Dépouillements

Upstream oil and gas facility energy efficiency tools / D.G. Colley in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 59-67 Titre : Upstream oil and gas facility energy efficiency tools Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D.G. Colley, Auteur ; B.R. Young, Auteur ; W.Y. Svrcek, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 59-67 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Oil  and  gas  Production  and  processing  energy  efficiency  Production  energy  intensity  Auditing,  benchmarking,  and  process  simulation Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Optimizing the energy consumption of Upstream Oil & Gas (UOG) facilities offers opportunities to reduce operating costs, increase revenues and address greenhouse gas emissions, all with cost-effective actions. All of these objectives have been achieved through the application of performance benchmarking, auditing and simulation tools to oil and gas production facilities in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Combining the experience of applying these tools and the database that has been developed, an energy intensity correlation has been developed. The energy intensity correlation provides insight into the day-to-day management and operation of facilities with a focus on energy management as the key to a continuous improvement program. The energy intensity correlation demonstrates that only a few key production variables control processing energy intensity and that energy optimization programs must focus on those plant components that affect production and key production variables. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...] [article] Upstream oil and gas facility energy efficiency tools [texte imprimé] / D.G. Colley, Auteur ; B.R. Young, Auteur ; W.Y. Svrcek, Auteur . - pp. 59-67. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 59-67 Mots-clés : Oil  and  gas  Production  and  processing  energy  efficiency  Production  energy  intensity  Auditing,  benchmarking,  and  process  simulation Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Optimizing the energy consumption of Upstream Oil & Gas (UOG) facilities offers opportunities to reduce operating costs, increase revenues and address greenhouse gas emissions, all with cost-effective actions. All of these objectives have been achieved through the application of performance benchmarking, auditing and simulation tools to oil and gas production facilities in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. Combining the experience of applying these tools and the database that has been developed, an energy intensity correlation has been developed. The energy intensity correlation provides insight into the day-to-day management and operation of facilities with a focus on energy management as the key to a continuous improvement program. The energy intensity correlation demonstrates that only a few key production variables control processing energy intensity and that energy optimization programs must focus on those plant components that affect production and key production variables. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...]

Rapid estimation of equilibrium water dew point of natural gas in TEG dehydration systems / Alireza Bahadori in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 68-71 Titre : Rapid estimation of equilibrium water dew point of natural gas in TEG dehydration systems Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alireza Bahadori, Auteur ; Hari B. Vuthaluru, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 68-71 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Correlation  Natural  gas  Dew  point  Triethylene  glycol  Gas  dehydration Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Evaluation of a triethylene glycol (TEG) system involves first establishing the minimum triethylene glycol (TEG) concentration required to meet the outlet gas water dew point specification. In the present work, simple-to-use correlation, which is simpler than currently available models involving a large number of parameters, requiring more complicated and longer computations, has been developed for the rapid estimation of the water dew point of a natural gas stream in equilibrium with a TEG solution at various temperatures and TEG concentrations. This correlation can be used to estimate the required TEG concentration for a particular application or the theoretical dew point depression for a given TEG concentration and contactor temperature. Actual outlet dewpoints depend on the TEG circulation rate and number of equilibrium stages, but typical approaches to equilibrium are 6–11 °C. Equilibrium dewpoints are relatively insensitive to pressure and this correlation may be used up to 10 300 kPa (abs) with little error. The proposed correlation covers VLE data for TEG–water system for contactor temperatures between 10 °C and 80 °C and TEG concentrations ranging from 90.00 to 99.999 wt%. The average absolute deviation percent from the data reported in the literature is 0.5% which shows the excellent performance of proposed correlation. This simple-to-use correlation can be of immense practical value for the gas engineers to have a quick check on equilibrium water dew point of natural gas at various temperatures and TEG weight percents. In particular, personnel dealing with natural gas dehydration and processing would find the proposed approach to be user friendly involving no complex expressions with transparent calculations. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...] [article] Rapid estimation of equilibrium water dew point of natural gas in TEG dehydration systems [texte imprimé] / Alireza Bahadori, Auteur ; Hari B. Vuthaluru, Auteur . - pp. 68-71. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 68-71 Mots-clés : Correlation  Natural  gas  Dew  point  Triethylene  glycol  Gas  dehydration Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Evaluation of a triethylene glycol (TEG) system involves first establishing the minimum triethylene glycol (TEG) concentration required to meet the outlet gas water dew point specification. In the present work, simple-to-use correlation, which is simpler than currently available models involving a large number of parameters, requiring more complicated and longer computations, has been developed for the rapid estimation of the water dew point of a natural gas stream in equilibrium with a TEG solution at various temperatures and TEG concentrations. This correlation can be used to estimate the required TEG concentration for a particular application or the theoretical dew point depression for a given TEG concentration and contactor temperature. Actual outlet dewpoints depend on the TEG circulation rate and number of equilibrium stages, but typical approaches to equilibrium are 6–11 °C. Equilibrium dewpoints are relatively insensitive to pressure and this correlation may be used up to 10 300 kPa (abs) with little error. The proposed correlation covers VLE data for TEG–water system for contactor temperatures between 10 °C and 80 °C and TEG concentrations ranging from 90.00 to 99.999 wt%. The average absolute deviation percent from the data reported in the literature is 0.5% which shows the excellent performance of proposed correlation. This simple-to-use correlation can be of immense practical value for the gas engineers to have a quick check on equilibrium water dew point of natural gas at various temperatures and TEG weight percents. In particular, personnel dealing with natural gas dehydration and processing would find the proposed approach to be user friendly involving no complex expressions with transparent calculations. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...]

Decision matrix for liquid loading in gas wells for cost/benefit analyses of lifting options / Han-Young Park in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 72-83 Titre : Decision matrix for liquid loading in gas wells for cost/benefit analyses of lifting options Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Han-Young Park, Auteur ; Gioia Falcone, Auteur ; Catalin Teodoriu, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 72-83 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Liquid  loading  Artificial  lift Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Liquid loading in gas wells is a multiphase flow phenomenon where the liquid content of the well creates back pressure that restricts, and in some cases even stops, the flow of gas from the reservoir. It is estimated that 90% of the producing gas wells in the U.S. are operating in liquid loading regime. Field-proven solutions already exist to reduce the loss of gas production when liquid loading begins to occur. However, whether or not the chosen remedy is technically feasible and cost effective will depend on the field's location, export route capacity and the operator's experience. Although there are literature reviews available that describe the possible solutions to liquid loading problems in gas wells, no tool currently exists which is capable of helping an operator select the best remedial option for a specific field case. The selection of the best remedial technique and the timeframe within which the remedial action is undertaken are critical to a project's profitability. This paper describes a newly developed decision matrix to screen the possible remedial options available to the operator. The matrix not only provides a critical evaluation of technical solutions to the problem of liquid loading in gas wells vis-à-vis the existing technical and economic constraints, but also serves as a quick screening tool for the selection of production optimization strategies. In its current state of development, the tool consists of an assessment algorithm used in conjunction with a decision tree. Being a data mining technique, the decision tree allows rapid subdivision of large initial data sets into successively smaller sets by a series of decision rules, which are based on information available in the public domain. The effectiveness of the matrix is now ready to be tested against real field data sets. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...] [article] Decision matrix for liquid loading in gas wells for cost/benefit analyses of lifting options [texte imprimé] / Han-Young Park, Auteur ; Gioia Falcone, Auteur ; Catalin Teodoriu, Auteur . - pp. 72-83. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 72-83 Mots-clés : Liquid  loading  Artificial  lift Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Liquid loading in gas wells is a multiphase flow phenomenon where the liquid content of the well creates back pressure that restricts, and in some cases even stops, the flow of gas from the reservoir. It is estimated that 90% of the producing gas wells in the U.S. are operating in liquid loading regime. Field-proven solutions already exist to reduce the loss of gas production when liquid loading begins to occur. However, whether or not the chosen remedy is technically feasible and cost effective will depend on the field's location, export route capacity and the operator's experience. Although there are literature reviews available that describe the possible solutions to liquid loading problems in gas wells, no tool currently exists which is capable of helping an operator select the best remedial option for a specific field case. The selection of the best remedial technique and the timeframe within which the remedial action is undertaken are critical to a project's profitability. This paper describes a newly developed decision matrix to screen the possible remedial options available to the operator. The matrix not only provides a critical evaluation of technical solutions to the problem of liquid loading in gas wells vis-à-vis the existing technical and economic constraints, but also serves as a quick screening tool for the selection of production optimization strategies. In its current state of development, the tool consists of an assessment algorithm used in conjunction with a decision tree. Being a data mining technique, the decision tree allows rapid subdivision of large initial data sets into successively smaller sets by a series of decision rules, which are based on information available in the public domain. The effectiveness of the matrix is now ready to be tested against real field data sets. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...]

Intelligent design and selection of natural gas two-phase separators / Luis F. Ayala H. in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 84-94 Titre : Intelligent design and selection of natural gas two-phase separators Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Luis F. Ayala H., Auteur ; Doruk Alp, Auteur ; Mohamad Al-Timimy, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 84-94 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Neural  network  Natural  gas  Two-phase  separator Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Proper design of separators for surface production facilities is essential in order to maintain the quality and quantity of produced hydrocarbon fluids and avoid major operational problems in downstream equipment. Separators that are not properly sized or built will invariably be involved in operational mishaps encountered in natural gas surface operations and processing. This study addresses the basis of two-phase separator design and selection and explores the applicability of Artificial Intelligence techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), for the creation of intelligent systems capable of predicting proper two-phase separator dimensions which can guide their selection. The expert system is able to unveil the most accurate mapping among input parameters and output sizing parameters and greatly facilitates identifying which parameters have the most influence and/or govern separator design and selection, while quantifying their relative influence. The proposed system is robust, fast, dependable, and unambiguously quantifies the relevance and impact that each fluid property and process conditions has on the correct selection of separation devices needed for natural gas processing applications. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...] [article] Intelligent design and selection of natural gas two-phase separators [texte imprimé] / Luis F. Ayala H., Auteur ; Doruk Alp, Auteur ; Mohamad Al-Timimy, Auteur . - pp. 84-94. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 84-94 Mots-clés : Neural  network  Natural  gas  Two-phase  separator Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Proper design of separators for surface production facilities is essential in order to maintain the quality and quantity of produced hydrocarbon fluids and avoid major operational problems in downstream equipment. Separators that are not properly sized or built will invariably be involved in operational mishaps encountered in natural gas surface operations and processing. This study addresses the basis of two-phase separator design and selection and explores the applicability of Artificial Intelligence techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), for the creation of intelligent systems capable of predicting proper two-phase separator dimensions which can guide their selection. The expert system is able to unveil the most accurate mapping among input parameters and output sizing parameters and greatly facilitates identifying which parameters have the most influence and/or govern separator design and selection, while quantifying their relative influence. The proposed system is robust, fast, dependable, and unambiguously quantifies the relevance and impact that each fluid property and process conditions has on the correct selection of separation devices needed for natural gas processing applications. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...]

Degradation of gas turbine performance in natural gas service / Rainer Kurz in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 95-102 Titre : Degradation of gas turbine performance in natural gas service Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rainer Kurz, Auteur ; Klaus Brun, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 95-102 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Degradation  Gas  turbine  Natural  gas Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : The paper covers in detail degradation mechanisms and the impact of component degradation on overall gas turbine performance, in particular for two shaft engines as they are used as drivers for compressors in the natural gas service. The impact of component interaction plays a crucial role in the understanding of degradation effects. This is key in understanding and using other studies on this subject that typically only address individual components. The apparent change in efficiency of a component is both due to its deterioration as well as a change in its operating point as a result of component interactions. The paper also provides a discussion about the causes for degraded gas turbine components, and their impact on performance characteristics of the gas turbine. The method used is to subject an engine performance model (‘cycle deck’) to degradation of individual components, and to study the effect on operating parameters. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...] [article] Degradation of gas turbine performance in natural gas service [texte imprimé] / Rainer Kurz, Auteur ; Klaus Brun, Auteur . - pp. 95-102. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 95-102 Mots-clés : Degradation  Gas  turbine  Natural  gas Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : The paper covers in detail degradation mechanisms and the impact of component degradation on overall gas turbine performance, in particular for two shaft engines as they are used as drivers for compressors in the natural gas service. The impact of component interaction plays a crucial role in the understanding of degradation effects. This is key in understanding and using other studies on this subject that typically only address individual components. The apparent change in efficiency of a component is both due to its deterioration as well as a change in its operating point as a result of component interactions. The paper also provides a discussion about the causes for degraded gas turbine components, and their impact on performance characteristics of the gas turbine. The method used is to subject an engine performance model (‘cycle deck’) to degradation of individual components, and to study the effect on operating parameters. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...]

The impact of carbon geological sequestration / Xina Xie in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 103-111 Titre : The impact of carbon geological sequestration Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Xina Xie, Auteur ; Economides, Michael J., Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. 103-111 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Geological  carbon  sequestration  CO2  emission  Global  temperature  change  Injectivity  Kyoto  Protocol  scale  CO2  classification Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Although CO2 geological sequestration is the most popular carbon storage method promoted and pilot tested, the economic feasibility and technical risks for commercial scale sequestration projects are rarely mentioned. More significant is that, apart from rhetorical pronouncements, the would-be impact of the operation on climate change is not discussed. This work studies the technical risks, regulatory issues, and economic burden of CO2 geological sequestration on the U.S. by using the Kyoto Protocol emission requirement as the base line. The potential effect of burying all the extra CO2 regulated by Kyoto Protocol on global temperature change is also evaluated. The lack of regulatory framework has been blamed as one of the obstacles for slowing or stopping CO2 geological sequestration practice. However, any regulatory issues are intertwined and dominated by the physics of the injection process itself and its economic viability. This study analyzes the uncertainty and/or risks caused by CO2 geological sequestration in oil and gas reservoirs, saline aquifers, and coalbeds. The work shows that the potential technical and legal risks and financial costs for sequestering CO2 underground make it impossible to promulgate any regulatory framework without causing detrimental effects on economic development and energy utilization. It is estimated that CO2 sequestration in U.S. will cost over $1 trillion annually for CO2 geological sequestration by complying with the Kyoto Protocol. Even if the global temperature increase of 0.7°C over the past 100 years is solely caused by anthropogenic CO2 emission, the change on the global temperature by sequestering all the CO2 emitted exceeding the 95% of 1990 level will be negligible. The dynamic climate and weather patterns on Earth will make it impossible to be verified. While CO2 sequestration will have little impact on the climate change, the impact on the global economy will be massive and damaging. This work gives a realistic situation on the potential impacts of commercial scale CO2 sequestration projects on economics, environment, and the global climate change. The findings of this study can be used to evaluate the risks of the CO2 geological sequestration projects. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...] [article] The impact of carbon geological sequestration [texte imprimé] / Xina Xie, Auteur ; Economides, Michael J., Auteur . - pp. 103-111. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 1 N° 3 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 103-111 Mots-clés : Geological  carbon  sequestration  CO2  emission  Global  temperature  change  Injectivity  Kyoto  Protocol  scale  CO2  classification Index. décimale : 665.7 Résumé : Although CO2 geological sequestration is the most popular carbon storage method promoted and pilot tested, the economic feasibility and technical risks for commercial scale sequestration projects are rarely mentioned. More significant is that, apart from rhetorical pronouncements, the would-be impact of the operation on climate change is not discussed. This work studies the technical risks, regulatory issues, and economic burden of CO2 geological sequestration on the U.S. by using the Kyoto Protocol emission requirement as the base line. The potential effect of burying all the extra CO2 regulated by Kyoto Protocol on global temperature change is also evaluated. The lack of regulatory framework has been blamed as one of the obstacles for slowing or stopping CO2 geological sequestration practice. However, any regulatory issues are intertwined and dominated by the physics of the injection process itself and its economic viability. This study analyzes the uncertainty and/or risks caused by CO2 geological sequestration in oil and gas reservoirs, saline aquifers, and coalbeds. The work shows that the potential technical and legal risks and financial costs for sequestering CO2 underground make it impossible to promulgate any regulatory framework without causing detrimental effects on economic development and energy utilization. It is estimated that CO2 sequestration in U.S. will cost over $1 trillion annually for CO2 geological sequestration by complying with the Kyoto Protocol. Even if the global temperature increase of 0.7°C over the past 100 years is solely caused by anthropogenic CO2 emission, the change on the global temperature by sequestering all the CO2 emitted exceeding the 95% of 1990 level will be negligible. The dynamic climate and weather patterns on Earth will make it impossible to be verified. While CO2 sequestration will have little impact on the climate change, the impact on the global economy will be massive and damaging. This work gives a realistic situation on the potential impacts of commercial scale CO2 sequestration projects on economics, environment, and the global climate change. The findings of this study can be used to evaluate the risks of the CO2 geological sequestration projects. DEWEY : 665.7 ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%2356453%2 [...]

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