Dépouillements

Estimating the operational impact of container inspections at international ports / Nitin Bakshi in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 1 - 20 Titre : Estimating the operational impact of container inspections at international ports Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nitin Bakshi, Auteur ; Stephen E. Flynn, Auteur ; Noah Gans, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 1 - 20 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Homeland  security  Container  inspections  Queueing  simulation Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : A.U.S. law mandating nonintrusive imaging and radiation detection for 100% of U.S.-bound containers at international ports has provoked widespread concern that the resulting congestion would hinder trade significantly. Using detailed data on container movements, gathered from two large international terminals, we simulate the impact of the two most important inspection policies that are being considered. We find that the current inspection regime being advanced by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security can only handle a small percentage of the total load. An alternate inspection protocol that emphasizes screening—a rapid primary scan of all containers, followed by a more careful secondary scan of only a few containers that fail the primary test—holds promise as a feasible solution for meeting the 100% scanning requirement. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/1 [article] Estimating the operational impact of container inspections at international ports [texte imprimé] / Nitin Bakshi, Auteur ; Stephen E. Flynn, Auteur ; Noah Gans, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 1 - 20. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 1 - 20 Mots-clés : Homeland  security  Container  inspections  Queueing  simulation Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : A.U.S. law mandating nonintrusive imaging and radiation detection for 100% of U.S.-bound containers at international ports has provoked widespread concern that the resulting congestion would hinder trade significantly. Using detailed data on container movements, gathered from two large international terminals, we simulate the impact of the two most important inspection policies that are being considered. We find that the current inspection regime being advanced by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security can only handle a small percentage of the total load. An alternate inspection protocol that emphasizes screening—a rapid primary scan of all containers, followed by a more careful secondary scan of only a few containers that fail the primary test—holds promise as a feasible solution for meeting the 100% scanning requirement. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/1

Carbon capture by fossil fuel power plants / Özge Islegen in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 21-39 Titre : Carbon capture by fossil fuel power plants : An economic analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Özge Islegen, Auteur ; Stefan Reichelstein, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 21-39 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cost–benefit  analysis  Environment  Pollution  Government  Energy  policies  Accounting  Natural  resources  Energy Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : For fossil fuel power plants to be built in the future, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies offer the potential for significant reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We examine the break-even value for CCS adoptions, that is, the critical value in the charge for CO2 emissions that would justify investment in CCS capabilities. Our analysis takes explicitly into account that the supply of electricity at the wholesale level (generation) is organized competitively in some U.S. jurisdictions, whereas in others a regulated utility provides integrated generation and distribution services. For either market structure, we find that emissions charges near $30 per tonne of CO2 would be the break-even value for adopting CCS capabilities at new coal-fired power plants. The corresponding break-even values for natural gas plants are substantially higher, near $60 per tonne. Our break-even estimates serve as a basis for projecting the change in electricity prices once carbon emissions become costly. CCS capabilities effectively put an upper bound on the increase in electricity prices resulting from carbon regulations, and we estimate this bound to be near 30% at the retail level for both coal and natural gas plants. In contrast to the competitive power supply scenario, however, these price increases materialize only gradually for a regulated utility. The delay in price adjustments reflects that for regulated firms the basis for setting product prices is historical cost, rather than current cost. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/21 [article] Carbon capture by fossil fuel power plants : An economic analysis [texte imprimé] / Özge Islegen, Auteur ; Stefan Reichelstein, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 21-39. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 21-39 Mots-clés : Cost–benefit  analysis  Environment  Pollution  Government  Energy  policies  Accounting  Natural  resources  Energy Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : For fossil fuel power plants to be built in the future, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies offer the potential for significant reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We examine the break-even value for CCS adoptions, that is, the critical value in the charge for CO2 emissions that would justify investment in CCS capabilities. Our analysis takes explicitly into account that the supply of electricity at the wholesale level (generation) is organized competitively in some U.S. jurisdictions, whereas in others a regulated utility provides integrated generation and distribution services. For either market structure, we find that emissions charges near $30 per tonne of CO2 would be the break-even value for adopting CCS capabilities at new coal-fired power plants. The corresponding break-even values for natural gas plants are substantially higher, near $60 per tonne. Our break-even estimates serve as a basis for projecting the change in electricity prices once carbon emissions become costly. CCS capabilities effectively put an upper bound on the increase in electricity prices resulting from carbon regulations, and we estimate this bound to be near 30% at the retail level for both coal and natural gas plants. In contrast to the competitive power supply scenario, however, these price increases materialize only gradually for a regulated utility. The delay in price adjustments reflects that for regulated firms the basis for setting product prices is historical cost, rather than current cost. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/21

Quality–speed conundrum / Krishnan S. Anand in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 40-56 Titre : Quality–speed conundrum : Trade-offs in customer-intensive services Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Krishnan S. Anand, Auteur ; M. Fazil Paç, Auteur ; Senthil Veeraraghavan, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 40-56 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Strategic  customers  Queueing  games  Service  operations  Cost  disease Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : In many services, the quality or value provided by the service increases with the time the service provider spends with the customer. However, longer service times also result in longer waits for customers. We term such services, in which the interaction between quality and speed is critical, as customer-intensive services. In a queueing framework, we parameterize the degree of customer intensity of the service. The service speed chosen by the service provider affects the quality of the service through its customer intensity. Customers queue for the service based on service quality, delay costs, and price. We study how a service provider facing such customers makes the optimal "quality–speed trade-off." Our results demonstrate that the customer intensity of the service is a critical driver of equilibrium price, service speed, demand, congestion in queues, and service provider revenues. Customer intensity leads to outcomes very different from those of traditional models of service rate competition. For instance, as the number of competing servers increases, the price increases, and the servers become slower. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/40 [article] Quality–speed conundrum : Trade-offs in customer-intensive services [texte imprimé] / Krishnan S. Anand, Auteur ; M. Fazil Paç, Auteur ; Senthil Veeraraghavan, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 40-56. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 40-56 Mots-clés : Strategic  customers  Queueing  games  Service  operations  Cost  disease Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : In many services, the quality or value provided by the service increases with the time the service provider spends with the customer. However, longer service times also result in longer waits for customers. We term such services, in which the interaction between quality and speed is critical, as customer-intensive services. In a queueing framework, we parameterize the degree of customer intensity of the service. The service speed chosen by the service provider affects the quality of the service through its customer intensity. Customers queue for the service based on service quality, delay costs, and price. We study how a service provider facing such customers makes the optimal "quality–speed trade-off." Our results demonstrate that the customer intensity of the service is a critical driver of equilibrium price, service speed, demand, congestion in queues, and service provider revenues. Customer intensity leads to outcomes very different from those of traditional models of service rate competition. For instance, as the number of competing servers increases, the price increases, and the servers become slower. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/40

Privacy regulation and online advertising / Avi Goldfarb in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 57-71 Titre : Privacy regulation and online advertising Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Avi Goldfarb, Auteur ; Catherine E. Tucker, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 57-71 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Privacy  Online  advertising  Targeting Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Advertisers use online customer data to target their marketing appeals. This has heightened consumers' privacy concerns, leading governments to pass laws designed to protect consumer privacy by restricting the use of data and by restricting online tracking techniques used by websites. We use the responses of 3.3 million survey takers who had been randomly exposed to 9,596 online display (banner) advertising campaigns to explore how privacy regulation in the European Union (EU) has influenced advertising effectiveness. This privacy regulation restricted advertisers' ability to collect data on Web users in order to target ad campaigns. We find that, on average, display advertising became far less effective at changing stated purchase intent after the EU laws were enacted, relative to display advertising in other countries. The loss in effectiveness was more pronounced for websites that had general content (such as news sites), where non-data-driven targeting is particularly hard to do. The loss of effectiveness was also more pronounced for ads with a smaller presence on the webpage and for ads that did not have additional interactive, video, or audio features. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/57 [article] Privacy regulation and online advertising [texte imprimé] / Avi Goldfarb, Auteur ; Catherine E. Tucker, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 57-71. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 57-71 Mots-clés : Privacy  Online  advertising  Targeting Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Advertisers use online customer data to target their marketing appeals. This has heightened consumers' privacy concerns, leading governments to pass laws designed to protect consumer privacy by restricting the use of data and by restricting online tracking techniques used by websites. We use the responses of 3.3 million survey takers who had been randomly exposed to 9,596 online display (banner) advertising campaigns to explore how privacy regulation in the European Union (EU) has influenced advertising effectiveness. This privacy regulation restricted advertisers' ability to collect data on Web users in order to target ad campaigns. We find that, on average, display advertising became far less effective at changing stated purchase intent after the EU laws were enacted, relative to display advertising in other countries. The loss in effectiveness was more pronounced for websites that had general content (such as news sites), where non-data-driven targeting is particularly hard to do. The loss of effectiveness was also more pronounced for ads with a smaller presence on the webpage and for ads that did not have additional interactive, video, or audio features. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/57

An investigation of earnings management through marketing actions / Craig J. Chapman in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 72-92 Titre : An investigation of earnings management through marketing actions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Craig J. Chapman, Auteur ; Thomas J. Steenburgh, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 72-92 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Accounting  Marketing  Pricing  Promotion  Real  earnings  management Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Prior research hypothesizes managers use "real actions," including the reduction of discretionary expenditures, to manage earnings to meet or beat key benchmarks. This paper examines this hypothesis by testing how different types of marketing expenditures are used to boost earnings for a durable commodity consumer product that can be easily stockpiled by end consumers. Combining supermarket scanner data with firm-level financial data, we find evidence that differs from prior literature. Instead of reducing expenditures to boost earnings, soup manufacturers roughly double the frequency and change the mix of marketing promotions (price discounts, feature advertisements, and aisle displays) at the fiscal quarter-end when they have greater incentive to boost earnings. Our results confirm managers' stated willingness to sacrifice long-term value in order to smooth earnings and their stated preference to use real actions to boost earnings to meet different types of earnings benchmarks. We estimate that marketing actions can be used to boost quarterly net income by up to 5% depending on the depth and duration of promotion. However, there is a price to pay, with the cost in the following period being approximately 7.5% of quarterly net income. Finally, a unique aspect of the research setting allows tests of who is responsible for the earnings management. Although firms appear unable to increase the frequency of aisle display promotions in the short run, they can reallocate these promotions within their portfolio of brands. Results show firms shifting display promotions away from smaller revenue brands toward larger ones following periods of poor financial performance. This indicates the behavior is determined by parties above brand managers in the firm. These findings are consistent with firms engaging in real earnings management and suggest that effects on subsequent reporting periods and competitor behavior are greater than previously documented. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/72 [article] An investigation of earnings management through marketing actions [texte imprimé] / Craig J. Chapman, Auteur ; Thomas J. Steenburgh, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 72-92. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 72-92 Mots-clés : Accounting  Marketing  Pricing  Promotion  Real  earnings  management Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Prior research hypothesizes managers use "real actions," including the reduction of discretionary expenditures, to manage earnings to meet or beat key benchmarks. This paper examines this hypothesis by testing how different types of marketing expenditures are used to boost earnings for a durable commodity consumer product that can be easily stockpiled by end consumers. Combining supermarket scanner data with firm-level financial data, we find evidence that differs from prior literature. Instead of reducing expenditures to boost earnings, soup manufacturers roughly double the frequency and change the mix of marketing promotions (price discounts, feature advertisements, and aisle displays) at the fiscal quarter-end when they have greater incentive to boost earnings. Our results confirm managers' stated willingness to sacrifice long-term value in order to smooth earnings and their stated preference to use real actions to boost earnings to meet different types of earnings benchmarks. We estimate that marketing actions can be used to boost quarterly net income by up to 5% depending on the depth and duration of promotion. However, there is a price to pay, with the cost in the following period being approximately 7.5% of quarterly net income. Finally, a unique aspect of the research setting allows tests of who is responsible for the earnings management. Although firms appear unable to increase the frequency of aisle display promotions in the short run, they can reallocate these promotions within their portfolio of brands. Results show firms shifting display promotions away from smaller revenue brands toward larger ones following periods of poor financial performance. This indicates the behavior is determined by parties above brand managers in the firm. These findings are consistent with firms engaging in real earnings management and suggest that effects on subsequent reporting periods and competitor behavior are greater than previously documented. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/72

Competing to be certain (But Wrong) / Joseph R. Radzevick in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 93-106 Titre : Competing to be certain (But Wrong) : Market dynamics and excessive confidence in judgment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Joseph R. Radzevick, Auteur ; Don A. Moore, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 93-106 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Overconfidence  Advice  Competition  Markets  Judgment Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : In this paper, we investigate how market competition contributes to the expression of overconfidence among those competing for influence. We find evidence that market competition exacerbates the tendency to express excessive confidence. This evidence comes from experiments in which advisors attempt to sell their advice. In the first, advisors must compete with other advice sellers. In the second, advisors and their customers are paired. Advisors are overconfident in both studies and it helps advisors sell their advice. However, competition between advisors in the market further exacerbates overconfidence. In a third study, we demonstrate that the market competition drives overconfidence even when advisors vary in quality. We also investigate the strategic expressions and interpretations of confidence by both sides in the exchange. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/93 [article] Competing to be certain (But Wrong) : Market dynamics and excessive confidence in judgment [texte imprimé] / Joseph R. Radzevick, Auteur ; Don A. Moore, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 93-106. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 93-106 Mots-clés : Overconfidence  Advice  Competition  Markets  Judgment Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : In this paper, we investigate how market competition contributes to the expression of overconfidence among those competing for influence. We find evidence that market competition exacerbates the tendency to express excessive confidence. This evidence comes from experiments in which advisors attempt to sell their advice. In the first, advisors must compete with other advice sellers. In the second, advisors and their customers are paired. Advisors are overconfident in both studies and it helps advisors sell their advice. However, competition between advisors in the market further exacerbates overconfidence. In a third study, we demonstrate that the market competition drives overconfidence even when advisors vary in quality. We also investigate the strategic expressions and interpretations of confidence by both sides in the exchange. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/93

Opportunity spaces in innovation / Laura J. Kornish in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 107-128 Titre : Opportunity spaces in innovation : Empirical analysis of large samples of ideas Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Laura J. Kornish, Auteur ; Karl T. Ulrich, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 107-128 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Search  Opportunity  Opportunities  Idea  Ideation  Idea  generation  Innovation  Creativity  Innovation  process  Opportunity  identification  Concept  development  Product  development  Product  design  Entrepreneurship Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : A common approach to innovation, parallel search, is to identify a large number of opportunities and then to select a subset for further development, with just a few coming to fruition. One potential weakness with parallel search is that it permits repetition. The same, or a similar, idea might be generated multiple times, because parallel exploration processes typically operate without information about the ideas that have already been identified. In this paper we analyze repetition in five data sets comprising 1,368 opportunities and use that analysis to address three questions: (1) When a large number of efforts to generate ideas are conducted in parallel, how likely are the resulting ideas to be redundant? (2) How large are the opportunity spaces? (3) Are the unique ideas more valuable than those similar to many others? The answer to the first question is that although there is clearly some redundancy in the ideas generated by aggregating parallel efforts, this redundancy is quite small in absolute terms in our data, even for a narrowly defined domain. For the second question, we propose a method to extrapolate how many unique ideas would result from an unbounded effort by an unlimited number of comparable idea generators. Applying that method, and for the settings we study, the estimated total number of unique ideas is about one thousand for the most narrowly defined domain and greater than two thousand for the more broadly defined domains. On the third question, we find a positive relationship between the number of similar ideas and idea value: the ideas that are least similar to others are not generally the most valuable ones. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/107 [article] Opportunity spaces in innovation : Empirical analysis of large samples of ideas [texte imprimé] / Laura J. Kornish, Auteur ; Karl T. Ulrich, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 107-128. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 107-128 Mots-clés : Search  Opportunity  Opportunities  Idea  Ideation  Idea  generation  Innovation  Creativity  Innovation  process  Opportunity  identification  Concept  development  Product  development  Product  design  Entrepreneurship Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : A common approach to innovation, parallel search, is to identify a large number of opportunities and then to select a subset for further development, with just a few coming to fruition. One potential weakness with parallel search is that it permits repetition. The same, or a similar, idea might be generated multiple times, because parallel exploration processes typically operate without information about the ideas that have already been identified. In this paper we analyze repetition in five data sets comprising 1,368 opportunities and use that analysis to address three questions: (1) When a large number of efforts to generate ideas are conducted in parallel, how likely are the resulting ideas to be redundant? (2) How large are the opportunity spaces? (3) Are the unique ideas more valuable than those similar to many others? The answer to the first question is that although there is clearly some redundancy in the ideas generated by aggregating parallel efforts, this redundancy is quite small in absolute terms in our data, even for a narrowly defined domain. For the second question, we propose a method to extrapolate how many unique ideas would result from an unbounded effort by an unlimited number of comparable idea generators. Applying that method, and for the settings we study, the estimated total number of unique ideas is about one thousand for the most narrowly defined domain and greater than two thousand for the more broadly defined domains. On the third question, we find a positive relationship between the number of similar ideas and idea value: the ideas that are least similar to others are not generally the most valuable ones. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/107

Recruiting for ideas / Jasjit Singh in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 129-150 Titre : Recruiting for ideas : How firms exploit the prior inventions of new hires Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jasjit Singh, Auteur ; Ajay Agrawal, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 129-150 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Inventor  mobility  Access  to  ideas  Knowledge  spillovers  Learning  by  hiring  Difference  in  differences  Coarsened  exact  matching  Collaborative  networks  Patent  citations Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : When firms recruit inventors, they acquire not only the use of their skills but also enhanced access to their stock of ideas. But do hiring firms actually increase their use of new recruits' prior inventions? Our estimates suggest they do, quite significantly in fact, by approximately 219% on average. However, this does not necessarily reflect widespread "learning by hiring." In fact, we estimate that a recruit's exploitation of her own prior ideas accounts for almost half of the above effect, with much of the diffusion to others being limited to the recruit's immediate collaborative network. Furthermore, although one might expect the recruit's role to diminish rapidly as her tacit knowledge diffuses across her new firm, our estimates indicate that her importance is surprisingly persistent over time. We base these findings on an empirical strategy that exploits the variation over time in hiring firms' citations to the recruits' premove patents. Specifically, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to compare premove versus postmove citation rates for the recruits' prior patents and corresponding matched-pair control patents. Our methodology has three benefits compared to previous studies that also examine the link between labor mobility and knowledge flow: (1) it does not suffer from the upward bias inherent in the conventional cross-sectional comparison, (2) it generates results that are robust to a more stringently matched control sample, and (3) it enables a temporal examination of knowledge flow patterns. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/129 [article] Recruiting for ideas : How firms exploit the prior inventions of new hires [texte imprimé] / Jasjit Singh, Auteur ; Ajay Agrawal, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 129-150. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 129-150 Mots-clés : Inventor  mobility  Access  to  ideas  Knowledge  spillovers  Learning  by  hiring  Difference  in  differences  Coarsened  exact  matching  Collaborative  networks  Patent  citations Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : When firms recruit inventors, they acquire not only the use of their skills but also enhanced access to their stock of ideas. But do hiring firms actually increase their use of new recruits' prior inventions? Our estimates suggest they do, quite significantly in fact, by approximately 219% on average. However, this does not necessarily reflect widespread "learning by hiring." In fact, we estimate that a recruit's exploitation of her own prior ideas accounts for almost half of the above effect, with much of the diffusion to others being limited to the recruit's immediate collaborative network. Furthermore, although one might expect the recruit's role to diminish rapidly as her tacit knowledge diffuses across her new firm, our estimates indicate that her importance is surprisingly persistent over time. We base these findings on an empirical strategy that exploits the variation over time in hiring firms' citations to the recruits' premove patents. Specifically, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to compare premove versus postmove citation rates for the recruits' prior patents and corresponding matched-pair control patents. Our methodology has three benefits compared to previous studies that also examine the link between labor mobility and knowledge flow: (1) it does not suffer from the upward bias inherent in the conventional cross-sectional comparison, (2) it generates results that are robust to a more stringently matched control sample, and (3) it enables a temporal examination of knowledge flow patterns. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/129

Grammar-based integer programming models for multiactivity shift scheduling / Marie-Claude Côté in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 151-163 Titre : Grammar-based integer programming models for multiactivity shift scheduling Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marie-Claude Côté, Auteur ; Bernard Gendron, Auteur ; Louis-Martin Rousseau, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 151-163 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Shift  scheduling  Implicit  models  Mixed  integer  programming  Context-free  grammars Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper presents a new implicit formulation for shift scheduling problems, using context-free grammars to model the rules for the composition of shifts. From the grammar, we generate an integer programming (IP) model having a linear programming relaxation equivalent to that of the classical set covering model. When solved by a state-of-the-art IP solver on problem instances with a small number of shifts, our model, the set covering formulation, and a typical implicit model from the literature yield comparable solution times. On instances with a large number of shifts, our formulation shows superior performance and can model a wider variety of constraints. In particular, multiactivity cases, which cannot be modeled by existing implicit formulations, can easily be handled with grammars. We present comparative experimental results on a large set of instances involving one work activity, as well as on problems dealing with up to 10 work activities. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/151 [article] Grammar-based integer programming models for multiactivity shift scheduling [texte imprimé] / Marie-Claude Côté, Auteur ; Bernard Gendron, Auteur ; Louis-Martin Rousseau, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 151-163. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 151-163 Mots-clés : Shift  scheduling  Implicit  models  Mixed  integer  programming  Context-free  grammars Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper presents a new implicit formulation for shift scheduling problems, using context-free grammars to model the rules for the composition of shifts. From the grammar, we generate an integer programming (IP) model having a linear programming relaxation equivalent to that of the classical set covering model. When solved by a state-of-the-art IP solver on problem instances with a small number of shifts, our model, the set covering formulation, and a typical implicit model from the literature yield comparable solution times. On instances with a large number of shifts, our formulation shows superior performance and can model a wider variety of constraints. In particular, multiactivity cases, which cannot be modeled by existing implicit formulations, can easily be handled with grammars. We present comparative experimental results on a large set of instances involving one work activity, as well as on problems dealing with up to 10 work activities. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/151

Information goods vs. industrial goods / Roy Jones in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 164-176 Titre : Information goods vs. industrial goods : Cost structure and competition Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Roy Jones, Auteur ; Haim Mendelson, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 164-176 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Information  goods  Convex  development  cost  Product  and  price  competition Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We study markets for information goods and find that they differ significantly from markets for traditional industrial goods. Markets for information goods in which products are vertically differentiated lack the segmentation inherent in markets for industrial goods. As a result, a monopoly will offer only a single product. Competition leads to highly concentrated information-good markets, with the leading firm behaving almost like a monopoly even with free entry and without network effects. We study how the structure of the firms' cost functions drives our results. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/164 [article] Information goods vs. industrial goods : Cost structure and competition [texte imprimé] / Roy Jones, Auteur ; Haim Mendelson, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 164-176. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 164-176 Mots-clés : Information  goods  Convex  development  cost  Product  and  price  competition Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We study markets for information goods and find that they differ significantly from markets for traditional industrial goods. Markets for information goods in which products are vertically differentiated lack the segmentation inherent in markets for industrial goods. As a result, a monopoly will offer only a single product. Competition leads to highly concentrated information-good markets, with the leading firm behaving almost like a monopoly even with free entry and without network effects. We study how the structure of the firms' cost functions drives our results. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/164

Do auctioneers pick optimal reserve prices? / Andrew M. Davis in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 177-192 Titre : Do auctioneers pick optimal reserve prices? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Andrew M. Davis, Auteur ; Elena Katok, Auteur ; Anthony M. Kwasnica, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 177-192 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reserve  prices  Procurement  auctions  Behavioral  operations Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We investigate how auctioneers set reserve prices in auctions. A well-established theoretical result, assuming risk neutrality of the seller, is that the optimal reserve price should not depend on the number of participating bidders. In a set of controlled laboratory experiments, we find that seller behavior often deviates from the theoretical benchmarks. We extend the existing theory to explore three alternative explanations for our results: risk aversion, anticipated regret, and probability weighting. After fitting our data to each of these models through parameter estimation techniques on both an aggregate and individual level, we find that all three models are consistent with some of the characteristics of our data, but that the regret model provides a slightly more favorable fit overall. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/177 [article] Do auctioneers pick optimal reserve prices? [texte imprimé] / Andrew M. Davis, Auteur ; Elena Katok, Auteur ; Anthony M. Kwasnica, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 177-192. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 177-192 Mots-clés : Reserve  prices  Procurement  auctions  Behavioral  operations Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We investigate how auctioneers set reserve prices in auctions. A well-established theoretical result, assuming risk neutrality of the seller, is that the optimal reserve price should not depend on the number of participating bidders. In a set of controlled laboratory experiments, we find that seller behavior often deviates from the theoretical benchmarks. We extend the existing theory to explore three alternative explanations for our results: risk aversion, anticipated regret, and probability weighting. After fitting our data to each of these models through parameter estimation techniques on both an aggregate and individual level, we find that all three models are consistent with some of the characteristics of our data, but that the regret model provides a slightly more favorable fit overall. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/177

Understanding the two components of risk attitudes / Jianying Qiu in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 193-199 Titre : Understanding the two components of risk attitudes : An experimental analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jianying Qiu, Auteur ; Eva-Maria Steiger, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 193-199 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Risk  attitude  Cumulative  prospect  theory  Experimental  study Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Cumulative prospect theory introduced the weighting of probabilities as an additional component to capture risk attitudes. However, this addition would be a less significant challenge to expected utility theory (EU) if utility curvature and probability weighting showed strong positive correlation. In that case the utility curvature in EU alone, although not properly describing risky behavior in general, would still capture most of the variance of individual risk aversion. This study provides experimental evidence that such a strong and positive correlation does not exist. Although most individuals exhibit concave utility and convex probability weighting, the two components show no strong positive correlation. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/193 [article] Understanding the two components of risk attitudes : An experimental analysis [texte imprimé] / Jianying Qiu, Auteur ; Eva-Maria Steiger, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 193-199. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 193-199 Mots-clés : Risk  attitude  Cumulative  prospect  theory  Experimental  study Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Cumulative prospect theory introduced the weighting of probabilities as an additional component to capture risk attitudes. However, this addition would be a less significant challenge to expected utility theory (EU) if utility curvature and probability weighting showed strong positive correlation. In that case the utility curvature in EU alone, although not properly describing risky behavior in general, would still capture most of the variance of individual risk aversion. This study provides experimental evidence that such a strong and positive correlation does not exist. Although most individuals exhibit concave utility and convex probability weighting, the two components show no strong positive correlation. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/193

Ranking intervals and dominance relations for ratio-based efficiency analysis / Ahti Salo in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 200-214 Titre : Ranking intervals and dominance relations for ratio-based efficiency analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ahti Salo, Auteur ; Antti Punkka, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 200-214 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Efficiency  analysis  Data  envelopment  analysis  Preference  modeling Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We develop comparative results for ratio-based efficiency analysis (REA) based on the decision-making units' (DMUs') relative efficiencies over sets of feasible weights that characterize preferences for input and output variables. Specifically, we determine (i) ranking intervals, which indicate the best and worst efficiency rankings that a DMU can attain relative to other DMUs; (ii) dominance relations, which show what other DMUs a given DMU dominates in pairwise efficiency comparisons; and (iii) efficiency bounds, which show how much more efficient a given DMU can be relative to some other DMU or a subset of other DMUs. Unlike conventional efficiency scores, these results are insensitive to outlier DMUs. They also show how the DMUs' efficiency ratios relate to each other for all feasible weights, rather than for those weights only for which the data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency score of some DMU is maximized. We illustrate the usefulness of these results by revisiting reported DEA studies and by describing a recent case study on the efficiency comparison of university departments. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/200 [article] Ranking intervals and dominance relations for ratio-based efficiency analysis [texte imprimé] / Ahti Salo, Auteur ; Antti Punkka, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 200-214. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 1 (Janvier 2011) . - pp. 200-214 Mots-clés : Efficiency  analysis  Data  envelopment  analysis  Preference  modeling Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We develop comparative results for ratio-based efficiency analysis (REA) based on the decision-making units' (DMUs') relative efficiencies over sets of feasible weights that characterize preferences for input and output variables. Specifically, we determine (i) ranking intervals, which indicate the best and worst efficiency rankings that a DMU can attain relative to other DMUs; (ii) dominance relations, which show what other DMUs a given DMU dominates in pairwise efficiency comparisons; and (iii) efficiency bounds, which show how much more efficient a given DMU can be relative to some other DMU or a subset of other DMUs. Unlike conventional efficiency scores, these results are insensitive to outlier DMUs. They also show how the DMUs' efficiency ratios relate to each other for all feasible weights, rather than for those weights only for which the data envelopment analysis (DEA) efficiency score of some DMU is maximized. We illustrate the usefulness of these results by revisiting reported DEA studies and by describing a recent case study on the efficiency comparison of university departments. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/1/200

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