Dépouillements

Accelerated learning of user profiles / Pelin Atahan in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 215-239 Titre : Accelerated learning of user profiles Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Pelin Atahan, Auteur ; Sumit Sarkar, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 215-239 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Personalization  Bayesian  learning  Information  theory  Recommendation  systems Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Websites typically provide several links on each page visited by a user. Whereas some of these links help users easily navigate the site, others are typically used to provide targeted recommendations based on the available user profile. When the user profile is not available (or is inadequate), the site cannot effectively target products, promotions, and advertisements. In those situations, the site can learn the profile of a user as the user traverses the site. Naturally, the faster the site can learn a user's profile, the sooner the site can benefit from personalization. We develop a technique that sites can use to learn the profile as quickly as possible. The technique identifies links for sites to make available that will lead to a more informative profile when the user chooses one of the offered links. Experiments conducted using our approach demonstrate that it enables learning the profiles markedly better after very few user interactions as compared to benchmark approaches. The approach effectively learns multiple attributes simultaneously, can learn well classes that have highly skewed priors, and remains quite effective even when the distribution of link profiles at a site is relatively homogeneous. The approach works particularly well when a user's traversal is influenced by the most recently visited pages on a site. Finally, we show that the approach is robust to noise in the estimates for the probability parameters needed for its implementation. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/215 [article] Accelerated learning of user profiles [texte imprimé] / Pelin Atahan, Auteur ; Sumit Sarkar, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 215-239. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 215-239 Mots-clés : Personalization  Bayesian  learning  Information  theory  Recommendation  systems Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Websites typically provide several links on each page visited by a user. Whereas some of these links help users easily navigate the site, others are typically used to provide targeted recommendations based on the available user profile. When the user profile is not available (or is inadequate), the site cannot effectively target products, promotions, and advertisements. In those situations, the site can learn the profile of a user as the user traverses the site. Naturally, the faster the site can learn a user's profile, the sooner the site can benefit from personalization. We develop a technique that sites can use to learn the profile as quickly as possible. The technique identifies links for sites to make available that will lead to a more informative profile when the user chooses one of the offered links. Experiments conducted using our approach demonstrate that it enables learning the profiles markedly better after very few user interactions as compared to benchmark approaches. The approach effectively learns multiple attributes simultaneously, can learn well classes that have highly skewed priors, and remains quite effective even when the distribution of link profiles at a site is relatively homogeneous. The approach works particularly well when a user's traversal is influenced by the most recently visited pages on a site. Finally, we show that the approach is robust to noise in the estimates for the probability parameters needed for its implementation. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/215

Organizational change and employee stress / Michael S. Dahl in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 240-256 Titre : Organizational change and employee stress Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael S. Dahl, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 240-256 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Organizational  studies  Personnel  Behavior  Strategy Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This article analyzes the relationship between organizational change and employee health. It illuminates the potentially negative outcomes of change at the level of the employee. In addition, it relates to the ongoing debate over how employees react to and respond to organizational change. I hypothesize that change increases the risk of negative stress, and I test this hypothesis using a comprehensive panel data set of all stress-related medicine prescriptions for 92,860 employees working in 1,517 of the largest Danish organizations. The findings suggest that the risk of receiving stress-related medication increases significantly for employees at organizations that change, especially those that undergo broad simultaneous changes along several dimensions. Thus, organizational changes are associated with significant risks of employee health problems. These effects are further explored with respect to employees at different hierarchical levels as well as at firms of different sizes and from different sectors. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/240 [article] Organizational change and employee stress [texte imprimé] / Michael S. Dahl, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 240-256. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 240-256 Mots-clés : Organizational  studies  Personnel  Behavior  Strategy Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This article analyzes the relationship between organizational change and employee health. It illuminates the potentially negative outcomes of change at the level of the employee. In addition, it relates to the ongoing debate over how employees react to and respond to organizational change. I hypothesize that change increases the risk of negative stress, and I test this hypothesis using a comprehensive panel data set of all stress-related medicine prescriptions for 92,860 employees working in 1,517 of the largest Danish organizations. The findings suggest that the risk of receiving stress-related medication increases significantly for employees at organizations that change, especially those that undergo broad simultaneous changes along several dimensions. Thus, organizational changes are associated with significant risks of employee health problems. These effects are further explored with respect to employees at different hierarchical levels as well as at firms of different sizes and from different sectors. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/240

The impact of founders' professional-education background on the adoption of open science by for-profit biotechnology firms / Waverly W. Ding in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 257-273 Titre : The impact of founders' professional-education background on the adoption of open science by for-profit biotechnology firms Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Waverly W. Ding, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 257-273 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Entrepreneurship  Founder  background  Professional  education  Open  science  Diffusion  of  innovation  TMT Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper investigates the effect of founders' professional-education background on the adoption of an open-science technology strategy, using a sample of 512 young biotechnology firms. After controlling for founders' prior work experience and other organizational and environmental factors, I find that firms with proportionally more Ph.D.-holding entrepreneurs on the founding team have a higher probability of adopting open science. In addition, founders' educational background can mitigate the constraint of organizational environments on strategy. A crowded technological niche provides a more challenging environment for firms to implement open science, due to higher scooping risks. The deterrent effect, however, of such a high-risk environment is smaller among firms founded by proportionally more Ph.D.-holding entrepreneurs. There is also some evidence of a stronger effect of founders' educational background on open science in an institutional environment in which open science has yet to become the industry norm. This finding is consistent with and complements the growing body of research that emphasizes the importance of entrepreneurial background in developing knowledge about new-venture strategy and structure. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/257 [article] The impact of founders' professional-education background on the adoption of open science by for-profit biotechnology firms [texte imprimé] / Waverly W. Ding, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 257-273. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 257-273 Mots-clés : Entrepreneurship  Founder  background  Professional  education  Open  science  Diffusion  of  innovation  TMT Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper investigates the effect of founders' professional-education background on the adoption of an open-science technology strategy, using a sample of 512 young biotechnology firms. After controlling for founders' prior work experience and other organizational and environmental factors, I find that firms with proportionally more Ph.D.-holding entrepreneurs on the founding team have a higher probability of adopting open science. In addition, founders' educational background can mitigate the constraint of organizational environments on strategy. A crowded technological niche provides a more challenging environment for firms to implement open science, due to higher scooping risks. The deterrent effect, however, of such a high-risk environment is smaller among firms founded by proportionally more Ph.D.-holding entrepreneurs. There is also some evidence of a stronger effect of founders' educational background on open science in an institutional environment in which open science has yet to become the industry norm. This finding is consistent with and complements the growing body of research that emphasizes the importance of entrepreneurial background in developing knowledge about new-venture strategy and structure. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/257

Status, quality, and attention / Timothy S. Simcoe in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 274-290 Titre : Status, quality, and attention : What's in a (Missing) name? Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Timothy S. Simcoe, Auteur ; Dave M. Waguespack, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 274-290 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Status  Technology  Sociology  of  science Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : How much are we influenced by an author's identity when evaluating his or her work? This paper exploits a natural experiment to measure the impact of status signals in the context of open standards development. For a period of time, e-mails announcing new submissions to the Internet Engineering Task Force would replace individual author names with "et al." if submission volumes were unusually high. We measure the impact of status signals by comparing the effect of obscuring high- versus low-status author names. Our results show that name-based signals can explain up to three-quarters of the difference in publication rates between high- and low-status authors. The signaling effect disappears for a set of prescreened proposals that receive more scrutiny than a typical submission, suggesting that status signals are more important when attention is scarce (or search costs high). We also show that submissions from high-status authors receive more attention on electronic discussion boards, which may help high-status authors to develop their ideas and bring them forward to publication. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/274 [article] Status, quality, and attention : What's in a (Missing) name? [texte imprimé] / Timothy S. Simcoe, Auteur ; Dave M. Waguespack, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 274-290. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 274-290 Mots-clés : Status  Technology  Sociology  of  science Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : How much are we influenced by an author's identity when evaluating his or her work? This paper exploits a natural experiment to measure the impact of status signals in the context of open standards development. For a period of time, e-mails announcing new submissions to the Internet Engineering Task Force would replace individual author names with "et al." if submission volumes were unusually high. We measure the impact of status signals by comparing the effect of obscuring high- versus low-status author names. Our results show that name-based signals can explain up to three-quarters of the difference in publication rates between high- and low-status authors. The signaling effect disappears for a set of prescreened proposals that receive more scrutiny than a typical submission, suggesting that status signals are more important when attention is scarce (or search costs high). We also show that submissions from high-status authors receive more attention on electronic discussion boards, which may help high-status authors to develop their ideas and bring them forward to publication. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/274

Determinants and outcomes of internet banking adoption / Mei Xue in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 291-307 Titre : Determinants and outcomes of internet banking adoption Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mei Xue, Auteur ; Lorin M. Hitt, Auteur ; Pei-yu Chen, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 291-307 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Internet  banking  adoption  Customer  efficiency  Network  effects Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper examines the drivers of adoption of Internet banking and the linkages among adoption drivers and outcomes (product acquisition, service activity, profitability, loyalty). We relate Internet banking adoption to customer demand for banking services, the availability of alternative channels, customers' efficiency in service coproduction ("customer efficiency"), and local Internet banking penetration. We find that customers who have greater transaction demand and higher efficiency, and reside in areas with a greater density of online banking adopters, are faster to adopt online banking after controlling for time, regional, and individual characteristics. Consistent with prior work, we find that customers significantly increase their banking activity, acquire more products, and perform more transactions. These changes in behavior are not associated with short-run increases in customer profitability, but customers who adopt online banking have a lower propensity to leave the bank. Building on these observations we also find that the adoption drivers are linked to the postadoption changes in behavior or profitability. Customers who live in areas with a high branch density or high Internet banking penetration increase their product acquisition and transaction activity more than Internet banking adopters in other regions. Efficient customers and those with high service demand show greater postadoption profitability. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/291 [article] Determinants and outcomes of internet banking adoption [texte imprimé] / Mei Xue, Auteur ; Lorin M. Hitt, Auteur ; Pei-yu Chen, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 291-307. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 291-307 Mots-clés : Internet  banking  adoption  Customer  efficiency  Network  effects Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper examines the drivers of adoption of Internet banking and the linkages among adoption drivers and outcomes (product acquisition, service activity, profitability, loyalty). We relate Internet banking adoption to customer demand for banking services, the availability of alternative channels, customers' efficiency in service coproduction ("customer efficiency"), and local Internet banking penetration. We find that customers who have greater transaction demand and higher efficiency, and reside in areas with a greater density of online banking adopters, are faster to adopt online banking after controlling for time, regional, and individual characteristics. Consistent with prior work, we find that customers significantly increase their banking activity, acquire more products, and perform more transactions. These changes in behavior are not associated with short-run increases in customer profitability, but customers who adopt online banking have a lower propensity to leave the bank. Building on these observations we also find that the adoption drivers are linked to the postadoption changes in behavior or profitability. Customers who live in areas with a high branch density or high Internet banking penetration increase their product acquisition and transaction activity more than Internet banking adopters in other regions. Efficient customers and those with high service demand show greater postadoption profitability. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/291

Economic interpretation of probabilities estimated by maximum likelihood or score / D. J. Johnstone in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 308-314 Titre : Economic interpretation of probabilities estimated by maximum likelihood or score Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D. J. Johnstone, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 308-314 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Probability  forecast  Scoring  rule  Maximum  likelihood  Maximum  score  estimation Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The conventional method of estimating a probability prediction model by maximum likelihood (MLE) is a form of maximum score estimation with economic meaning. Of all the probabilities that a given model might have produced, those obtained by MLE yield maximum in-sample betting return to a log utility investor. Recognition of this affinity between MLE and log utility begs the wider methodological question of whether different decision makers benefit in different degrees from different probabilities. Probabilities produced by MLE can be either too conservative or too bold relative to those found by maximizing utility under more risk-tolerant or risk-averse score functions. A very (not very) risk-averse user, who bets characteristically small (large) fractions of wealth based on a conservative forecast, is bound to make a rapidly (slowly) increasing bet as the forecast probability becomes progressively bolder or more distant from the market probability. The effect of this interaction between risk aversion and forecast is that a highly risk-averse user may need a much bolder forecast to obtain the same certainty equivalent as a more risk-tolerant investor. It follows more broadly that professional forecasters should anticipate how a client with given risk aversion expects to gain from any given forecast, or forecast revision, before committing resources toward making a better informed (but still honest) forecast. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/308 [article] Economic interpretation of probabilities estimated by maximum likelihood or score [texte imprimé] / D. J. Johnstone, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 308-314. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 308-314 Mots-clés : Probability  forecast  Scoring  rule  Maximum  likelihood  Maximum  score  estimation Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The conventional method of estimating a probability prediction model by maximum likelihood (MLE) is a form of maximum score estimation with economic meaning. Of all the probabilities that a given model might have produced, those obtained by MLE yield maximum in-sample betting return to a log utility investor. Recognition of this affinity between MLE and log utility begs the wider methodological question of whether different decision makers benefit in different degrees from different probabilities. Probabilities produced by MLE can be either too conservative or too bold relative to those found by maximizing utility under more risk-tolerant or risk-averse score functions. A very (not very) risk-averse user, who bets characteristically small (large) fractions of wealth based on a conservative forecast, is bound to make a rapidly (slowly) increasing bet as the forecast probability becomes progressively bolder or more distant from the market probability. The effect of this interaction between risk aversion and forecast is that a highly risk-averse user may need a much bolder forecast to obtain the same certainty equivalent as a more risk-tolerant investor. It follows more broadly that professional forecasters should anticipate how a client with given risk aversion expects to gain from any given forecast, or forecast revision, before committing resources toward making a better informed (but still honest) forecast. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/308

Portfolio choice under cumulative prospect theory / Xue Dong He in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 315-331 Titre : Portfolio choice under cumulative prospect theory : An analytical treatment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Xue Dong He, Auteur ; Xun Yu Zhou, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 315-331 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Portfolio  choice  Single  period  Cumulative  prospect  theory  Reference  point  Loss  aversion  S-shaped  utility  function  Probability  weighting  Well-posedness Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We formulate and carry out an analytical treatment of a single-period portfolio choice model featuring a reference point in wealth, S-shaped utility (value) functions with loss aversion, and probability weighting under Kahneman and Tversky's cumulative prospect theory (CPT). We introduce a new measure of loss aversion for large payoffs, called the large-loss aversion degree (LLAD), and show that it is a critical determinant of the well-posedness of the model. The sensitivity of the CPT value function with respect to the stock allocation is then investigated, which, as a by-product, demonstrates that this function is neither concave nor convex. We finally derive optimal solutions explicitly for the cases in which the reference point is the risk-free return and those in which it is not (while the utility function is piecewise linear), and we employ these results to investigate comparative statics of optimal risky exposures with respect to the reference point, the LLAD, and the curvature of the probability weighting. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/315 [article] Portfolio choice under cumulative prospect theory : An analytical treatment [texte imprimé] / Xue Dong He, Auteur ; Xun Yu Zhou, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 315-331. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 315-331 Mots-clés : Portfolio  choice  Single  period  Cumulative  prospect  theory  Reference  point  Loss  aversion  S-shaped  utility  function  Probability  weighting  Well-posedness Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We formulate and carry out an analytical treatment of a single-period portfolio choice model featuring a reference point in wealth, S-shaped utility (value) functions with loss aversion, and probability weighting under Kahneman and Tversky's cumulative prospect theory (CPT). We introduce a new measure of loss aversion for large payoffs, called the large-loss aversion degree (LLAD), and show that it is a critical determinant of the well-posedness of the model. The sensitivity of the CPT value function with respect to the stock allocation is then investigated, which, as a by-product, demonstrates that this function is neither concave nor convex. We finally derive optimal solutions explicitly for the cases in which the reference point is the risk-free return and those in which it is not (while the utility function is piecewise linear), and we employ these results to investigate comparative statics of optimal risky exposures with respect to the reference point, the LLAD, and the curvature of the probability weighting. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/315

Channel stuffing with short-term interest in market value / Guoming Lai in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 332-346 Titre : Channel stuffing with short-term interest in market value Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Guoming Lai, Auteur ; Laurens Debo, Auteur ; Lin Nan, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 332-346 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Channel  stuffing  Inventory  management  Market  value Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We study how a manager's short-term interest in the firm's market value may motivate channel stuffing: shipping excess inventory to the downstream channel. Channel stuffing allows a manager to report sales in excess of demand in order to influence investors' valuation of the firm. We apply an inventory model that highlights the potential role of inventory in the manager's channel stuffing and the investors' valuation strategies. Sales in our model are constrained by available inventory. Our model yields a semiseparating and semipooling equilibrium contingent on the initial inventory level: When the demand is lower than a threshold that depends on and is below the initial inventory level, the manager pads sales by a part of the excess inventory and releases the inflated sales report. The investors "correct" the reported sales and are able to infer perfectly the firm's value. When the demand reaches or exceeds this threshold, the manager pads any excess inventory to the sales and reports the initial inventory is sold out, which censors large demand realizations. Then the investors only infer the real demand is no less than the threshold and value the firm accordingly by expectation. Channel stuffing can influence the inventory decision, too. We find both over- and underinvestment in the initial inventory can arise in our model. We discuss empirical and managerial implications of our findings. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/332 [article] Channel stuffing with short-term interest in market value [texte imprimé] / Guoming Lai, Auteur ; Laurens Debo, Auteur ; Lin Nan, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 332-346. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 332-346 Mots-clés : Channel  stuffing  Inventory  management  Market  value Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We study how a manager's short-term interest in the firm's market value may motivate channel stuffing: shipping excess inventory to the downstream channel. Channel stuffing allows a manager to report sales in excess of demand in order to influence investors' valuation of the firm. We apply an inventory model that highlights the potential role of inventory in the manager's channel stuffing and the investors' valuation strategies. Sales in our model are constrained by available inventory. Our model yields a semiseparating and semipooling equilibrium contingent on the initial inventory level: When the demand is lower than a threshold that depends on and is below the initial inventory level, the manager pads sales by a part of the excess inventory and releases the inflated sales report. The investors "correct" the reported sales and are able to infer perfectly the firm's value. When the demand reaches or exceeds this threshold, the manager pads any excess inventory to the sales and reports the initial inventory is sold out, which censors large demand realizations. Then the investors only infer the real demand is no less than the threshold and value the firm accordingly by expectation. Channel stuffing can influence the inventory decision, too. We find both over- and underinvestment in the initial inventory can arise in our model. We discuss empirical and managerial implications of our findings. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/332

Managing consumer returns in a competitive environment / Jeffrey D. Shulman in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 347-362 Titre : Managing consumer returns in a competitive environment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jeffrey D. Shulman, Auteur ; Anne T. Coughlan, Auteur ; R. Canan Savaskan, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 347-362 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Marketing  Channels  of  distribution  Competitive  strategy  Pricing Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper investigates the pricing and restocking fee decisions of two competing firms selling horizontally differentiated products. We model a duopoly facing consumers who have heterogeneous tastes for the products and who must experience a product before knowing how well it matches with their preferences. The analysis yields several key insights. Restocking fees not only can be sustained in a competitive environment, but also are more severe when consumers are less informed about product fit and when consumers place a greater importance on how well products' attributes fit with their preferences. We compare the competitive equilibrium prices to a scenario in which consumers are certain about their preferences and find conditions defining when consumer uncertainty results in higher equilibrium prices. Comparison to a monopoly setting yields a surprising result: Equilibrium restocking fees in a competitive environment can be higher than those charged by a monopolist. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/347 [article] Managing consumer returns in a competitive environment [texte imprimé] / Jeffrey D. Shulman, Auteur ; Anne T. Coughlan, Auteur ; R. Canan Savaskan, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 347-362. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 347-362 Mots-clés : Marketing  Channels  of  distribution  Competitive  strategy  Pricing Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper investigates the pricing and restocking fee decisions of two competing firms selling horizontally differentiated products. We model a duopoly facing consumers who have heterogeneous tastes for the products and who must experience a product before knowing how well it matches with their preferences. The analysis yields several key insights. Restocking fees not only can be sustained in a competitive environment, but also are more severe when consumers are less informed about product fit and when consumers place a greater importance on how well products' attributes fit with their preferences. We compare the competitive equilibrium prices to a scenario in which consumers are certain about their preferences and find conditions defining when consumer uncertainty results in higher equilibrium prices. Comparison to a monopoly setting yields a surprising result: Equilibrium restocking fees in a competitive environment can be higher than those charged by a monopolist. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/347

Cooperation in games with forgetfulness / Raphael Thomadsen in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 363-375 Titre : Cooperation in games with forgetfulness Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Raphael Thomadsen, Auteur ; Pradeep Bhardwaj, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 363-375 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : marketing  Competitive  strategy  Games–group  decisions  Information  systems  IT  policy  and  management Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Companies and managers are apt to forget information, yet classic game theory analysis assumes that all players have perfect recall. This paper expands the literature by examining how introducing forgetfulness into a multiplayer game-theoretic framework can help or hinder cooperative behavior. We find that forgetfulness impacts the ability of firms to cooperate in countervailing directions. On one hand, forgetfulness can diminish the ability to punish deviators, making cooperation more difficult. On the other hand, under some conditions forgetfulness can make meting out severe punishments—even below-(stage) minimax punishments—credible and decrease the ability for players to effectively deviate, facilitating cooperation even in circumstances where cooperation cannot be sustained under perfect recall. We apply our model to a number of strategic games that commonly appear in the literature. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/363 [article] Cooperation in games with forgetfulness [texte imprimé] / Raphael Thomadsen, Auteur ; Pradeep Bhardwaj, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 363-375. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 363-375 Mots-clés : marketing  Competitive  strategy  Games–group  decisions  Information  systems  IT  policy  and  management Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Companies and managers are apt to forget information, yet classic game theory analysis assumes that all players have perfect recall. This paper expands the literature by examining how introducing forgetfulness into a multiplayer game-theoretic framework can help or hinder cooperative behavior. We find that forgetfulness impacts the ability of firms to cooperate in countervailing directions. On one hand, forgetfulness can diminish the ability to punish deviators, making cooperation more difficult. On the other hand, under some conditions forgetfulness can make meting out severe punishments—even below-(stage) minimax punishments—credible and decrease the ability for players to effectively deviate, facilitating cooperation even in circumstances where cooperation cannot be sustained under perfect recall. We apply our model to a number of strategic games that commonly appear in the literature. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/363

Product recalls in the medical device industry / Sriram Thirumalai in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 376-392 Titre : Product recalls in the medical device industry : An empirical exploration of the sources and financial consequences Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sriram Thirumalai, Auteur ; Kingshuk K. Sinha, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 376-392 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Medical  device  Recalls  Quality  Econometric  analyses  Performance  Learning Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Medical devices play an increasingly significant role in the delivery of health care today. However, persistent quality problems with medical devices and the associated recalls present potential health risks to patients and personnel using these devices. This study addresses three key issues in this regard. First, it empirically assesses the financial implications of medical device recalls to understand if these consequences are severe enough to deter firms from introducing potentially hazardous medical devices into the market, as can be inferred from the literature. Second, the study considers a cross section of medical device manufacturers to examine the effect of firm characteristics on the costs of poor quality. Third, in an attempt to explore the sources of recalls, this study investigates firm characteristics that are likely to be associated with device recalls. The econometric analyses in the study are based on data from manufacturers in the medical device industry over a four-year period (2002–2005). Contrary to our expectations, the findings of the study indicate that at an aggregate level, the market penalties for medical device recalls are not significant, i.e., at the aggregate level, the costs of poor quality are not severe. Furthermore, we find that the magnitude of financial consequences of device recalls is affected by the product scope, sales, growth prospects, and the capital structure of a firm. In our analyses exploring the sources of device recalls, we find that firms with a research and development focus, developing broader product portfolios, have a higher likelihood of device recalls. Also, we find that the likelihood of recalls decreases with prior recall experience, indicating the presence of learning. Implications of the study findings, limitations, and directions for future research are identified. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/376 [article] Product recalls in the medical device industry : An empirical exploration of the sources and financial consequences [texte imprimé] / Sriram Thirumalai, Auteur ; Kingshuk K. Sinha, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 376-392. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 376-392 Mots-clés : Medical  device  Recalls  Quality  Econometric  analyses  Performance  Learning Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Medical devices play an increasingly significant role in the delivery of health care today. However, persistent quality problems with medical devices and the associated recalls present potential health risks to patients and personnel using these devices. This study addresses three key issues in this regard. First, it empirically assesses the financial implications of medical device recalls to understand if these consequences are severe enough to deter firms from introducing potentially hazardous medical devices into the market, as can be inferred from the literature. Second, the study considers a cross section of medical device manufacturers to examine the effect of firm characteristics on the costs of poor quality. Third, in an attempt to explore the sources of recalls, this study investigates firm characteristics that are likely to be associated with device recalls. The econometric analyses in the study are based on data from manufacturers in the medical device industry over a four-year period (2002–2005). Contrary to our expectations, the findings of the study indicate that at an aggregate level, the market penalties for medical device recalls are not significant, i.e., at the aggregate level, the costs of poor quality are not severe. Furthermore, we find that the magnitude of financial consequences of device recalls is affected by the product scope, sales, growth prospects, and the capital structure of a firm. In our analyses exploring the sources of device recalls, we find that firms with a research and development focus, developing broader product portfolios, have a higher likelihood of device recalls. Also, we find that the likelihood of recalls decreases with prior recall experience, indicating the presence of learning. Implications of the study findings, limitations, and directions for future research are identified. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/376

"I Think You Think I Think You're Lying" / Mihnea C. Moldoveanu in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 393-412 Titre : "I Think You Think I Think You're Lying" : The Interactive Epistemology of Trust in Social Networks Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mihnea C. Moldoveanu, Auteur ; Joel A. C. Baum, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 393-412 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Organizational  studies  Strategy  Networks  graphs  Theory  Design  Information  Philosophy  of  modeling Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We investigate the epistemology of trust in social networks. We posit trust as a special epistemic state that depends on actors' beliefs about each others' beliefs as well as about states of the world. It offers new ideas and tools for representing the core elements of trust both within dyads and larger groups and presents an approach that makes trust measurable in a noncircular and predictive, rather than merely postdictive, fashion. After advancing arguments for the importance of interactive belief systems to the successful coordination of behavior, we tune our investigation of trust by focusing on beliefs that are important to mobilization and coordination and show how trust functions to influence social capital arising from network structure. We present empirical evidence corroborating the importance of higher-order beliefs to understanding trust and the interactive analysis of trust to the likelihood of successful coordination. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/393 [article] "I Think You Think I Think You're Lying" : The Interactive Epistemology of Trust in Social Networks [texte imprimé] / Mihnea C. Moldoveanu, Auteur ; Joel A. C. Baum, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 393-412. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 2 (Février 2011) . - pp. 393-412 Mots-clés : Organizational  studies  Strategy  Networks  graphs  Theory  Design  Information  Philosophy  of  modeling Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We investigate the epistemology of trust in social networks. We posit trust as a special epistemic state that depends on actors' beliefs about each others' beliefs as well as about states of the world. It offers new ideas and tools for representing the core elements of trust both within dyads and larger groups and presents an approach that makes trust measurable in a noncircular and predictive, rather than merely postdictive, fashion. After advancing arguments for the importance of interactive belief systems to the successful coordination of behavior, we tune our investigation of trust by focusing on beliefs that are important to mobilization and coordination and show how trust functions to influence social capital arising from network structure. We present empirical evidence corroborating the importance of higher-order beliefs to understanding trust and the interactive analysis of trust to the likelihood of successful coordination. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/2/393

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