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International journal of refrigeration |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierDynamic analysis of an electrostatic compressor / Abhijit A. Sathe in International journal of refrigeration, Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 889-896
Titre : Dynamic analysis of an electrostatic compressor Titre original : Analyse dynamique d'un compresseur électrostatique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Abhijit A. Sathe, Auteur ; Eckhard A. Groll, Auteur ; Suresh V. Garimella, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 889-896 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Diaphragm compressor Refrigeration Modelling Simulation Mechanical property Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents an analytical approach for modeling the transient dynamic forces in a diaphragm compressor which operates under the action of an electrostatically actuated diaphragm. An experimentally validated, quasi-static model for a diaphragm compressor for electronics cooling was previously developed in which dynamic effects were neglected. In the new model, the dynamic forces induced due to the finite time necessary for deflection of the diaphragm are taken into consideration using the segmentation approach developed earlier. Results from the analytical model compare favorably with those from a detailed numerical simulation as well as with experimental measurements available in the literature. The analytical dynamic model is applied to two different pumping devices to illustrate the effects of the dynamic forces on the overall performance of the device. The effect of pumping frequency of the device on the operating voltage is also explored. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000745 [article] Dynamic analysis of an electrostatic compressor = Analyse dynamique d'un compresseur électrostatique [texte imprimé] / Abhijit A. Sathe, Auteur ; Eckhard A. Groll, Auteur ; Suresh V. Garimella, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 889-896.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 889-896
Mots-clés : Diaphragm compressor Refrigeration Modelling Simulation Mechanical property Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents an analytical approach for modeling the transient dynamic forces in a diaphragm compressor which operates under the action of an electrostatically actuated diaphragm. An experimentally validated, quasi-static model for a diaphragm compressor for electronics cooling was previously developed in which dynamic effects were neglected. In the new model, the dynamic forces induced due to the finite time necessary for deflection of the diaphragm are taken into consideration using the segmentation approach developed earlier. Results from the analytical model compare favorably with those from a detailed numerical simulation as well as with experimental measurements available in the literature. The analytical dynamic model is applied to two different pumping devices to illustrate the effects of the dynamic forces on the overall performance of the device. The effect of pumping frequency of the device on the operating voltage is also explored. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000745
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 897-906
Titre : Simulation research on scroll refrigeration compressor with external cooling Titre original : Simulation d'un compresseur frigorifique à spirale muni de refroidissement externe: recherches Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Shuaihui Sun, Auteur ; Yuanyang Zhao, Auteur ; Liansheng Li, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 897-906 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Scroll compressor Modelling Simulation Cooling Heat Compression Improvement Efficiency Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : The compression process can approach the isothermal one when compressors are cooled in the compression process, and the compression work can be reduced. The paper presents a special external cooling structure for scroll refrigeration compressor. A mathematical model is established to simulate the compressor. All of boundary conditions in heat transfer model are set to coincide with the real operation conditions as much as possible. The simulation results indicate that the isentropic efficiency is improved by 7.4% and the discharge temperature are reduced by 23 °C when the water of 30 °C flows through the cooling structure. Furthermore, with the simulation results, the details of heat transfer between refrigerant and work chamber are analyzed and figured out. The influence of water temperature, dimension of cooling structure, leakage clearance, rotational speed and pressure ratio on the performances of compressor is discussed. And some useful results can be used to enhance the effect of water cooling and the performance of compressors. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000514 [article] Simulation research on scroll refrigeration compressor with external cooling = Simulation d'un compresseur frigorifique à spirale muni de refroidissement externe: recherches [texte imprimé] / Shuaihui Sun, Auteur ; Yuanyang Zhao, Auteur ; Liansheng Li, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 897-906.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 897-906
Mots-clés : Scroll compressor Modelling Simulation Cooling Heat Compression Improvement Efficiency Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : The compression process can approach the isothermal one when compressors are cooled in the compression process, and the compression work can be reduced. The paper presents a special external cooling structure for scroll refrigeration compressor. A mathematical model is established to simulate the compressor. All of boundary conditions in heat transfer model are set to coincide with the real operation conditions as much as possible. The simulation results indicate that the isentropic efficiency is improved by 7.4% and the discharge temperature are reduced by 23 °C when the water of 30 °C flows through the cooling structure. Furthermore, with the simulation results, the details of heat transfer between refrigerant and work chamber are analyzed and figured out. The influence of water temperature, dimension of cooling structure, leakage clearance, rotational speed and pressure ratio on the performances of compressor is discussed. And some useful results can be used to enhance the effect of water cooling and the performance of compressors. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000514
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 907-914
Titre : An application of the extended corresponding states model to thermodynamic property calculations for trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)) Titre original : Application de l'extension d'un modèle d'états correspondants étendus pour le calcul des propriétés thermodynamiques du trans-1,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène (HFO-1234ze[E]) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ryo Akasaka, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 907-914 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refrigerant HFO-1234ze[E] R134a Modelling Thermodynamic property Equation of state Density Pressure Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : A new thermodynamic property model is presented for trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (trans-CHFdouble bond; length as m-dashCHCF3, HFO-1234ze(E)) based upon available experimental data. This model is an application of the extended corresponding states principle, which is one approach in property modeling for fluids with limited experimental databases. The model is capable of calculating with reasonable accuracies various properties of HFO-1234ze(E), including the PVT relation, energies, heat capacities, and vapor–liquid equilibrium. The reference fluid of the model is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a). Comparisons of calculated values using the model are made with experimental data. Typical uncertainties of calculated properties are 0.2% in the vapor pressure, 0.5% in the liquid density, and 5% in the liquid and vapor isobaric heat capacities. In addition, an ancillary equation is given for the vapor pressure. Thermodynamic property diagrams generated using the model are also provided. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000496 [article] An application of the extended corresponding states model to thermodynamic property calculations for trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze(E)) = Application de l'extension d'un modèle d'états correspondants étendus pour le calcul des propriétés thermodynamiques du trans-1,3,3,3-tétrafluoropropène (HFO-1234ze[E]) [texte imprimé] / Ryo Akasaka, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 907-914.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 907-914
Mots-clés : Refrigerant HFO-1234ze[E] R134a Modelling Thermodynamic property Equation of state Density Pressure Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : A new thermodynamic property model is presented for trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (trans-CHFdouble bond; length as m-dashCHCF3, HFO-1234ze(E)) based upon available experimental data. This model is an application of the extended corresponding states principle, which is one approach in property modeling for fluids with limited experimental databases. The model is capable of calculating with reasonable accuracies various properties of HFO-1234ze(E), including the PVT relation, energies, heat capacities, and vapor–liquid equilibrium. The reference fluid of the model is 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a). Comparisons of calculated values using the model are made with experimental data. Typical uncertainties of calculated properties are 0.2% in the vapor pressure, 0.5% in the liquid density, and 5% in the liquid and vapor isobaric heat capacities. In addition, an ancillary equation is given for the vapor pressure. Thermodynamic property diagrams generated using the model are also provided. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000496
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 915-921
Titre : An experimental and theoretical study of a CO2 ejector Titre original : Etude expérimentale et théorique sur un éjecteur au CO2 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Chen Guangming, Auteur ; Xu Xiaoxiao, Auteur ; Liu Shuang, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 915-921 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Ejector system Carbon dioxide Heat pump Domestic hot water Calculation Performance Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : In this paper we represent the performance of an ejector used in the CO2 heat pump water heater system by means of experimental and theoretical studies. This work accounts for the effects of primary flow pressure, entrained flow pressure and back pressure on the entrainment ratio in off-design conditions. The performance of the ejector is experimentally investigated in a CO2-ejector test rig. Using ejector characteristic-curve equations, we provide predictions in good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the model predictions will be utilized as a design tool for optimizing the performance of next generation ejector. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000228 [article] An experimental and theoretical study of a CO2 ejector = Etude expérimentale et théorique sur un éjecteur au CO2 [texte imprimé] / Chen Guangming, Auteur ; Xu Xiaoxiao, Auteur ; Liu Shuang, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 915-921.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 915-921
Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Ejector system Carbon dioxide Heat pump Domestic hot water Calculation Performance Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : In this paper we represent the performance of an ejector used in the CO2 heat pump water heater system by means of experimental and theoretical studies. This work accounts for the effects of primary flow pressure, entrained flow pressure and back pressure on the entrainment ratio in off-design conditions. The performance of the ejector is experimentally investigated in a CO2-ejector test rig. Using ejector characteristic-curve equations, we provide predictions in good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the model predictions will be utilized as a design tool for optimizing the performance of next generation ejector. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000228
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 922-931
Titre : Experimental studies on the evaporative heat transfer and pressure drop of CO2 and CO2/propane mixtures flowing upward in smooth and micro-fin tubes with outer diameter of 5 mm for an inclination angle of 45° Titre original : Etudes expérimentales sur le transfert de chaleur lors de l'évaporation et la chute de pression du CO2 et des mélanges de CO2/propane en écoulement ascendant à l'intérieur de tubes à micro-ailettes avec un diamètre externe de 5 mm et un angle d'inclinaison de 45° Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jin Min Cho, Auteur ; Yong Jin Kim, Auteur ; Min Soo Kim, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 922-931 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Heat exchanger Smooth tube Micro-fin tube Inclined tube Experiment Heat transfer Evaporation Pressure drop Carbon dioxide Propane Mixture Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Heat transfer characteristics show different tendency according to the tube orientations such as horizontal, vertical, and inclined positions. In this study, evaporative heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of CO2 and CO2/propane mixtures flowing upward are investigated in inclined smooth and micro-fin tubes. Smooth and micro-fin tubes with outer diameter of 5 mm and length of 1.44 m with inclination angle of 45° were chosen as test tubes. Average inner diameters of test tubes are 4.0 mm (smooth tube) and 4.13 mm (micro-fin tube). The tests were conducted at mass fluxes from 212 to 656 kg/m2 s, saturation temperatures from −10 to 30 °C and heat fluxes from 15 to 60 kW/m2 for CO2. In addition, for CO2/propane mixtures, the test was carried out at inlet temperatures from −10 to 30 °C for several compositions (75/25, 50/50, 25/75 wt%) with the same mass fluxes, heat fluxes applied for CO2. Heat transfer coefficients in inclined tube are approximately 1.8–3 times higher than those in horizontal tube and the average pressure drop of inclined tube exists between that of horizontal and vertical tubes. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000381 [article] Experimental studies on the evaporative heat transfer and pressure drop of CO2 and CO2/propane mixtures flowing upward in smooth and micro-fin tubes with outer diameter of 5 mm for an inclination angle of 45° = Etudes expérimentales sur le transfert de chaleur lors de l'évaporation et la chute de pression du CO2 et des mélanges de CO2/propane en écoulement ascendant à l'intérieur de tubes à micro-ailettes avec un diamètre externe de 5 mm et un angle d'inclinaison de 45° [texte imprimé] / Jin Min Cho, Auteur ; Yong Jin Kim, Auteur ; Min Soo Kim, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 922-931.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 922-931
Mots-clés : Heat exchanger Smooth tube Micro-fin tube Inclined tube Experiment Heat transfer Evaporation Pressure drop Carbon dioxide Propane Mixture Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Heat transfer characteristics show different tendency according to the tube orientations such as horizontal, vertical, and inclined positions. In this study, evaporative heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of CO2 and CO2/propane mixtures flowing upward are investigated in inclined smooth and micro-fin tubes. Smooth and micro-fin tubes with outer diameter of 5 mm and length of 1.44 m with inclination angle of 45° were chosen as test tubes. Average inner diameters of test tubes are 4.0 mm (smooth tube) and 4.13 mm (micro-fin tube). The tests were conducted at mass fluxes from 212 to 656 kg/m2 s, saturation temperatures from −10 to 30 °C and heat fluxes from 15 to 60 kW/m2 for CO2. In addition, for CO2/propane mixtures, the test was carried out at inlet temperatures from −10 to 30 °C for several compositions (75/25, 50/50, 25/75 wt%) with the same mass fluxes, heat fluxes applied for CO2. Heat transfer coefficients in inclined tube are approximately 1.8–3 times higher than those in horizontal tube and the average pressure drop of inclined tube exists between that of horizontal and vertical tubes. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000381
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 932-943
Titre : Heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant-oil mixtures flow boiling in a horizontal C-shape curved smooth tube Titre original : Caractéristiques du transfert de chaleur de mélanges frigorigène/huile en ébullition en écoulement à l'intérieur d'un tube lisse horizontal sous forme de C Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Haitao Hu, Auteur ; Guoliang Ding, Auteur ; Wenjian Wei, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 932-943 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Heat exchanger Geometry Heat transfer Boiling Mixture Refrigerant Oil Correlation Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Two-phase heat transfer characteristics of R410A–POE oil mixture and R22-mineral oil mixture flow boiling inside a horizontal C-shape curved smooth tube with an outside diameter of 7.0 mm and a curvature ratio of 60 were investigated experimentally. The test results show that the curvature of C-shape curved smooth tube deteriorates the flow boiling heat transfer, and the ratios of the heat transfer coefficients in C-shape curved smooth tube to those in straight smooth tube for R410A–oil mixture and R22–oil mixture are within 0.46–0.74 and 0.74–0.90, respectively. A correlation to predict the heat transfer coefficients of refrigerant-oil mixtures flow boiling inside C-shape curved smooth tube was developed based on mixture properties of refrigerant-oil, and it could agree with 96% of the experimental data within a deviation of ±20%. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000411 [article] Heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant-oil mixtures flow boiling in a horizontal C-shape curved smooth tube = Caractéristiques du transfert de chaleur de mélanges frigorigène/huile en ébullition en écoulement à l'intérieur d'un tube lisse horizontal sous forme de C [texte imprimé] / Haitao Hu, Auteur ; Guoliang Ding, Auteur ; Wenjian Wei, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 932-943.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 932-943
Mots-clés : Heat exchanger Geometry Heat transfer Boiling Mixture Refrigerant Oil Correlation Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Two-phase heat transfer characteristics of R410A–POE oil mixture and R22-mineral oil mixture flow boiling inside a horizontal C-shape curved smooth tube with an outside diameter of 7.0 mm and a curvature ratio of 60 were investigated experimentally. The test results show that the curvature of C-shape curved smooth tube deteriorates the flow boiling heat transfer, and the ratios of the heat transfer coefficients in C-shape curved smooth tube to those in straight smooth tube for R410A–oil mixture and R22–oil mixture are within 0.46–0.74 and 0.74–0.90, respectively. A correlation to predict the heat transfer coefficients of refrigerant-oil mixtures flow boiling inside C-shape curved smooth tube was developed based on mixture properties of refrigerant-oil, and it could agree with 96% of the experimental data within a deviation of ±20%. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000411
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 944-953
Titre : Heat transfer and pressure drop during hydrocarbon refrigerant condensation inside a brazed plate heat exchanger Titre original : Transfert de chaleur et chute de pression des frigorigènes hydrocarbures à l'intérieur d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques brasées Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Giovanni A. Longo, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 944-953 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Heat exchanger Plate exchanger Condensation Hydrocarbon Heat exchange Heat transfer Pressure drop Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents the heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop measured during HC-600a, HC-290 and HC-1270 saturated vapour condensation inside a brazed plate heat exchanger: the effects of refrigerant mass flux, saturation temperature (pressure) and fluid properties are investigated.
The heat transfer coefficients show weak sensitivity to saturation temperature (pressure) and great sensitivity to refrigerant mass flux and fluid properties. A transition point between gravity controlled and forced convection condensation has been found for a refrigerant mass flux around 15–18 kg m−2 s−1. In the forced convection condensation region the heat transfer coefficients show a 35–40% enhancement for a 60% increase of the refrigerant mass flux. The frictional pressure drop shows a linear dependence on the kinetic energy per unit volume of the refrigerant flow.
HC-1270 shows heat transfer coefficients 5% higher than HC-600a and 10–15% higher than HC-290, together with frictional pressure drop 20–25% lower than HC-290 and 50–66% lower than HC-600a.DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000435 [article] Heat transfer and pressure drop during hydrocarbon refrigerant condensation inside a brazed plate heat exchanger = Transfert de chaleur et chute de pression des frigorigènes hydrocarbures à l'intérieur d'un échangeur de chaleur à plaques brasées [texte imprimé] / Giovanni A. Longo, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 944-953.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 944-953
Mots-clés : Heat exchanger Plate exchanger Condensation Hydrocarbon Heat exchange Heat transfer Pressure drop Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents the heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop measured during HC-600a, HC-290 and HC-1270 saturated vapour condensation inside a brazed plate heat exchanger: the effects of refrigerant mass flux, saturation temperature (pressure) and fluid properties are investigated.
The heat transfer coefficients show weak sensitivity to saturation temperature (pressure) and great sensitivity to refrigerant mass flux and fluid properties. A transition point between gravity controlled and forced convection condensation has been found for a refrigerant mass flux around 15–18 kg m−2 s−1. In the forced convection condensation region the heat transfer coefficients show a 35–40% enhancement for a 60% increase of the refrigerant mass flux. The frictional pressure drop shows a linear dependence on the kinetic energy per unit volume of the refrigerant flow.
HC-1270 shows heat transfer coefficients 5% higher than HC-600a and 10–15% higher than HC-290, together with frictional pressure drop 20–25% lower than HC-290 and 50–66% lower than HC-600a.DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000435
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 954-962
Titre : Experimental investigation and exergy analysis of the performance of a counter flow Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube with regard to nozzle cross-section areas Titre original : Etude expérimentale et analyse exergétique de la performance d'un tube vortex Ranque-Hilsch à contre-courant portant sur les coupes des tuyères Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. Dincer, Auteur ; A. Avci, Auteur ; S. Baskaya, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 954-962 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Vortex tube Ranque Hilsch Experiment Exergy Performance Efficiency Parameter Geometry Nozzle Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Exergy analysis and performance of a Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tube (RHVT) with various nozzle cross-section areas (NCSA = 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 5 × 5 mm2) were determined under inlet pressures (Pi) of 260, 300 kPa (absolute) pressurized air. The maximum difference in the temperatures of hot output and cold output streams was obtained for NCSA = 3 × 3 mm2. The total inlet exergy View the MathML source, total outlet exergy View the MathML source, total lost exergy View the MathML source and exergy efficiency (η, %) were calculated. It was determined that the exergy efficiency of the system, varied between 1% and 39%, and the highest exergy efficiency was obtained for NCSA = 3 × 3 mm2. The exergy efficiency strongly depends on the level of Pi, ξ and vcold. Variation of the exergy efficiency decreased with decreasing Pi, ξ, vcold and the highest and lowest exergy efficiencies were found when the values of Pi, ξ, vcold reached maximum and minimum levels, respectively. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000708 [article] Experimental investigation and exergy analysis of the performance of a counter flow Ranque–Hilsch vortex tube with regard to nozzle cross-section areas = Etude expérimentale et analyse exergétique de la performance d'un tube vortex Ranque-Hilsch à contre-courant portant sur les coupes des tuyères [texte imprimé] / K. Dincer, Auteur ; A. Avci, Auteur ; S. Baskaya, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 954-962.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 954-962
Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Vortex tube Ranque Hilsch Experiment Exergy Performance Efficiency Parameter Geometry Nozzle Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Exergy analysis and performance of a Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tube (RHVT) with various nozzle cross-section areas (NCSA = 3 × 3, 4 × 4, 5 × 5 mm2) were determined under inlet pressures (Pi) of 260, 300 kPa (absolute) pressurized air. The maximum difference in the temperatures of hot output and cold output streams was obtained for NCSA = 3 × 3 mm2. The total inlet exergy View the MathML source, total outlet exergy View the MathML source, total lost exergy View the MathML source and exergy efficiency (η, %) were calculated. It was determined that the exergy efficiency of the system, varied between 1% and 39%, and the highest exergy efficiency was obtained for NCSA = 3 × 3 mm2. The exergy efficiency strongly depends on the level of Pi, ξ and vcold. Variation of the exergy efficiency decreased with decreasing Pi, ξ, vcold and the highest and lowest exergy efficiencies were found when the values of Pi, ξ, vcold reached maximum and minimum levels, respectively. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000708
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 963-972
Titre : Modeling of heating and cooling performance of counter flow type vortex tube by using artificial neural network Titre original : Modélisation de la performance en mode chauffage et refroidissement d'un tube vortex à contre-courant à l'aide d'un réseau neuronal artificiel Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fikret Kocabas, Auteur ; Murat Korkmaz, Auteur ; Ugur Sorgucu, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 963-972 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Vortex tube Modelling Neural network Performance Heating Cooling Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : In this study, the effect of the nozzle number and the inlet pressures, which vary from 150 to 700 kPa with 50 kPa increments, on the heating and cooling performance of the counter flow type vortex tube has been modeled with an artificial neural network (ANN) and multi-linear regression (MLR) models by using the experimentally obtained data. In the developed system output parameter temperature gradiant between the cold and hot outlets (ΔT) has been determined using inlet parameters such as the inlet pressure (Pinlet), nozzle number (N), cold mass fraction (μc) and inlet mass flow rate View the MathML source. The back-propagation learning algorithm with variant which is Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) and Sigmoid transfer function have been used in the network. In addition, the statistical validity of the developed model has been determined by using the coefficient of determination (R2), the root means square error (RMSE), and the relative absolute errors (RAE). R2, RMSE and RAE have been determined for ΔT as 0.9989, 0.5016, 0.0540 respectively. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000423 [article] Modeling of heating and cooling performance of counter flow type vortex tube by using artificial neural network = Modélisation de la performance en mode chauffage et refroidissement d'un tube vortex à contre-courant à l'aide d'un réseau neuronal artificiel [texte imprimé] / Fikret Kocabas, Auteur ; Murat Korkmaz, Auteur ; Ugur Sorgucu, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 963-972.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 963-972
Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Vortex tube Modelling Neural network Performance Heating Cooling Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : In this study, the effect of the nozzle number and the inlet pressures, which vary from 150 to 700 kPa with 50 kPa increments, on the heating and cooling performance of the counter flow type vortex tube has been modeled with an artificial neural network (ANN) and multi-linear regression (MLR) models by using the experimentally obtained data. In the developed system output parameter temperature gradiant between the cold and hot outlets (ΔT) has been determined using inlet parameters such as the inlet pressure (Pinlet), nozzle number (N), cold mass fraction (μc) and inlet mass flow rate View the MathML source. The back-propagation learning algorithm with variant which is Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) and Sigmoid transfer function have been used in the network. In addition, the statistical validity of the developed model has been determined by using the coefficient of determination (R2), the root means square error (RMSE), and the relative absolute errors (RAE). R2, RMSE and RAE have been determined for ΔT as 0.9989, 0.5016, 0.0540 respectively. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000423
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 973-981
Titre : Numerical simulation of magnetocaloric system behaviour for an industrial application Titre original : Simulation numérique du comportement d’un système magnétocalorique dans une application industrielle Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Risser, Auteur ; C. Vasile, Auteur ; T. Engel, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 973-981 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Magnetic refrigerator Industrial application Modelling Simulation Heat transfer Energy Flow Fluid Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents a numerical model conceived for a multi-physics evaluation of a magnetic refrigeration system. The model takes into account the variable magnetic field, the characteristics of the magnetocaloric materials (MCM) as well as the efficiency of the fluid flow heat transfer between the hot and the cold sources via the MCM. This model allows us to optimize these elements and to determine their impact on the overall performance of a magnetocaloric device. We present here a finite-difference model of AMRR cycles for a sub-unit of MCM crossed by micro-channels of fluid connected to cold and hot regenerative receivers. Thus, the calculation of the output parameters such as the temperature span, and thermal power passing from the cold receiver to the hot receiver has been performed. The influence of the geometry of the MCM and the fluid flow were investigated over the working domain highlighting the current technological achievements and indicating possible improvements. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014070071000040X [article] Numerical simulation of magnetocaloric system behaviour for an industrial application = Simulation numérique du comportement d’un système magnétocalorique dans une application industrielle [texte imprimé] / M. Risser, Auteur ; C. Vasile, Auteur ; T. Engel, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 973-981.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 973-981
Mots-clés : Magnetic refrigerator Industrial application Modelling Simulation Heat transfer Energy Flow Fluid Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents a numerical model conceived for a multi-physics evaluation of a magnetic refrigeration system. The model takes into account the variable magnetic field, the characteristics of the magnetocaloric materials (MCM) as well as the efficiency of the fluid flow heat transfer between the hot and the cold sources via the MCM. This model allows us to optimize these elements and to determine their impact on the overall performance of a magnetocaloric device. We present here a finite-difference model of AMRR cycles for a sub-unit of MCM crossed by micro-channels of fluid connected to cold and hot regenerative receivers. Thus, the calculation of the output parameters such as the temperature span, and thermal power passing from the cold receiver to the hot receiver has been performed. The influence of the geometry of the MCM and the fluid flow were investigated over the working domain highlighting the current technological achievements and indicating possible improvements. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014070071000040X
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 982-988
Titre : Performance improvement of air-cooled refrigeration system by using evaporatively cooled air condenser Titre original : Amélioration de la performance d'un système frigorifique refroidi par air à l'aide d'un condenseur d'air refroidi par évaporation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : E. Hajidavalloo, Auteur ; H. Eghtedari, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 982-988 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Air conditioning Air conditioner Solid sorption Improvement Coefficient of performance Experiment Water Evaporative cooler Energy saving Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Increasing the coefficient of performance of air conditioner with air-cooled condenser is a challenging problem especially in area with very hot weather conditions. Application of evaporatively cooled air condenser instead of air-cooled condenser is proposed in this paper as an efficient way to solve the problem. An evaporative cooler was built and coupled to the existing air-cooled condenser of a split-air-conditioner in order to measure its effect on the cycle performance under various ambient air temperatures up to 49 °C. Experimental results show that application of evaporatively cooled air condenser has significant effect on the performance improvement of the cycle and the rate of improvement is increased as ambient air temperature increases. It is also found that by using evaporatively cooled air condenser in hot weather conditions, the power consumption can be reduced up to 20% and the coefficient of performance can be improved around 50%. More improvements can be expected if a more efficient evaporative cooler is used. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014070071000037X [article] Performance improvement of air-cooled refrigeration system by using evaporatively cooled air condenser = Amélioration de la performance d'un système frigorifique refroidi par air à l'aide d'un condenseur d'air refroidi par évaporation [texte imprimé] / E. Hajidavalloo, Auteur ; H. Eghtedari, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 982-988.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 982-988
Mots-clés : Air conditioning Air conditioner Solid sorption Improvement Coefficient of performance Experiment Water Evaporative cooler Energy saving Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Increasing the coefficient of performance of air conditioner with air-cooled condenser is a challenging problem especially in area with very hot weather conditions. Application of evaporatively cooled air condenser instead of air-cooled condenser is proposed in this paper as an efficient way to solve the problem. An evaporative cooler was built and coupled to the existing air-cooled condenser of a split-air-conditioner in order to measure its effect on the cycle performance under various ambient air temperatures up to 49 °C. Experimental results show that application of evaporatively cooled air condenser has significant effect on the performance improvement of the cycle and the rate of improvement is increased as ambient air temperature increases. It is also found that by using evaporatively cooled air condenser in hot weather conditions, the power consumption can be reduced up to 20% and the coefficient of performance can be improved around 50%. More improvements can be expected if a more efficient evaporative cooler is used. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014070071000037X
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 989-994
Titre : Economy of replacing a refrigerant in a cooling system for preparing chilled water Titre original : Remplacement du frigorigène dans un système utilisé pour préparer de l'eau glacée : impact financier Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : B. Kulcar, Auteur ; D. Goricanec, Auteur ; J. Krope, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 989-994 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Industrial application Production Chilled water Conversion Refrigerant R22 R407C Calculation Energy consumption Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Due to the negative impact of refrigerants containing Cl and Br on the ozone layer, these refrigerants are being replaced with refrigerants containing fluorine. The article describes the replacing of refrigerant R22 in a cooling system for preparing chilled water, used for cooling reactors producing phenol–formaldehyde resins. After analyzing the existing state and the capabilities of the cooling system, the refrigerant R22 was replaced with refrigerant R407C. For both refrigerants a calculation of the cooling system has been made, the results of which are given in the form of diagrams depending on the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant. Profitability evaluation of replacing a refrigerant was carried out using the method of the net present value (NPV), the coefficient of profitability and the period of time in which the investment is going to return itself. Also the calculations of the savings of electrical energy needed for the running of the compressors and the price of chilled water have been done, using the method of internal profitability level (IPL). DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000393 [article] Economy of replacing a refrigerant in a cooling system for preparing chilled water = Remplacement du frigorigène dans un système utilisé pour préparer de l'eau glacée : impact financier [texte imprimé] / B. Kulcar, Auteur ; D. Goricanec, Auteur ; J. Krope, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 989-994.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 989-994
Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Industrial application Production Chilled water Conversion Refrigerant R22 R407C Calculation Energy consumption Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : Due to the negative impact of refrigerants containing Cl and Br on the ozone layer, these refrigerants are being replaced with refrigerants containing fluorine. The article describes the replacing of refrigerant R22 in a cooling system for preparing chilled water, used for cooling reactors producing phenol–formaldehyde resins. After analyzing the existing state and the capabilities of the cooling system, the refrigerant R22 was replaced with refrigerant R407C. For both refrigerants a calculation of the cooling system has been made, the results of which are given in the form of diagrams depending on the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant. Profitability evaluation of replacing a refrigerant was carried out using the method of the net present value (NPV), the coefficient of profitability and the period of time in which the investment is going to return itself. Also the calculations of the savings of electrical energy needed for the running of the compressors and the price of chilled water have been done, using the method of internal profitability level (IPL). DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000393
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 995-1005
Titre : Exergoeconomic analysis of an underground air tunnel system for greenhouse cooling system Titre original : Analyse exergétique et économique d’un système de tunnel souterrain utilisé pour refroidir des serres Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Onder Ozgener, Auteur ; Leyla Ozgener, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 995-1005 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ventilation Greenhouse Natural cooling Heat exchanger Energy Exergy Energy recovery Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper investigates some exergoeconomic parameters for an underground air tunnel system based upon some operating conditions. The ratio of exergy loss rate to capital cost (Rex) changes between 0.052 and 0.552. The total exergy losses values are obtained to be from 0.26 kW to 2.50 kW for the system. The daily average maximum cooling coefficient of performances (COP) values for the system are also obtained to be 11.96 for experimental period, while the total average COP is found to be 5.89. The overall exergy efficiency value for the system on a product/fuel basis is found to be 56.9%. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000447 [article] Exergoeconomic analysis of an underground air tunnel system for greenhouse cooling system = Analyse exergétique et économique d’un système de tunnel souterrain utilisé pour refroidir des serres [texte imprimé] / Onder Ozgener, Auteur ; Leyla Ozgener, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 995-1005.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 995-1005
Mots-clés : Ventilation Greenhouse Natural cooling Heat exchanger Energy Exergy Energy recovery Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper investigates some exergoeconomic parameters for an underground air tunnel system based upon some operating conditions. The ratio of exergy loss rate to capital cost (Rex) changes between 0.052 and 0.552. The total exergy losses values are obtained to be from 0.26 kW to 2.50 kW for the system. The daily average maximum cooling coefficient of performances (COP) values for the system are also obtained to be 11.96 for experimental period, while the total average COP is found to be 5.89. The overall exergy efficiency value for the system on a product/fuel basis is found to be 56.9%. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000447
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 1006-1014
Titre : An experimental study of the correlation for predicting the frost height in applying the photoelectric technology Titre original : Etude expérimentale sur la corrélation de la prévision de l'accumulation de givre dans l'application de la technologie photoélectrique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Xiao, Auteur ; Wang, W., Auteur ; Q.C. Guo, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 1006-1014 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Heat exchanger Finned tube Experiment Measurement Frost formation Sensor-infrared Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : It is found that the photoelectric technology is suitable for the accurate measurement of the frost height. The objectives of this paper are to experimentally investigate the correspondence between the output signal of the photoelectric sensor and the frost height, and then develop a generalized correlation to predict the frost height directly and accurately. The experiments are conducted in a wide range of operating conditions for air temperature 17.7 °C–27.2 °C, relative humidity 21.6% RH to 64.9% RH, air velocity 0.5 m/s to 4.5 m/s and cold surface temperature −10.5 °C to −6.5 °C. Based on 21 groups of experiments with total 600 data, a linear correlation with a relative deviation of ±10% is setup. Further validation of this correlation is conducted by comparing the predicted results with 4 additional experiments, and approximately 95% of the predicted frost heights are consistent with the measured data within a relative deviation of ±10%. These results indicate that the photoelectric technology can predict the frost height directly. The application of the proposed correlation to provide defrost control strategy is also discussed in this paper. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000484 [article] An experimental study of the correlation for predicting the frost height in applying the photoelectric technology = Etude expérimentale sur la corrélation de la prévision de l'accumulation de givre dans l'application de la technologie photoélectrique [texte imprimé] / J. Xiao, Auteur ; Wang, W., Auteur ; Q.C. Guo, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 1006-1014.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 1006-1014
Mots-clés : Refrigeration system Heat exchanger Finned tube Experiment Measurement Frost formation Sensor-infrared Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : It is found that the photoelectric technology is suitable for the accurate measurement of the frost height. The objectives of this paper are to experimentally investigate the correspondence between the output signal of the photoelectric sensor and the frost height, and then develop a generalized correlation to predict the frost height directly and accurately. The experiments are conducted in a wide range of operating conditions for air temperature 17.7 °C–27.2 °C, relative humidity 21.6% RH to 64.9% RH, air velocity 0.5 m/s to 4.5 m/s and cold surface temperature −10.5 °C to −6.5 °C. Based on 21 groups of experiments with total 600 data, a linear correlation with a relative deviation of ±10% is setup. Further validation of this correlation is conducted by comparing the predicted results with 4 additional experiments, and approximately 95% of the predicted frost heights are consistent with the measured data within a relative deviation of ±10%. These results indicate that the photoelectric technology can predict the frost height directly. The application of the proposed correlation to provide defrost control strategy is also discussed in this paper. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000484
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 1015-1025
Titre : Numerical simulation of temperature and velocity in a refrigerated warehouse Titre original : Simulation numérique de la température et la vitesse de l'air dans un entrepôt frigorifique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Son H. Ho, Auteur ; Luis Rosario, Auteur ; Muhammad M. Rahman, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 1015-1025 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Refrigerated warehouse Modelling Numerical simulation Distribution Velocity Air–temperature Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents air velocity and temperature distribution in a refrigerated warehouse. The refrigerated space under study has a set of ceiling-type cooling units installed in front of the arrays of stacks of palletized product packages. Numerical solutions of the steady-state airflow and heat transfer were done using a complete three-dimensional model and an equivalent two-dimensional model. The results obtained from both models were found to be in good agreement with each other. A parametric analysis was performed using the equivalent model with various values of blowing air velocity and locations of the cooling units. It was found that a better cooling effectiveness and uniformity of temperature in the refrigerated space could be achieved by using higher blowing air velocity and/or locating the cooling units lower and closer toward the arrays of product packages. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000460 [article] Numerical simulation of temperature and velocity in a refrigerated warehouse = Simulation numérique de la température et la vitesse de l'air dans un entrepôt frigorifique [texte imprimé] / Son H. Ho, Auteur ; Luis Rosario, Auteur ; Muhammad M. Rahman, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 1015-1025.
Génie Mécanique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 33 N° 5 (Août 2010) . - pp. 1015-1025
Mots-clés : Refrigerated warehouse Modelling Numerical simulation Distribution Velocity Air–temperature Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents air velocity and temperature distribution in a refrigerated warehouse. The refrigerated space under study has a set of ceiling-type cooling units installed in front of the arrays of stacks of palletized product packages. Numerical solutions of the steady-state airflow and heat transfer were done using a complete three-dimensional model and an equivalent two-dimensional model. The results obtained from both models were found to be in good agreement with each other. A parametric analysis was performed using the equivalent model with various values of blowing air velocity and locations of the cooling units. It was found that a better cooling effectiveness and uniformity of temperature in the refrigerated space could be achieved by using higher blowing air velocity and/or locating the cooling units lower and closer toward the arrays of product packages. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710000460
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