Dépouillements

The constructal law and the design of the biosphere / Adrian Bejan in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011001/1-7] Titre : The constructal law and the design of the biosphere : nature and globalization Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Adrian Bejan, Auteur ; Sylvie Lorente, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011001/1-7] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Constructal  law  Evolution  Biosphere  Locomotion  Vision  Cognition  Hierarchy  Vegetation  Globalization Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : “Design in nature” is a topic of growing interest throughout science. The constructal law is the physics law of design generation and evolution in nature: “for a flow system to persist in time (to live), it must evolve such that it provides easier and easier access to its currents.” In this paper, we show how the constructal law accounts for the main features of the design of the biosphere: global movement of mass as the action of constructal engines (geophysical, animal, and human made) that dissipate their power into brakes, animal locomotion, vision, cognition, and hierarchy. The architecture and hierarchy of vegetation results from the constructal tendency to generate designs that facilitate the flow of water and “the flow of stresses” (i.e., mechanical strength per unit volume). Natural porous media have multiple scales because their flows are also configured as trees. The paper concludes with the oneness of design in nature, global design, and science and technology evolution—all as manifestations of the natural tendency captured by the constructal law and unified constructal theory of evolution. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] The constructal law and the design of the biosphere : nature and globalization [texte imprimé] / Adrian Bejan, Auteur ; Sylvie Lorente, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011001/1-7]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011001/1-7] Mots-clés : Constructal  law  Evolution  Biosphere  Locomotion  Vision  Cognition  Hierarchy  Vegetation  Globalization Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : “Design in nature” is a topic of growing interest throughout science. The constructal law is the physics law of design generation and evolution in nature: “for a flow system to persist in time (to live), it must evolve such that it provides easier and easier access to its currents.” In this paper, we show how the constructal law accounts for the main features of the design of the biosphere: global movement of mass as the action of constructal engines (geophysical, animal, and human made) that dissipate their power into brakes, animal locomotion, vision, cognition, and hierarchy. The architecture and hierarchy of vegetation results from the constructal tendency to generate designs that facilitate the flow of water and “the flow of stresses” (i.e., mechanical strength per unit volume). Natural porous media have multiple scales because their flows are also configured as trees. The paper concludes with the oneness of design in nature, global design, and science and technology evolution—all as manifestations of the natural tendency captured by the constructal law and unified constructal theory of evolution. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Optimal drug-aerosol delivery to predetermined ung sites / Clement Kleinstreuer in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011002/1-12] Titre : Optimal drug-aerosol delivery to predetermined ung sites Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Clement Kleinstreuer, Auteur ; Zhe Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011002/1-12] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Subject-specific  lung  airways  Air-particle  flow  Computer  simulation  results  Inhaler  devices  Optimal  drug-aerosol  targeting  Smart  inhaler  system Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : This review summarizes computer simulation methodologies of air-particle flow, results of drug-aerosol transport/deposition in models of the human respiratory system, as well as aspects of drug-aerosol targeting and associated inhalation devices. After a brief introduction to drug delivery systems in general, the required modeling and simulation steps for optimal drug-aerosol delivery in the lung are outlined. Starting with medical imaging and file conversion of patient-specific lung-airway morphologies, the air-particle transport phenomena are numerically solved for a representative inhalation flow rate of Qtotal=30 l/min. Focusing on microspheres and droplets, the complex airflow and particle dynamics, as well as the droplet heat and mass transfer are illustrated. With this foundation as the background, an overview of present inhaler devices is presented, followed by a discussion of the methodology and features of a new smart inhaler system (SIS). With the SIS, inhaled drug-aerosols can be directly delivered to any predetermined target area in the human lung. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Optimal drug-aerosol delivery to predetermined ung sites [texte imprimé] / Clement Kleinstreuer, Auteur ; Zhe Zhang, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011002/1-12]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011002/1-12] Mots-clés : Subject-specific  lung  airways  Air-particle  flow  Computer  simulation  results  Inhaler  devices  Optimal  drug-aerosol  targeting  Smart  inhaler  system Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : This review summarizes computer simulation methodologies of air-particle flow, results of drug-aerosol transport/deposition in models of the human respiratory system, as well as aspects of drug-aerosol targeting and associated inhalation devices. After a brief introduction to drug delivery systems in general, the required modeling and simulation steps for optimal drug-aerosol delivery in the lung are outlined. Starting with medical imaging and file conversion of patient-specific lung-airway morphologies, the air-particle transport phenomena are numerically solved for a representative inhalation flow rate of Qtotal=30 l/min. Focusing on microspheres and droplets, the complex airflow and particle dynamics, as well as the droplet heat and mass transfer are illustrated. With this foundation as the background, an overview of present inhaler devices is presented, followed by a discussion of the methodology and features of a new smart inhaler system (SIS). With the SIS, inhaled drug-aerosols can be directly delivered to any predetermined target area in the human lung. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Using microCT imaging technique to quantify heat generation distribution induced by magnetic nanoparticles for cancer treatments / Anilchandra Attaluri in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011003/1-5] Titre : Using microCT imaging technique to quantify heat generation distribution induced by magnetic nanoparticles for cancer treatments Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anilchandra Attaluri, Auteur ; Ronghui Ma, Auteur ; Liang Zhu, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011003/1-5] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Magnetic  nanoparticles  Hyperthermia  Cancer  Heating  Temperature  MicroCT  imaging Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Magnetic nanoparticles have been used in clinical and animal studies to generate localized heating for tumor treatments when the particles are subject to an external alternating magnetic field. Currently, since most tissue is opaque, the detailed information of the nanoparticle spreading in the tissue after injections cannot be visualized directly and is often quantified by indirect methods, such as temperature measurements, to inversely determine the particle distribution. In this study, we use a high resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT) imaging system to investigate nanoparticle concentration distribution in a tissue-equivalent agarose gel. The local density variations induced by the nanoparticles in the vicinity of the injection site can be detected and analyzed by the microCT system. Heating experiments are performed to measure the initial temperature rise rate to determine the nanoparticle-induced volumetric heat generation rates (or specific absorption rate (SAR W/m3)) at various gel locations. A linear relationship between the measured SARs and their corresponding microCT pixel index numbers is established. The results suggest that the microCT pixel index number can be used to represent the nanoparticle concentration in the media since the SAR is proportional to the local nanoparticle concentration. Experiments are also performed to study how the injection amount, gel concentration, and nanoparticle concentration in the nanofluid affect the nanoparticle spreading in the gel. The nanoparticle transport pattern in gels suggests that convection and diffusion are important mechanisms in particle transport in the gel. Although the particle spreading patterns in the gel may not be directly applied to real tissue, we believe that the current study lays the foundation to use microCT imaging systems to quantitatively study nanoparticle distribution in opaque tumor. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Using microCT imaging technique to quantify heat generation distribution induced by magnetic nanoparticles for cancer treatments [texte imprimé] / Anilchandra Attaluri, Auteur ; Ronghui Ma, Auteur ; Liang Zhu, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011003/1-5]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011003/1-5] Mots-clés : Magnetic  nanoparticles  Hyperthermia  Cancer  Heating  Temperature  MicroCT  imaging Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Magnetic nanoparticles have been used in clinical and animal studies to generate localized heating for tumor treatments when the particles are subject to an external alternating magnetic field. Currently, since most tissue is opaque, the detailed information of the nanoparticle spreading in the tissue after injections cannot be visualized directly and is often quantified by indirect methods, such as temperature measurements, to inversely determine the particle distribution. In this study, we use a high resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT) imaging system to investigate nanoparticle concentration distribution in a tissue-equivalent agarose gel. The local density variations induced by the nanoparticles in the vicinity of the injection site can be detected and analyzed by the microCT system. Heating experiments are performed to measure the initial temperature rise rate to determine the nanoparticle-induced volumetric heat generation rates (or specific absorption rate (SAR W/m3)) at various gel locations. A linear relationship between the measured SARs and their corresponding microCT pixel index numbers is established. The results suggest that the microCT pixel index number can be used to represent the nanoparticle concentration in the media since the SAR is proportional to the local nanoparticle concentration. Experiments are also performed to study how the injection amount, gel concentration, and nanoparticle concentration in the nanofluid affect the nanoparticle spreading in the gel. The nanoparticle transport pattern in gels suggests that convection and diffusion are important mechanisms in particle transport in the gel. Although the particle spreading patterns in the gel may not be directly applied to real tissue, we believe that the current study lays the foundation to use microCT imaging systems to quantitatively study nanoparticle distribution in opaque tumor. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Principles of tissue engineering with nonthermal irreversible electroporation / Mary Phillips in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011004/1-8] Titre : Principles of tissue engineering with nonthermal irreversible electroporation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mary Phillips, Auteur ; Elad Maor, Auteur ; Boris Rubinsky, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011004/1-8] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Irreversible  electroporation  Bioheat  transfer  Tissue  engineering Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is an emerging tissue ablation modality that may be ideally suited in developing a decellularized tissue graft. NTIRE utilizes short electric pulses that produce nanoscale defects in the cell membrane lipid bilayer. The electric parameters can be chosen in such a way that Joule heating to the tissue is minimized and cell death occurs solely due to loss in cell homeostasis. By coupling NTIRE with the body's response, the cells can be selectively ablated and removed, leaving behind a tissue scaffold. Here, we introduce two different methods for developing a decellularized arterial scaffold. The first uses an electrode clamp that is applied to the outside of a rodent carotid artery and the second applies an endovascular minimally invasive approach to apply electric fields from the inner surface of the blood vessels. Both methods are first modeled using a transient finite element analysis of electric and thermal fields to ensure that the electric parameters used in this study will result in minimal thermal damage. Experimental work demonstrates that both techniques result in not only a decellularized arterial construct but an endothelial regrowth is evident along the lumen 7 days after treatment, indicating that the extracellular matrix was not damaged by electric and thermal fields and is still able to support cell growth. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Principles of tissue engineering with nonthermal irreversible electroporation [texte imprimé] / Mary Phillips, Auteur ; Elad Maor, Auteur ; Boris Rubinsky, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011004/1-8]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011004/1-8] Mots-clés : Irreversible  electroporation  Bioheat  transfer  Tissue  engineering Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Nonthermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) is an emerging tissue ablation modality that may be ideally suited in developing a decellularized tissue graft. NTIRE utilizes short electric pulses that produce nanoscale defects in the cell membrane lipid bilayer. The electric parameters can be chosen in such a way that Joule heating to the tissue is minimized and cell death occurs solely due to loss in cell homeostasis. By coupling NTIRE with the body's response, the cells can be selectively ablated and removed, leaving behind a tissue scaffold. Here, we introduce two different methods for developing a decellularized arterial scaffold. The first uses an electrode clamp that is applied to the outside of a rodent carotid artery and the second applies an endovascular minimally invasive approach to apply electric fields from the inner surface of the blood vessels. Both methods are first modeled using a transient finite element analysis of electric and thermal fields to ensure that the electric parameters used in this study will result in minimal thermal damage. Experimental work demonstrates that both techniques result in not only a decellularized arterial construct but an endothelial regrowth is evident along the lumen 7 days after treatment, indicating that the extracellular matrix was not damaged by electric and thermal fields and is still able to support cell growth. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Cryosurgery / Avraham Shitzer in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011005/1-12] Titre : Cryosurgery : analysis and experimentation of cryoprobes in phase changing media Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Avraham Shitzer, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011005/1-12] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Inverse  problem  Lethal  temperature  Cooling  rate  Frozen  volume Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : This article presents a retrospective of work performed at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, over the last 3-odd decades. Results of analytical and numerical studies are presented briefly as well as in vitro and in vivo experimental data and their comparison to the derived results. Studies include the analysis of both the direct (Stefan) and the inverse-Stefan phase-change heat transfer problems in a tissue-simulating medium (gel) by the application of both surface and insertion cryoprobes. The effects of blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation rates on the advancement of the freezing front are discussed. The simultaneous operation of needle cryoprobes in a number of different configurations and the effects of a thermally significant blood vessel in the vicinity of the cryoprobe are also presented. Typical results demonstrate that metabolic rate in the yet nonfrozen tissue, will have only minor effects on the advancement of the frozen front. Capillary blood perfusion, on the other hand, does affect the course of change of the temperature distribution, hindering, as it is increased, the advancement of the frozen front. The volumes enclosed by the “lethal” isotherm (assumed as −40°C), achieve most of their final size in the first few minutes of operation, thus obviating the need for prolonged applications. Volumes occupied by this lethal isotherm were shown to be rather small. Thus, after 10 min of operation, these volumes will occupy only about 6% (single probe), 6–11% (two probes, varying distances apart), and 6–15% (three probes, different placement configurations), relative to the total frozen volume. For cryosurgery to become the treatment-of-choice, much more work will be required to cover the following issues: (1) A clear cut understanding and definition of the tissue-specific thermal conditions that are required to ensure the complete destruction of a tissue undergoing a controlled cryosurgical process. (2) Comprehensive analyses of the complete freeze/thaw cycle(s) and it effects on the final outcome. (3) Improved technical means to control the temperature variations of the cryoprobe to achieve the desired thermal conditions required for tissue destruction. (4) Improvement in the pretreatment design process to include optimal placement schemes of multiprobes and their separate and specific operation. (5) Understanding the effects of thermally significant blood vessels, and other related thermal perturbations, which are situated adjacent to, or even within, the tissue volume to be treated. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Cryosurgery : analysis and experimentation of cryoprobes in phase changing media [texte imprimé] / Avraham Shitzer, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011005/1-12]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011005/1-12] Mots-clés : Inverse  problem  Lethal  temperature  Cooling  rate  Frozen  volume Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : This article presents a retrospective of work performed at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, over the last 3-odd decades. Results of analytical and numerical studies are presented briefly as well as in vitro and in vivo experimental data and their comparison to the derived results. Studies include the analysis of both the direct (Stefan) and the inverse-Stefan phase-change heat transfer problems in a tissue-simulating medium (gel) by the application of both surface and insertion cryoprobes. The effects of blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation rates on the advancement of the freezing front are discussed. The simultaneous operation of needle cryoprobes in a number of different configurations and the effects of a thermally significant blood vessel in the vicinity of the cryoprobe are also presented. Typical results demonstrate that metabolic rate in the yet nonfrozen tissue, will have only minor effects on the advancement of the frozen front. Capillary blood perfusion, on the other hand, does affect the course of change of the temperature distribution, hindering, as it is increased, the advancement of the frozen front. The volumes enclosed by the “lethal” isotherm (assumed as −40°C), achieve most of their final size in the first few minutes of operation, thus obviating the need for prolonged applications. Volumes occupied by this lethal isotherm were shown to be rather small. Thus, after 10 min of operation, these volumes will occupy only about 6% (single probe), 6–11% (two probes, varying distances apart), and 6–15% (three probes, different placement configurations), relative to the total frozen volume. For cryosurgery to become the treatment-of-choice, much more work will be required to cover the following issues: (1) A clear cut understanding and definition of the tissue-specific thermal conditions that are required to ensure the complete destruction of a tissue undergoing a controlled cryosurgical process. (2) Comprehensive analyses of the complete freeze/thaw cycle(s) and it effects on the final outcome. (3) Improved technical means to control the temperature variations of the cryoprobe to achieve the desired thermal conditions required for tissue destruction. (4) Improvement in the pretreatment design process to include optimal placement schemes of multiprobes and their separate and specific operation. (5) Understanding the effects of thermally significant blood vessels, and other related thermal perturbations, which are situated adjacent to, or even within, the tissue volume to be treated. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Analysis of heat transfer in consecutive variable cross-sectional domains / Shadi Mahjoob in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011006/1-9] Titre : Analysis of heat transfer in consecutive variable cross-sectional domains : applications in biological media and thermal management Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Shadi Mahjoob, Auteur ; Kambiz Vafai, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011006/1-9] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bioheat  Nonniform  geometry  Electronic  and  biomedical  applications  Variable  area  domain  Porous  media Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Temperature prescription and control is important within biological media and in bioheat transport applications such as in hyperthermia cancer treatment in which the unhealthy tissue/organ is subject to an imposed heat flux. Thermal transport investigation and optimization is also important in designing heat management devices and small-scale porous-filled-channels utilized in electronic and biomedical applications. In this work, biological media or the stated heat management devices with a nonuniform geometry are modeled analytically as a combination of convergent, uniform and/or divergent configurations. The biological media is represented as blood saturated porous tissue matrix while incorporating cells and interstices. Two primary models, namely, adiabatic and constant temperature boundary conditions, are employed and the local thermal nonequilibrium and an imposed heat flux are fully accounted for in the presented analytical expressions. Fluid and solid temperature distributions and Nusselt number correlations are derived analytically for variable cross-sectional domain represented by convergent, divergent, and uniform or any combination thereof of these geometries while also incorporating internal heat generation in fluid and/or solid. Our results indicate that the geometrical variations have a substantial impact on the temperature field within the domain and on the surface with an imposed heat flux. It is illustrated that, the temperature distribution within a region of interest can be controlled by a proper design of the multisectional domain as well as proper selection of the porous matrix. These comprehensive analytical solutions are presented for the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge in literature. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Analysis of heat transfer in consecutive variable cross-sectional domains : applications in biological media and thermal management [texte imprimé] / Shadi Mahjoob, Auteur ; Kambiz Vafai, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011006/1-9]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011006/1-9] Mots-clés : Bioheat  Nonniform  geometry  Electronic  and  biomedical  applications  Variable  area  domain  Porous  media Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Temperature prescription and control is important within biological media and in bioheat transport applications such as in hyperthermia cancer treatment in which the unhealthy tissue/organ is subject to an imposed heat flux. Thermal transport investigation and optimization is also important in designing heat management devices and small-scale porous-filled-channels utilized in electronic and biomedical applications. In this work, biological media or the stated heat management devices with a nonuniform geometry are modeled analytically as a combination of convergent, uniform and/or divergent configurations. The biological media is represented as blood saturated porous tissue matrix while incorporating cells and interstices. Two primary models, namely, adiabatic and constant temperature boundary conditions, are employed and the local thermal nonequilibrium and an imposed heat flux are fully accounted for in the presented analytical expressions. Fluid and solid temperature distributions and Nusselt number correlations are derived analytically for variable cross-sectional domain represented by convergent, divergent, and uniform or any combination thereof of these geometries while also incorporating internal heat generation in fluid and/or solid. Our results indicate that the geometrical variations have a substantial impact on the temperature field within the domain and on the surface with an imposed heat flux. It is illustrated that, the temperature distribution within a region of interest can be controlled by a proper design of the multisectional domain as well as proper selection of the porous matrix. These comprehensive analytical solutions are presented for the first time, to the best of the authors' knowledge in literature. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Modeling bidirectional transport of new and used organelles in fast axonal transport in neurons / Andrey V. Kuznetsov in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011007/1-9] Titre : Modeling bidirectional transport of new and used organelles in fast axonal transport in neurons Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Andrey V. Kuznetsov, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011007/1-9] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Molecular  motors  Fast  axonal  transport  Neurons  Axons  and  dendrites  Intracellular  organelles  Vesicle  traps  Traffic  jams Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : This paper develops a model for simulating transport of newly synthesized material from the neuron body toward the synapse of the axon as well as transport of misfolded and aggregated proteins back to the neuron body for recycling. The model demonstrates that motor-assisted transport, much similar to diffusion, can occur due to a simple concentration difference between the cell body and the synapse; organelles heading to the synapse do not need to attach preferably to plus-end-directed molecular motors, same as organelles heading to the neuron body for recycling do not need to attach preferably to minus-end-directed molecular motors. The underlying mechanics of molecular-motor-assisted transport is such that organelles would be transported to the right place even if new and used organelles had the same probability of attachment to plus-end-directed (and minus-end-directed) motors. It is also demonstrated that the axon with organelle traps and a region with a reversed microtubule polarity would support much smaller organelle fluxes of both new and used organelles than a healthy axon. The flux of organelles is shown to decrease as the width of organelle traps increases. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Modeling bidirectional transport of new and used organelles in fast axonal transport in neurons [texte imprimé] / Andrey V. Kuznetsov, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011007/1-9]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011007/1-9] Mots-clés : Molecular  motors  Fast  axonal  transport  Neurons  Axons  and  dendrites  Intracellular  organelles  Vesicle  traps  Traffic  jams Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : This paper develops a model for simulating transport of newly synthesized material from the neuron body toward the synapse of the axon as well as transport of misfolded and aggregated proteins back to the neuron body for recycling. The model demonstrates that motor-assisted transport, much similar to diffusion, can occur due to a simple concentration difference between the cell body and the synapse; organelles heading to the synapse do not need to attach preferably to plus-end-directed molecular motors, same as organelles heading to the neuron body for recycling do not need to attach preferably to minus-end-directed molecular motors. The underlying mechanics of molecular-motor-assisted transport is such that organelles would be transported to the right place even if new and used organelles had the same probability of attachment to plus-end-directed (and minus-end-directed) motors. It is also demonstrated that the axon with organelle traps and a region with a reversed microtubule polarity would support much smaller organelle fluxes of both new and used organelles than a healthy axon. The flux of organelles is shown to decrease as the width of organelle traps increases. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Metabolic mass transfer in monotonic growth of microorganisms / Peter Vadasz in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011008/1-9] Titre : Metabolic mass transfer in monotonic growth of microorganisms Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter Vadasz, Auteur ; Alisa S. Vadasz, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011008/1-9] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Metabolic  mass  transfer  Monotonic  growth  Microorganisms  Lag Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Microorganism growth and reproduction have been traditionally modeled independently of the direct effect of the metabolic process. The latter caused inconsistencies between the modeling results and experimental data. A major inconsistency was linked to the experimentally observed lag phase in the growth process. Attempts to associate the lag phase to delay processes have been recently proven incorrect. The only other alternative is the existence of unstable stationary states resulting from the explicit inclusion of the metabolic mass transfer process via the resource consumption and utilization. The proposed theory that accounts for the latter is presented, analyzed, and compared with experimental data both qualitatively as well as quantitatively. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Metabolic mass transfer in monotonic growth of microorganisms [texte imprimé] / Peter Vadasz, Auteur ; Alisa S. Vadasz, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011008/1-9]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011008/1-9] Mots-clés : Metabolic  mass  transfer  Monotonic  growth  Microorganisms  Lag Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Microorganism growth and reproduction have been traditionally modeled independently of the direct effect of the metabolic process. The latter caused inconsistencies between the modeling results and experimental data. A major inconsistency was linked to the experimentally observed lag phase in the growth process. Attempts to associate the lag phase to delay processes have been recently proven incorrect. The only other alternative is the existence of unstable stationary states resulting from the explicit inclusion of the metabolic mass transfer process via the resource consumption and utilization. The proposed theory that accounts for the latter is presented, analyzed, and compared with experimental data both qualitatively as well as quantitatively. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Human eye response to thermal disturbances / Maryam Shafahi in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011009/1-7] Titre : Human eye response to thermal disturbances Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Maryam Shafahi, Auteur ; Kambiz Vafai, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011009/1-7] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eye  thermal  modeling  Eye  thermal  disturbance  Bioheat  Biological  tissue  Porous  media  Aqueous  humor Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Human eye is one of the most sensitive parts of the body when exposed to a thermal heat flux. Since there is no barrier (such as skin) to protect the eye against the absorption of an external thermal wave, the external flux can readily interact with cornea. The modeling of heat transport through the human eye has been the subject of interest for years, but the application of a porous media model in this field is new. In this study, a comprehensive thermal analysis has been performed on the eye. The iris/sclera section of the eye is modeled as a porous medium. The primary sections of the eye, i.e., cornea, anterior chamber, posterior chamber, iris/sclera, lens, and vitreous are considered in our analysis utilizing a two-dimensional finite element simulation. Four different models are utilized to evaluate the eye thermal response to external and internal disturbances. Results are shown in terms of temperature profiles along the pupillary axis. Effects of extreme ambient conditions, blood temperature, blood convection coefficient, ambient temperature, sclera porosity, and perfusion rate on different regions of the eye are investigated. Furthermore, the role of primary thermal transport mechanisms on the eye subject to different conditions is analyzed. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Human eye response to thermal disturbances [texte imprimé] / Maryam Shafahi, Auteur ; Kambiz Vafai, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011009/1-7]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011009/1-7] Mots-clés : Eye  thermal  modeling  Eye  thermal  disturbance  Bioheat  Biological  tissue  Porous  media  Aqueous  humor Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Human eye is one of the most sensitive parts of the body when exposed to a thermal heat flux. Since there is no barrier (such as skin) to protect the eye against the absorption of an external thermal wave, the external flux can readily interact with cornea. The modeling of heat transport through the human eye has been the subject of interest for years, but the application of a porous media model in this field is new. In this study, a comprehensive thermal analysis has been performed on the eye. The iris/sclera section of the eye is modeled as a porous medium. The primary sections of the eye, i.e., cornea, anterior chamber, posterior chamber, iris/sclera, lens, and vitreous are considered in our analysis utilizing a two-dimensional finite element simulation. Four different models are utilized to evaluate the eye thermal response to external and internal disturbances. Results are shown in terms of temperature profiles along the pupillary axis. Effects of extreme ambient conditions, blood temperature, blood convection coefficient, ambient temperature, sclera porosity, and perfusion rate on different regions of the eye are investigated. Furthermore, the role of primary thermal transport mechanisms on the eye subject to different conditions is analyzed. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Modeling bioheat transport at macroscale / Liqiu Wang in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011010/1-10] Titre : Modeling bioheat transport at macroscale Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Liqiu Wang, Auteur ; Jing Fan, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011010/1-10] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bioheat  transport  Mixture  theory  Porous-medis  theory  Dual-phase-lagging  Blood-tissue  interaction  Macroscale  Modeling Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Macroscale thermal models have been developed for biological tissues either by the mixture theory of continuum mechanics or by the porous-media theory. The former uses scaling-down from the global scale; the latter applies scaling-up from the microscale by the volume averaging. The used constitutive relations for heat flux density vector include the Fourier law, the Cattaneo–Vernotte (Cattaneo, C., 1958, “A Form of Heat Conduction Equation Which Eliminates the Paradox of Instantaneous Propagation,” Compt. Rend., 247, pp. 431–433; Vernotte, P., 1958, “Les Paradoxes de la Théorie Continue de I'equation de la Chaleur,” Compt. Rend., 246, pp. 3154–3155) theory, and the dual-phase-lagging theory. The developed models contain, for example, the Pennes (1948, “Analysis of Tissue and Arterial Blood Temperature in the Resting Human Forearm,” J. Appl. Physiol., 1, pp. 93–122), Wulff (1974, “The Energy Conservation Equation for Living Tissues,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., BME-21, pp. 494–495), Klinger (1974, “Heat Transfer in Perfused Tissue I: General Theory,” Bull. Math. Biol., 36, pp. 403–415), and Chen and Holmes (1980, “Microvascular Contributions in Tissue Heat Transfer,” Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 335, pp. 137–150), thermal wave bioheat, dual-phase-lagging (DPL) bioheat, two-energy-equations, blood DPL bioheat, and tissue DPL bioheat models. We analyze the methodologies involved in these two approaches, the used constitutive theories for heat flux density vector and the developed models. The analysis shows the simplicity of the mixture theory approach and the powerful capacity of the porous-media approach for effectively developing accurate macroscale thermal models for biological tissues. Future research is in great demand to materialize the promising potential of the porous-media approach by developing a rigorous closure theory. The heterogeneous and nonisotropic nature of biological tissue yields normally a strong noninstantaneous response between heat flux and temperature gradient in nonequilibrium heat transport. Both blood and tissue macroscale temperatures satisfy the DPL-type energy equations with the same values of the phase lags of heat flux and temperature gradient that can be computed in terms of blood and tissue properties, blood-tissue interfacial convective heat transfer coefficient, and blood perfusion rate. The blood-tissue interaction leads to very sophisticated effect of the interfacial convective heat transfer, the blood velocity, the perfusion, and the metabolic reaction on blood and tissue macroscale temperature fields such as the spreading of tissue metabolic heating effect into the blood DPL bioheat equation and the appearance of the convection term in the tissue DPL bioheat equation due to the blood velocity. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Modeling bioheat transport at macroscale [texte imprimé] / Liqiu Wang, Auteur ; Jing Fan, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011010/1-10]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011010/1-10] Mots-clés : Bioheat  transport  Mixture  theory  Porous-medis  theory  Dual-phase-lagging  Blood-tissue  interaction  Macroscale  Modeling Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Macroscale thermal models have been developed for biological tissues either by the mixture theory of continuum mechanics or by the porous-media theory. The former uses scaling-down from the global scale; the latter applies scaling-up from the microscale by the volume averaging. The used constitutive relations for heat flux density vector include the Fourier law, the Cattaneo–Vernotte (Cattaneo, C., 1958, “A Form of Heat Conduction Equation Which Eliminates the Paradox of Instantaneous Propagation,” Compt. Rend., 247, pp. 431–433; Vernotte, P., 1958, “Les Paradoxes de la Théorie Continue de I'equation de la Chaleur,” Compt. Rend., 246, pp. 3154–3155) theory, and the dual-phase-lagging theory. The developed models contain, for example, the Pennes (1948, “Analysis of Tissue and Arterial Blood Temperature in the Resting Human Forearm,” J. Appl. Physiol., 1, pp. 93–122), Wulff (1974, “The Energy Conservation Equation for Living Tissues,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., BME-21, pp. 494–495), Klinger (1974, “Heat Transfer in Perfused Tissue I: General Theory,” Bull. Math. Biol., 36, pp. 403–415), and Chen and Holmes (1980, “Microvascular Contributions in Tissue Heat Transfer,” Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 335, pp. 137–150), thermal wave bioheat, dual-phase-lagging (DPL) bioheat, two-energy-equations, blood DPL bioheat, and tissue DPL bioheat models. We analyze the methodologies involved in these two approaches, the used constitutive theories for heat flux density vector and the developed models. The analysis shows the simplicity of the mixture theory approach and the powerful capacity of the porous-media approach for effectively developing accurate macroscale thermal models for biological tissues. Future research is in great demand to materialize the promising potential of the porous-media approach by developing a rigorous closure theory. The heterogeneous and nonisotropic nature of biological tissue yields normally a strong noninstantaneous response between heat flux and temperature gradient in nonequilibrium heat transport. Both blood and tissue macroscale temperatures satisfy the DPL-type energy equations with the same values of the phase lags of heat flux and temperature gradient that can be computed in terms of blood and tissue properties, blood-tissue interfacial convective heat transfer coefficient, and blood perfusion rate. The blood-tissue interaction leads to very sophisticated effect of the interfacial convective heat transfer, the blood velocity, the perfusion, and the metabolic reaction on blood and tissue macroscale temperature fields such as the spreading of tissue metabolic heating effect into the blood DPL bioheat equation and the appearance of the convection term in the tissue DPL bioheat equation due to the blood velocity. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Skin electroporation with passive transdermal transport theory / S. M. Becker in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011011/1-9] Titre : Skin electroporation with passive transdermal transport theory : a review and a suggestion for future numerical model development Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : S. M. Becker, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011011/1-9] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Transdermal  transport  Skin  Stratum  corneum  Computational  Porous  media  Skin  electroporation Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Skin electroporation is an approach used to enhance the transdermal transport of large molecules in which the skin is exposed to a series of electric pulses, resulting in the structural alteration of the stratum corneum. This article suggests the use of passive transdermal transport models in combination with models depicting the electrically induced structural alterations in order to advance the modeling development of transport associated with skin electroporation. A review of the major physical phenomena observed in skin electroporation transport experiments is provided. A compendium of representative models is made available through a review of the current understanding of the two fields: (1) porous media descriptions of nondestructive transdermal transport and (2) modeling electroporation related structural changes within the skin. To show the applicability and potential of merging transdermal transport modeling with skin electroporation modeling, an example model is developed that combines a brick and mortar style skin representation with a thermodynamic based model of skin electroporation. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Skin electroporation with passive transdermal transport theory : a review and a suggestion for future numerical model development [texte imprimé] / S. M. Becker, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011011/1-9]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011011/1-9] Mots-clés : Transdermal  transport  Skin  Stratum  corneum  Computational  Porous  media  Skin  electroporation Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Skin electroporation is an approach used to enhance the transdermal transport of large molecules in which the skin is exposed to a series of electric pulses, resulting in the structural alteration of the stratum corneum. This article suggests the use of passive transdermal transport models in combination with models depicting the electrically induced structural alterations in order to advance the modeling development of transport associated with skin electroporation. A review of the major physical phenomena observed in skin electroporation transport experiments is provided. A compendium of representative models is made available through a review of the current understanding of the two fields: (1) porous media descriptions of nondestructive transdermal transport and (2) modeling electroporation related structural changes within the skin. To show the applicability and potential of merging transdermal transport modeling with skin electroporation modeling, an example model is developed that combines a brick and mortar style skin representation with a thermodynamic based model of skin electroporation. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Adhesin-specific nanomechanical cantilever biosensors for detection of microorganisms / Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011012/1-5] Titre : Adhesin-specific nanomechanical cantilever biosensors for detection of microorganisms Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng, Auteur ; Yunyan R. Cheng, Auteur ; Reza Saeidpourazar, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. [011012/1-5] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Biosensors  Cantilevers  Microorganisms  Molecular  biophysics Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Lectins (adhesins) on bacterial surfaces play important roles in infection by mediating bacterial adherence to host cell surfaces via their cognate receptors. We have explored the use of alpha-D-mannose receptors as capturing agents for the detection of Escherichia coli using a microcantilever and have demonstrated that E. coli ORN178, which expresses normal type-1 pili, can interact with microcantilevers functionalized with alpha-D-mannose and can cause shifts in its resonance frequencies. Although E. coli ORN208, which expresses abnormal pili, binds poorly to alpha-D-mannose on the nitrocellulose membrane of a FAST slide, it did cause a detectable shift in resonance frequency when interacting with the alpha-D-mannose functionalized microcantilevers. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Adhesin-specific nanomechanical cantilever biosensors for detection of microorganisms [texte imprimé] / Tzuen-Rong J. Tzeng, Auteur ; Yunyan R. Cheng, Auteur ; Reza Saeidpourazar, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. [011012/1-5]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 133 N° 1(N° Spécial) (Janvier 2011) . - pp. [011012/1-5] Mots-clés : Biosensors  Cantilevers  Microorganisms  Molecular  biophysics Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Lectins (adhesins) on bacterial surfaces play important roles in infection by mediating bacterial adherence to host cell surfaces via their cognate receptors. We have explored the use of alpha-D-mannose receptors as capturing agents for the detection of Escherichia coli using a microcantilever and have demonstrated that E. coli ORN178, which expresses normal type-1 pili, can interact with microcantilevers functionalized with alpha-D-mannose and can cause shifts in its resonance frequencies. Although E. coli ORN208, which expresses abnormal pili, binds poorly to alpha-D-mannose on the nitrocellulose membrane of a FAST slide, it did cause a detectable shift in resonance frequency when interacting with the alpha-D-mannose functionalized microcantilevers. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Exemplaires

Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

Accueil

Se connecter

Météo

Adresse