Catalogue en ligne Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3501–3503

Titre :	Reply to “comments on ‘demonstration of a process for the conversion of kraft lignin into vanillin and methyl vanillate by acidic oxidation in aqueous methanol’”
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Voitl, Tobias, Auteur ; von Rohr, Philipp Rudolf, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3501–3503
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Demonstration Kraft Lignin Vanillin Methyl Vanillate Acidic Oxidation Aqueous Methanol
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100313f

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3500–3500

Titre :	Comments on “demonstration of a process for the conversion of kraft lignin into vanillin and Methyl vanillate by acidic oxidation in aqueous methanol”
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Alirio E. Rodrigues, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3500–3500
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Demonstration Kraft Lignin Vanillin and Methyl Vanillate Acidic Oxidation in Aqueous Methanol
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100120x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3499–3499

Titre :	Rebuttal to “comments on ‘heterogeneous nucleation rate of calcium carbonate derived from induction period’”
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Wen-Chen Chien, Auteur ; Clifford Y. Tai, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3499–3499
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Rebuttal Heterogeneous Nucleation Calcium Carbonate
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie1002697

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3496–3498

Titre :	Comments on “heterogeneous nucleation rate of calcium carbonate derived from induction period”
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Lie-Ding Shiau, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3496–3498
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Heterogeneous Nucleation Rate Calcium Carbonate Induction
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901938d

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3492–3495

Titre :	Relationships between the properties of families of materials
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Brian K. Peterson, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3492–3495
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Families Materials Relationships Properties
Résumé :	A general and useful regularity exists between the properties of families of chemical species: the properties of the members of one family are shown to be simply, and approximately linearly, related to the properties of analogous materials in similar families. As examples, the phenomenon is shown to enable accurate predictive correlations from small amounts of data for the liquid/vapor critical temperatures of several families of organic molecules and for the normal boiling temperatures of SF5- and CF3-containing compounds.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901721w

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3485–3491

Titre :	Group contribution correlation for aqueous solubilities of solid aromatics, heterocycles, and diamondoids over a 200 K temperature interval
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pavel Karásek, Auteur ; Josef Planeta, Auteur ; Michal Roth, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3485–3491
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Résumé :	A recent group contribution correlation for solubilities of solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocycles [Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2008, 47, 620] in pressurized hot water (PHW) has been extended by including new solubility data for solid aromatic carbonyl compounds and lower diamondoid hydrocarbons. The model provides a relatively reasonable reproduction of experimental solubilities in PHW over a 200 K temperature interval and a fair prediction of low-pressure aqueous solubilities of organic nonelectrolyte solids at 298 K or below. The individual group contributions provide insight into how the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of a group varies with temperature.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901348d

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3479–3484

Titre :	Effect of water-mediated arylation time on the properties of soy protein films
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Kumar, Rakesh, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3479–3484
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Water-Mediated Arylation Properties Soy Protein Films
Résumé :	In situ and dip coating methods were used to prepare arylated soy protein films designated as ISP and DSP, respectively. ISP and DSP protein films were arylated with 2,2-diphenyl-2-hydroxyethanoic acid, in the presence of water, at different time intervals to impart the hydrophobicity in the protein films. DSP and ISP series films suffered a dramatic loss of mechanical properties with the increase in arylation time. Morphological characterization of the soy protein films arylated at different time intervals was done by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the increase in arylation time leads to the clustering of the hydrophobic units, through hydrophobic interactions, resulting in the hydrophobic collapse. Hydrophobic collapse in the arylated protein films showed significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the protein films. However, the water uptake of these protein films was independent of the arylation time. The immediate implications of these experimental results are related to the promising use of water-mediated arylated soy proteins as films and composites.
ISSN :	0885-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901930g

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3474–3478

Titre :	Achievement of a homogeneous phase in ternary ionic liquid/carbon dioxide/organic systems
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Maaike C. Kroon, Auteur ; Louw J. Florusse, Auteur ; Eliane Kühne, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3474–3478
Note générale :	Industrial Chemstry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Homogeneous Ternary Ionic Liquid Carbon Dioxide Organic
Résumé :	A few years ago, it was found that carbon dioxide (CO2) is able to induce in ternary ionic liquid (IL) + organic systems, a “two-phase (L + V)−three-phase (L1 + L2 + V)−two-phase (L1 + L2)” transition by pressure increase. In the two liquid phase region (L1 + L2), one of the phases did not contain any IL. Therefore, the organic compound could be separated from the IL at increased CO2 pressure without any IL contamination. However, the occurrence of a homogeneous phase by further pressure increase, a so-called L1 + L2 → L transition, in the same systems was never observed before. Here, we demonstrate that in addition a third phase transition is possible upon further CO2 pressure increase, where the two liquid phases (L1 + L2) can be forced to form one homogeneous liquid phase (L). This phenomenon has promising implications for reactions and separations in systems using ILs.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901405p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3469–3473

Titre :	Molecular simulation prediction of sound velocity for a binary mixture near miscible conditions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Babak Fazelabdolabadi, Auteur ; Alireza Bahramian, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3469–3473
Note générale :	Industial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Molecular Simulation Prediction Sound Mixture Binary near
Résumé :	The speed of sound was computed via Monte Carlo simulation for a binary mixture of methane and n-butane in the subcritical, near-critical, and supercritical regions at the temperature of 311 K. The technique encompasses a sequential implementation of the isobaric−isothermal and canonical ensembles in a simulation box, in which the (residual) thermodynamic derivative properties are evaluated via the fluctuation method [Escobedo, F. A. J. Chem. Phys. 1998, 108, 8761] during the Monte Carlo moves. A united atom Lennard-Jones potential with parameters proposed by Möller et al. [Möller, D. et al. Mol. Phys. 1992, 75, 363] was chosen to represent methane. In case of n-butane, we employed an optimized anisotropic united atom intermolecular Lennard-Jones description of Ungerer et al. [Ungerer, P. et al. J. Chem. Phys., 2000, 112, 5499]. In decent agreement with the experiment, we find the technique to provide reasonably quantitative estimates for the speed of sound in the thermodynamic regions studied.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901422a

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3459–3468

Titre :	Effect of bed thickness on the segregation behavior of particle mixtures in a gas fluidized bed
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Y. Q. Feng, Auteur ; A. B. Yu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3459–3468
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Bed Thickness Particle Mixtures Gas Fluidized
Résumé :	Discrete particle simulation has been recognized as a useful numerical technique to elucidate the fundamentals of particle−fluid flow, in particular, gas fluidization. In general, it is achieved by combining discrete element method (DEM) for solid flow with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for continuum gas. Limited by computational capability, such studies are mainly conducted using a two-dimensional (2D) bed in which particles are treated as discs or a pseudo-three-dimensional (3D) bed where the bed thickness is the same as the particle diameter. The loss of one-dimensional motion may significantly affect the flow and related behavior. This paper presents a numerical study of the effect of the front and rear walls of a fluidized bed on the mixing and segregation behavior of particle mixtures. Particle diameters used for simulation are 1 mm for flotsam and 2 mm for jetsam, respectively. Numerical simulations are conducted for two beds of different thicknesses, fluidized at different gas velocities. One, referred to as the 2D case, shows the bed thickness is 1.1 times the thickness of the particle diameter of jetsam with the front and rear walls supporting the particles; the other, referred to as the 3D case, shows the bed thickness is 4.05 times the particle diameter of jetsam with the application of periodical boundary conditions to the front and rear walls which simulate the 3D motion of particles in the bed. Comparison conducted in terms of solid flow patterns shows that both 2D and 3D simulations can capture the key features of the mixing/segregation process, but the transient segregation occurs at different velocity ranges. Further comparison is conducted on the basis of microdynamic variables, such as mixing kinetics, interactions between particles and fluid, and between particles, and particle contact numbers. These quantitative comparisons demonstrate a significant difference between 2D and 3D simulations, which indicates the necessity of 3D simulation for engineering application.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901478a

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3452–3458

Titre :	Phase equilibria of ester + alcohol systems and their description with the cubic-plus-association equation of state
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Mariana B. Oliveira, Auteur ; Sofia I. Miguel, Auteur ; António J. Queimada, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3452–3458
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Equilibria Ester Alcohol Cubic-Plus
Résumé :	The knowledge and the capability to describe the phase equilibria of binary systems formed by a fatty acid ester and an alcohol are of great interest in biodiesel production, where these mixtures can be found after the transesterification unit and where they must be separated to purify the biodiesel stream and to recover the unreacted alcohol. Despite this interest, little information is available on the vapor−liquid equilibria (VLE) of fatty acid ester + alcohol systems. To overcome this lack of data, new VLE measurements of six ester + methanol/ethanol systems were carried at atmospheric pressure. This new experimental data was successfully modeled with the Cubic-Plus-Association equation of state (CPA EoS), with global average deviations of 0.5% for the bubble-point temperatures. In all cases small and temperature independent parameters were enough to adequately describe the measured data. Furthermore a constant value for the cross-association energy parameter was proposed for each alcohol system, as well as a linear correlation for the binary interaction parameter with the ester chain length, making the CPA EoS a powerful predictive model for these systems.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901470s

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3442–3451

Titre :	One-group reduced population balance model for CFD simulation of a pilot-plant extraction column
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Christian Drumm, Auteur ; Menwer Attarakih, Auteur ; Mark W. Hlawitschka, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3442–3451
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Population Reduced Balance CFD Simulation
Résumé :	In this work, a one-group reduced population balance model based on the one primary and one secondary particle method (OPOSPM) developed recently by Attarakih et al. (In Proceedings of the 19th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, ESCAPE-19, Cracow, Poland, June 14−17, 2009; Jezowski, J., Thullie, J., Eds.; Elsevier: New York, 2009; ISBN-13: 978-0-444-53433-0) is implemented in the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT 6.3 for solving the population balance equation in a combined CFD−population balance model (PBM). The one-group reduced population balance conserves the total number (N) and volume (α) concentrations of the population by directly solving two transport equations for N and α and provides a one-quadrature point for closing the unclosed integrals in the population balance equation. Unlike the published two-equation models, the present method offers accuracy improvement and internal consistency (with respect to the continuous population balance equation) by increasing the number of primary particles (sections). The one-group reduced population balance provides the possibility of a one-equation model for the solution of the PBM in CFD based on the mathematically consistent d30 instead of the classical d32 mean droplet diameter. Droplet breakage and coalescence are considered in the PBM, which is coupled to the fluid dynamics in order to describe real droplet behavior in a stirred liquid−liquid extraction column. As a case study, a full pilot-plant extraction column of a rotating disk contactor (RDC) type consisting of 50 compartments was simulated with the new model. The predicted results for the mean droplet diameter and the dispersed-phase volume fraction (holdup) agree well with literature data. The results show that the new CFD−PBM model is very efficient from a computational point of view (a factor of 2 less than the QMOM and a factor of 5 less than the method of classes). This is because the one-group reduced population balance requires the solution of only one equation (the total number concentration) when coupled to the CFD solver. It is therefore suitable for fast and efficient simulations of small-scale devices and even large-scale industrial processes.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901411e

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3433–3441

Titre :	A sensitivity study of the two-fluid model closure parameters (β, e) determining the main gas−solid flow pattern characteristics
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yuefa Wang, Auteur ; Zhongxi Chao, Auteur ; Hugo A. Jakobsen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3433–3441
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Sensitivity Two-Fluid Model Closure Parameters Main Gas−Solid Flow (β, e)
Résumé :	The closures determining the interactions of particle−particle and gas−particle are very important for gas−solid flow. A three-dimensional two-fluid modeling approach with the kinetic theory of granular flow is used to simulate the hydrodynamic behaviors of a bubbling fluidized bed and a circulating fluidized bed. The influences of the coefficient of restitution and the drag model on the flow pattern are studied. The simulation results for bubbling beds are compared with the experimental results of Lin et al.(1) It is found that the coefficient of restitution has strong influence on the flow pattern of the particle phase in bubbling beds. A relationship between the coefficient of restitution and the superficial inlet velocity is correlated. The effects of restitution coefficient on the distribution of solid phase in the circulating fluidized beds were also studied. In this case, the influence of the coefficient of restitution is weaker than for bubbling fluidized beds.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901314u

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3424–3432

Titre :	Predicting the morphology and viscosity of microemulsions using the HLD-NAC model
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sumit K. Kiran, Auteur ; Edgar J. Acosta, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3424–3432
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Morphology Viscosity Microemulsions HLD-NAC
Résumé :	This work focuses on extending the HLD-NAC model to help predict the shape and viscosity of SDHS−toluene−water microemulsions from readily available formulation parameters. To do so, a new shape-based NAC model was introduced which relates the net and average curvatures to the length and radius of microemulsion droplets possessing a hypothesized cylindrical core with hemispherical end caps. Knowing the shape of these droplets, theoretical scattering profiles and maximum hydrodynamic radii were predicted. Furthermore, considering the predicted volume fraction of the dispersed droplets alongside the shape allows for the accurate prediction of the microemulsion viscosity. It was found that treating the microemulsion phase as a dilute suspension of rigid rods yielded predicted viscosities close to the experimental values near the bicontinuous phase transition limits. These correlations were further extended to published experimental data with regard to the viscosities of nonionic surfactant systems. The predicted microemulsion morphology and viscosity may be useful in the design of formulations for nanoparticle synthesis, enhanced oil recovery, and various environmental remediation technologies.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9013106

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3411–3423

Titre :	Self-diffusivity estimation by molecular dynamics
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Z. Nevin Gerek, Auteur ; J. Richard Elliott, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3411–3423
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Self-Diffusivity Molecular Dynamics
Résumé :	Reference fluid simulations are combined with a mean field correction for attractive effects to achieve a correlation for diffusivity of unentangled species over a wide range of density, temperature, and molecular weight. Reference fluids are composed of hard united atom descriptions including branching, rings, bond angles, and chain length. The molecular model is consistent with the one studied previously by thermodynamic perturbation theory. Molecular simulations of methane through triacontane provide the basis for a diffusivity correlation of reference n-alkanes from zero density to the glass transition. The low density limit is shown to exhibit Rouse scaling, contradicting typical hard sphere models. Experimental data for n-alkanes ranging from methane to hexadecane are used to correlate the correction for attractive forces and for the softness of the potential function. The average deviation is 8.6% for 657 data points. Reference simulations of nonalkanes show that the reference simulations can be interpolated smoothly with the n-alkane correlation by treating the effective chain length as an adjustable parameter. Applying the corresponding alkane mean field correction for attractive forces results in poor predictions for nonalkanes. The attractive energy must be treated as a single adjustable parameter to achieve reasonable accuracy. Existing correlations require two parameters to achieve comparable accuracy, and the physical meaning of the two parameters is difficult to interpret. A correlation between diffusivity and entropy suggested by Rosenfeld is shown to be problematic for chain molecules. Overall, diffusivity data are treated for 35 compounds with 1801 data points with 14% deviation by the correlation developed here.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901247k

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3403–3410

Titre :	Solubility and micronization of griseofulvin in subcritical water
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Adam G. Carr, Auteur ; Raffaella Mammucari, Auteur ; Neil R. Foster, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3403–3410
Note générale :	Industrial Chemstry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Solubility Micronization Griseofulvin Subcritical Water
Résumé :	The technology developed in this work takes advantage of the temperature-sensitive dielectric constant of water to micronize hydrophobic compounds. At elevated temperatures subcritical water (SBCW) is a good solvent for nonpolar compounds, while at ordinary temperatures it behaves as an antisolvent. The solubility of the model compound griseofulvin in SBCW was determined at 70 bar and temperatures between 130 and 170 °C. In this work griseofulvin was dissolved in subcritical water. The resulting subcritical solution was then injected into water at room temperature to rapidly quench the temperature and trigger precipitation of the solute. The resulting particle morphology was markedly dependent on operating conditions such as temperature and concentration of the subcritical solution. It was possible to generate microparticles of griseofulvin with controllable morphologies. The process is rapid and does not involve the use of organic solvents.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901189r

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3391–3402

Titre :	Effect of deposition geometry on multiphase flow of wells producing asphaltenic and waxy oil mixtures
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Edgar Ramirez-Jaramillo, Auteur ; Jose M. del Rio, Auteur ; Octavio Manero, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3391–3402
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Deposition Geometry Flow Wells Producing Asphaltenic Waxy Oil Mixtures
Résumé :	Heavy organic deposition (asphaltenes, waxes, hydrates, etc.) on the wall of oil pipelines is often regarded as a serious problem due to technical and economic implications. Because the asphaltene deposition causes an effective reduction of the cross section of the pipes, it is important to study the effect of this reduction on the most important hydrodynamic parameters of a well, such as pressure drops, flow regimes, and inflow performance behavior, just to mention a few. To address the role of reductions to the flow of hydrocarbons in vertical pipe systems, we present a compositional flow model that accounts for reductions to the flow of a produced hydrocarbon mixture. In this work, we study producing wells (“A” and “B”) located in southeast of Mexico. In the case of well A, we show the results of an asphaltene deposition simulation and the total pressure drop as a function of time along the pipeline, while for well B, we show the results obtained for the total pressure drop as a function of the different artificial reductions along the well.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901134j

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3386–3390

Titre :	Antifouling paints with zinc “tannate”
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Natalia Bellotti, Auteur ; Cecilia Deyá, Auteur ; Beatriz del Amo, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3386–3390
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Antifouling Paints with Zinc Tannate
Résumé :	During the past decade, the necessity of new ecofriendly antifouling pigments was established. Among these new pigments, special attention should be paid to tannin and its derivatives. Tannins are synthesized by plants as part of their defense mechanism against the attack of pathogens. The objective of this work was to study the antifouling efficiency of paints containing zinc “tannate” in artificial seawater. The zinc “tannate” was precipitated at pH 4 and pH 8. Insoluble and soluble matrix antifouling paints, with different plasticizers, were formulated and tannins leached from the paints immersed in artificial seawater were determined by the Folin−Denis assay for polyphenols. The antifouling action of paints was assessed in a natural seawater environment. The results showed that the leaching rate of tannin from insoluble matrix paint decreases, reaching a constant value after 25 days of immersion. In the case of the soluble matrix paints, a lesser amount of tannin was leached, depending on the tannin and the plasticizer employed. The results in a natural sea environment are dependent on the matrix and the plasticizer employed.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9010518

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3374–3385

Titre :	Novel equation for the prediction of rheological parameters of drilling fluids in an annulus
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M. Nasiri, Auteur ; S. N. Ashrafizadeh, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3374–3385
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Novel Equation Prediction Rheological Drilling Fluids Annulus
Résumé :	Several well-known correlations such as the Bingham-plastic, power-law, and Herschel−Bulkley models have been used so far to determine the rheological parameters of drilling fluids. For some particular fluids, however, even a three-parameter model such as Herschel−Bulkley does not exhibit appropriate behavior. On the other hand, determination of the rheological parameters by numerical methods such as nonlinear regression may provide meaningless values, i.e. negative yield stresses. This is particularly notable in determination of yield stress, which identifies the capacity of the drilling fluid to carry the cuttings. In this work, a new equation has been developed which is capable of determining the rheological parameters and, more particularly, the yield stress of drilling fluids. It is demonstrated that the developed correlation improves the prediction of the rheological parameters of the fluids by including a logarithmic term. The velocity profiles and pressure drop values obtained for several drilling fluids in an annulus geometry exhibit the suitability of this novel equation in comparison with the previously mentioned equations.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9009233

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3365–3373

Titre :	Dynamic simulation of continuous-contact separation processes with the moment transformation method
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jonas Roininen, Auteur ; Ville Alopaeus, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3365–3373
Note générale :	Idustrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Dynamic Simulation Separation Moment Transformation Contact
Résumé :	A model for the simulation of continuous-contact separation processes, based on heat and energy balances, multicomponent mass transfer, and chemical engineering correlations for mass and heat transfer coefficients and liquid holdup is developed and solved with the moment transformation method. Polynomials are used to approximate the concentration and flow rate profiles within the packing. The moment transformation method is used to transform the partial differential equations into a system of differential-algebraic equations that is solved with Newton’s method. The model can be used for both steady-state and dynamic simulation, and it can also be used for systems with axial dispersion. The features of the model are demonstrated with an example of ternary distillation.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901572a

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3349–3364

Titre :	A simplified scheme of externally heat-integrated double distillation columns (EHIDDiC) with three external heat exchangers
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yun Wang, Auteur ; Kejin Huang, Auteur ; Shaofeng Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3349–3364
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Scheme Columns Heat Integrated Distillation ColumnDiC Heat Exchangers
Résumé :	A simplified scheme of the externally heat-integrated double distillation columns (EHIDDiC), termed SEHIDDiC in this paper, is proposed and studied. Only three external heat exchangers are used to approximate the external heat integration between the rectifying section of the high-pressure distillation column and the stripping section of the low-pressure distillation column. The locations and sizes of the three external heat exchangers are key decision variables and should be considered deliberately to maximize thermodynamic efficiency in process development. A sequential procedure is thus derived for process synthesis and design, and the SEHIDDiC is then evaluated through intensive comparison with conventional distillation columns and the EHIDDiC in terms of the separation of C2 and benzene/toluene binary mixtures. The results obtained indicate that the SEHIDDiC could be an excellent candidate to approximate the EHIDDiC with even a greater reduction in utility consumption and a lesser extent of capital investment. The SEHIDDiC offers essentially a much simple way to design and implement the concept of the EHIDDiC in separation processes.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901534q

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3342–3348

Titre :	Remediation of soils contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons : extraction with supercritical ethane
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Marco Antonio Ávila-Chávez, Auteur ; Arturo Trejo, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3342–3348
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Soils Contaminated Remediation Petroleum Hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Supercritical Ethane
Résumé :	In this work two natural certified soils were extracted with supercritical ethane. One sample was polluted with total petroleum hydrocarbons (THP−soil) and the second one with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH−soil). The extraction studies were carried out using a high-pressure experimental device constructed in our laboratory. The extraction conditions for the TPH−soil were 27.1 MPa and 308.15 K, whereas those for the PAH−soil were 23.7 MPa and 308.15 K. Four independent extractions were performed on each test soil varying the volume of solvent: 10, 20, 30, and 40 L. Infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify the hydrocarbons in the residues after supercritical extraction of the TPH−soil, whereas high-performance liquid chromatography was employed, with a photodiode array detector and a fluorescence detector, to analyze seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the residues after supercritical extraction of the PAH−soil. The extraction results show that there is a reduction of hydrocarbons of 76% using 10 L of ethane while the reduction is 90% using 40 L of ethane for the TPH−soil sample. For the sample of PAH−soil there is a reduction greater than 80% for the concentration of six of the seven PAHs studied. Naphthalene behaves as a refractory compound; hence, it presents the lowest reduction in concentration.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901502c

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3337–3341

Titre :	Integrated membrane process for the treatment of desulfurization wastewate
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Na Yin, Auteur ; Fei Liu, Auteur ; Zhaoxiang Zhong, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3337–3341
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Integrated Membrane Desulfurization Wastewate
Résumé :	In the desulfurization process for purification of coking gas, a huge amount of wastewater is generated. In order to recover the usable substances such as suspended sulfur (SS) and ammonium salts, e.g., (NH4)2S2O3 and NH4SCN, in the wastewater and also to avoid severe environmental problems in the case of improper disposal, an integrated membrane process mainly consisting of ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) was proposed to treat the wastewater. In the UF process, a ceramic membrane was employed to remove SS and an efficiency of 99.9% and a steady flux of about 500 L·m−2·h−1 were achieved. In the NF step, (NH4)2S2O3 was separated from NH4SCN with a retention ratio of 95.0%, and finally 83.0% of (NH4)2S2O3 was recovered in the retentate, whereas 99.2% of NH4SCN was recovered in the permeate via dialysis with deionized water. In the RO process, NH4SCN can be recovered with an efficiency of 99.0% through a four-pass filtration process. Meanwhile, the RO permeate can be reused in the salt diafiltration process. The results show that the proposed integrated membrane process is technically feasible and economically efficient for the treatment of desulfurization wastewater generated in the coking industry.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901267q

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3328–3336

Titre :	Temperature dependence of the nonequilibrium kinetic model that describes the adsorption and desorption behavior of CO2 in K-promoted HTlc
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hai Du, Auteur ; Armin D. Ebner, Auteur ; James A. Ritter, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3328–3336
Note générale :	Industrial Chemestry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Temperature Kinetic Nonequilibrium Mod Behavior CO2 K-Promoted HTlc
Résumé :	A nonequilibrium kinetic model developed previously by the authors to describe the reversible adsorption and desorption behavior of CO2 in a K-promoted hydrotalcite-like compound (HTlc) was extended to account for temperature effects. This model involves three steps and four phases that reversibly undergo adsorption or reaction with CO2 in the structure. The model parameters were obtained by fitting it to experimental adsorption and desorption cycling data carried out with in-house-synthesized K-promoted HTlc at 11 temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C. A single adsorption (in CO2 at 1 atm) and desorption (in He at 1 atm) cycle having a 700 min half-cycle time was obtained at each temperature and fitted successfully to the model. Then, using the same set of parameters, the model was used to successfully predict similar shorter cycle time experiments carried out with a 60 min half-cycle time for eight cycles at each temperature. For both the long and short cycle time data, the model captured all three kinetic regimes, the absolute CO2 capacity, the CO2 working capacity, the periodic behavior, and their temperature dependence. The deviations that did occur between the model and experiments were generally due to irreversible losses observed with the short cycle time runs at 480 and 500 °C that could not be predicted by the model; they were thus considered to be inconsequential. Both the model and experiments showed that temperature played an important role, with optimum temperatures being in the 380−420 °C range. Overall, this new model further validated that CO2 uptake and release in K-promoted HTlc is associated with a combination of completely reversible adsorption, diffusion, and reaction phenomena, through a three-step, four-phase process that has a strong temperature dependence.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901210y

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3316–3327

Titre :	Improvement of para-xylene SMB process performance on an industrial scale
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Young-Il Lim, Auteur ; Jinsuk Lee, Auteur ; Suresh K. Bhatia, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3316–3327
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	para-Xylene SMB Industrial
Résumé :	Dead volume classified as bed head, bed tail, and bed line affects the purity and recovery in industrial-scale simulated-moving-bed (SMB) processes. Considering the three types of dead volume, the operation strategies for four, seven, and eight zones are presented for an industrial-scale para-xylene (PX) SMB process, and their performances are compared in terms of purity, recovery, and dilution. The dead volume is treated by a Courant−Friedrichs−Lewy- (CFL-) number-insensitive method of characteristics (MOC). An extended node model integrating the dead volumes has been developed and solved by using the MOC. Seven-zone operation including line and secondary flushes enhances the purity, while keeping almost the same recovery as achieved with four-zone operation. The secondary flush introducing pure PX reduces the dilution of the extract. Eight-zone operation with both a secondary flush introducing pure PX and a tertiary flush-out shows high productivity with low dilution and over 99.7% purity.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901097z

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3306–3315

Titre :	Robust optimal design with consideration of robust eigenvalue assignment
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	XinJiang Lu, Auteur ; Han-Xiong, Li, Auteur ; C. L. Philip Chen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3306–3315
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Robust Consideration Considbust Eigenvalue Assignment
Résumé :	In this paper, a novel robust design method is proposed for the process design under uncertainty. The key idea is to integrate the robust optimal design with the robust eigenvalue assignment to design the process with the desirable steady-state design performance and the satisfactory dynamic performance. The robust optimal design is developed to achieve the desirable steady-state design performance through minimizing the steady-state objective function and its variation caused by uncertainty. The robust eigenvalue assignment is proposed to maintain the system eigenvalues in the desirable domain and make these eigenvalues less sensitive to uncertainty so that the system has the satisfactory dynamic response. The particle swarm optimization is proposed to solve the nonconvex and nondifferential integration problem. Finally, a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) example is applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed integration method.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901501x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3295–3305

Titre :	Decomposition based stochastic programming approach for polygeneration energy systems design under uncertainty
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pei Liu, Auteur ; Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Auteur ; Li, Zheng, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3295–3305
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Stochastic Programming Polygeneration Energy Systems under Uncertainty
Résumé :	Polygeneration, a multi-input multioutput energy conversion process which typically involves the coproduction of electricity and liquid synthetic fuels, is a promising technology which offers real potential toward the reduction of excessive energy consumption and consequent greenhouse gas emissions. The optimal design of such a complex and nonlinear process system under inevitable and unpredictable future uncertainty poses great challenges in terms of both modeling and corresponding solution strategies. In this paper, we propose a stochastic programming framework for the optimal design under uncertainty of polygeneration energy systems. On the basis of a detailed mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model, proposed in our previous work, a two-stage stochastic programming problem is formulated, which is then converted into a large-scale multiperiod MINLP problem by employing cubature based integration and sampling techniques. A decomposition algorithm is utilized for the efficient solution of the multiperiod problem, which involves iterations between a set of nonlinear subproblems of much smaller size and a master mixed-integer linear programming problem. A case study is then presented, where detailed computational results and comparisons between optimal designs obtained for both the stochastic and deterministic cases are shown.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901490g

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3286–3294

Titre :	Risk management in the oil supply chain : A CVaR approach
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Maria C. Carneiro, Auteur ; Gabriela P. Ribas, Auteur ; Silvio Hamacher, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3286–3294
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Risk Management the Oil Supply Chain CVaR
Résumé :	This study analyzes the strategic planning of an oil supply chain. To optimize this chain, a two-stage stochastic model with fixed recourse and incorporation of risk management was developed. The model took a scenario-based approach and addressed three sources of uncertainty. To deal with these uncertainties, the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) was adopted as a risk measure, and then the model was applied to the supply chain of six oil refineries. The goal of the study was to maximize the expected net present value, E(NPV), of the supply chain under analysis. The results indicate that the optimization of the several scenarios yielded an E(NPV) variation that reached US$ 36 million. Such a significant difference demonstrates that taking uncertainties into consideration is a fundamental step in decision-making processes.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901265n

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3275–3285

Titre :	Optimal design of staged three-phase reactive distillation columns using nonequilibrium and orthogonal collocation models
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Theodoros Damartzis, Auteur ; Panos Seferlis, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3275–3285
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Design Staged Distillation Columns Nonequilibrium Orthogonal
Résumé :	Reactive distillation with potential liquid-phase split and subsequent formation of a third phase is a highly complex process system nevertheless quite common in the production of useful solvents and biofuels through esterification. The optimal design of such process systems requires the development and solution of reliable and accurate process models that lead to a computationally demanding mathematical problem. In this work, a nonequilibrium (NEQ) model coupled with the orthogonal collocation on finite elements (OCFE) technique is developed for the simulation and optimal design of three-phase reactive distillation systems. The resulting NEQ/OCFE model combines the predictive accuracy of the NEQ model as well as the model reduction and approximation capabilities of the OCFE formulation. Therefore, an accurate but compact in size and thus easier to solve model that accounts for all the physical phenomena, the interactions among the multiple phases, and the occurring chemical reactions becomes available. The NEQ/OCFE model is enriched with an accurate prediction procedure for the identification and tracking of the phase transition boundaries (point of transition for a single liquid phase to two liquid-phase regimes and vice versa) inside the column for varying operating conditions. The model is validated using experimental results and utilized in the optimal design and the dynamic simulation of a staged reactive distillation column for the production of butyl acetate via the esterification reaction of butanol with acetic acid. The optimal column configuration defined by the number of stages in each column section, the feed strategy (single feed or multiple feed points), the location of the feed stages, and the operating conditions are calculated through a rigorous design optimization procedure for tight production purity specifications. At optimal conditions the specific column appears to have both two- and three-phase regions that are separated by the feed stage.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901260b

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3262–3274

Titre :	Plantwide design of ideal reactive distillation processes with thermal coupling
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Wang, San-Jang, Auteur ; Hao-Yeh Lee, Auteur ; Jui-Hung Ho, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3262–3274
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Plantwide Design Distillation Thermal Coupling
Résumé :	Process intensification is aimed to integrate different processes in design to reduce energy consumption and capital investment, as well as to achieve environmental and safety benefits. Reactive distillation and thermally coupled distillation are examples of such process intensification. In this study, the performance of thermally coupled reactive distillation, a technology combining reactive distillation and thermally coupled distillation, is investigated for ideal quaternary reaction systems with different rankings of relative volatility. Possible configurations of thermally coupled reactive distillation are designed for systems of types IR, IIR, and IIIR with the excess design and type IIP with the stoichiometric design. Reactive distillation with thermal coupling is demonstrated to provide better energy efficiency than conventional reactive distillation. The remixing phenomenon associated with thermodynamic inefficiency in conventional distillation sequences can be reduced or eliminated by implementing thermal coupling between columns.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900786u

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3250–3261

Titre :	Entropy-based optimization of decentralized supply-chain networks
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	T. Sundar Raj, Auteur ; S. Lakshminarayanan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3250–3261
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Entropy Optimization Decentralized Supply Chain Networks
Résumé :	Supply-chain operations are intricate and complex due to exogenous and endogenous uncertainties. The prime weakness in a decentralized supply chain arises due to lack of consideration of the uncertainty generation and transmission between supply-chain entities. Ineffective internal strategies carry the uncertainties beyond the boundaries of the supply-chain entity and consequently affect predictability of supply-chain behavior, customer satisfaction, and cost. Previous attempts made to enhance the supply-chain performance by optimizing the replenishment strategy do not pay attention to the issue of increasing uncertainty and consequent operational complexity in the system. The storage and flow of uncertainty must therefore be controlled and managed effectively. The minimization of complexity in supply chains using Shannon’s entropy-based measures by tweaking supply-chain decision parameters (replenishment parameters) is a unique aspect of this work. As a result, the predictability of the supply chain is improved. Four complexity management strategies (S-I to S-IV) are proposed and analyzed to understand their benefits under diverse business scenarios. Our investigations demonstrate that the strategy which aims to minimize an additive measure of information and material flow complexity outperforms other complexity management strategies under all business scenarios.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9003688

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3242–3249

Titre :	K10 montmorillonite based catalysts for the growth of multiwalled carbon nanotubes through catalytic chemical vapor deposition
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Candida Milone, Auteur ; Manikandan Dhanagopal, Auteur ; Saveria Santangelo, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3242–3249
Note générale :	Industial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	K10 Montmorillonite Catalysts Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Résumé :	Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are synthesized by isobutane decomposition at 700 °C over as-purchased and iron-loaded K10-montmorillonite catalysts. The results show that, upon reduction at 500 °C, K10 catalyzes isobutane decomposition. Few carbon fibers accompany the prevailing carbon flakes formation. Upon Na+ exchange or by increasing the reduction temperature, the activity of the clay decreases. Fe−K10 behaves as a bifunctional catalyst: on added metal sites, MWCNT preferentially form, while on the support, carbon flake formation mainly occurs. At a given metal load, the increase of the reduction temperature up to 700 °C or the use of Na+-exchanged K10 as a support generally leads to an enhancement of the selectivity to MWCNT, because of the diminishing of the support active sites. Under the present reaction conditions, Fe supported on Na+ exchanged K10 are the most active among the investigated catalysts. MWCNT copiously form, both at low and high metal load, and exhibit the highest structural order.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9018275

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3236–3241

Titre :	Three preparation methods for monodispersed chitosan microspheres using the shirasu porous glass membrane emulsification technique and mechanisms of microsphere formation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Kazuki Akamatsu, Auteur ; Daisaku Kaneko, Auteur ; Takashi Sugawara, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3236–3241
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Monodispersed Chitosan Microspheres Shirasu Porous Glass Membrane Emulsification Mechanisms Microsphere
Résumé :	The Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique was employed for the preparation of monodispersed chitosan microspheres with the diameter controlled to be in the range from submicrometers to 10 μm. Three preparation methods were used in this study: (1) a cross-linking method with glutaraldehyde, (2) an interaction method with alginate, and (3) a drying-in-liquid method with aqueous sodium hydroxide medium. In every preparation method, various SPG membranes with different pore sizes were used for microsphere formation, and the fabrication mechanism for the microspheres was elucidated. It was successfully shown from these detailed investigations that the average diameters of the chitosan microspheres were controlled in the range of submicrometer to 10 μm by the pore sizes of the SPG membranes for preparing chitosan emulsions by method 1, alginate emulsions by method 2, or chitosan emulsions by method 3.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901821s

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3228–3235

Titre :	Interfacial tension of hydrocarbon + different pH aqueous phase systems in the presence of triton X-100
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Javad Saien, Auteur ; Somayeh Akbari, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3228–3235
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Interfacial Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbont pH Aqueous Triton X-100
Résumé :	The influence of adsorption of low amounts (1.00 × 10−8−2.33 × 10−5 mol·L−1) of Triton X-100 and hydroxyl ion (appropriate to the practical pH range of 6.00−9.37) on the interfacial tension of two recommended systems for liquid−liquid extraction investigations, toluene−water and cumene−water, at 25.0 °C is studied. Solutions with a maximum relative standard deviation in concentration of ±1% have been used; meanwhile, the uncertainty for measured interfacial tensions is ±0.03 mN·m−1. From the data and in agreement with the commonly used Szyszkowski model, a much higher adsorption effectiveness, but a lower adsorption tendency, for Triton is concluded. The influence of Triton in lowering interfacial tension is significantly weakened by hydroxyl ions. Meanwhile, the estimated interfacial composition and interaction parameter (using the theory of nonideal interactions in binary mixtures) are strongly dependent on the bulk mole fraction. The hydroxyl ion shows maximum adsorption at the bulk mole fractions around 0.50 and 0.60, where a high rate of mass transfer could be expected.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900402u

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3223–3227

Titre :	Enhancement of gas-to-water mass-transfer rates by the second liquid phase
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhigang Zhang, Auteur ; Wei Chen, Auteur ; Sansan Yu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3223–3227
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gas Water Mass Rates Liquid
Résumé :	Gas−liquid mass-transfer enhancement due to the presence of a second dispersed liquid phase has been discussed in this paper. Both the overall volumetric mass-transfer coefficient from the gas to bulk liquid and the partition coefficient were calculated under non-steady-state conditions. The results showed that the enhancement factor increased with an increase of the partition coefficient and the volumetric mass-transfer coefficient KLa clearly increased when a second dispersed liquid phase was added, with a clear maximum at 3% of the dispersed-phase volume fraction. The influence of the dispersed phase on KLa markedly depended on the agitation rate, and a maximum KLa was attained between 650 and 700 rpm.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	pp. 3223–3227

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3217–3222

Titre :	Applicability of a countercurrent enzymatically catalyzed multistage extractive reaction process for the hydrolysis of methyl octanoate
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Przemyslaw Krause, Auteur ; Roberto Macias, Auteur ; Georg Fieg, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3217–3222
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Enzymatically Catalyzed Multistage Methyl Octanoate
Résumé :	An assessment of the minimum requirements for a countercurrent multistage extractive reaction process for the enzymatic hydrolysis of methyl octanoate with immobilized lipase in undiluted media was made. For simulation, UNIQUAC parameters for the quaternary reaction system containing methyl octanoate, octanoic acid, methanol, and water at 48.5 °C and atmospheric pressure and the equilibrium conversion, as a function of the initial water content, were determined. For a one-equilibrium stage reaction, good overall agreement, with respect to the liquid-phase compositions between experiments, and results from chemical and phase equilibrium calculations, based on Gibbs free-energy minimization, was obtained. A subsequently performed analysis of the influence of the stage number and solvent:feed ratio, using commercial flowsheet simulation software, showed that, in a countercurrent process, five equilibrium stages are required to obtain octanoic acid with a purity exceeding mass fractions of 0.95 at comparably moderate water excess.
ISSN :	Methyl Octan
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901789p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3207–3216

Titre :	Removal of dyes from wastewaters by adsorption on sepiolite and pansil
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Araceli Rodríguez, Auteur ; Gabriel Ovejero, Auteur ; María Mestanza, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3207–3216
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Dyes Wastewaters Adsorption Sepiolite Pansil
Résumé :	In this work, experiments to examine the liquid-phase adsorption features of sepiolite and pansil have been conducted with synthetic dye wastewaters prepared from commercial grade dye, methylene blue (MB). The adsorption experimental results were analyzed in terms of the equilibrium adsorption capacity and equilibrium time. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips adsorption models are applied to describe the isotherm equilibrium and to determine some parameters. The Sips model agrees well with the experimental data, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model reproduces properly the kinetic experimental data of the system MB−sepiolite. The highest MB adsorption was obtained at acid pH for sepiolite and at basic pH for pansil. Besides, several kinetics models were employed to study the adsorption mechanism of MB on sepiolite.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9017435

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010)

Titre :	Degradation of poly(ethylene glycol) in aqueous solution by photo-fenton and H2O2/UV processes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jeanne A. Giroto, Auteur ; Antonio C. S. C. Teixeira, Auteur ; Claudio A. O. Nascimento, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Poly ethylene glycol Aqueous Solution Photo-Fenton H2O2/UV
Résumé :	This article reports experimental results obtained in a laboratory-scale photochemical reactor on the photodegradation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in aqueous solutions by means of the photo-Fenton and H2O2/UV processes. Dilute water solutions of PEG were fed to a batch reactor, mixed with pertinent reactants, and allowed to react under different conditions. Reaction progress was evaluated by sampling and analyzing the concentration of the total organic carbon (TOC) in solution as a function of the reaction time. Organic acids formed during oxidation were determined by HPLC analyses. The main acids detected in both processes were acetic and formic. Glycolic acid was detected only in the photo-Fenton process, and malonic acid was detected only in the H2O2/UV treatment, indicating that different reaction paths occur in these processes. The characteristics of both processes are discussed, based on the evolution of the TOC−time curves and the concentration profiles of the monitored organic acids. The experimental results constitute a contribution to the design of industrial processes for the treatment of wastewaters containing soluble polymers with similar properties.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9015792

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3194–3199

Titre :	Using collagen fiber as a template to synthesize TiO2 and Fex/TiO2 nanofibers and their catalytic behaviors on the visible light-assisted degradation of orange II
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Li Cai, Auteur ; Xuepin Liao, Auteur ; Bi Shi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3194–3199
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Collagen Fiber Template Nanofibers Catalytic Behaviors Assisted Degradation Orange II Visible Light TiO2 Fex/TiO2
Résumé :	TiO2 and Fex/TiO2 nanofibers were prepared using collagen fiber as the template and Ti(SO4)2 as the titanium source, on which titanium (Ti4+) or titanium (Ti4+)/iron (Fe3+) were loaded, respectively, and then heat-treated. The structure and physical properties of these nanofibers were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, specific surface analyzer, and UV−vis absorption spectra. It was found that iron ions may substitute for some lattice titanium atoms and form a Ti−O−Fe structure. The TiO2 and Fex/TiO2 nanofibers were all anatase phase when sintered at 600 °C for 4 h. The N2 adsorption−desorption isotherms of TiO2 and Fex/TiO2 nanofibers were the typical type IV, which associated with the characteristics of mesoporous materials. Compared with Degussa P25, the absorbance wavelength of obtained TiO2 and Fex/TiO2 nanofibers was red shift and the band gap energy was decreased. The obtained TiO2 and Fex/TiO2 nanofibers exhibited excellent visible light catalytic activity for degradation of orange II.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901520t

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3184–3193

Titre :	Characterization and identification of the most refractory nitrogen compounds in hydroprocessed vacuum gas oil
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Peter Wiwel, Auteur ; Berit Hinnemann, Auteur ; Angelica Hidalgo-Vivas, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3184–3193
Note générale :	Industial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Refractory Nitrogen mostCompounds Hydroprocessed Gas Oil Hydroprocesseil
Résumé :	There is currently a growing need to hydroprocess heavier and tougher crude oils with increased nitrogen content. Therefore, hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) has become a critical hydroprocessing reaction, making it essential to gain insight into which nitrogen-containing compounds are the most difficult to treat. In the present article, we describe the identification of nitrogen compounds in severely pretreated feed for hydrocracking (HC). The nitrogen compounds in the N-slip to the hydrocracker are isolated and concentrated on solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography with atomic emission detection (GC-AED), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support the structural identification and are further used to investigate the reactivity. We find that the most refractory organic nitrogen compounds in the N-slip belong to the family of 4,8,9,10-tetrahydrocyclohepta[def]carbazoles. These molecules are slightly more basic than other carbazoles and thus are likely to have an impact on the performance of the downstream catalysts; however, their very low reactivities make them extremely difficult to remove under normal hydrotreating conditions.
ISSN :	0885-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901473x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3176–3183

Titre :	Effect of alkali vapor exposure on Ni-MgO/γ-Al2O3/cordierite monolithic catalyst for biomass fuel gas reforming
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Li, P. Y., Auteur ; T. J. Wang, Auteur ; C. Z. Wu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3176–3183
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Alkali Vapor Exposure Ni-MgO/γ-Al2O3/Cordierite Monolithic Catalyst Biomass Fuel Gas Reforming
Résumé :	Fly ash compounds, such as alkali salts, in the raw biomass fuel gas can contaminate and deposit on traditional granular Ni-based catalysts, which resulted in catalyst deactivation and pressure increase of the downstream reformer. The impact of alkali salt exposure (KCl, K2SO4, K2CO3, by evaporation at about 7.8 mg/L for 6 h) on dry CH4/CO2 reforming of model biomass fuel gas (H2/CO/C2H4/CH4/CO2/N2 = 15.8/12.1/2.51/ 15.0/22.1/32.6 vol %) over Ni-MgO/γ-Al2O3/cordierite monolithic catalyst (MC) was investigated and studied. The results showed that CH4 and CO2 conversions and CO and H2 yields increased at 700−850 °C for undeposited and deposited MC. Compared with undeposited MC, the deposited catalysts show lower CH4 conversion but higher CO2 conversion and CO yield at 750−830 °C. The stability tests also show that CH4 conversion and H2 content in the tail gas decreased dramatically from 87.2% to 32.0% and from 35.1% to 26.7%, respectively, after 17 h time on stream (TOS) for the deposited MC, while CH4 conversion kept steady of above 90% after 60 h TOS for undeposited MC at 750 °C. Characterization by N2-physisorption, XRD, ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, and XPS of MC indicate that alkali salt aerosol covering the catalyst surface or blocking mesopore channels was the main reason for the decreased reforming performance and MC deactivation, which occurred mainly at the top part of monolithic catalyst (K = 1.39 wt % by EDS), vicinal to the alkali source. The reforming of real biomass fuel gas (H2/CO/C2H4/CH4/CO2/N2 = 10.2/16.8/0.5/6.4/15.2/51.0 vol %) from air gasification of pine sawdust in the pilot plant (200−250 kg/h) by the reformer packed with MCP, larger in size than MC, exhibits pressure drop of less than 700 Pa, CH4 conversion of about 84%, and tar content from 4.8−5.3 g/m3 to 0.12−0.14 g/m3 during 60 h TOS at 600 °C. The porosity structure of MCP catalytic bed and relatively low alkali (K, Na = 0.03−0.07 wt %) deposition by fly ash from real biomass fuel gas were the main reasons for the excellent reformer performance.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901370w

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3170–3175

Titre :	Kinetics study of direct hydration of dihydromyrcene in a Jet reactor
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yong Liu, Auteur ; Zheng Zhou, Auteur ; Gaodong Yang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3170–3175
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Kinetics Hydration Hydratiodromyrcene Jet Reactor
Résumé :	A novel pilot-scale jet reactor was applied to study the direct hydration of dihydromyrcene (DHM) with H2O using strong acid cation exchange resins (SACER) as catalysts. The effect of various parameters such as liquid circulation flow rate, temperature, catalyst loading, and mass ratio of the reactants was studied in detail. The equilibrium constants of the direct hydration were calculated on the basis of the activities that were predicted using UNIFAC group contribution method. A pseudohomogeneous (PH) model was used to correlate the kinetic data in the temperature range from 353.15 to 383.15 K. The estimated kinetic parameters make the calculated results in excellent agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the PH model gives a good representation of the kinetic behavior for the direct hydration of DHM.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901276w

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3160–3169

Titre :	Production of biodiesel at the kinetic limit in a centrifugal reactor/separator
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Joanna McFarlane, Auteur ; Costas Tsouris, Auteur ; Joseph F. Birdwell, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3160–3169
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Biodiesel Kinetic Centrifugal Centrifr
Résumé :	The kinetics of the transesterification of soybean oil has been investigated in a centrifugal contactor reactor/separator at temperatures from 45 to 80 °C and pressures up to 2.6 bar. The high shear force and turbulent mixing achieved in the contactor minimized the effect of diffusion on the apparent reaction rate, and hence it could be assumed that the transesterification rate was limited by the reaction kinetics. The yields of product methyl esters were quantified using gas chromatography flame ionization detection (GC-FID), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H1NMR), and viscosity measurements and typically were found to achieve 90% of complete conversion within 2 min. However, to meet American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications with one pass through the reactor, a minimum 22-min residence time at 80 °C was needed. Performance was improved by stepwise processing, allowing separation of byproduct glycerine and injection of additional small aliquots of methanol at each step. The chemical kinetics was successfully modeled using a three-step mechanism of reversible reactions, and employing activation energies from the literature, with some modification in pre-exponential factors. The mechanism correctly predicted the exponential decline in reaction rate as increasing methyl ester and glycerine concentrations allow reverse reactions to occur at significant rates.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901229x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3152–3159

Titre :	Role of pore structure of activated carbon fibers in the catalytic oxidation of H2S
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Qingjun Chen, Auteur ; Zhi Wang, Auteur ; Donghui Long, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3152–3159
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Activated Carbon Fibers Catalytic Oxidation Pore H2S
Résumé :	Na2CO3-impregnated activated carbon fibers (ACFs) have been developed as low-concentration H2S oxidation catalysts at ambient temperature. Two series of commercial pitch-based and poly(acrylonitrile)-based ACFs were used to evaluate the role of pore structure in the oxidation of H2S. The initial, impregnated, and exhausted materials were characterized using elemental analysis, N2 adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry analysis, and activity tests. The catalytic oxidation of H2S continued until all effective pores of the catalysts were blocked by the oxidation products. The saturation sulfur capacity was found to be in the range of 0.10−0.81 g of H2S/g of catalyst, with the value strongly dependent on the pore structure (especially the volume of pores larger than 0.7 nm) but independent of the nitrogen functional groups. Further quantitative analysis suggested that elemental sulfur as a dominant product mostly deposited in large pores (d > 0.7 nm), whereas sulfuric acid was preferably produced in small micropores (d < 0.7 nm). A possible mechanism of H2S oxidation with respect to the pore size of catalysts is proposed.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901223j

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3146–3151

Titre :	Kinetics and mechanism of thermal dehydration of KMnPO4·H2O in a nitrogen atmosphere
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pittayagorn Noisong, Auteur ; Chanaiporn Danvirutai, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3146–3151
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Kinetics Mechanism Thermal Dehydration KMnPO4·H2O Nitrogen Atmosphere
Résumé :	The potassium manganese phosphate monohydrate (KMnPO4·H2O) was confirmed to dehydrate in a single step process. Therefore, the thermal transformation of this compound is an ideal case for testing the kinetic models and calculation procedures. The kinetics of thermal dehydration of this compound was studied using thermogravimetry (TG) at four heating rates by Ozawa and KAS methods. The calculated activation energy values from both methods are very close to each other. Four calculation procedures based on a single TG curve and the isoconversional method, as well as 26 mechanism functions were carried out. The mechanism function of dehydration with the integral form g(α) = 1 − (1 − α)1/3 and the differential form f(α) = 3(1 − α)2/3 can be suggested to be the mechanism of phase boundary reaction (spherical symmetry) for the title compound. In this work, the kinetic parameters and the transition state thermodynamic functions for the dehydration process of KMnPO4·H2O are reported for the first time.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900993f

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3137–3145

Titre :	Os(VIII) as an efficient homogeneous catalyst for the oxidative decolorization of methylene blue dye with alkaline chloramine-T: : kinetic, mechanistic, and platinum metal ions reactivity studies
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	K. N. Vinod, Auteur ; Puttaswamy, Auteur ; K. N. Ninge Gowda, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3137–3145
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Os Oxidative Oxecolorization Methylene Blue Alkaline Chloramine Kinetic, Mechanistic Platinum Metal Ions Reactivity
Résumé :	One of the most important thiazine dyes is methylene blue (MB), which is extensively used in the dyeing industry. It also facilitates a number of biological applications. Methylene blue dye is not significantly hazardous, but it can lead to various harmful effects. Among the physicochemical processes developed to remove this dye from wastewater textile and dyestuff manufacturing industries, the oxidative decolorization method alone seems to ensure the advantage of a low cost, simple, and efficient process. So we investigated a detailed oxidative decolorization kinetic study of MB by sodium-N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T or CAT) in alkaline medium catalyzed by Os(VIII) spectrophotometrically at 664 nm (λmax of the dye). The reaction rate showed a first-order dependence each on [CAT]o and [MB]o, a fractional-order dependence on [Os(VIII)], and an inverse-fractional-order dependence on [NaOH]. A decrease of the dielectric constant of the medium by the addition of methanol decreased the rate. The solvent isotope effect k′ (H2O)/k′ (D2O) was equal to 1.37. Activation parameters were computed. The kinetics of oxidation of MB by CAT was also studied with other platinum metal ions. The relative reactivity of these catalysts are in the order Os(VIII) > Ru(III) > Ir(III) ≥ Rh(III) ≥ Pt(IV) > Pd(II). This trend may be attributed to the different d-electronic configurations of the metal ions. It was found that the catalyzed reactions are about 3-fold to 10-fold faster than the uncatalyzed reactions. The mechanism proposed and the derived rate law are consistent with the observed kinetics. This simple and economic redox system can also be adopted for removing the MB dye present in industrial wastewater.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900628r

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3126–3136

Titre :	Acidolysis of wood in ionic liquids
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Bin Li, Auteur ; Ilari Filpponen, Auteur ; Dimitris S. Argyropoulos, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3126–3136
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Acidolysis Wood Ionic Liquids
Résumé :	Three wood species including Eucalyptus grandis (E. grandis), Southern pine (S. pine), and Norway spruce thermomechanical pulp (N. spruce TMP) were dissolved in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl), and then they were pretreated with small amounts of hydrochloric acid, as a function of time. The materials regenerated from the IL solutions were determined to contain significantly higher amounts of lignin than the original wood. Detailed analyses of the recovered IL revealed the presence of typical wood degradation compounds, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furan-2-carboxylic acid, catechol, methylcatechol, methylguaiacol, acetoguaiacone, and acetol. The acidic pretreatment of these wood species in IL resulted in not only the near-complete hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses but also in a significant amount of lignin degradation. Aqueous reactions (under identical acid concentrations) showed a remarkably lower efficiency, demonstrating that ILs offer a unique environment for the acid-catalyzed dehydration chemistry, which is known to occur when polysaccharides and/or wood are subjected to an acid treatment.
ISSN :	0885-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie1000983

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3120–3125

Titre :	Immobilized inulinase on grafted alginate beads prepared by the one-step and the two-steps methods
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Enas N. Danial, Auteur ; Magdy M. M. Elnashar, Auteur ; Ghada E. A. Awad, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3120–3125
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Grafted Alginate Beads Inulinase
Résumé :	Grafted alginate beads were prepared using the Encapsulator by two methods, the one-step and the two-step. The methods of grafting were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis and infrared (IR). The glass transition (Tg) of both grafted gel beads showed gradual thermal improvement over the control gel. However, the one-step method showed higher Tg (231 °C) compared to the two-step method (220 °C). Both methods were also evaluated for immobilization of an important industrial enzyme, inulinase, to produce fructose, which is good for diet regimens and suitable for diabetics. The one-step method showed an enzyme loading capacity (ELC) of 530 U/g gel beads compared to 336 U/g gel beads for the two-step method. Accordingly, the one-step method has been chosen for further optimization. The ELC has been optimized to reach 1627 U/g gel using our locally prepared crude enzyme compared to 10.9 U/g by another author using purified inulinase. The immobilization process improved as did the enzyme’s thermal stability, from 50 to 60 °C, which is the most suitable temperature used in food industries to prevent microbial contamination. The enzyme’s thermal stability test at 60 °C and for an incubation time of 2 h, revealed a drastic decrease of the free enzyme activity to 21%, compared to 89% retention of activity for the immobilized enzyme. The immobilization process improved as well the enzyme’s shelf stability, where the free enzyme lost all of its activity at room temperature after 28 days, the immobilized enzyme retained over 77% of its initial activity. These results are encouraging to produce high fructose syrup on the industrial scale as the carrier is efficient and the method is simple and economic.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100011z

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3112–3119

Titre :	Simultaneous removal of soot and NOx over the (La1.7Rb0.3CuO4)x/nmCeO2 nanocomposite catalysts
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jian Liu, Auteur ; Zhen Zhao, Auteur ; Chunming Xu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3112–3119
Note générale :	Industial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Soot NOx Nanocomposite Catalysts
Résumé :	Nanometric CeO2-supported perovskite-liked La1.7Rb0.3CuO4 oxide catalysts with different loading amounts were obtained by the method of ultrasonic-assisted incipient-wetness impregnation. All of the catalysts were calcined at 700 °C for 6 h and characterized by means of BET, XRD, IR, and UV−vis−NIR. These materials were tested for the simultaneous removal of NOx and soot in the temperature range from 200 to 600 °C. As compared to nanometric CeO2 support particles (nmCeO2) or pure La1.7Rb0.3CuO4 perovskite-liked catalyst, the catalytic activities of all of the supported catalysts were remarkably enhanced. The temperatures for soot combustion of Tm decreased and the productivities of N2 increased, and the activities of the catalysts increased with the perovskite-liked oxide loading amount. On the basis of in situ DRIFT characterization, NO oxidation, and O2-TPD results, a reaction mechanism for the simultaneous removal of NOx and soot over (La1.7Rb0.3CuO4)x/nmCeO2 was proposed.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100004m

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3106–3111

Titre :	Synthesis of β-amino alcohols from methyl epoxy stearate
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sukhprit Singh, Auteur ; Raman Kamboj, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3106–3111
Note générale :	Industial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Synthesis β-Amino Alcohols Methyl Epoxy Stearate
Résumé :	Oils and fats are an important source of renewable raw materials, and the availability of functionalized fatty acids such as epoxy ring containing fatty acids gives us a convenient source of starting materials for the synthesis of various biodegradable derivatives. Methyl esters of the epoxidized oleic acid [methyl 9,10-epoxy octadecanoate (1)] on the catalytic epoxy ring opening reaction with various aliphatic [butyl (2), octyl (3)], cyclic [pyrrolidine (4), piperidine (5), morpholine (6)], and aromatic [p-chloroaniline (7), p-anisidine (8), benzyl amine (9), aniline (10)] amines resulted in the formation of the respective β-amino alcohols [methyl 9-(butylamino)-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate (11a)/methyl 10-(butylamino)-9-hydroxyoctadecanoate (11b), methyl 10-hydroxy-9-(octylamino)octadecanoate (12a)/methyl 9-hydroxy-10-(octylamino)octadecanoate (12b), methyl 10-hydroxy-9-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)octadecanoate (13a)/methyl 9-hydroxy-10-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)octadecanoate (13b), methyl 10-hydroxy-9-(piperidin-1-yl)octadecanoate (14a)/methyl 9-hydroxy-10-(piperidin-1-yl)octadecanoate (14b), methyl 10-hydroxy-9-morpholinooctadecanoate (15a)/methyl 9-hydroxy-10-morpholinooctadecanoate (15b), methyl 9-(4-chlorophenylamino)-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate (16a)/methyl 10-(4-chlorophenylamino)-9-hydroxyoctadecanoate (16b), methyl 10-hydroxy-9-(4-methoxyphenylamino)octadecanoate (17a)/methyl 9-hydroxy-10-(4-methoxyphenylamino)octadecanoate (17b), methyl 9-(benzylamino)-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate (18a)/methyl 10-(benzylamino)-9-hydroxyoctadecanoate (18b), methyl 10-hydroxy-9-(phenylamino)octadecanoate (19a)/methyl 9-hydroxy-10-(phenylamino)octadecanoate (19b)] as isomeric mixtures. Zinc(II) perchlorate hexahydrate was used as a Lewis acid catalyst to achieve these transformations under solvent-free conditions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901969x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3099–3105

Titre :	All-weather hydrogen peroxide-based decontamination of CBRN contaminants
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	George W. Wagner, Auteur ; Lawrence R. Procell, Auteur ; David C. Sorrick, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3099–3105
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	hydrogen peroxide decontamination All-weather CBRN contaminants
Résumé :	A hydrogen peroxide-based decontaminant, Decon Green, is efficacious for the decontamination of chemical agents VX (S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate), GD (Soman, pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), and HD (mustard, bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide); the biological agent anthrax (Bacillus anthracis); and radiological isotopes 137Cs and 60Co; thus demonstrating the ability of this decontamination approach to ameliorate the aftermath of all three types of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Reaction mechanisms afforded for the chemical agents are discussed as are rationales for the enhanced removal efficacy of recalcitrant 60Co on certain surfaces. Decontaminants of this nature can be deployed, and are effective, at very low temperatures (−32 °C), as shown for studies done with VX and HD simulants, without the need for external heat sources. Finally, the efficacy of a lower-logistics, dry decontaminant powder concentrate (utilizing the solid active-oxygen compounds peracetyl borate and Peroxydone) which can be reconstituted with water in the field prior to use, is presented.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9019177

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3094–3098

Titre :	Degradation of 4-chlorophenol in wastewater by organic oxidants
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Swati Sharma, Auteur ; Mausumi Mukhopadhyay, Auteur ; V. P. Murthy, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3094–3098
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Chlorophenol Wastewater Organic Oxidants
Résumé :	The objective of this work was to investigate degradation and mineralization of model compound 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This work focused on the degradation of 4-CP by UV and organic oxidants, such as peroxy acetic acid (PAA), p-nitrobenzoic acid (PNBA), and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), in combination. It was observed that maximum degradation of 4-CP by organic oxidants occurred within the first 10 min. PAA was found to be the best oxidant of all the organic oxidants used. Experiments were also conducted with varying concentration of PAA. Experimental results demonstrated that UV/PAA facilitated 98% removal/mineralization of 4-CP. Mineralization studies were taken up by chloride ion determination and chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurement. The chloride ion concentration was observed to decrease progressively which indicated degradation and mineralization of 4-CP. The COD declined gradually when PAA and MEKP were used as oxidants. The reactions were also followed by HPLC and GC-MS analysis for residual concentration and identification of intermediates and degradation products, respectively. The degraded compound was identified as 4-methyl-3-penten-2-one.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie9018066

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3088–3093

Titre :	Partially substituting MgO for NaOH as the alkali source in the second-stage Impregnation of triploid poplar P-RC APMP
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	X. Q. Hu, Auteur ; W. Yuan, Auteur ; S. Y. Zhang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3088–3093
Note générale :	Indystrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	MgO NaOH Alkali Triploid Triplor
Résumé :	In the conventional preconditioning followed by refiner chemical treatment, alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (P-RC APMP) process, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as the alkali source. In this study, magnesium oxide (MgO) was used to partially substitute for NaOH as the alkali source (substitution ratio of up to 50%) in the second-stage impregnation of the triploid poplar P-RC APMP process. The changes in pH values of the residual bleaching liquor, yields, and chemical components of the treated wood chips in the second-stage impregnation and also the physical properties of the resultant P-RC APMP pulps with and without MgO substitution were investigated to explore the potential advantages of the process. The results showed that the partial MgO substitution for NaOH resulted in a lower pH of residual bleaching liquor and a higher treated wood chips yield than those of the NaOH-based process. In addition, the dissolution of benzene alcohol extractives, lignin, pentosans, and carbohydrates were all decreased. The resultantly yielded P-RC APMP pulp has a higher bulk, opacity, and light-scattering coefficient, but lower strength properties and a slightly lower brightness.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901639p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3079–3087

Titre :	Development of a novel hollow fiber ccation-exchange membrane from bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) for removal of heavy-metal ions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhenfeng Cheng, Auteur ; Yonghui Wu, Auteur ; Na Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3079–3087
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hollow Fiber Cation-Exchange Membrane Bromomethylated Poly Heavy-Metal Ions dimethy phenylene oxide phenyleemoval
Résumé :	A novel hollow fiber cation-exchange membrane was prepared from a bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) hollow fiber by amination and sulfonation. The membrane exhibited good performance for adsorption of Cu2+, and its maximum capacity can reach 69.12 mg/g. In particular, the adsorption capacity increased with an increase in adsorption time, initial Cu2+ concentration, and ion-exchange capacity of the membrane, and the adsorption isotherms were of Langmuir and Freundlich types. When these membranes were taken for desorption in solutions of hydrochloric acid, the regeneration ratio increased with an increase in regeneration time (before 20 min) and acid concentration. This study can provide new material for removal of heavy-metal ions in an energy-saving manner.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901408c

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3059–3078

Titre :	Historical perspective and current outlook for molecular dynamics As a chemical engineering tool
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	E. J. Maginn, Auteur ; J. R. Elliott, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3059–3078
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Molecular Dynamics Chemical Engineering Tool Historical Perspective
ISSN :	0888-5885

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3047–3058

Titre :	Progress and outlook in monte carlo simulations
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Doros N. Theodorou, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3047–3058
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Outlook Monte Carlo Simulations
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901898k

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3026–3046

Titre :	Molecular modeling of matter : impact and prospects in engineering
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Keith E. Gubbins, Auteur ; Joshua D. Moore, Auteur
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3026–3046
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Molecular Modeling Matter Engineering
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901909c

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 7 (Avril 2010) . - pp. 3025–3025

Titre :	The evolution of molecular modeling into a chemical engineering tool
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Paul, Donald R., Editeur scientifique
Année de publication :	2010
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3025–3025
Note générale :	Industrial Chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	molecular modeling chemical engineering
Résumé :	Molecular modeling has evolved from primitive models like hard spheres and square-wells to sophisticated descriptions of atomistic force laws, from the quantum scale to the mesoscale. To what extent have these models impacted chemical engineering practice? Based on these models, to what extent can chemical engineers design molecular assemblies the way that civil engineers design bridges? This session will address these questions by surveying the models of past, present, and future with an invited panel of experts.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100022u

Industrial & engineering chemistry research / Paul, Donald R. . Vol. 49 N° 7

Exemplaires

Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

Accueil

Sélection de la langue

Se connecter

Météo

Adresse

Horaires d'ouverture :