Dépouillements

Noncompete covenants / Sampsa Samila in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 425-438 Titre : Noncompete covenants : Incentives to innovate or impediments to growth Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sampsa Samila, Auteur ; Olav Sorenson, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 425-438 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Venture  capital  Financial  intermediaries  Legal  institutions  Entrepreneurship  Employment  Innovation  Wages Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We find that the enforcement of noncompete clauses significantly impedes entrepreneurship and employment growth. Based on a panel of metropolitan areas in the United States from 1993 to 2002, our results indicate that, relative to states that enforce noncompete covenants, an increase in the local supply of venture capital in states that restrict the scope of these agreements has significantly stronger positive effects on (i) the number of patents, (ii) the number of firm starts, and (iii) employment. We address potential endogeneity in the supply of venture capital by using endowment returns as an instrumental variable. Our results point to a strong interaction between financial intermediation and the legal regime in promoting entrepreneurship and economic growth. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/425 [article] Noncompete covenants : Incentives to innovate or impediments to growth [texte imprimé] / Sampsa Samila, Auteur ; Olav Sorenson, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 425-438. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 425-438 Mots-clés : Venture  capital  Financial  intermediaries  Legal  institutions  Entrepreneurship  Employment  Innovation  Wages Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We find that the enforcement of noncompete clauses significantly impedes entrepreneurship and employment growth. Based on a panel of metropolitan areas in the United States from 1993 to 2002, our results indicate that, relative to states that enforce noncompete covenants, an increase in the local supply of venture capital in states that restrict the scope of these agreements has significantly stronger positive effects on (i) the number of patents, (ii) the number of firm starts, and (iii) employment. We address potential endogeneity in the supply of venture capital by using endowment returns as an instrumental variable. Our results point to a strong interaction between financial intermediation and the legal regime in promoting entrepreneurship and economic growth. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/425

Organizing contests for status / Matthew S. Bothner in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 439-457 Titre : Organizing contests for status : The matthew effect vs. the mark effect Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Matthew S. Bothner, Auteur ; Joel M. Podolny, Auteur ; Edward Bishop Smith, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 439-457 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Networks  Graphs  Theory  Organizational  studies  Design  Effectiveness  Performance  Status  Leadership Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : What is the best way to design tournaments for status, in which individuals labor primarily for the esteem of their peers? What process, in other words, should organizers of status-based contests impose upon those who covet peer recognition? We propose a formal model of status-based competition that contrasts two competing alternatives. The first, following Merton, is the "Matthew Effect," according to which a tournament's architect directs slack resources to elite actors and thus widens the distribution of rewards by favoring cumulative advantage. The second is the "Mark Effect," under which a tournament's designer instead pushes slack resources to marginal actors and thus tightens the distribution of rewards. Our results suggest that although the Mark Effect is better for the social welfare of most tournaments, the Matthew Effect is preferable in two distinct contexts: in small tournaments where variation in underlying ability translates into acute advantages for the most capable contestants; and in large tournaments whose contestants face constant, rather than rising, marginal costs—a condition we relate to contestants' perception of their work as intrinsically valuable. Our contributions are twofold: We find, counter to the thrust of Merton's work, that cumulative advantage is not invariably optimal for the functioning of status contests; and we identify circumstances in which the production of superstars is likely to make contests for status better off in aggregate. Implications for future research on status and management are discussed. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/439 [article] Organizing contests for status : The matthew effect vs. the mark effect [texte imprimé] / Matthew S. Bothner, Auteur ; Joel M. Podolny, Auteur ; Edward Bishop Smith, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 439-457. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 439-457 Mots-clés : Networks  Graphs  Theory  Organizational  studies  Design  Effectiveness  Performance  Status  Leadership Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : What is the best way to design tournaments for status, in which individuals labor primarily for the esteem of their peers? What process, in other words, should organizers of status-based contests impose upon those who covet peer recognition? We propose a formal model of status-based competition that contrasts two competing alternatives. The first, following Merton, is the "Matthew Effect," according to which a tournament's architect directs slack resources to elite actors and thus widens the distribution of rewards by favoring cumulative advantage. The second is the "Mark Effect," under which a tournament's designer instead pushes slack resources to marginal actors and thus tightens the distribution of rewards. Our results suggest that although the Mark Effect is better for the social welfare of most tournaments, the Matthew Effect is preferable in two distinct contexts: in small tournaments where variation in underlying ability translates into acute advantages for the most capable contestants; and in large tournaments whose contestants face constant, rather than rising, marginal costs—a condition we relate to contestants' perception of their work as intrinsically valuable. Our contributions are twofold: We find, counter to the thrust of Merton's work, that cumulative advantage is not invariably optimal for the functioning of status contests; and we identify circumstances in which the production of superstars is likely to make contests for status better off in aggregate. Implications for future research on status and management are discussed. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/439

Search engine advertising / Avi Goldfarb in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 458-470 Titre : Search engine advertising : Channel substitution when pricing ads to context Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Avi Goldfarb, Auteur ; Catherine Tucker, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 458-470 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Advertising  and  media  Information  systems  IT  policy  and  management  Electronic  commerce  Search  engine  advertising Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We explore substitution patterns across advertising platforms. Using data on the advertising prices paid by lawyers for 139 Google search terms in 195 locations, we exploit a natural experiment in "ambulance-chaser" regulations across states. When lawyers cannot contact clients by mail, advertising prices per click for search engine advertisements are 5%–7% higher. Therefore, online advertising substitutes for offline advertising. This substitution toward online advertising is strongest in markets with fewer customers, suggesting that the relationship between the online and offline media is mediated by the marketers' need to target their communications. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/458 [article] Search engine advertising : Channel substitution when pricing ads to context [texte imprimé] / Avi Goldfarb, Auteur ; Catherine Tucker, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 458-470. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 458-470 Mots-clés : Advertising  and  media  Information  systems  IT  policy  and  management  Electronic  commerce  Search  engine  advertising Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We explore substitution patterns across advertising platforms. Using data on the advertising prices paid by lawyers for 139 Google search terms in 195 locations, we exploit a natural experiment in "ambulance-chaser" regulations across states. When lawyers cannot contact clients by mail, advertising prices per click for search engine advertisements are 5%–7% higher. Therefore, online advertising substitutes for offline advertising. This substitution toward online advertising is strongest in markets with fewer customers, suggesting that the relationship between the online and offline media is mediated by the marketers' need to target their communications. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/458

Portfolio dynamics for customers of a multiservice provider / David A. Schweidel in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 471-486 Titre : Portfolio dynamics for customers of a multiservice provider Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David A. Schweidel, Auteur ; Eric T. Bradlow, Auteur ; Peter S. Fader, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 471-486 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Customer  relationship  management  Dynamic  hidden  Markov  model  Customer  value Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Multiservice providers, such as telecommunication and financial service companies, can benefit from understanding how customers' service portfolios evolve over the course of their relationships. This can provide guidance for managerial issues such as customer valuation and predicting customers' future behavior, whether it is acquiring additional services, selectively dropping current services, or ending the relationship entirely. In this research, we develop a dynamic hidden Markov model to identify latent states that govern customers' affinity for the available services through which customers evolve. In addition, we incorporate and demonstrate the importance of separating two other sources of dynamics: portfolio inertia and service stickiness. We then examine the relationship between state membership and managerially relevant metrics, including customers' propensities for acquiring additional services or terminating the relationship, and customer lifetime value. Through a series of illustrative vignettes, we show that customers who have discarded a particular service may have an increased risk of canceling all services in the near future (as intuition would suggest) but also may be more prone to acquire more services, a provocative finding of interest to service providers. Our findings also emphasize the need to look beyond the previous period, as in much current research, and consider how customers have evolved over their entire relationship in order to predict their future actions. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/471 [article] Portfolio dynamics for customers of a multiservice provider [texte imprimé] / David A. Schweidel, Auteur ; Eric T. Bradlow, Auteur ; Peter S. Fader, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 471-486. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 471-486 Mots-clés : Customer  relationship  management  Dynamic  hidden  Markov  model  Customer  value Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Multiservice providers, such as telecommunication and financial service companies, can benefit from understanding how customers' service portfolios evolve over the course of their relationships. This can provide guidance for managerial issues such as customer valuation and predicting customers' future behavior, whether it is acquiring additional services, selectively dropping current services, or ending the relationship entirely. In this research, we develop a dynamic hidden Markov model to identify latent states that govern customers' affinity for the available services through which customers evolve. In addition, we incorporate and demonstrate the importance of separating two other sources of dynamics: portfolio inertia and service stickiness. We then examine the relationship between state membership and managerially relevant metrics, including customers' propensities for acquiring additional services or terminating the relationship, and customer lifetime value. Through a series of illustrative vignettes, we show that customers who have discarded a particular service may have an increased risk of canceling all services in the near future (as intuition would suggest) but also may be more prone to acquire more services, a provocative finding of interest to service providers. Our findings also emphasize the need to look beyond the previous period, as in much current research, and consider how customers have evolved over their entire relationship in order to predict their future actions. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/471

A new goodness-of-fit test for event forecasting and its application to credit defaults / Andreas Blöchlinger in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 487-505 Titre : A new goodness-of-fit test for event forecasting and its application to credit defaults Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Andreas Blöchlinger, Auteur ; Markus Leippold, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 487-505 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Out-of-sample  validation  Probability  calibration  Hosmer–Lemeshow  statistic  Bernoulli  mixture  models  Credit  risk Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We develop a new goodness-of-fit test for validating the performance of probability forecasts. Our test statistic is particularly powerful under sparseness and dependence in the observed data. To build our test statistic, we start from a formal definition of calibrated forecasts, which we operationalize by introducing two components. The first component tests the level of the estimated probabilities; the second validates the shape, measuring the differentiation between high and low probability events. After constructing test statistics for both level and shape, we provide a global goodness-of-fit statistic, which is asymptotically {chi}2 distributed. In a simulation exercise, we find that our approach is correctly sized and more powerful than alternative statistics. In particular, our shape statistic is significantly more powerful than the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Under independence, our global test has significantly greater power than the popular Hosmer–Lemeshow's {chi}2 test. Moreover, even under dependence, our global test remains correctly sized and consistent. As a timely and important empirical application of our method, we study the validation of a forecasting model for credit default events. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/487 [article] A new goodness-of-fit test for event forecasting and its application to credit defaults [texte imprimé] / Andreas Blöchlinger, Auteur ; Markus Leippold, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 487-505. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 487-505 Mots-clés : Out-of-sample  validation  Probability  calibration  Hosmer–Lemeshow  statistic  Bernoulli  mixture  models  Credit  risk Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We develop a new goodness-of-fit test for validating the performance of probability forecasts. Our test statistic is particularly powerful under sparseness and dependence in the observed data. To build our test statistic, we start from a formal definition of calibrated forecasts, which we operationalize by introducing two components. The first component tests the level of the estimated probabilities; the second validates the shape, measuring the differentiation between high and low probability events. After constructing test statistics for both level and shape, we provide a global goodness-of-fit statistic, which is asymptotically {chi}2 distributed. In a simulation exercise, we find that our approach is correctly sized and more powerful than alternative statistics. In particular, our shape statistic is significantly more powerful than the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Under independence, our global test has significantly greater power than the popular Hosmer–Lemeshow's {chi}2 test. Moreover, even under dependence, our global test remains correctly sized and consistent. As a timely and important empirical application of our method, we study the validation of a forecasting model for credit default events. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/487

Reference-point formation and updating / Manel Baucells in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 506-519 Titre : Reference-point formation and updating Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Manel Baucells, Auteur ; Martin Weber, Auteur ; Frank Welfens, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 506-519 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reference-point  formation  Reference-dependent  preferences  Disposition  effect  Probability  weighting Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Reference-dependent preferences have been well accepted in decision sciences, experimental economics, behavioral finance, and marketing. However, we still know very little about how decision makers form and update their reference points given a sequence of information. Our paper provides some novel experiments in a financial context to advance the understanding of reference-point formation over time. Our subjects' reference price is best described as a combination of the first and the last price of the time series, with intermediate prices receiving smaller and nondecaying weights. Hence, reference prices are not recursive. We provide a parsimonious formula to predict the reference points, which we test out-of-sample. The fit of the model is reasonably good. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/506 [article] Reference-point formation and updating [texte imprimé] / Manel Baucells, Auteur ; Martin Weber, Auteur ; Frank Welfens, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 506-519. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 506-519 Mots-clés : Reference-point  formation  Reference-dependent  preferences  Disposition  effect  Probability  weighting Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Reference-dependent preferences have been well accepted in decision sciences, experimental economics, behavioral finance, and marketing. However, we still know very little about how decision makers form and update their reference points given a sequence of information. Our paper provides some novel experiments in a financial context to advance the understanding of reference-point formation over time. Our subjects' reference price is best described as a combination of the first and the last price of the time series, with intermediate prices receiving smaller and nondecaying weights. Hence, reference prices are not recursive. We provide a parsimonious formula to predict the reference points, which we test out-of-sample. The fit of the model is reasonably good. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/506

Evaluating heuristics used when designing product costing systems / Ramji Balakrishnan in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 520-541 Titre : Evaluating heuristics used when designing product costing systems Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ramji Balakrishnan, Auteur ; Stephen Hansen, Auteur ; Eva Labro, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 520-541 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Costing  Estimation  Activity-based  costing  Cost  drivers  Cost  pools Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The academic and practitioner literature justifies firms' use of product costs in product pricing and capacity planning decisions as heuristics to address an otherwise intractable problem. However, product costs are the output of a cost reporting system, which itself is the outcome of heuristic design choices. In particular, because of informational limitations, when designing cost systems firms use simple rules of thumb to group resources into cost pools and to select drivers used to allocate the pooled costs to products. Using simulations, we examine how popular choices in costing system design influence the error in reported costs. Taking information needs into account, we offer alternative ways to translate the vague guidance in the literature to implementable methods. Specifically, we compare size-based rules for forming cost pools with more informationally demanding correlation-based rules and develop a blended method that performs well in terms of accuracy. In addition, our analysis suggests that significant gains can be made from using a composite driver rather than selecting a driver based on the consumption pattern for the largest resource only, especially when combined with correlation-based rules to group resources. We vary properties of the underlying cost structure (such as the skewness in resource costs, the traceability of resources to products, the sharing of resources across products, and the variance in resource consumption patterns) to address the generalizability of our findings and to show when different heuristics might be preferred. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/520 [article] Evaluating heuristics used when designing product costing systems [texte imprimé] / Ramji Balakrishnan, Auteur ; Stephen Hansen, Auteur ; Eva Labro, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 520-541. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 520-541 Mots-clés : Costing  Estimation  Activity-based  costing  Cost  drivers  Cost  pools Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The academic and practitioner literature justifies firms' use of product costs in product pricing and capacity planning decisions as heuristics to address an otherwise intractable problem. However, product costs are the output of a cost reporting system, which itself is the outcome of heuristic design choices. In particular, because of informational limitations, when designing cost systems firms use simple rules of thumb to group resources into cost pools and to select drivers used to allocate the pooled costs to products. Using simulations, we examine how popular choices in costing system design influence the error in reported costs. Taking information needs into account, we offer alternative ways to translate the vague guidance in the literature to implementable methods. Specifically, we compare size-based rules for forming cost pools with more informationally demanding correlation-based rules and develop a blended method that performs well in terms of accuracy. In addition, our analysis suggests that significant gains can be made from using a composite driver rather than selecting a driver based on the consumption pattern for the largest resource only, especially when combined with correlation-based rules to group resources. We vary properties of the underlying cost structure (such as the skewness in resource costs, the traceability of resources to products, the sharing of resources across products, and the variance in resource consumption patterns) to address the generalizability of our findings and to show when different heuristics might be preferred. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/520

A model of probabilistic choice satisfying first-order stochastic dominance / Pavlo R. Blavatskyy in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 542-548 Titre : A model of probabilistic choice satisfying first-order stochastic dominance Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Pavlo R. Blavatskyy, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 542-548 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Probabilistic  choice  First-order  stochastic  dominance  Random  utility  Strong  utility Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper presents a new model of probabilistic binary choice under risk. In this model, a decision maker always satisfies first-order stochastic dominance. If neither lottery stochastically dominates the other alternative, a decision maker chooses in a probabilistic manner. The proposed model is derived from four standard axioms (completeness, weak stochastic transitivity, continuity, and common consequence independence) and two relatively new axioms. The proposed model provides a better fit to experimental data than do existing models. The baseline model can be extended to other domains such as modeling variable consumer demand. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/542 [article] A model of probabilistic choice satisfying first-order stochastic dominance [texte imprimé] / Pavlo R. Blavatskyy, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 542-548. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 542-548 Mots-clés : Probabilistic  choice  First-order  stochastic  dominance  Random  utility  Strong  utility Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper presents a new model of probabilistic binary choice under risk. In this model, a decision maker always satisfies first-order stochastic dominance. If neither lottery stochastically dominates the other alternative, a decision maker chooses in a probabilistic manner. The proposed model is derived from four standard axioms (completeness, weak stochastic transitivity, continuity, and common consequence independence) and two relatively new axioms. The proposed model provides a better fit to experimental data than do existing models. The baseline model can be extended to other domains such as modeling variable consumer demand. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/542

New plant venture performance differences among incumbent, diversifying, and entrepreneurial firms / Natarajan Balasubramanian in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 549-565 Titre : New plant venture performance differences among incumbent, diversifying, and entrepreneurial firms : The impact of industry learning intensity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Natarajan Balasubramanian, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 549-565 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Entrepreneurs  Learning  environment  Pre-start-up  experience  Dynamic  capabilities Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Prior firm experience, firm capabilities, and the industry environment are known to be important determinants of new-venture performance. We hypothesize that firm experience prior to setting up a new venture influences the ability to learn from experience after start-up (which is a key capability), and that this relationship is moderated by the importance of learning by doing within the new venture's industry (which is a critical aspect of the industry environment). We argue that together, these relationships influence performance differences among new plant ventures of incumbents, diversifying entrants, and entrepreneurial (de novo) entrants. Using data on 47,915 new plant ventures in U.S. manufacturing, we find that incumbents and diversifying entrants establish significantly more productive new plants than de novo entrants, and that this advantage significantly increases with the importance of learning by doing in an industry (industry learning intensity). These productivity differences appear to be driven more by learning subsequent to plant start-up than by initial disparities in productivity. Together, these findings strongly suggest that pre-start-up experience adds to the process of post-start-up learning, and that the industry learning environment plays an important role in whether entrepreneurial firms can achieve a competitive advantage over existing firms. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/549 [article] New plant venture performance differences among incumbent, diversifying, and entrepreneurial firms : The impact of industry learning intensity [texte imprimé] / Natarajan Balasubramanian, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 549-565. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 549-565 Mots-clés : Entrepreneurs  Learning  environment  Pre-start-up  experience  Dynamic  capabilities Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Prior firm experience, firm capabilities, and the industry environment are known to be important determinants of new-venture performance. We hypothesize that firm experience prior to setting up a new venture influences the ability to learn from experience after start-up (which is a key capability), and that this relationship is moderated by the importance of learning by doing within the new venture's industry (which is a critical aspect of the industry environment). We argue that together, these relationships influence performance differences among new plant ventures of incumbents, diversifying entrants, and entrepreneurial (de novo) entrants. Using data on 47,915 new plant ventures in U.S. manufacturing, we find that incumbents and diversifying entrants establish significantly more productive new plants than de novo entrants, and that this advantage significantly increases with the importance of learning by doing in an industry (industry learning intensity). These productivity differences appear to be driven more by learning subsequent to plant start-up than by initial disparities in productivity. Together, these findings strongly suggest that pre-start-up experience adds to the process of post-start-up learning, and that the industry learning environment plays an important role in whether entrepreneurial firms can achieve a competitive advantage over existing firms. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/549

Sharing demand information in competing supply chains with production diseconomies / Albert Y. Ha in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 566-581 Titre : Sharing demand information in competing supply chains with production diseconomies Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Albert Y. Ha, Auteur ; Shilu Tong, Auteur ; Hongtao Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 566-581 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Supply  chain  management  Supply  chain  competition  Information  sharing Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper studies the incentive for vertical information sharing in competing supply chains with production technologies that exhibit diseconomies of scale. We consider a model of two supply chains each consisting of one manufacturer selling to one retailer, with the retailers engaging in Cournot or Bertrand competition. For Cournot retail competition, we show that information sharing benefits a supply chain when (1) the production diseconomy is large and (2) either competition is less intense or at least one retailer's information is less accurate. A supply chain may become worse off when making its information more accurate or production diseconomy smaller, if such an improvement induces the firms in the rival supply chain to cease sharing information. For Bertrand retail competition, we show that information sharing benefits a supply chain when (1) the production diseconomy is large and (2) either competition is less intense or information is more accurate. Under Bertrand competition a manufacturer may be worse off by receiving information, which is never the case under Cournot competition. Information sharing in one supply chain triggers a competitive reaction from the other supply chain and this reaction is damaging to the first supply chain under Cournot competition but may be beneficial under Bertrand competition. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/566 [article] Sharing demand information in competing supply chains with production diseconomies [texte imprimé] / Albert Y. Ha, Auteur ; Shilu Tong, Auteur ; Hongtao Zhang, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 566-581. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 566-581 Mots-clés : Supply  chain  management  Supply  chain  competition  Information  sharing Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper studies the incentive for vertical information sharing in competing supply chains with production technologies that exhibit diseconomies of scale. We consider a model of two supply chains each consisting of one manufacturer selling to one retailer, with the retailers engaging in Cournot or Bertrand competition. For Cournot retail competition, we show that information sharing benefits a supply chain when (1) the production diseconomy is large and (2) either competition is less intense or at least one retailer's information is less accurate. A supply chain may become worse off when making its information more accurate or production diseconomy smaller, if such an improvement induces the firms in the rival supply chain to cease sharing information. For Bertrand retail competition, we show that information sharing benefits a supply chain when (1) the production diseconomy is large and (2) either competition is less intense or information is more accurate. Under Bertrand competition a manufacturer may be worse off by receiving information, which is never the case under Cournot competition. Information sharing in one supply chain triggers a competitive reaction from the other supply chain and this reaction is damaging to the first supply chain under Cournot competition but may be beneficial under Bertrand competition. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/566

The midweight method to measure attitudes toward risk and ambiguity / Gijs van de Kuilen in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 582-598 Titre : The midweight method to measure attitudes toward risk and ambiguity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gijs van de Kuilen, Auteur ; Peter P. Wakker, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 582-598 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Prospect  theory  Ambiguity  Probability  weighting  Pessimism Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper introduces a parameter-free method for measuring the weighting functions of prospect theory and rank-dependent utility. These weighting functions capture risk attitudes, subjective beliefs, and ambiguity attitudes. Our method, called the midweight method, is based on a convenient way to obtain midpoints in the weighting function scale. It can be used both for risk (known probabilities) and for uncertainty (unknown probabilities). The resulting integrated treatment of risk and uncertainty is particularly useful for measuring ambiguity, i.e., the difference between uncertainty and risk. Compared to existing methods to measure weighting functions and attitudes toward uncertainty and ambiguity, our method is more efficient and can accommodate violations of expected utility under risk. An experiment demonstrates the tractability of our method, yielding plausible results such as ambiguity aversion for moderate and high likelihoods but ambiguity seeking for low likelihoods, as predicted by Ellsberg. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/582 [article] The midweight method to measure attitudes toward risk and ambiguity [texte imprimé] / Gijs van de Kuilen, Auteur ; Peter P. Wakker, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 582-598. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 582-598 Mots-clés : Prospect  theory  Ambiguity  Probability  weighting  Pessimism Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper introduces a parameter-free method for measuring the weighting functions of prospect theory and rank-dependent utility. These weighting functions capture risk attitudes, subjective beliefs, and ambiguity attitudes. Our method, called the midweight method, is based on a convenient way to obtain midpoints in the weighting function scale. It can be used both for risk (known probabilities) and for uncertainty (unknown probabilities). The resulting integrated treatment of risk and uncertainty is particularly useful for measuring ambiguity, i.e., the difference between uncertainty and risk. Compared to existing methods to measure weighting functions and attitudes toward uncertainty and ambiguity, our method is more efficient and can accommodate violations of expected utility under risk. An experiment demonstrates the tractability of our method, yielding plausible results such as ambiguity aversion for moderate and high likelihoods but ambiguity seeking for low likelihoods, as predicted by Ellsberg. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/582

Promised Delivery Time and Capacity Games in Time-Based Competition / Weixin Shang in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 599-610 Titre : Promised Delivery Time and Capacity Games in Time-Based Competition Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Weixin Shang, Auteur ; Liming Liu, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 599-610 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Time-based  competition  Consumer  choice  model  Nash  equilibrium  Switching  surface  Quality  differentiation  Capacity  competition  Marketing–operations  interface Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We investigate firms' competitive behaviors in industries where customers are sensitive to both promised delivery time (PDT) and quality of service (QoS) measured by the on-time delivery rate. To study the competition in PDT at the marketing level, we construct an oligopoly game with an external QoS requirement. We show that there exists a unique Nash equilibrium, and the equilibrium QoS exhibits a switching surface structure with respect to capacities. To study the competition in capacity at the strategic level, we construct a two-stage game in which the firms compete in terms of their capacities in stage 1 and in terms of PDT in stage 2. We show the existence of two different types of pure strategy equilibria and characterize them. This study provides the following insights: an index of time-based competitive advantage (ITCA) and the first-mover advantage determine the positions of the firms in time-based competition; either the well-known prisoner's dilemma or off-equilibrium behaviors due to different preferences for equilibria (when multiple equilibria exist) may lead the firms to overinvest in capacity, but no one may gain a competitive advantage; a uniform improvement in internal efficiency (i.e., a uniform capacity cost reduction) may harm everyone; quality differentiation (i.e., going beyond the QoS benchmark) plays a dual role in time-based competition, either helping a firm with a larger ITCA to compete more effectively, or helping a firm possibly with a smaller ITCA to preempt competitors and protect its market advantage. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/599 [article] Promised Delivery Time and Capacity Games in Time-Based Competition [texte imprimé] / Weixin Shang, Auteur ; Liming Liu, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 599-610. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 3 (Mars 2011) . - pp. 599-610 Mots-clés : Time-based  competition  Consumer  choice  model  Nash  equilibrium  Switching  surface  Quality  differentiation  Capacity  competition  Marketing–operations  interface Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We investigate firms' competitive behaviors in industries where customers are sensitive to both promised delivery time (PDT) and quality of service (QoS) measured by the on-time delivery rate. To study the competition in PDT at the marketing level, we construct an oligopoly game with an external QoS requirement. We show that there exists a unique Nash equilibrium, and the equilibrium QoS exhibits a switching surface structure with respect to capacities. To study the competition in capacity at the strategic level, we construct a two-stage game in which the firms compete in terms of their capacities in stage 1 and in terms of PDT in stage 2. We show the existence of two different types of pure strategy equilibria and characterize them. This study provides the following insights: an index of time-based competitive advantage (ITCA) and the first-mover advantage determine the positions of the firms in time-based competition; either the well-known prisoner's dilemma or off-equilibrium behaviors due to different preferences for equilibria (when multiple equilibria exist) may lead the firms to overinvest in capacity, but no one may gain a competitive advantage; a uniform improvement in internal efficiency (i.e., a uniform capacity cost reduction) may harm everyone; quality differentiation (i.e., going beyond the QoS benchmark) plays a dual role in time-based competition, either helping a firm with a larger ITCA to compete more effectively, or helping a firm possibly with a smaller ITCA to preempt competitors and protect its market advantage. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/3/599

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