of buildings with embedded foundation. Both kinematic interaction (KI) and inertial interaction effects are considered. The sub-structure method is used in which the structure is modeled by a simplified single degree of freedom system with idealized bilinear behavior. Besides, the soil sub-structure is considered as a homogeneous half-space and is modeled by a discrete model based on the concept of cone models. The foundation is modeled as a rigid cylinder embedded in the soil with different embedment ratios. The soil-structure system is then analyzed subjected to a suit of 24 selected accelerograms recorded on alluvium deposits. An extensive parametric study is performed for a wide range of the introduced non-dimensional key parameters, which control the problem. It is concluded that foundation embedment may increase the structural demands for slender buildings especially for the case of relatively soft soils. However, the increase in ductility demands may not be significant for shallow foundations with embedment depth to radius of foundation ratios up to one. Comparing the results with and without inclusion of KI reveals that the rocking input motion due to KI plays the main role in this phenomenon. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121519983/abstract

Structural seismic response analysis based on multiscale approach of computing fault-structure system / T. Ichimura in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics, Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 439-455 Titre : Structural seismic response analysis based on multiscale approach of computing fault-structure system Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : T. Ichimura, Auteur ; M. Hori, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 439-455 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Structural  seismic  response;  Large  complex  structure;  Fault-structure  system;  Multiscale  analysis Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : Structural safety for earthquake waves emitted from a nearby fault is a major concern. For a large complex structure, it might be desired to estimate its seismic response by analyzing a fault-structure system: a full three-dimensional model in which a source fault and a target structure are modeled so that fault processes, wave propagation and amplification processes, and resulting dynamic responses of the structure can be computed numerically. To analyze this fault-structure system, this paper proposes an efficient approach based on multiscale analysis, i.e. waves emitted from the source fault are computed in the entire system in the geological length-scale; then they are refined in a small part of the system that includes the structure, and the seismic response of the structure is accurately computed in the engineering length-scale. Using a long highway tunnel as an example, this paper examines the validity of the proposed approach. The usefulness and applicability of the proposed approach to estimate the structural seismic responses are discussed. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121506863/abstract [article] Structural seismic response analysis based on multiscale approach of computing fault-structure system [texte imprimé] / T. Ichimura, Auteur ; M. Hori, Auteur . - pp. 439-455. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 439-455 Mots-clés : Structural  seismic  response;  Large  complex  structure;  Fault-structure  system;  Multiscale  analysis Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : Structural safety for earthquake waves emitted from a nearby fault is a major concern. For a large complex structure, it might be desired to estimate its seismic response by analyzing a fault-structure system: a full three-dimensional model in which a source fault and a target structure are modeled so that fault processes, wave propagation and amplification processes, and resulting dynamic responses of the structure can be computed numerically. To analyze this fault-structure system, this paper proposes an efficient approach based on multiscale analysis, i.e. waves emitted from the source fault are computed in the entire system in the geological length-scale; then they are refined in a small part of the system that includes the structure, and the seismic response of the structure is accurately computed in the engineering length-scale. Using a long highway tunnel as an example, this paper examines the validity of the proposed approach. The usefulness and applicability of the proposed approach to estimate the structural seismic responses are discussed. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121506863/abstract

Renovated controller designed by genetic algorithms / Tzu-Kang Lin in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics, Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 457-475 Titre : Renovated controller designed by genetic algorithms Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tzu-Kang Lin, Auteur ; Yi-Lun Chu, Auteur ; Kuo-Chun Chang, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 457-475 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Genetic  algorithms;  Smart  structural  control;  Optical  fiber  sensors Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : A novel smart control system based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed in this paper. The system is comprised of three parts: the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor-based sensing network for structural health monitoring, the GA-based location optimizer for sensor arrangement, and the GA-based controller for vibration mitigation under external excitation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an eight-story steel structure was designed specifically to represent a structure with large degrees of freedom. In total 16 FBG sensors were deployed on the structure to implement the concept of a reliable sensing network, and to allow the structure to be monitored precisely under any loading. The advantage of applying a large amount of information from the sensing system is proven theoretically by the GA-based location optimizer. This result greatly supports the recent tendency of distributing sensors around the structure. Two intuitive GA-based controllers are then proposed and demonstrated numerically. It is shown that the structure can be controlled more effectively by the proposed GA-strain controller than by the GA-acceleration controller, which represents the traditional control method. A shaking table test was carried out to examine the entire system. Experimental verification has demonstrated the feasibility of using this system in practice. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121502317/abstract [article] Renovated controller designed by genetic algorithms [texte imprimé] / Tzu-Kang Lin, Auteur ; Yi-Lun Chu, Auteur ; Kuo-Chun Chang, Auteur . - pp. 457-475. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 457-475 Mots-clés : Genetic  algorithms;  Smart  structural  control;  Optical  fiber  sensors Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : A novel smart control system based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed in this paper. The system is comprised of three parts: the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor-based sensing network for structural health monitoring, the GA-based location optimizer for sensor arrangement, and the GA-based controller for vibration mitigation under external excitation. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, an eight-story steel structure was designed specifically to represent a structure with large degrees of freedom. In total 16 FBG sensors were deployed on the structure to implement the concept of a reliable sensing network, and to allow the structure to be monitored precisely under any loading. The advantage of applying a large amount of information from the sensing system is proven theoretically by the GA-based location optimizer. This result greatly supports the recent tendency of distributing sensors around the structure. Two intuitive GA-based controllers are then proposed and demonstrated numerically. It is shown that the structure can be controlled more effectively by the proposed GA-strain controller than by the GA-acceleration controller, which represents the traditional control method. A shaking table test was carried out to examine the entire system. Experimental verification has demonstrated the feasibility of using this system in practice. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121502317/abstract

Incremental dynamic analysis of woodframe buildings in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics, Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 477-496 Titre : Incremental dynamic analysis of woodframe buildings Type de document : texte imprimé Article en page(s) : pp. 477-496 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : collapse;  incremental  dynamic  analysis;  seismic;  wood  structure Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : The collapse of wood buildings was one of the main contributors to the heavy death toll and economic losses during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake in Japan. In California, half of the property loss from the 1994 Northridge earthquake was attributed to wood construction. Based on damage observed in recent earthquakes, the seismic vulnerability of existing wood buildings under maximum credible seismic events is uncertain. The main objective of this study is to quantify the seismic collapse fragilities and collapse mechanisms of a two-story townhouse and three-story woodframe apartment building through numerical analyses. Three construction quality variants (poor, typical and superior) were considered for each building in order to assess the effects of construction qualities on seismic collapse fragilities. The buildings were also re-designed according to the 2006 edition of the International Building Code to quantify the seismic fragilities of modern woodframe construction. The results obtained suggest that the construction quality, excitation direction and wall finish materials can influence significantly the collapse fragilities of woodframe buildings. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121542282/abstract [article] Incremental dynamic analysis of woodframe buildings [texte imprimé] . - pp. 477-496. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 477-496 Mots-clés : collapse;  incremental  dynamic  analysis;  seismic;  wood  structure Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : The collapse of wood buildings was one of the main contributors to the heavy death toll and economic losses during the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake in Japan. In California, half of the property loss from the 1994 Northridge earthquake was attributed to wood construction. Based on damage observed in recent earthquakes, the seismic vulnerability of existing wood buildings under maximum credible seismic events is uncertain. The main objective of this study is to quantify the seismic collapse fragilities and collapse mechanisms of a two-story townhouse and three-story woodframe apartment building through numerical analyses. Three construction quality variants (poor, typical and superior) were considered for each building in order to assess the effects of construction qualities on seismic collapse fragilities. The buildings were also re-designed according to the 2006 edition of the International Building Code to quantify the seismic fragilities of modern woodframe construction. The results obtained suggest that the construction quality, excitation direction and wall finish materials can influence significantly the collapse fragilities of woodframe buildings. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121542282/abstract

A numerical study on response modification, overstrength, and displacement amplification factors for steel plate shear wall systems / Can Ozan Kurban in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics, Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 497-516 Titre : A numerical study on response modification, overstrength, and displacement amplification factors for steel plate shear wall systems Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Can Ozan Kurban, Auteur ; Cem Topkaya, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 497-516 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Steel  plate  shear  wall;  Finite  element;  Response  modification  ;  Overstrength;  Time  history;  Displacement  amplification Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : Design recommendations for steel plate shear wall (SPSW) systems have recently been introduced into seismic provisions for steel buildings. Response modification (R), overstrength (o), and displacement amplification (Cd) factors for SPSW systems presented in design codes were based on professional experience and judgment. A numerical study has been undertaken to evaluate these factors for SPSW systems. Forty-four unstiffened SPSW possessing different geometrical characteristics were designed based on the recommendations given in the AISC Seismic Provisions. Bay width, number of stories, story mass, and steel plate thickness were considered as the prime variables that influence the response. Twenty records were selected to include the variability in ground motion characteristics. In order to provide a detailed analysis of the post-buckling response, three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted for the 44 structures subjected to the selected suite of earthquake records. For each structure and earthquake record, two analyses were conducted in which the first includes geometrical nonlinearities and the other includes both geometrical and material nonlinearities, resulting in a total of 1760 time history analyses. In this paper, the details of the design and analysis methodology are given. Based on the analysis results, response modification (R), overstrength (o), and displacement amplification (Cd) factors for SPSW systems are evaluated. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121502261/abstract [article] A numerical study on response modification, overstrength, and displacement amplification factors for steel plate shear wall systems [texte imprimé] / Can Ozan Kurban, Auteur ; Cem Topkaya, Auteur . - pp. 497-516. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 497-516 Mots-clés : Steel  plate  shear  wall;  Finite  element;  Response  modification  ;  Overstrength;  Time  history;  Displacement  amplification Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : Design recommendations for steel plate shear wall (SPSW) systems have recently been introduced into seismic provisions for steel buildings. Response modification (R), overstrength (o), and displacement amplification (Cd) factors for SPSW systems presented in design codes were based on professional experience and judgment. A numerical study has been undertaken to evaluate these factors for SPSW systems. Forty-four unstiffened SPSW possessing different geometrical characteristics were designed based on the recommendations given in the AISC Seismic Provisions. Bay width, number of stories, story mass, and steel plate thickness were considered as the prime variables that influence the response. Twenty records were selected to include the variability in ground motion characteristics. In order to provide a detailed analysis of the post-buckling response, three-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted for the 44 structures subjected to the selected suite of earthquake records. For each structure and earthquake record, two analyses were conducted in which the first includes geometrical nonlinearities and the other includes both geometrical and material nonlinearities, resulting in a total of 1760 time history analyses. In this paper, the details of the design and analysis methodology are given. Based on the analysis results, response modification (R), overstrength (o), and displacement amplification (Cd) factors for SPSW systems are evaluated. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121502261/abstract

Experimental validation of semi-active resetable actuators in a frac15th scale test structure / K. J. Mulligan in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics, Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 517-536 Titre : Experimental validation of semi-active resetable actuators in a frac15th scale test structure Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. J. Mulligan, Auteur ; J. G. Chase, Auteur ; J. B. Mander, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 517-536 Note générale : Génie Civile Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Hysteresis;  Semi-active;  Resetable;  Base  shear;  Experimental;  Structural  control Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : The seismic performance of a test structure fitted with semi-active resetable devices is experimentally investigated. Shaking table tests are conducted on a th scale four-storey building using 27 earthquake records at different intensity scalings. Different resetable device control laws result in unique hysteretic responses from the devices and thus the structure. This device adaptability enables manipulation or sculpting of the overall hysteresis response of the structure to address specific structural cases and types. The response metrics are presented as maximum 3rd floor acceleration and displacement, and the total base shear. The devices reduce all the response metrics compared with the uncontrolled case and a fail-safe surrogate. Cumulative probability functions allow comparison between different control laws and additionally allow tradeoffs in design to be rapidly assessed. Ease of changing the control law in real-time during an earthquake record further improves the adaptability of the system to obtain the optimum device response for the input motion and structural type. The findings are an important step to realizing full-scale structural control with customized semi-active hysteretic behaviour using these novel resetable device designs. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121504535/abstract [article] Experimental validation of semi-active resetable actuators in a frac15th scale test structure [texte imprimé] / K. J. Mulligan, Auteur ; J. G. Chase, Auteur ; J. B. Mander, Auteur . - pp. 517-536. Génie Civile Langues : Anglais (eng) in Earthquake engineering structural dynamics > Vol. 38 N°4 (Avril 2009) . - pp. 517-536 Mots-clés : Hysteresis;  Semi-active;  Resetable;  Base  shear;  Experimental;  Structural  control Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : The seismic performance of a test structure fitted with semi-active resetable devices is experimentally investigated. Shaking table tests are conducted on a th scale four-storey building using 27 earthquake records at different intensity scalings. Different resetable device control laws result in unique hysteretic responses from the devices and thus the structure. This device adaptability enables manipulation or sculpting of the overall hysteresis response of the structure to address specific structural cases and types. The response metrics are presented as maximum 3rd floor acceleration and displacement, and the total base shear. The devices reduce all the response metrics compared with the uncontrolled case and a fail-safe surrogate. Cumulative probability functions allow comparison between different control laws and additionally allow tradeoffs in design to be rapidly assessed. Ease of changing the control law in real-time during an earthquake record further improves the adaptability of the system to obtain the optimum device response for the input motion and structural type. The findings are an important step to realizing full-scale structural control with customized semi-active hysteretic behaviour using these novel resetable device designs. ISSN : 0098-8847 En ligne : http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/121504535/abstract

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