Dépouillements

Idea generation and the quality of the best idea / Karan Girotra in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 591-605 Titre : Idea generation and the quality of the best idea Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Karan Girotra, Auteur ; Christian Terwiesch, Auteur ; Karl T. Ulrich, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 591-605 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Creativity  Brainstorming  Innovation  Idea  generation  Idea  selection  Team  Group  Individuals  Nominal  group  Interactive  buildup Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : In a wide variety of settings, organizations generate a number of possible solutions to a problem—ideas—and then select a few for further development. We examine the effectiveness of two group structures for such tasks—the team structure, in which the group works together in time and space, and the hybrid structure, in which individuals first work independently and then work together. We define the performance of a group as the quality of the best ideas identified. Prior research has defined performance as the average quality of ideas or the number of ideas generated, ignoring what most organizations seek, a few great ideas. We build a theory that relates organizational phenomena to four different variables that govern the quality of the best ideas identified: (1) the average quality of ideas generated, (2) the number of ideas generated, (3) the variance in the quality of ideas generated, and (4) the ability of the group to discern the quality of the ideas. We test this theory with an experiment. We find that groups organized in the hybrid structure are able to generate more ideas, to generate better ideas, and to better discern the quality of the ideas they generate. Moreover, we find that the frequently recommended brainstorming technique of building on others' ideas is counterproductive; teams exhibiting such buildup neither create more ideas, nor are the ideas that build on previous ideas better. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] Idea generation and the quality of the best idea [texte imprimé] / Karan Girotra, Auteur ; Christian Terwiesch, Auteur ; Karl T. Ulrich, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 591-605. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 591-605 Mots-clés : Creativity  Brainstorming  Innovation  Idea  generation  Idea  selection  Team  Group  Individuals  Nominal  group  Interactive  buildup Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : In a wide variety of settings, organizations generate a number of possible solutions to a problem—ideas—and then select a few for further development. We examine the effectiveness of two group structures for such tasks—the team structure, in which the group works together in time and space, and the hybrid structure, in which individuals first work independently and then work together. We define the performance of a group as the quality of the best ideas identified. Prior research has defined performance as the average quality of ideas or the number of ideas generated, ignoring what most organizations seek, a few great ideas. We build a theory that relates organizational phenomena to four different variables that govern the quality of the best ideas identified: (1) the average quality of ideas generated, (2) the number of ideas generated, (3) the variance in the quality of ideas generated, and (4) the ability of the group to discern the quality of the ideas. We test this theory with an experiment. We find that groups organized in the hybrid structure are able to generate more ideas, to generate better ideas, and to better discern the quality of the ideas they generate. Moreover, we find that the frequently recommended brainstorming technique of building on others' ideas is counterproductive; teams exhibiting such buildup neither create more ideas, nor are the ideas that build on previous ideas better. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

Prior consequences and subsequent risk taking / Yu-Jane Liu in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 606-620 Titre : Prior consequences and subsequent risk taking : New field evidence from the taiwan futures exchange Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yu-Jane Liu, Auteur ; Chih-Ling Tsai, Auteur ; Ming-Chun Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 606-620 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dynamic  prospect  theory  Risk  taking  Market  makers  Options  markets Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We use a data set from market participants in the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index options markets to demonstrate a strong positive relationship between prior trading outcomes and subsequent risk taking. In particular, investors in this market take above-average risks in afternoon trading after morning gains. The phenomenon is prevalent in all three types of market makers' accounts and across different types of market participants. Our findings are consistent with the argument that prior outcomes affect subsequent risk taking through a relationship that is sensitive to the model parameters (i.e., expected return, trading period, and curvature of the value function), because prospect theory can predict both increased and decreased levels of subsequent risk taking. We provide possible explanations behind the phenomenon and discuss reasons for the variety of findings in the existing literature. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] Prior consequences and subsequent risk taking : New field evidence from the taiwan futures exchange [texte imprimé] / Yu-Jane Liu, Auteur ; Chih-Ling Tsai, Auteur ; Ming-Chun Wang, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 606-620. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 606-620 Mots-clés : Dynamic  prospect  theory  Risk  taking  Market  makers  Options  markets Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We use a data set from market participants in the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index options markets to demonstrate a strong positive relationship between prior trading outcomes and subsequent risk taking. In particular, investors in this market take above-average risks in afternoon trading after morning gains. The phenomenon is prevalent in all three types of market makers' accounts and across different types of market participants. Our findings are consistent with the argument that prior outcomes affect subsequent risk taking through a relationship that is sensitive to the model parameters (i.e., expected return, trading period, and curvature of the value function), because prospect theory can predict both increased and decreased levels of subsequent risk taking. We provide possible explanations behind the phenomenon and discuss reasons for the variety of findings in the existing literature. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

Reference groups and product line decisions / Wilfred Amaldoss in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 621-644 Titre : Reference groups and product line decisions : An experimental investigation of limited editions and product proliferation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wilfred Amaldoss, Auteur ; Sanjay Jain, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 621-644 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reference  groups  Product  line  Experimental  economics  Game  theory Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Some luxury goods manufacturers offer limited editions of their products, whereas some others market multiple product lines. Researchers have found that reference groups shape consumer evaluations of these product categories. Yet little empirical research has examined how reference groups affect the product line decisions of firms. Indeed, in a field setting it is quite a challenge to isolate reference group effects from contextual effects and correlated effects. In this paper, we propose a parsimonious model that allows us to study how reference groups influence firm behavior and that lends itself to experimental analysis. With the aid of the model, we investigate the behavior of consumers in a laboratory setting where we can focus on the reference group effects after controlling for the contextual and correlated effects. The experimental results show that in the presence of strong reference group effects, limited editions and multiple products can help improve firms' profits. Furthermore, the trends in the purchase decisions of our participants point to the possibility that they are capable of introspecting close to two steps of thinking at the outset of the game and then learning through reinforcement mechanisms. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] Reference groups and product line decisions : An experimental investigation of limited editions and product proliferation [texte imprimé] / Wilfred Amaldoss, Auteur ; Sanjay Jain, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 621-644. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 621-644 Mots-clés : Reference  groups  Product  line  Experimental  economics  Game  theory Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Some luxury goods manufacturers offer limited editions of their products, whereas some others market multiple product lines. Researchers have found that reference groups shape consumer evaluations of these product categories. Yet little empirical research has examined how reference groups affect the product line decisions of firms. Indeed, in a field setting it is quite a challenge to isolate reference group effects from contextual effects and correlated effects. In this paper, we propose a parsimonious model that allows us to study how reference groups influence firm behavior and that lends itself to experimental analysis. With the aid of the model, we investigate the behavior of consumers in a laboratory setting where we can focus on the reference group effects after controlling for the contextual and correlated effects. The experimental results show that in the presence of strong reference group effects, limited editions and multiple products can help improve firms' profits. Furthermore, the trends in the purchase decisions of our participants point to the possibility that they are capable of introspecting close to two steps of thinking at the outset of the game and then learning through reinforcement mechanisms. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

Discretionary disclosure of proprietary information in a multisegment firm / Anil Arya in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 645-658 Titre : Discretionary disclosure of proprietary information in a multisegment firm Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anil Arya, Auteur ; Hans Frimor, Auteur ; Brian Mittendorf, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 645-658 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aggregation  Competition  Disclosure Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The seminal “unraveling” result in the disclosure literature posits that discretion inevitably leads to full disclosure, even when such disclosure has detrimental consequences. In this paper, we revisit optimal disclosure of proprietary information when firms compete in multiple markets. The analysis demonstrates that in the presence of multiple segments, the unraveling result applies at the firmwide level but not necessarily segment by segment. Instead, when the firm has an ex ante desire to withhold information and segments are sufficiently similar, the ex post disclosure equilibrium entails aggregation of segment details. Aggregation arises because any ex post temptation to disaggregate and reveal particularly favorable news in one segment entails revealing unfavorable news in another segment. A desire to balance profits across segments then leads a firm to disclose firmwide information (a temptation that cannot be avoided), but only in the aggregate. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] Discretionary disclosure of proprietary information in a multisegment firm [texte imprimé] / Anil Arya, Auteur ; Hans Frimor, Auteur ; Brian Mittendorf, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 645-658. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 645-658 Mots-clés : Aggregation  Competition  Disclosure Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The seminal “unraveling” result in the disclosure literature posits that discretion inevitably leads to full disclosure, even when such disclosure has detrimental consequences. In this paper, we revisit optimal disclosure of proprietary information when firms compete in multiple markets. The analysis demonstrates that in the presence of multiple segments, the unraveling result applies at the firmwide level but not necessarily segment by segment. Instead, when the firm has an ex ante desire to withhold information and segments are sufficiently similar, the ex post disclosure equilibrium entails aggregation of segment details. Aggregation arises because any ex post temptation to disaggregate and reveal particularly favorable news in one segment entails revealing unfavorable news in another segment. A desire to balance profits across segments then leads a firm to disclose firmwide information (a temptation that cannot be avoided), but only in the aggregate. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

The small firm effect and the entrepreneurial spawning of scientists and engineers / Daniel W. Elfenbein in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 659-681 Titre : The small firm effect and the entrepreneurial spawning of scientists and engineers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Daniel W. Elfenbein, Auteur ; Barton H. Hamilton, Auteur ; Todd R. Zenger, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 659-681 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Entrepreneurship  Employee  mobility  Human  capital  Small  firms  Spawning Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Scientists and engineers in small firms are far more likely than their large firm counterparts to enter entrepreneurship. We label this phenomenon the small firm effect and explore its origins. In particular, we identify four classes of explanations for the small firm effect—preference sorting, ability sorting, opportunity cost, and the possibility that workers in small firms develop entrepreneurial human capital—and examine the empirical evidence for each. We find that preference sorting does play a role in generating the small firm effect: small firms attract those with prior preferences for autonomy who are similarly drawn into entrepreneurship. Similarly, ability sorting plays a role: those who ultimately become entrepreneurs may be drawn first to small firms because they offer tighter pay-for-performance links and can subsequently improve their expected earnings by becoming entrepreneurs, or because the skills required for success in small firms are also valuable in entrepreneurship. Evidence suggests that although those with the very least to lose do enter entrepreneurship with greater frequency, opportunity cost has at best a modest role to play in explaining the small firm effect. Finally, we interpret evidence that prior experience in small firms predicts positive performance outcomes in the early stages of entrepreneurship as suggesting that workers in small firms may develop entrepreneurial human capital that makes them better entrepreneurs. This effect may be largest among those of high ability. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] The small firm effect and the entrepreneurial spawning of scientists and engineers [texte imprimé] / Daniel W. Elfenbein, Auteur ; Barton H. Hamilton, Auteur ; Todd R. Zenger, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 659-681. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 659-681 Mots-clés : Entrepreneurship  Employee  mobility  Human  capital  Small  firms  Spawning Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Scientists and engineers in small firms are far more likely than their large firm counterparts to enter entrepreneurship. We label this phenomenon the small firm effect and explore its origins. In particular, we identify four classes of explanations for the small firm effect—preference sorting, ability sorting, opportunity cost, and the possibility that workers in small firms develop entrepreneurial human capital—and examine the empirical evidence for each. We find that preference sorting does play a role in generating the small firm effect: small firms attract those with prior preferences for autonomy who are similarly drawn into entrepreneurship. Similarly, ability sorting plays a role: those who ultimately become entrepreneurs may be drawn first to small firms because they offer tighter pay-for-performance links and can subsequently improve their expected earnings by becoming entrepreneurs, or because the skills required for success in small firms are also valuable in entrepreneurship. Evidence suggests that although those with the very least to lose do enter entrepreneurship with greater frequency, opportunity cost has at best a modest role to play in explaining the small firm effect. Finally, we interpret evidence that prior experience in small firms predicts positive performance outcomes in the early stages of entrepreneurship as suggesting that workers in small firms may develop entrepreneurial human capital that makes them better entrepreneurs. This effect may be largest among those of high ability. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

Information-based stock trading, executive incentives, and the principal-agent problem / Qiang Kang in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 682-698 Titre : Information-based stock trading, executive incentives, and the principal-agent problem Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Qiang Kang, Auteur ; Qiao Liu, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 682-698 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Risk–incentive  trade-off  Endogenous  information-based  trading  Pay-performance  sensitivity  Adjusted  pin  Calibration Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We examine the role of information-based stock trading in affecting the risk–incentive relation. By incorporating an endogenous informed trading into an optimal incentive contracting model, we analytically show that, apart from reducing incentives, a greater risk increases the level of information-based trading, which consequently enhances executive incentives and offsets the negative risk–incentive relation. We calibrate the model and find that the economic magnitude of this incentive-enhancement effect is significant. Our empirical test using real-world executive compensation data lends strong support to the model prediction. Our results suggest that principals (boards of directors) should consider underlying stock trading characteristics when structuring executive incentives. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] Information-based stock trading, executive incentives, and the principal-agent problem [texte imprimé] / Qiang Kang, Auteur ; Qiao Liu, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 682-698. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 682-698 Mots-clés : Risk–incentive  trade-off  Endogenous  information-based  trading  Pay-performance  sensitivity  Adjusted  pin  Calibration Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We examine the role of information-based stock trading in affecting the risk–incentive relation. By incorporating an endogenous informed trading into an optimal incentive contracting model, we analytically show that, apart from reducing incentives, a greater risk increases the level of information-based trading, which consequently enhances executive incentives and offsets the negative risk–incentive relation. We calibrate the model and find that the economic magnitude of this incentive-enhancement effect is significant. Our empirical test using real-world executive compensation data lends strong support to the model prediction. Our results suggest that principals (boards of directors) should consider underlying stock trading characteristics when structuring executive incentives. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

The analytic hierarchy process and the theory of measurement / Michele Bernasconi in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 699-711 Titre : The analytic hierarchy process and the theory of measurement Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michele Bernasconi, Auteur ; Christine Choirat, Auteur ; Raffaello Seri, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 699-711 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ratio  scales  Subjective  weighting  Decision  making Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a decision-making procedure widely used in management for establishing priorities in multicriteria decision problems. Underlying the AHP is the theory of ratio-scale measures developed in psychophysics since the middle of the last century. It is, however, well known that classical ratio-scaling approaches have several problems. We reconsider the AHP in the light of the modern theory of measurement based on the so-called separable representations recently axiomatized in mathematical psychology. We provide various theoretical and empirical results on the extent to which the AHP can be considered a reliable decision-making procedure in terms of the modern theory of subjective measurement. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] The analytic hierarchy process and the theory of measurement [texte imprimé] / Michele Bernasconi, Auteur ; Christine Choirat, Auteur ; Raffaello Seri, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 699-711. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 699-711 Mots-clés : Ratio  scales  Subjective  weighting  Decision  making Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a decision-making procedure widely used in management for establishing priorities in multicriteria decision problems. Underlying the AHP is the theory of ratio-scale measures developed in psychophysics since the middle of the last century. It is, however, well known that classical ratio-scaling approaches have several problems. We reconsider the AHP in the light of the modern theory of measurement based on the so-called separable representations recently axiomatized in mathematical psychology. We provide various theoretical and empirical results on the extent to which the AHP can be considered a reliable decision-making procedure in terms of the modern theory of subjective measurement. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

A general index of absolute risk attitude / Michel M. Denuit in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 712-715 Titre : A general index of absolute risk attitude Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michel M. Denuit, Auteur ; Louis Eeckhoudt, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 712-715 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Comparative  risk  attitude  Nth  degree  increase  in  risk  Absolute  prudence  Absolute  temperance Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Many results involving expected utility theory call upon the notions of absolute risk aversion, prudence, and/or temperance. This paper exploits a representation of the Friedman–Savage utility premium (Friedman, M., L. J. Savage. 1948. The utility analysis of choices involving risk. J. Political Econom. 56(4) 279–304) to give a general foundation for such coefficients and for their higher-order extensions. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] A general index of absolute risk attitude [texte imprimé] / Michel M. Denuit, Auteur ; Louis Eeckhoudt, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 712-715. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 712-715 Mots-clés : Comparative  risk  attitude  Nth  degree  increase  in  risk  Absolute  prudence  Absolute  temperance Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Many results involving expected utility theory call upon the notions of absolute risk aversion, prudence, and/or temperance. This paper exploits a representation of the Friedman–Savage utility premium (Friedman, M., L. J. Savage. 1948. The utility analysis of choices involving risk. J. Political Econom. 56(4) 279–304) to give a general foundation for such coefficients and for their higher-order extensions. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

Empirical analysis of ambulance travel times / Susan Budge in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 716-723 Titre : Empirical analysis of ambulance travel times : The case of calgary emergency medical services Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Susan Budge, Auteur ; Armann Ingolfsson, Auteur ; Dawit Zerom, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 716-723 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ambulance  service  Probability-of-coverage  map  Nonparametric  Travel Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Using administrative data for high-priority calls in Calgary, Alberta, we estimate how ambulance travel times depend on distance. We find that a logarithmic transformation produces symmetric travel-time distributions with heavier tails than those of a normal distribution. Guided by nonparametric estimates of the median and coefficient of variation, we demonstrate that a previously proposed model for mean fire engine travel times is a valid and useful description of median ambulance travel times. We propose a new specification for the coefficient of variation, which decreases with distance. We illustrate how the resulting travel-time distribution model can be used to create probability-of-coverage maps for diagnosis and improvement of system performance. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] Empirical analysis of ambulance travel times : The case of calgary emergency medical services [texte imprimé] / Susan Budge, Auteur ; Armann Ingolfsson, Auteur ; Dawit Zerom, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 716-723. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 716-723 Mots-clés : Ambulance  service  Probability-of-coverage  map  Nonparametric  Travel Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Using administrative data for high-priority calls in Calgary, Alberta, we estimate how ambulance travel times depend on distance. We find that a logarithmic transformation produces symmetric travel-time distributions with heavier tails than those of a normal distribution. Guided by nonparametric estimates of the median and coefficient of variation, we demonstrate that a previously proposed model for mean fire engine travel times is a valid and useful description of median ambulance travel times. We propose a new specification for the coefficient of variation, which decreases with distance. We illustrate how the resulting travel-time distribution model can be used to create probability-of-coverage maps for diagnosis and improvement of system performance. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

Enhancing the motivational affordance of information systems / J. H. Jung in Management science, Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 724-742 Titre : Enhancing the motivational affordance of information systems : The effects of real-time performance feedback and goal setting in group collaboration environments Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. H. Jung, Auteur ; Christoph Schneider, Auteur ; Joseph Valacich, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 724-742 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Human–computer  interaction  Motivational  affordance  Collaboration  Computer-mediated  idea  generation  Goal  setting  Performance  feedback Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Increasing globalization has created tremendous opportunities and challenges for organizations and societies. Consequently, a broad range of information technologies to better support the collaboration of diverse, and increasingly distributed, sets of participants is ever more utilized. Arguably, the success of such technology-mediated collaboration is dependent upon the quality of each individual's contributions; however, although individuals' motivations to do their best could be significantly influenced by the design of a system's human–computer interface, this area has received little attention within the context of group collaboration environments. We fill this gap by integrating research from human–computer interaction, motivation, and technology-supported group work to theoretically derive mechanisms for increasing each individual's motivation within a collective setting. Specifically, we manipulate the interface of a computer-mediated idea generation system (a widely used collaboration tool) to enhance the system's motivational affordance, i.e., the system's properties that fulfill users' motivational needs. Results from two studies demonstrate that by embedding the theoretically derived mechanisms “providing feedback” and “designing for optimal challenge” into the collaboration environment, significant performance gains were realized. The results suggest that even slight manipulations of the human–computer interface can contribute significantly to the successful design of a wide variety of group collaboration environments. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc [article] Enhancing the motivational affordance of information systems : The effects of real-time performance feedback and goal setting in group collaboration environments [texte imprimé] / J. H. Jung, Auteur ; Christoph Schneider, Auteur ; Joseph Valacich, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 724-742. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 56 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 724-742 Mots-clés : Human–computer  interaction  Motivational  affordance  Collaboration  Computer-mediated  idea  generation  Goal  setting  Performance  feedback Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Increasing globalization has created tremendous opportunities and challenges for organizations and societies. Consequently, a broad range of information technologies to better support the collaboration of diverse, and increasingly distributed, sets of participants is ever more utilized. Arguably, the success of such technology-mediated collaboration is dependent upon the quality of each individual's contributions; however, although individuals' motivations to do their best could be significantly influenced by the design of a system's human–computer interface, this area has received little attention within the context of group collaboration environments. We fill this gap by integrating research from human–computer interaction, motivation, and technology-supported group work to theoretically derive mechanisms for increasing each individual's motivation within a collective setting. Specifically, we manipulate the interface of a computer-mediated idea generation system (a widely used collaboration tool) to enhance the system's motivational affordance, i.e., the system's properties that fulfill users' motivational needs. Results from two studies demonstrate that by embedding the theoretically derived mechanisms “providing feedback” and “designing for optimal challenge” into the collaboration environment, significant performance gains were realized. The results suggest that even slight manipulations of the human–computer interface can contribute significantly to the successful design of a wide variety of group collaboration environments. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/56/4.toc

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