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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierFlow dynamics in alluvial channels / Alexander N. Sukhodolov in Journal of hydraulic research, Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 285-292
Titre : Flow dynamics in alluvial channels : the legacy of Kirill V. Grishanin Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alexander N. Sukhodolov, Auteur ; Vladimir I. Nikora, Auteur ; Viktor M. Katolikov, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 285-292 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Alluvial channel Biography Channel resistance Flow dynamics History Self-regulation Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Geopolitical conflicts, for which the last century is so notorious, have obscured the lives and achievements of many talented scientists. Kirill Vladimirovich Grishanin, Professor of Fluvial Hydraulics and Channel Processes of the St. Petersburg State University of Waterways of Russia, lived a life that spanned almost the whole of the twentieth century, and during which he pioneered and advanced the research on the dynamics of alluvial channels. Although his theoretical studies have provided the fundamentals for the Russian School of Fluvial Hydraulics, with five generations of engineers and scientists having learned from his canonical textbooks, the immense legacy he left behind is still shadowed by ruins of the iron curtain. This work is dedicated to the centennial jubilee of Grishanin's birthday, provides a brief overview of his scientific discoveries and biographical details, and aims to secure a special place for this outstanding Russian researcher in the European history of hydraulics.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.567760 [article] Flow dynamics in alluvial channels : the legacy of Kirill V. Grishanin [texte imprimé] / Alexander N. Sukhodolov, Auteur ; Vladimir I. Nikora, Auteur ; Viktor M. Katolikov, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 285-292.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 285-292
Mots-clés : Alluvial channel Biography Channel resistance Flow dynamics History Self-regulation Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Geopolitical conflicts, for which the last century is so notorious, have obscured the lives and achievements of many talented scientists. Kirill Vladimirovich Grishanin, Professor of Fluvial Hydraulics and Channel Processes of the St. Petersburg State University of Waterways of Russia, lived a life that spanned almost the whole of the twentieth century, and during which he pioneered and advanced the research on the dynamics of alluvial channels. Although his theoretical studies have provided the fundamentals for the Russian School of Fluvial Hydraulics, with five generations of engineers and scientists having learned from his canonical textbooks, the immense legacy he left behind is still shadowed by ruins of the iron curtain. This work is dedicated to the centennial jubilee of Grishanin's birthday, provides a brief overview of his scientific discoveries and biographical details, and aims to secure a special place for this outstanding Russian researcher in the European history of hydraulics.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.567760
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 293-306
Titre : Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Valentin Heller, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 293-306 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dimensional analysis Froude similarity Landslide generated impulse wave Physical hydraulic modelling Reynolds similarity Scale effect Scale series Similarity theory Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Scale effects arise due to force ratios which are not identical between a model and its real-world prototype and result in deviations between the up-scaled model and prototype observations. This review article considers mechanical, Froude and Reynolds model–prototype similarities, describes scale effects for typical hydraulic flow phenomena and discusses how scale effects are avoided, compensated or corrected. Four approaches are addressed to obtain model–prototype similarity, to quantify scale effects and to define limiting criteria under which they can be neglected. These are inspectional analysis, dimensional analysis, calibration and scale series, which are applied to landslide generated impulse waves. Tables include both limiting criteria to avoid significant scale effects and typical scales of physical hydraulic engineering models for a wide variety of hydraulic flow phenomena. The article further shows why it is challenging to model sediment transport and distensible structures in a physical hydraulic model without significant scale effects. Possible future research directions are finally suggested.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.578914 [article] Scale effects in physical hydraulic engineering models [texte imprimé] / Valentin Heller, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 293-306.
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 293-306
Mots-clés : Dimensional analysis Froude similarity Landslide generated impulse wave Physical hydraulic modelling Reynolds similarity Scale effect Scale series Similarity theory Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Scale effects arise due to force ratios which are not identical between a model and its real-world prototype and result in deviations between the up-scaled model and prototype observations. This review article considers mechanical, Froude and Reynolds model–prototype similarities, describes scale effects for typical hydraulic flow phenomena and discusses how scale effects are avoided, compensated or corrected. Four approaches are addressed to obtain model–prototype similarity, to quantify scale effects and to define limiting criteria under which they can be neglected. These are inspectional analysis, dimensional analysis, calibration and scale series, which are applied to landslide generated impulse waves. Tables include both limiting criteria to avoid significant scale effects and typical scales of physical hydraulic engineering models for a wide variety of hydraulic flow phenomena. The article further shows why it is challenging to model sediment transport and distensible structures in a physical hydraulic model without significant scale effects. Possible future research directions are finally suggested.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.578914
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 307-316
Titre : A 2D shallow flow model for practical dam-break simulations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yueling Wang, Auteur ; Liang, Qiuhua, Auteur ; Kesserwani, Georges, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 307-316 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dam break Friction term Godunov-type method Shallow-water equation Well-balanced scheme Wetting and drying Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Dam-break flows usually occur in domains with complex geometric and topographic features and involve abrupt flow patterns. A dam-break model must therefore be able to effectively handle different flow types including transcritical flows or hydraulic jumps, deal with complex domain topography, capture repeating wet–dry interface and represent high roughness values in the floodplain. Herein, all of these objectives are achieved by extending a recent one-dimensional finite volume Godunov-type model into two dimensions for solving the shallow-water equations. While doing so, a much simplified condition to maintain well-balanced solutions around a wet–dry front is proposed and a two-dimensional friction source term discretization is derived under a suitable stability condition in relation to practical simulations. The two-dimensional model is successfully validated against three analytical benchmark tests and then assessed for predicting realistic dam-break flood events.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.566248 [article] A 2D shallow flow model for practical dam-break simulations [texte imprimé] / Yueling Wang, Auteur ; Liang, Qiuhua, Auteur ; Kesserwani, Georges, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 307-316.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 307-316
Mots-clés : Dam break Friction term Godunov-type method Shallow-water equation Well-balanced scheme Wetting and drying Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Dam-break flows usually occur in domains with complex geometric and topographic features and involve abrupt flow patterns. A dam-break model must therefore be able to effectively handle different flow types including transcritical flows or hydraulic jumps, deal with complex domain topography, capture repeating wet–dry interface and represent high roughness values in the floodplain. Herein, all of these objectives are achieved by extending a recent one-dimensional finite volume Godunov-type model into two dimensions for solving the shallow-water equations. While doing so, a much simplified condition to maintain well-balanced solutions around a wet–dry front is proposed and a two-dimensional friction source term discretization is derived under a suitable stability condition in relation to practical simulations. The two-dimensional model is successfully validated against three analytical benchmark tests and then assessed for predicting realistic dam-break flood events.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.566248
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 317-324
Titre : Bed-load transport in obliquely dune-covered riverbeds Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jan Sieben, Auteur ; Arno M. Talmon, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 317-324 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bed-load transport Dune Fixed-bed experiment Helical wake flow Oblique bed form River Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : In rivers, dune crest patterns are not always perpendicular to the main flow direction, because deviations up to around 20° have been observed. These can affect the direction of sediment transport, but the available predictors for models do not account for this effect. Therefore, laboratory tests on sediment transport over artificial dunes oblique to the flow direction were conducted. The largest effect is due to helical flow at the lee side of a dune and from flow near the reattachment point. These three-dimensional features are lumped into a preliminary predictor to account for the direction of bed-load in models for two-dimensional river morphology with depth-averaged flow. To include dynamic bed-form orientation, an additional model for bed-form orientation is proposed. These concepts require further validation with mobile-bed observations and subsequent tests with numerical simulations.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.566252 [article] Bed-load transport in obliquely dune-covered riverbeds [texte imprimé] / Jan Sieben, Auteur ; Arno M. Talmon, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 317-324.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 317-324
Mots-clés : Bed-load transport Dune Fixed-bed experiment Helical wake flow Oblique bed form River Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : In rivers, dune crest patterns are not always perpendicular to the main flow direction, because deviations up to around 20° have been observed. These can affect the direction of sediment transport, but the available predictors for models do not account for this effect. Therefore, laboratory tests on sediment transport over artificial dunes oblique to the flow direction were conducted. The largest effect is due to helical flow at the lee side of a dune and from flow near the reattachment point. These three-dimensional features are lumped into a preliminary predictor to account for the direction of bed-load in models for two-dimensional river morphology with depth-averaged flow. To include dynamic bed-form orientation, an additional model for bed-form orientation is proposed. These concepts require further validation with mobile-bed observations and subsequent tests with numerical simulations.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.566252
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 325-334
Titre : Non-uniformity and layering in sediment transport modelling 1 : flume simulations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael Tritthart, Auteur ; Bernhard Schober, Auteur ; Helmut Habersack, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 325-334 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bed load Empirical equation Flume experiment Numerical model Sediment transport Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The development and validation of an integrated numerical sediment transport model capable of solving both uniform and non-uniform transport equations while calculating grain size distributions is presented. The model is coupled with external hydrodynamic codes which provide flow field and bed shear stress patterns. Transport equations are solved for an unlimited number of sediment size fractions. Two validation experiments involving unsteady flow in a channel bend and steady flow in a flume with lateral contraction were considered. Good agreement with measured bed deformations was found for non-uniform calculations with an exchange layer, whereas both uniform and non-uniform computations without the exchange layer resulted in comparably larger differences. In the channel bend experiment, the presence of an exchange layer was essential for achieving accurate modelling results, while its role was less pronounced in the lateral contraction experiment. Moreover, the sorting coefficient of the bed material was found to be a suitable indicator for estimating the applicability of uniform transport equations.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.583528 [article] Non-uniformity and layering in sediment transport modelling 1 : flume simulations [texte imprimé] / Michael Tritthart, Auteur ; Bernhard Schober, Auteur ; Helmut Habersack, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 325-334.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 325-334
Mots-clés : Bed load Empirical equation Flume experiment Numerical model Sediment transport Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The development and validation of an integrated numerical sediment transport model capable of solving both uniform and non-uniform transport equations while calculating grain size distributions is presented. The model is coupled with external hydrodynamic codes which provide flow field and bed shear stress patterns. Transport equations are solved for an unlimited number of sediment size fractions. Two validation experiments involving unsteady flow in a channel bend and steady flow in a flume with lateral contraction were considered. Good agreement with measured bed deformations was found for non-uniform calculations with an exchange layer, whereas both uniform and non-uniform computations without the exchange layer resulted in comparably larger differences. In the channel bend experiment, the presence of an exchange layer was essential for achieving accurate modelling results, while its role was less pronounced in the lateral contraction experiment. Moreover, the sorting coefficient of the bed material was found to be a suitable indicator for estimating the applicability of uniform transport equations.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.583528
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 335-344
Titre : Non-uniformity and layering in sediment transport modelling 2 : river application Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael Tritthart, Auteur ; Marcel Liedermann, Auteur ; Bernhard Schober, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 335-344 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bed-load Danube River Empirical equation Numerical model River flow Sediment transport Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The objectives of this research are to verify a numerical sediment transport model based on field data from a reach of the Austrian Danube River, to identify the influence of non-uniform bed-load transport modelling and the selected bed schematization on the simulation results and to investigate the cause and the numerical reproducibility of spatio-temporal variations found in field data. Simulation results based on variants of the transport equation by Meyer-Peter and Müller were compared to basket sampler and radio tracer stone observations. The best agreement was obtained for a non-uniform formulation with an exchange layer, while the uniform formulation of the transport equation underestimated the transport rates for discharges lower than the mean flow since it predicts a later onset of bed-load transport. The consideration of an exchange layer in the numerical code led to the prediction of bed-load sheets due to sorting waves, allowing the model to account for the spatio-temporal variability of field data.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.583487 [article] Non-uniformity and layering in sediment transport modelling 2 : river application [texte imprimé] / Michael Tritthart, Auteur ; Marcel Liedermann, Auteur ; Bernhard Schober, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 335-344.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 335-344
Mots-clés : Bed-load Danube River Empirical equation Numerical model River flow Sediment transport Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The objectives of this research are to verify a numerical sediment transport model based on field data from a reach of the Austrian Danube River, to identify the influence of non-uniform bed-load transport modelling and the selected bed schematization on the simulation results and to investigate the cause and the numerical reproducibility of spatio-temporal variations found in field data. Simulation results based on variants of the transport equation by Meyer-Peter and Müller were compared to basket sampler and radio tracer stone observations. The best agreement was obtained for a non-uniform formulation with an exchange layer, while the uniform formulation of the transport equation underestimated the transport rates for discharges lower than the mean flow since it predicts a later onset of bed-load transport. The consideration of an exchange layer in the numerical code led to the prediction of bed-load sheets due to sorting waves, allowing the model to account for the spatio-temporal variability of field data.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.583487
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp.345-351
Titre : Multifractal characterization of water-worked gravel surfaces Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Qin, Jie, Auteur ; Sai Leung Ng, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp.345-351 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Armouring process Digital elevation model Gravel surface Multifractal analysis Roughness Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This study investigates the roughness of water-worked gravel surfaces using stable gravel-beds armoured in flume and field experiments. As an alternative to traditional approaches, multifractal analysis is employed to investigate the roughness of these surfaces. Power spectra analysis is used to study scale-invariant regimes, defined by the ranges of scales where the spectra follow power laws. Then, multifractal spectra are calculated and analysed. The strength of multifractality reflecting heterogeneity of elevations is related to the development of a stable armour layer. The development of armouring processes of the gravel surfaces formed in the flume experiments is investigated using the effective grain size approach based on Gessler's model. For surfaces in the field, the two-dimensional second-order structure function is used to study the static armour surfaces due to the absence of historical hydrological data. The results of these analyses confirm the results of multifractal analyses.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.567762 [article] Multifractal characterization of water-worked gravel surfaces [texte imprimé] / Qin, Jie, Auteur ; Sai Leung Ng, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp.345-351.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp.345-351
Mots-clés : Armouring process Digital elevation model Gravel surface Multifractal analysis Roughness Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This study investigates the roughness of water-worked gravel surfaces using stable gravel-beds armoured in flume and field experiments. As an alternative to traditional approaches, multifractal analysis is employed to investigate the roughness of these surfaces. Power spectra analysis is used to study scale-invariant regimes, defined by the ranges of scales where the spectra follow power laws. Then, multifractal spectra are calculated and analysed. The strength of multifractality reflecting heterogeneity of elevations is related to the development of a stable armour layer. The development of armouring processes of the gravel surfaces formed in the flume experiments is investigated using the effective grain size approach based on Gessler's model. For surfaces in the field, the two-dimensional second-order structure function is used to study the static armour surfaces due to the absence of historical hydrological data. The results of these analyses confirm the results of multifractal analyses.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.567762
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 352-358
Titre : Experimental study of velocity fields in rectangular shallow reservoirs Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Erica Camnasio, Auteur ; Enrico Orsi, Auteur ; Anton J. Schleiss, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 352-358 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Flow pattern Geometrical effect Instability Large scale turbulent structure Shallow reservoir Velocity measurement Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Velocity fields in rectangular shallow reservoirs with different length-to-width and expansion ratios were investigated in an experimental study, to evaluate the effect of geometry on the flow field. A wide range of combinations of these two non-dimensional geometric parameters were tested at constant hydraulic conditions. Ultrasound velocity profilers were used to measure the horizontal velocity components across the entire reservoir surface, allowing for the visualization of streamlines and of the instantaneous and average velocities. Five different types of flow patterns were identified, depending on the values of the length-to-width ratio and expansion ratio of the reservoir. Asymmetrical flow patterns were found to develop for certain combinations of these geometric parameters despite the perfect reservoir symmetry. A critical comparison of these new experimental results with those of other works is provided.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.574387 [article] Experimental study of velocity fields in rectangular shallow reservoirs [texte imprimé] / Erica Camnasio, Auteur ; Enrico Orsi, Auteur ; Anton J. Schleiss, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 352-358.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 352-358
Mots-clés : Flow pattern Geometrical effect Instability Large scale turbulent structure Shallow reservoir Velocity measurement Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Velocity fields in rectangular shallow reservoirs with different length-to-width and expansion ratios were investigated in an experimental study, to evaluate the effect of geometry on the flow field. A wide range of combinations of these two non-dimensional geometric parameters were tested at constant hydraulic conditions. Ultrasound velocity profilers were used to measure the horizontal velocity components across the entire reservoir surface, allowing for the visualization of streamlines and of the instantaneous and average velocities. Five different types of flow patterns were identified, depending on the values of the length-to-width ratio and expansion ratio of the reservoir. Asymmetrical flow patterns were found to develop for certain combinations of these geometric parameters despite the perfect reservoir symmetry. A critical comparison of these new experimental results with those of other works is provided.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.574387
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 359-366
Titre : Experimental observation of flow characteristics over a Piano Key Weir Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Olivier Machiels, Auteur ; Sebastien Erpicum, Auteur ; Benjamin J. Dewals, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 359-366 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Free surface flow Physical model Piano Key Weir Pressure distribution Streamline Velocity distribution Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The Piano Key Weir is a type of labyrinth weir using overhangs to reduce the footprint of the foundation. These are directly placed on a dam crest. Together with its high discharge capacity for low heads, this geometry makes these weirs interesting in dam rehabilitation. However, the Piano Key Weir is a new weir type, first designed in 2001 and built from 2006 by Electricité de France. Even though experimental studies confirmed its appealing discharge capacities, the flow upstream, over and downstream of this complex structure is still not well known. This research presents experimental test results performed on a 1:10 scale model. The experiments aim at determining the flow features along the weir depending on the upstream head. The flow conditions are characterized in terms of specific discharge, velocity, pressure, water level and streamlines along the weir.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.567761 [article] Experimental observation of flow characteristics over a Piano Key Weir [texte imprimé] / Olivier Machiels, Auteur ; Sebastien Erpicum, Auteur ; Benjamin J. Dewals, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 359-366.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 359-366
Mots-clés : Free surface flow Physical model Piano Key Weir Pressure distribution Streamline Velocity distribution Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : The Piano Key Weir is a type of labyrinth weir using overhangs to reduce the footprint of the foundation. These are directly placed on a dam crest. Together with its high discharge capacity for low heads, this geometry makes these weirs interesting in dam rehabilitation. However, the Piano Key Weir is a new weir type, first designed in 2001 and built from 2006 by Electricité de France. Even though experimental studies confirmed its appealing discharge capacities, the flow upstream, over and downstream of this complex structure is still not well known. This research presents experimental test results performed on a 1:10 scale model. The experiments aim at determining the flow features along the weir depending on the upstream head. The flow conditions are characterized in terms of specific discharge, velocity, pressure, water level and streamlines along the weir.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.567761
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 367-371
Titre : Dam-break flow on mobile bed in abruptly widening channel : experimental data Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Laurent Goutiere, Auteur ; Soares-Frazão, Sandra, Auteur ; Zech, Yves, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 367-371 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Abrupt expansion Dam-break Digital imaging technique Sediment transport Topographical measurement Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This research presents experiments of dam-break flow on mobile bed in an abruptly expanding channel, the wider section being twice as wide as the narrow. The bed material consisted of coarse uniform sand. The flow near the one-sided flume expansion induces a two-dimensional morphological evolution. Important scour at the corner of the abrupt expansion was observed, while sediment deposition occurred in the wider channel reach. Measurements of the flow evolution and the final bed topography were obtained using ultrasonic sensors and digital imaging techniques, both having the advantage of being non-intrusive. The available experimental data consist of temporal water level evolutions at nine gauging points, water front propagations, velocity fields at given times at the free surface and topographical surveys of the final bed elevation at various cross-sections. This data set is available upon request to the scientific community for the validation of numerical models.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2010.548969 [article] Dam-break flow on mobile bed in abruptly widening channel : experimental data [texte imprimé] / Laurent Goutiere, Auteur ; Soares-Frazão, Sandra, Auteur ; Zech, Yves, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 367-371.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 367-371
Mots-clés : Abrupt expansion Dam-break Digital imaging technique Sediment transport Topographical measurement Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This research presents experiments of dam-break flow on mobile bed in an abruptly expanding channel, the wider section being twice as wide as the narrow. The bed material consisted of coarse uniform sand. The flow near the one-sided flume expansion induces a two-dimensional morphological evolution. Important scour at the corner of the abrupt expansion was observed, while sediment deposition occurred in the wider channel reach. Measurements of the flow evolution and the final bed topography were obtained using ultrasonic sensors and digital imaging techniques, both having the advantage of being non-intrusive. The available experimental data consist of temporal water level evolutions at nine gauging points, water front propagations, velocity fields at given times at the free surface and topographical surveys of the final bed elevation at various cross-sections. This data set is available upon request to the scientific community for the validation of numerical models.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2010.548969
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 372-377
Titre : Drag coefficients of boulders on a block ramp due to interaction processes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mario Oertel, Auteur ; Svenja Peterseim, Auteur ; Andreas Schlenkhoff, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 372-377 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Block ramp Boulder Drag coefficient Drag force Energy dissipation Rough ramp Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Block ramps are a common natural solution for bypassing large steps in riverbeds. The energy dissipation on these ramps was dealt with to develop formulas describing the hydraulic processes. Currently there are no detailed investigations available analysing the resulting forces for boulders on the ramp, although knowledge of these forces is necessary to guarantee an accurate and appropriate design. An investigation programme using a physical model was therefore conducted to describe the effect of boulder interaction processes with respect to forces and drag coefficients. The variable drag coefficients received a special focus because these influence the determination of mean water levels, mean velocities and forces on a single boulder. The physical model allows variation of both discharges and boulder arrangements. As a measurement technique, ultrasonic sensors and load cells were used to determine water levels and drag forces directly. New formulas for Reynolds number-dependent drag coefficients are developed.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.565695 [article] Drag coefficients of boulders on a block ramp due to interaction processes [texte imprimé] / Mario Oertel, Auteur ; Svenja Peterseim, Auteur ; Andreas Schlenkhoff, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 372-377.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 372-377
Mots-clés : Block ramp Boulder Drag coefficient Drag force Energy dissipation Rough ramp Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Block ramps are a common natural solution for bypassing large steps in riverbeds. The energy dissipation on these ramps was dealt with to develop formulas describing the hydraulic processes. Currently there are no detailed investigations available analysing the resulting forces for boulders on the ramp, although knowledge of these forces is necessary to guarantee an accurate and appropriate design. An investigation programme using a physical model was therefore conducted to describe the effect of boulder interaction processes with respect to forces and drag coefficients. The variable drag coefficients received a special focus because these influence the determination of mean water levels, mean velocities and forces on a single boulder. The physical model allows variation of both discharges and boulder arrangements. As a measurement technique, ultrasonic sensors and load cells were used to determine water levels and drag forces directly. New formulas for Reynolds number-dependent drag coefficients are developed.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.565695
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 378-383
Titre : Vortex scouring process around bridge pier with a caisson Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gangarudraiah Veerappadevaru, Auteur ; Thimmaiah Gangadharaiah, Auteur ; Thirumalai Ramaswamyiyenger, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 378-383 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Caisson bridge pier Power concept Scour Vortex Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : An experimental investigation to predict the characteristics of scour vortices related to the scour depth of caisson piers was conducted. Two median size sediments were used as bed materials. Three types of piers, namely a cylindrical pier, a cylindrical pier with a caisson, and a nose pier were considered. The size and the rotational speed of the primary vortex were measured and correlated to the flow and pier parameters. The vortex power available to scour the sediment is related to the power provided by the vortex in the scour process. The equilibrium scour depth was predicted based on the concept of power available in the primary scour vortex equal to the resisting power of sediment in the scour hole. The prediction of the scour depth agrees well with literature data.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.568195 [article] Vortex scouring process around bridge pier with a caisson [texte imprimé] / Gangarudraiah Veerappadevaru, Auteur ; Thimmaiah Gangadharaiah, Auteur ; Thirumalai Ramaswamyiyenger, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 378-383.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 378-383
Mots-clés : Caisson bridge pier Power concept Scour Vortex Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : An experimental investigation to predict the characteristics of scour vortices related to the scour depth of caisson piers was conducted. Two median size sediments were used as bed materials. Three types of piers, namely a cylindrical pier, a cylindrical pier with a caisson, and a nose pier were considered. The size and the rotational speed of the primary vortex were measured and correlated to the flow and pier parameters. The vortex power available to scour the sediment is related to the power provided by the vortex in the scour process. The equilibrium scour depth was predicted based on the concept of power available in the primary scour vortex equal to the resisting power of sediment in the scour hole. The prediction of the scour depth agrees well with literature data.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.568195
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 384-387
Titre : Similarity solution of dam-break flow on horizontal frictionless channel Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yunliang Chen, Auteur ; Chao Wu, Auteur ; Bo Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 384-387 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dam-break flow Scale transformation Shock wave Similarity solution Triangular cross-section Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Compared with the Blasius similarity approach for the boundary layer theory, a similarity solution for dam-break flow on a horizontal channel with zero friction is considered by the theory of scale transformation. Time and space coordinates as the two independent variables are substituted by one independent dimensionless similarity variable, so that the governing partial differential equations can be transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations. The analytical similarity dam-break solution on a dry bed and the multinomial algebraic equation of shock wave on a wet bed are proposed for a prismatic channel of triangular cross-section. Basing on the similarity characteristic of dam-break flow, the flood propagation at any time and space can be described by a dimensionless curve. The dimensionless positions of strong and weak discontinuities for dam-break shock wave do not change with time, and the description of the dam-break hydrograph is therefore simplified.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.571537 [article] Similarity solution of dam-break flow on horizontal frictionless channel [texte imprimé] / Yunliang Chen, Auteur ; Chao Wu, Auteur ; Bo Wang, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 384-387.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 384-387
Mots-clés : Dam-break flow Scale transformation Shock wave Similarity solution Triangular cross-section Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : Compared with the Blasius similarity approach for the boundary layer theory, a similarity solution for dam-break flow on a horizontal channel with zero friction is considered by the theory of scale transformation. Time and space coordinates as the two independent variables are substituted by one independent dimensionless similarity variable, so that the governing partial differential equations can be transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations. The analytical similarity dam-break solution on a dry bed and the multinomial algebraic equation of shock wave on a wet bed are proposed for a prismatic channel of triangular cross-section. Basing on the similarity characteristic of dam-break flow, the flood propagation at any time and space can be described by a dimensionless curve. The dimensionless positions of strong and weak discontinuities for dam-break shock wave do not change with time, and the description of the dam-break hydrograph is therefore simplified.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.571537
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 388-391
Titre : Discharge coefficient for bottom orifice of vortex chamber Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jan, Chyan-Deng, Auteur ; Quang-Truong Nguyen, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 388-391 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Conical hopper Discharge coefficient Jet inflow Orifice Vortex chamber Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This research presents investigations on the discharge coefficient of a circular orifice located at the apex of an inverted conical hopper attached to the bottom of a cylindrical vortex chamber. A circular jet inflow tangentially enters the vortex chamber at the top periphery of the conical hopper. Different sizes of orifices and inflow jet discharges were applied in the experiments to investigate the variation of the discharge coefficient. The effect of overflow at the upper outlet on the discharge coefficient was also investigated. Based on the test data, empirical relations for the discharge coefficient are proposed. It is found that in the presence of tangential jet inflow, the discharge coefficient is considerably smaller than that without tangential jet inflow and the presence of overflow significantly reduces it.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.572442 [article] Discharge coefficient for bottom orifice of vortex chamber [texte imprimé] / Jan, Chyan-Deng, Auteur ; Quang-Truong Nguyen, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 388-391.
Hydraulique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Journal of hydraulic research > Vol. 49 N° 3 (Mai/Juin 2011) . - pp. 388-391
Mots-clés : Conical hopper Discharge coefficient Jet inflow Orifice Vortex chamber Index. décimale : 627 Ingénierie des cours d'eau naturels, des ports, des rades et des cotes. Installations de navigation, de dragage, de récupération et de sauvetage. Barrages et centrales électriques hydrauliques Résumé : This research presents investigations on the discharge coefficient of a circular orifice located at the apex of an inverted conical hopper attached to the bottom of a cylindrical vortex chamber. A circular jet inflow tangentially enters the vortex chamber at the top periphery of the conical hopper. Different sizes of orifices and inflow jet discharges were applied in the experiments to investigate the variation of the discharge coefficient. The effect of overflow at the upper outlet on the discharge coefficient was also investigated. Based on the test data, empirical relations for the discharge coefficient are proposed. It is found that in the presence of tangential jet inflow, the discharge coefficient is considerably smaller than that without tangential jet inflow and the presence of overflow significantly reduces it.
DEWEY : 627 ISSN : 0022-1686 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00221686.2011.572442
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