Catalogue en ligne Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8796–8802

Titre :	Effect of glycine on the electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking behavior of Cu10Ni alloy in sulfide polluted salt water
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ahmed Abdel Nazeer, Auteur ; Nageh K. Allam, Auteur ; Gehan I. Youssef, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8796–8802
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Glycine Electrochemical Corrosion cracking
Résumé :	Corrosion is a natural and inevitable problem that is still a challenge in materials design, with regard to achieving greater operational efficiency. In this study, the electrochemical and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of Cu10Ni alloy in a 3.5% NaCl solution in the presence of different concentrations of sulfide ions were studied. The presence of sulfide ions has been shown to increase the susceptibility of the material to SCC at different strain rates. The addition of glycine (gly) to the test electrolyte increased the time to failure by changing the mode of failure from brittle transgranular cracking to ductile failure. Therefore, gly can be considered as a potential environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor. The electrochemical measurements showed that gly acts as a mixed corrosion inhibitor. The synergistic effect of potassium iodide (KI) and gly is also investigated. Electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) and potentiodynamic polarization data are in good agreement with the SCC results.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200763b

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8792–8795

Titre :	Alkaline-earth oxide Modified MnO2 cathode: : enhanced performance in an aqueous rechargeable battery
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Manickam Minakshi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8792–8795
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Alkaline earth oxide Aqueous rechargeable battery
Résumé :	The current work is reported on employing alkaline-earth oxide additives—i.e., barium oxide (BaO), calcium oxide (CaO), or magnesium oxide (MgO)—to the manganese dioxide (MnO2) cathode in an environmentally safe aqueous rechargeable battery. The influence of these additives on the electrochemical behavior of the MnO2 cathode in a Zn-MnO2 battery using lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as an electrolyte is investigated. These additives enhanced the discharge performance of the Zn-MnO2 battery and its rechargeability. Herein, the MnO2 was physically mixed with at least one of the alkaline-earth oxides (such as BaO, CaO, or MgO) in different proportions of 1, 2, and 5 wt % during the electrode preparation. The incorporation of BaO or MgO additives into MnO2 was found to result in significantly higher discharge capacity and longer cycle life, compared with the battery using CaO additive or additive-free MnO2. The role of these additives in the MnO2 cathode is found not to suppress the formation of nonrechargeable products, but rather to reduce the access of Zn ions to the MnO2; without these additives, a ZnO·Mn2O3 product may form at the cathode.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2001742

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8786–8791

Titre :	Effect of reagent addition rate and temperature on synthesis of gold nanoparticles in microemulsion route
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Girish Muralidharan, Auteur ; Lakshmanan Subramanian, Auteur ; Sravan Kumar Nallamuthu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8786–8791
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gold Nanoparticles Microemulsion
Résumé :	Nanoparticle synthesis in a microemulsion route is typically controlled by changing the water to surfactant ratio, concentration of precursors, and/or concentration of micelles. The experiments carried out in this work with chloroauric acid and hydrazine hydrate as precursors in water/AOT-Brij30/isooctane microemulsions show that the reagent addition rate can also be used to tune the size of stable spherical gold nanoparticles to some extent. The particle size goes through a minimum with variation in feed addition rate. The increase in particle size with an increase in reaction temperature is in agreement with an earlier report. A population balance model is used to interpret the experimental findings. The reduced extent of nucleation at low feed addition rates and suppression of nucleation due to the finite rate of mixing at higher addition rates produce a minimum in particle size. The increase in particle size at higher reaction temperatures is explained through an increase in fusion efficiency of micelles which dissipates supersaturation; increase in solubility is shown to play an insignificant role. The moderate polydispersity of the synthesized particles is due to the continued nucleation and growth of particles. The polydispersity of micelle sizes by itself plays a minor role.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2002507

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8773-8785

Titre :	Coordination number of the packing of ternary mixtures of spheres : DEM simulations versus measurements
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	L. Y. Yi, Auteur ; K. J. Dong, Auteur ; R. P. Zou, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8773-8785
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ternary mixture
Résumé :	Coordination number is an important microscopic parameter in describing the packing of particles. However, little information is available for particle mixtures because of the difficulty of investigating them experimentally. This article presents a numerical study on the coordination numbers of a ternary packing system with size ratios of 24.4/11.6/6.4 by means of the discrete element method (DEM). Good agreement between the simulated and measured results was obtained, which confirms, at a particle scale, that DEM is capable of generating reliable results for structural analysis of particle packing. It was also found that the coordination number distribution of each of the cases considered can be described by the so-called Johnson SB function. The distribution parameters of the function were quantified based on the DEM simulation results so that the coordination number distributions corresponding to different contact types in this ternary packing system can be fully described.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346918

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8764–8772

Titre :	Quantitative structure–property relations (QSPRs) for predicting the standard absolute entropy (S298 K°) of gaseous organic compounds
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Lailong Mu, Auteur ; Hongmei He, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8764–8772
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gaseous organic compounds
Résumé :	To predict the standard absolute entropies of gaseous organic compounds, the variable molecular connectivity index (mχ′) and Ring parameter (H), based on adjacency matrix of molecular graphs, variable atomic valence connectivity index (δi′), and the numbers of atomic chains (cycles) of molecule niR were proposed. The optimal values of parameters b, c, mi, and y included in the definition of δi′, and mχ′ can be found by using an optimization method. When b = 1.3, c = 0.91, and y = 0.22, a good four-parameter model can be constructed from H and mχ′ by using the best subsets regression analysis method for the standard absolute entropies of gaseous organic compounds. The correlation coefficient (r), standard error (s), and average absolute deviation (AAD) of the multivariate linear regression (MLR) model are 0.9988, 8.16 J K–1 mol–1, and 6.13 J K–1 mol–1, respectively, for the 726 gaseous organic compounds (training set). The AAD of predicted values of the standard absolute entropy of another 364 gaseous organic compounds (test set) is 6.14 J K–1 mol–1 for the MLR model. The results show that the MLR method can provide an accurate model for the prediction of the standard absolute entropies of gaseous organic compounds.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2003335

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8756-8763

Titre :	Measurement of transport properties for selected siloxanes and their mixtures used as working fluids for organic rankine cycles
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Rima Abbas, Auteur ; E. Christian Ihmels, Auteur ; Sabine Enders, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8756-8763
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Transport properties
Résumé :	Thermal conductivities have been measured for three linear siloxanes [hexamethyl disiloxane (MM), octamethyl trisiloxane (MDM), decamethyltetrasiloxane (MD2M)], two cyclic siloxanes [octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5)], and a mixture of 50 mass % MDM + 50 mass % MD2M in the temperature range from 290 to 520 K and the pressure range from 500 to 10000 kPa using the transient hot wire method and correlated with a temperature―pressure―thermal conductivity relationship. Moreover, the thermal conductivities at atmospheric pressure were measured for MM, D4, D5, and MD2M. The data were compared with the available data from the literature for four compounds. Additionally, the viscosities of the five siloxanes were measured in the temperature range from 238 to 378 K at atmospheric pressure using a rotational Stabinger viscometer.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346916

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8750-8755

Titre :	Phase equilibria of natural gas hydrates in the presence of methanol, ethylene glycol, and NaCl aqueous solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jong-Won Lee, Auteur ; Seong-Pil Kang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8750-8755
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Aqueous solution Gas hydrates Natural gas Phase equilibrium
Résumé :	The phase equilibria of natural gas hydrate were measured using natural gas distributed in the Korean domestic grid. In addition, the hydrate-phase equilibria in the presence of organic inhibitors of methanol and ethylene glycol at various concentrations and a salt (NaCl) were also investigated at 266.2–290.0 K and 0.99–8.86 MPa depending on the type and the concentration of the inhibitors. Experimental results showed that the hydrate-phase equilibria were shifted to the inhibition region in accordance with the increased inhibitor concentration. In the presence of a constant concentration of NaCl (3.5 wt %), the additional inhibition caused by the salt was found to be the same for either methanol or ethylene glycol at any concentration. Comparison of experimental temperature suppression caused by the addition of an inhibitor (both with and without the presence of NaCl) with the calculated results by two prediction methods showed good agreement except for the high concentrations of methanol and ethylene glycol.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346915

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8744-8752

Titre :	Displacement behavior of CH4 adsorbed on coals by injecting pure CO2, N2, and CO2-N2 mixture
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Dengfeng Zhang, Auteur ; Songgeng Li, Auteur ; Yongjun Cui, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8744-8752
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Asia Far East sedimentary rocks carbonaceous rocks Hokkaido Japan gaseous phase coalbed methane experimental studies greenhouse gas injection desorption density underground storage pressure sorption models nitrogen methane carbon dioxide isotherms adsorption coal displacements
Résumé :	Gas adsorption isotherms of Akabira coals were established for pure carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrogen (N2). Experimental data fit well into the Langmuir model. The ratio of sorption capacity of CO2, CH4, and N2 is 8.5:3.5:1 at a lower pressure (1.2 MPa) regime and becomes 5.5:2:1 when gas pressure increases to 6.0 MPa. The difference in sorption capacity of these three gases is explained by differences in the density of the three gases with increasing pressure. A coal-methane system partially saturated with CH4 at 2.4 MPa adsorption pressure was experimentally studied. Desorption behavior of CH4 by injecting pure CO2 (at 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 MPa), and by injecting the CO2-N2 mixture and pure N2(at 3.0 and 6.0 MPa) were evaluated. Results indicate that the preferential sorption property of coal for CO2 is significantly higher than that for CH4 or N2. CO2 injection can displace almost all of the CH4adsorbed on coal. When modeling the CH4-CO2 binary and CH2-CO2-N2 ternary adsorption system by using the extended Langmuir (EL) equation, the EL model always over-predicted the sorbed CO2 value with a lower error, while under-predicting the sorbed CH4 with a higher error. A part of CO2 may dissolve into the solid organic structure of coal, besides its competitive adsorption with other gases. According to this explanation, the EL coefficients of CO2 in EL equation were revised. The revised EL model proved to be very accurate in predicting sorbed ratio of multicomponent gases on coals.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17488723

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8734–8741

Titre :	Adsorption and removal of a xanthene dye from aqueous solution using two solid wastes as adsorbents
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yuru Wang, Auteur ; Wei Chu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8734–8741
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Solid waste Aqueous solution Xanthene dye Adsorption
Résumé :	This study aims to explore the possibility of utilizing silica fume (SF) and coal fly ash (CFA), both of which are solid wastes and collected from producing silicon metal or ferrosilicon alloys and electric power station, respectively, as cost-effective adsorbents. Laboratory-scale experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption equilibrium and adsorption kinetics of a xanthene dye Rhodamine B (RhB) on SF and CFA Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various parameters including contact time, temperature, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, and solution pH on the adsorption capacity of the two selected adsorbents. Experimental result showed that the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 150 min for each adsorbent and both of the adsorption isotherms could be well fitted to the Freundlich model. However, the adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of SF is nearly 4 times higher than that of CFA under the same conditions. Electrostatic interaction and cation exchange reaction play an important role on the adsorption process of RhB on SF and CFA. Desorption studies showed that 50% ethanol could be used as an effective extractant for the reuse of the adsorbents and recovery of the adsorbate. The two selected adsorbents have a potential in the application of the dye wastewater treatment.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346913

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8726-8733 [

Titre :	Long-time growth rate changes of sodium chlorate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and rochelle salt crystals independent of growth conditions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Andrijana A. Zekic, Auteur ; Mico M. Mitrovic, Auteur ; Suncica M. Elezovic - Hadzic, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8726-8733 [
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Sodium chlorate Crystals
Résumé :	Results of investigations of the changes in growth rate inherent to crystals (i.e., independent of macroscopic external conditions) during a 15-h growth period are presented. The results of the investigations regarding the time evolution of the growth rate dispersion are also presented. The majority of the investigations were carried out with sodium chlorate crystals, and several experiments were carried out with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and Rochelle salt crystals. It was found that, for the majority of the crystals, the main changes in growth rate occurred in the initial growth stage, which extended to for up 4 h. These growth rates probably slowly decrease toward the end of the growth run. Some of the very high initial growth rates that decreased during the initial growth period were followed by relatively high intermediate growth rates for the next few hours and then subsequently decreased. The growth rates for the majority of crystals probably gradually decreased after 15 h of growth. The results obtained show that these changes, which have not previously been taken into account, should be included in the interpretation of growth rate changes affected by various parameters (supersaturation, temperature, fields, stress, impurities, etc.). The obtained results could improve the current crystal growth theories, which are based on the design of specific growth conditions that result in a target product.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346912

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8711–8725

Titre :	New association scheme for 1-alcohols in alcohol/water mixtures with sPC-SAFT: : the 2C association scheme
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Adriaan J. De Villiers, Auteur ; Cara E. Schwarz, Auteur ; Andries J. Burger, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8711–8725
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Alcohol Water
Résumé :	A new association scheme for sPC-SAFT, denoted as 2C, is presented for more-accurate predictions of 1-alcohol/water phase equilibria than with the 2B or 3B association schemes. This 2C association scheme consists of one bipolar association site and one negative electron donor site and is a combination of the 1A and 2B/3B association schemes. The performance of the 2C scheme is evaluated and compared to the 2B and 3B schemes by modeling the vapor–liquid equilibria and liquid–liquid equilibria of alcohol/water, alcohol/alcohol and alcohol/alkane mixtures. Liquid–liquid equilibria of multicomponent systems are also considered. Compared to sPC-SAFT with the 2B or 3B schemes, sPC-SAFT-2C provides improved phase equilibria predictions for the investigated alcohol/water vapor–liquid systems, as well as for liquid–liquid equilibria of water/alcohol/alkane and water/alcohol/alcohol ternary systems. However, a slight deterioration in the prediction of binary alcohol/alkane phase equilibria is observed with the 2C scheme, compared to the 2B scheme. Furthermore, related VLE predictions with sPC-SAFT-2C compare well to predictions with the Cubic-Plus-Association (CPA) equation of state.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200521k

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8703-8710

Titre :	Rapid pressure swing adsorption for reduction of bed size factor of a medical oxygen concentrator
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Siew Wah Chai, Auteur ; Mayuresh V. Kothare, Auteur ; Shivaji Sircar, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8703-8710
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Network hub Pressure swing adsorption
Résumé :	Reduction of the adsorber size of a medical oxygen concentrator (MOC) employing a generic pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology is an ongoing research and development activity. The MOC typically produces a 90―93% O2-enriched product gas from ambient air at a rate of ≤ 10 L/minute (LPM) for individual use. A common practice is to reduce the total cycle time (tc, seconds) of the PSA process in order to decrease the bed size factor [BSF, pounds of adsorbent in the PSA unit per ton of contained O2 per day production rate (TPDc)]. Adsorbent columns packed with very small adsorbent particles are used to enhance the adsorption kinetics for rapid PSA cycle operation. An experimental mini-PSA set up was used to measure the performance of a simulated Skarstrom-like PSA cycle using a commercial sample of LiX zeolite as the air separation sorbent. Different adsorbent particle sizes, adsorption pressures, and cycle times were tested. It was experimentally demonstrated that BSF cannot be indefinitely reduced by lowering tc because of finite adsorbate mass transfer and gas-solid heat transfer resistances, as well as column pressure drop during the desorption step. A BSF of ∼25―50 Ibs/TPDc with an O2 recovery of ∼25―35% for production of ∼90% O2 could be achieved by the PSA process using a dry, CO2-free air feed at a pressure of 3-4 atm, an adsorbent particle size of ∼0.35 mm, and a total cycle time of 3―5 s. A novel 'snap on' concept of a truly compact and portable MOC was proposed.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346910

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8698-8702

Titre :	Selective adsorption of SO2 from flue gas on triethanolamine-modified large pore SBA-15
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yongting Zhi, Auteur ; Yaping Zhou, Auteur ; Wei Su, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8698-8702
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gaseous effluent Adsorption
Résumé :	Flue gas desulfurization technology is important for coal-fueled power plants, and adsorptive separation of SO2 is a potential method applicable in practice. Large pore SBA-15 with surface modified by TEA (triethanolamine) showed excellent performance for the selective adsorption of SO2 from flue gas. The SO2 capacity reached 177 mg/g at 80% TEA loading ratio, while the adsorption of CO2 was negligible. The adsorbent also showed good tolerance to moisture existing in flue gas, and the moisture showed a positive effect on the desulfurization. The saturated adsorbent was regenerated when heated to 120 °C, and the SO2 capacity was almost retained in consecutive adsorption/regeneration cycles.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346909

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8693-8697

Titre :	Antimicrobial m-aramid nanofibrous membrane for nonpressure driven filtration
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sam Soo Kim, Auteur ; Daun Jung, Auteur ; Uk Han Choi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8693-8697
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Filtration
Résumé :	An antimicrobial nanofibrous membrane for nonpressure driven filtration is reported. m-Aramid as an N-halamine precursor was dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and the m-aramid nanofibrous membrane was formed using an electro-spinning process. The morphology of the m-aramid membrane was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mean pore size, pore size distribution and liquid permeability of the m-aramid membrane were determined using a capillary flow porometer. The antimicrobial efficacy of the m-aramid membrane was performed by nonpressure driven filtration. The chlorinated m-aramid membrane showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The chlorine lost after filtration could be regained upon rechlorination.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346908

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8686-8692

Titre :	Effect of membrane filtration on ozonation efficiency for removal of atrazine from surface water
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Patricia Luis, Auteur ; Mohd Saquib, Auteur ; Chris Vinckier, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8686-8692
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Membrane separation Surface water Ozonization Membrane filtration
Résumé :	The kinetics of the decay rate of atrazine from surface water by ozonation was studied at pH 3, 7, and 9 without and with pretreatment with several pressure-driven membrane filtration methods: ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO), in order to determine the influence of the feedwater quality on the chemical oxidation of atrazine. First, the atrazine decay rate was determined in surface water (without pretreatment with membranes) in the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). An increase in the atrazine decay rate is observed at pH 3 and 7 in surface water, which can be attributed to the presence of NOM since it acts as OH radicals promoter. However, at pH = 9, the NOM effect vanishes since at this high pH, the advanced oxidation process (AOP) effect becomes far dominant. The efficiency of combining membrane filtration techniques with a subsequent ozonation step for removing atrazine from surface water mainly depends on the pH and the molecular weight fraction of the NOM. Under acidic conditions only UF enhances the atrazine decay rate since this technique does not retain the low molecular weight fraction of the NOM, which acts as OH radical promoter, while removing the high molecular weight fraction of the NOM which acts as a radical scavenger. At pH = 7, the presence of carbonate/bicarbonate ions as OH radical scavengers starts to prevail over the NOM effect. Because RO is the most efficient technique to decrease the carbonate/bicarbonate content, RO enhances the atrazine decay by more than 50%. At pH = 9, the AOP effect becomes by far dominant and annuls the NOM and carbonate/ bicarbonate effect. The efficiency of membrane filtration techniques becomes doubtful in view of their marginal effe
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346907

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8678-8685

Titre :	Cassava starch pearls as a desiccant for drying ethanol
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Youngmi Kim, Auteur ; Rick Hendrickson, Auteur ; Nathan Mosier, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8678-8685
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Drying
Résumé :	The fuel ethanol industry uses corn grits packed in fixed bed adsorption towers to dry hydrous ethanol vapors in an energy efficient manner. Spherical micropearl cassava starch exhibit a higher adsorption capacity than corn grits of the same size and may be a viable replacement for ground corn. Adsorption equilibrium curves, BET surface area measurements, and SEM images provide an explanation for the enhanced performance of cassava micropearls based on particle architecture and the surface area available to water molecules. The SEM images show that the micropearls form a core―shell structure with pregel starch acting as the scaffold that holds starch granules in an outer layer. This layer determines the BET surface area and the measured equilibrium adsorption capacity. The core―shell microstructure results in a shortened diffusion path-length and enhanced adsorption rates. These microstructural and operational characteristics provide a template for microfabrication of enhanced capacity starch based spherical adsorbents that could replace ground corn for the drying of ethanol.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346906

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8665-8677

Titre :	Properties of alkylimidazoles as solvents for CO2 capture and comparisons to imidazolium-based ionic liquids
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Matthew S. Shannon, Auteur ; Jason E. Bara, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8665-8677
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ionic liquid Carbon dioxide
Résumé :	Density, viscosity, and CO2 solubility of a series of 10 1-n-alkylimidazoles with chain lengths ranging from methyl (C1) to tetradecyl (C14) were characterized. Density and viscosity values were comparable to many common organic solvents over a temperature range of 20-80 °C. The measured data were utilized to develop empirical models for these physical properties with respect to temperature and the contribution of the n-alkyl chain. Solubility of CO2 in 1-n-alkylimidazoles at ambient temperature (25 °C) and low pressures (3―7 atm) was found to be less than most common organic solvents, even though the 1-n-alkylimidazole motif offers opportunities to tune the molecule's solubility parameter. This effect was attributed to lower fractional free volume (FFV) that is available in molecules with systematically variable side chains. 1-n-Alkylimidazoles were less dense than most 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), with differences ranging from 10 to 50%, based on contributions to increased density from the anion. However, much larger differences in viscosities were observed between the two classes of compounds, with ILs at least an order of magnitude more viscous than their neutral 1-n-alkylimidazole counterparts. Solubility levels of CO2 were similar in both types of solvents, indicating that no advantage (or disadvantage) in CO2 uptake is achieved by transforming a neutral 1-n-alkylimidazole to a charged IL solvent. While CO2 solubility levels in each are insufficient to provide a viable solvent for postcombustion CO2 capture applications, 1-n-alkylimidazoles can be used in combination with amines as a low-volatility, high-capacity solvent to capture CO2, using only inexpensive and readily available components. The viscosity of a highly CO2-rich liquid phase formed between monoethanolamine (MEA) and 1-butylimidazole was found to be 85―100 cP at 298 K, which is less viscous than many neat ILs. Initial data indicate 1-butylimidazole has a synergistic effect on CO2 capture as the solution can easily exceed the stoichiometric limitations of 2 mol of MEA/(1 mol of CO2), Thus, while certainly more volatile than IL-based analogues, 1-n-alkylimidazole solvents may offer some unique capabilities and advantages in CO2 capture processes.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346905

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8658-8664

Titre :	Synergetic extraction of phytic acid from HCl extract of rapeseed meal with alamine 336 and n-octanol dissolved in sulfonated kerosene
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hongkuan Kang, Auteur ; Xiaohua Zhou, Auteur ; Lichun Dong, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8658-8664
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Extract Synergism
Résumé :	Extraction of phytic acid from HCl extract of rapeseed meal using Alamine 336/n-octanol/sulfonated kerosene was investigated. The results showed that the addition of n-octanol can significantly enhance the extraction of phytic acid by Alamine 336/sulfonated kerosene, indicating the synergetic effect between Alamine 336 and n-octanol. The key affecting factors of the extraction include pH and the concentration of the extractants, whose effects on the distribution ratio were quantitatively analyzed. Phytic acid extracted into the organic solutions can be well strip extracted back by using a dilute NaOH solution. At the optimum operating conditions, the extraction efficiency from a 0.03 mol/L phytic acid solution can reach 85.4%, and the corresponding single strip-extraction efficiency is 74.6%, while the total strip-extraction efficiency after three strip extractions can reach 96.4%.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346904

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8645-8657

Titre :	Preparation of negatively charged hybrid adsorbents and their applications for Pb2+ removal
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Junsheng Liu, Auteur ; Jingyu Si, Auteur ; Quan Zhang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8645-8657
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Preparation Hybrid adsorbents
Résumé :	A novel approach to the negatively charged hybrid adsorbents was proposed. These hybrid adsorbents were prepared via the ring opening of pyromellitic acid dianhydride (PMDA) and N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine and a subsequent sol-gel process. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the step products. Their adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS for Pb2+ removal from aqueous solution were examined. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis thermal amylases showed that these samples had high thermal stability and the crystallization temperature increased with an increase in the PMDA content because of cross-linking between organic and inorganic moieties and the further formation of a hybrid matrix. Adsorption experiments indicated that Pb2+ adsorption on these hybrid adsorbents followed the Lagergren second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The negative values of ΔG and the positive values of ΔH showed that Pb + adsorption on these hybrid adsorbents was spontaneous and an endothermic process in nature. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry images further confirmed Pb2+ ions on the surfaces of samples A-D. Moreover, a desorption experiment indicated that they can be regenerated. These findings suggest that the prepared hybrid adsorbents are promising in the separation and recovery of Pb2+ ions from contaminated water.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346903

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8632-8644

Titre :	Microwave swing regeneration vs temperature swing regeneration comparison of desorption kinetics
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Robert Cherbański, Auteur ; Magdalena Komorowska-Durka, Auteur ; Georgios D. Stefanidis, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8632-8644
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Microwave Desorption kinetics
Résumé :	This paper presents a comparison of microwave swing regeneration (MSR) and temperature swing regeneration (TSR) of acetone and toluene from 13X molecular sieves in terms of desorption kinetics and desorption efficiencies. The experiments were performed for two forms of the adsorbent: adsorbent bed consisting of spherical beads and adsorbent pressed in the shape of pastilles to allow for precise temperature measurement of the solid adsorbent. In TSR the adsorbent is heated by means of a hot inert gas stream whereas in MSR the adsorbent dissipates microwave energy into heat. It was found that MSR runs faster even when the adsorbent temperature is much lower than the gas temperature in TSR. This implies more efficient desorption due to less energy waste in the form of heat losses and less sensible enthalpy of purge gas stream since the total gas consumption is considerably decreased. The observed enhancement of microwave-driven desorption is more pronounced for the polar adsorbate (acetone) or high heat transfer resistances (pastilles). Finally, it was verified that microwaves do not affect the adsorption capacity of the molecular sieves after several consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://journals1.scholarsportal.info/details.xqy?uri=/08885885/v50i0014/8632_msr [...]

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8620-8631

Titre :	Study on the mechanism and energy consumption of CO2 regeneration process by membrane electrolysis
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xinglei Zhao, Auteur ; Na Liu, Auteur ; Yundong Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8620-8631
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Electrolysis Carbon dioxide Energy consumption
Résumé :	A significant barrier for carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) deployment is the high capital cost and the high energy consumption for capturing CO2 from a coal fired power station. Novel membrane electrolytic regeneration technology has been reported to significantly reduce the energy consumption compared with the conventional thermal regeneration process [Martin, F. J.; Kubic Jr., W. L. Green Freedom: A Concept for Producing Carbon-Neutral Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals; LA-UR-07-7897 ; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA, 2007]. The mechanism and energy consumption for this novel process have been studied in this paper. CO2 regeneration was achieved through the membrane electrolysis process, and CO2 regeneration efficiency reached as high as 100%. At room temperature, the membrane electrolysis process is considered in three stages: no CO2 release stage, enhanced CO2 release stage, and steady CO2 release stage. The mechanisms for each stage and the whole process have been presented. Compared with the traditional CCS process, the energy requirement is significantly reduced to 16.6% for the regeneration process and 25.8% for the total CO2 capture and compression process using the electrolysis regeneration process based on ASPEN PLUS simulations. Further work on the membrane electrolytic regeneration is needed to examine the impact of promoters, the optimization of electrolysis conditions, and the equipment cost.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346901

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8603-8619

Titre :	Work to chemical processes : the relationship between heat, temperature, pressure, and process complexity
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Baraka Celestin Sempuga, Auteur ; Diane Hildebrandt, Auteur ; Bilal Patel, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8603-8619
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Chemical processes Temperature Process complexity
Résumé :	For a chemical process to be feasible, two levels of energy must be met: the heat and work requirements of the process. Whereas, for most processes, the heat requirement can easily be satisfied, supplying the amount of work needed is a major challenge and is usually the determinant of the process complexity. In some cases, heat, by virtue of its temperature, can satisfy the work requirement for a process; it is the simplest method for supplying work but could result in major irreversibility when applied inappropriately to a process. This article discusses different techniques that can be used to supply work to a process. A graphical approach, namely, the gh diagram, is used to analyze the heat and work requirements of chemical processes and to determine which method of supplying work is suitable for the process to be feasible and reversible. An ammonia process is analyzed as a case study, in which different methods of supplying work are compared and an attempt is made to elucidate the consequences of operating conditions, namely, temperature, on the reversibility and complexity of the process. This is a novel approach to process synthesis that requires knowledge of ΔH and ΔG only to determine the target for a process in terms of heat and work requirements, to determine which method of supplying work is suitable, to provide means of manipulating the process in order to use available technology and get as close to reversibility as possible, and to provide an early understanding of what the process structure would be. It also allows for the assessment of irreversibilities and where they occur within a process; therefore, it can be applied to existing processes to reveal opportunities for improvement and determine how they can be achieved.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2004785

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8585-8602

Titre :	Analysis of interaction effects on plantwide operability
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ridwan Setiawan, Auteur ; Jie Bao, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8585-8602
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Plantwide Chemical processes
Résumé :	Modem chemical plants are complex and consist of many process units interconnected in various configurations (e.g., recycle, bypass, and heat integration). Because of these interconnections, the unit interactions often impose limitations on the plantwide operability of chemical processes, especially on the performance of decentralized controller. In this article, a plantwide operability analysis approach that explicitly considers the interactions based on network perspective is presented. It provides a uniform framework for the assessment of plantwide stability, stabilizability, and achievable dynamic performance in the case of regulatory control using the concept of dissipative systems. To focus on the effects of process dynamics and the interaction between subsystems on the plantwide operability, this analysis was developed with the assumption of state-feedback control. The above analysis problem involves linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which are convex and easy to solve.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346899

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8571-8584

Titre :	Plantwide control for economic optimum operation of a recycle process with side reaction
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Rahul Jagtap, Auteur ; Nitin Kaistha, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8571-8584
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Process control
Résumé :	Plantwide control system design for the economically optimum operation of a recycle process with side reaction, consisting of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) followed by two distillation columns, is studied. The steady-state operating profit is maximized over a large throughput range for an existing design. As the throughput is increased, constraints progressively become active until maximum throughput is reached where all the steady-state degrees of freedom are exhausted. A strategy of moving the throughput manipulator to the next constraint to become active as the throughput is increased is used to improve the control of the active constraint. This minimizes the variability and hence the back-off in the active constraint variables for economically optimal operation. The plantwide control system (CS1) so obtained is quantitatively compared with three other more conventional control systems (CS2–CS4) in terms of the required back-off to avoid hard constraint violation for disturbances. Results show that the most economical operation is achieved using CS1 and the traditional practice of fixing throughput at the feed (CS4) gives the highest (up to 7%) economic loss. A simple switching scheme to transition from low to maximum throughput is also demonstrated.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346898

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8558-8570

Titre :	Optimal planning of a biomass conversion system considering economic and environmental aspects
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jose Ezequiel Santibanez-Aguilar, Auteur ; J. Betzabe Gonzalez-Campos, Auteur ; José María Ponce-Ortega, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8558-8570
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Biomass Planning
Résumé :	This paper presents a multiobjective optimization model based on a mathematical programming formulation for the optimal planning of a biorefinery, considering the optimal selection of feedstock, processing technology, and a set of products. The multiobjective optimization problem simultaneously considers the profit maximization and the environmental impact minimization. The economic objective function takes into account the availability of bioresources, processing limits, and demand of products, as well as the costs of feedstocks, products, and processing routes. On the other hand, the environmental assessment includes the overall environmental impact measured through the eco-indicator-99 based on the life cycle analysis methodology. The proposed methodology generates a Pareto curve that identifies the set of optimal solutions for both objectives, and it is applied to a case study for planning the production of a biorefinery in Mexico.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346897

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8542–8557

Titre :	Systematic approach to the design of operation and control policies in activated sludge systems
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Antonio C. B. De Araujo, Auteur ; Simone Gallani, Auteur ; Michela Mulas, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8542–8557
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Biological wastewater treatment process Activated sludge
Résumé :	This article describes the systematic design of a control structure for a biological wastewater treatment process as given by the test-bed Benchmark Simulation Model No. 1 (BSM1) and Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1). The objective of this work was to formalize and implement a systematic and yet simple procedure for the selection of control structures in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and to show that the application of the proposed methodology agrees with the “empirical”’ findings regarding the operation of this process. The motivation underlying this endeavor was to search for a control configuration that leads to optimal economic operation while promptly rejecting disturbances at lower layers in the control hierarchy, thus avoiding violation of the more important regulatory constraints on effluent discharge. We started by optimizing a steady-state nonlinear model of the process for various important disturbances. The results confirmed that it is economically optimal to control the oxygen concentration in the aerobic basins and the nitrate in the second anoxic tank at their respective lower bounds, whereas the effluent ammonia from the bioreactors should be controlled at its upper limit. In addition, because it is good practice to operate with minimal manipulation, the wastage flow rate should be fixed at its nominal optimal set point. The proposed decentralized control configuration, consisting of simple PI controllers, is capable of maintaining the process well within the regulatory limits at a small cost when dynamic disturbances represented by three weather files affect the process, therefore suggesting that, according to the applied systematic methodology, more complex (multivariable) regulators are not necessary for the ASM1 process.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie101703s

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8536-8541

Titre :	Controllable preparation of SiO2 nanoparticles using a microfiltration membrane dispersion microreactor
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Le Du, Auteur ; Jing Tan, Auteur ; Kai Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8536-8541
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Microreactor Dispersion Membrane separation Microfiltration Nanoparticle Preparation
Résumé :	The study presents a new technology for controllable preparation of SiO2 nanoparticles using a membrane dispersion microreactor. A gas―liquid precipitation reaction system was suggested for economics. (NH4)2SiF6 aqueous solution, a byproduct from wet-process phosphoric acid technology, was supplied as the reactant. Pure ammonia (NH3) was used as the precipitation agent. A microfiltation membrane with 0.2 μm pore size was used as the microdispersion medium to control the bubble size. The effect of various operation parameters on nanoparticles was determined, and the process was optimized. The SiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer―Emmet―Teller analysis. The results showed that the preparation process could be easily controlled. The SiO2 nanoparticles were of a pseudospherical shape, the average particle size of which could vary from 10 to 150 nm. The particle size distribution was relatively narrow, and a specific surface area of around 360 m2/g was reached.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346895

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8529-8535

Titre :	Determination of agglomeration kinetics in nanoparticle dispersions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Herbert Loria, Auteur ; Pedro Pereira-Almao, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8529-8535
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Dispersion Nanoparticle Kinetics Agglomeration
Résumé :	The direct application of nanoparticles as nonsupported adsorbents and catalysts is of high interest since they offer high surface areas with reduced mass transfer limitations. However, the natural tendency of these materials to aggregate, even faster when at high temperatures, makes the agglomeration process an important phenomenon to be studied, understood and, eventually controlled. A method to obtain the kinetics of nanoparticle agglomeration processes is presented in this paper. This analysis was based on the change of particle diameter during aggregation. The kinetic expression was validated with a series of experiments where the growth of Fe2O3 nanoparticles immersed in base oil was followed at different times, temperatures, and particle concentrations. Results revealed the nature of the particle agglomeration process in the ranges of the experimental conditions; they indicated that physical adhesion, more than chemical binding, is the determining mechanism for agglomeration of Fe2O3 nanoparticles immersed in base oil.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346894

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8524–8528

Titre :	Preparation of alumina from heated kaolin leached by citric acid with AACH as an intermediate
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhanglong Yu, Auteur ; Yongmei Chen, Auteur ; Zhixia Shi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8524–8528
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Preparation Heated kaolin
Résumé :	Because the supply of bauxite ores in many countries is becoming deficient, a process of preparing alumina from an alternative resource, namely, kaolin, is proposed in this work. First, kaolin was heated at 600 °C for 2 h before being leached with 1 M citric acid solution, about 75% of the Al in kaolin entered the leachate as aluminum citrate (AlCit) solution. Then, about 50% of the Al(III) in the leachate could be precipitated as ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH) by addition of NH4HCO3 at pH 9.00 ± 0.50. The morphology of AACH characterized by SEM and TEM was spherical particles composed of many nanorods with sizes of about 500 × 25 nm. Finally, mesoporous γ-Al2O3 was obtained by roasting AACH at 700 °C. The Fe and Na contents in the obtained γ-Al2O3 product determined by XRD and ICP-AES were 2 and 0.1 ppm, respectively. The obtained γ-Al2O3 had a morphology similar to that of AACH, and its BET surface area was as high as 235.2 m2/g.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346893

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8515–8523

Titre :	Adsorption of Pb(II) ion from aqueous solutions by tourmaline as a novel adsorbent
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	C. P. Wang, Auteur ; J. Z. Wu, Auteur ; H. W. Sun, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8515–8523
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ion Aqueous solutions Novel adsorbent
Résumé :	The potential of tourmaline as a natural adsorbent for toxic metals, such as Pb(II), from acidic water was investigated. Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, temperature, particle size, and dose of absorbents. Results indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) depended significantly on all the above-mentioned parameters except pH: no significant differences in adsorption mass were noted between pH 4.0 and pH 5.0. This independence from pH was in contrast to heavy metal adsorption by the conventional materials in acidic conditions. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses elucidated the adsorption mechanisms of tourmaline of different particle sizes for Pb(II). FTIR analyses revealed that the bands originating from tourmaline particles of the spectra of 0.5–50 μm differed from those of 60–180 μm before and after interaction with aqueous Pb(II). SEM showed the evidence that Pb(II) aggregates were formed on tourmaline surfaces of 0.5–50 μm size particles. These results indicated differences in Pb(II) adsorption between 0.5–50 and 60–180 μm particle sizes, which were attributed to their differing extent of adjusting the pH of the solution. Hence, Pb(II) adsorption on the 0.5–50 μm tourmaline particles at 25 °C was the result of electropolar adsorption and chemisorption processes. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Langmuir–Freundlich isotherms all indicated good fits to the experimental data. The maximum mass of Pb(II) adsorbed (qm), as evaluated by a Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm, was 108 mg/g on tourmaline of 0.5–50 μm at an initial pH 5.0, which was much greater than that obtained for previously reported materials. Thus, this study shows that tourmaline may be explored as a new material for removing pollutants from the environment.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie102520w

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8505–8514

Titre :	SO3 formation under oxyfuel combustion conditions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Daniel Fleig, Auteur ; Klas Andersson, Auteur ; Fredrik Normann, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8505–8514
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Oxyfuel combustion
Résumé :	The sulfur chemistry in oxyfuel combustion systems has received growing attention lately. The formation of SO3 is of special concern, because of the elevated SO2 concentrations found in oxyfuel, compared to air-fuel conditions. The present study focuses on the gas-phase chemistry and examines the impact of different combustion parameters and atmospheres on the formation of SO3 in oxyfuel and air-fuel flames, using a detailed gas-phase model. The work also includes a summary of the presently available SOx data from experiments in laboratory and pilot-scale combustors. The reviewed experimental data, as well as the modeling results, show significantly increased SO3 concentrations in oxyfuel, compared to air-fuel conditions. The modeling results reveal a complex behavior of the SO3 formation, which is influenced by direct and indirect effects of the SO2, O2, NOx, and CO content in the flue gas. One of the main contributors to the increased SO3 concentration in oxyfuel, compared to air-fuel conditions, is the high concentration of SO2 in oxyfuel combustion. The modeling also shows that the stoichiometry, residence time, and flue-gas cooling rate are critical to the SO3 formation. Thus, in addition to the stoichiometry of the flame, the flue-gas recycling conditions are likely to influence the formation of SO3 in oxyfuel combustion.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2005274

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8498-8504

Titre :	Phenol production kinetic model in the cyclohexanol dehydrogenation process
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Arturo Romero, Auteur ; Aurora Santos, Auteur ; Gema Ruiz, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8498-8504
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Modeling Dehydrogenation Kinetic model Production
Résumé :	A kinetic model of phenol formation in the process of dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone has been developed and validated, including variables such as the temperature and the concentration of reactants and products. Catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone in the gas phase was conducted at atmospheric pressure in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor (T = 220, 250, and 290 °C; W/QL ratios from 102 to 1773 gcat h kg―1). A commercial copper zinc oxide catalyst was employed. The kinetics of phenol formation, the main process impurity, were determined after discrimination of a kinetic model of the dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone. Weak adsorption of hydrogen on the copper catalyst was confirmed. Different reaction pathways for phenol formation were studied. The results suggested that phenol is obtained from cyclohexanone. This model was validated by the study of the reaction with pure cyclohexanone. Phenol production predicted by the proposed model fitted quite well with the experimental data. The estimated activation energy of phenol formation was 113.6 kJ/mol.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346890

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8492-8497

Titre :	Temperature effect on hydrothermal decomposition of glucose in sub- and supercritical water
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Chutinan Promdej, Auteur ; Yukihiko Matsumura, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8492-8497
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Supercritical state Temperature effect
Résumé :	Hydrothermal decomposition of glucose was conducted at 573-733 K.The glucose solution (1.5 wt %) was gasified in a tubular reactor at 25 MPa. Gas products, char particles, and liquid products were observed, and the product yields were determined as a function of temperature. Char was only produced under the subcritical water condition (573 and 623 K) and was drastically suppressed under the supercritical condition. Intermediate compounds were produced and further decomposed to other products. This change can be attributed to the change in water properties from the subcritical to the supercritical region. The kinetic parameters of glucose decomposition pathways were also determined by assuming the first-order reaction. The rate constant of overall glucose decomposition showed Arrhenius behavior, but some reactions deviated from Arrhenius behavior in the supercritical region. Since it was expected that radical reactions would obey the Arrhenius equation and not be affected by water properties, but that ionic reactions would be influenced by the dielectric constant or ion product, and deviate from Arrhenius behavior in supercritical water, the temperature effect was considered a good method for distinguishing between ionic and radical reactions. On the basis of this concept, reactions in the reaction network of the supercritical water gasification of glucose were successfully classified into ionic and radical reactions.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346889

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8485-8491

Titre :	Synthesis of titanium silicalite-1 with small crystal size by using mother liquid of titanium silicalite-1 As seed
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yi Zuo, Auteur ; Xiangsheng Wang, Auteur ; Xinwen Guo, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8485-8491
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Titanium Silicalite
Résumé :	Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) with small crystal size was synthesized in a TPABr-ethylamine system using the mother liquid of nanosized TS-1 as seed. The as-synthesized small-crystal TS-1, the size of which was about 600 nm × 400 nm x 250 nm was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV―vis), UV-Raman, N2 sorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Its catalytic performance was evaluated in the epoxidation of propylene and the hydroxylation of phenol. The conversion of hydrogen peroxide and selectivity of propylene oxide (PO) in the propylene epoxidation reached 92 and 98 mol %, respectively. In the hydroxylation of phenol, small-crystal TS-1 also resulted in a high conversion of phenol.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346888

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8476-8484

Titre :	Fault detection based on acoustic emission-early agglomeration recognition system in fluidized bed reactor
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yefeng Zhou, Auteur ; Kezeng Dong, Auteur ; Huang Zhengliang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8476-8484
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Fluidized bed reactor Agglomeration Acoustic emission Failure detection
Résumé :	Agglomeration is one of the most challenging problems due to overheating of the particles in fluidized bed reactors (FBRs). Therefore, it is an urgent task to develop a reliable and sensitive method, which can help accurately detect the agglomeration in an early stage. In this study, acoustic emission-early agglomeration recognition system (AE-EARS) has been put forward for fault detection. Based on acoustic emission signals, the attractor comparison method was developed for prewarning the agglomeration in lab-scale and pilot-scale apparatus. The results concluded from this study demonstrated that the statistical characteristic S acts more sensitively to small agglomeration when compared with the malfunction coefficients CD2 and CK2, and other traditional measurement techniques (such as γ ray, temperature, and pressure difference). Besides, model optimization based on AE-EARS can help to select the criterion and improve the rate of false alarm. The analysis methods based on AE-EARS can warn the agglomeration earlier, faster, and more accurately. Especially the S value based on the attractor comparison, can be used as an indicator for "early recognition", which enjoys a broad prospect in industrial application.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346887

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8468-8475

Titre :	Portable thermoelectric power generator based on a microfabricated silicon combustor with low resistance to flow
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Christopher H. Marton, Auteur ; George S. Haldeman, Auteur ; Klavs F. Jensen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8468-8475
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thermoelectric Silicon Combustor
Résumé :	A portable-scale thermoelectric power generator is designed, fabricated, and tested. The basis of the system is a mesoscale silicon reactor for the combustion of butane over an alumina-supported platinum catalyst. The system is integrated with commercial bismuth telluride thermoelectric modules to produce 5.8 W of electrical power with a chemical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of 2.5% (based on LHV). The energy and power densities of the demonstrated system are 321 W h kg―1 and 17 W kg―1, respectively. The pressure drop through the system is 130 Pa for the highest flow rate used, resulting in a parasitic power requirement for air-pressurization of ∼0.1 W. The demonstration represents an order-of-magnitude improvement in portable-scale electrical power from thermoelectrics and hydrocarbon fuels, and a notable increase in the conversion efficiency compared with previous studies.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346886

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8444-8467

Titre :	Electrically heated catalysts for hybrid applications : mathematical modeling and analysis
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Karthik Ramanathan, Auteur ; Se H. Oh, Auteur ; Edward J. Bissett, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8444-8467
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Modeling Catalyst
Résumé :	In view of the significant cold-start hydrocarbon emission reduction potential of the electrically heated converter (EHC) technology for conventional stoichiometric gasoline engines, there is considerable interest in better understanding of the thermal and emission performance characteristics and optimizing the design/operating aspects of an EHC system as applied to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and extended-range electric vehicles (EREVs). The application of the EHC technology to these hybrid vehicles is unique in that catalyst cooling to below reaction temperatures can occur during extended periods of electric vehicle driving (with engine off) or during intermittent engine stops/starts, and the EHC can be heated prior to engine start (preheating) for enhanced emission reduction. In this study, the design aspects and heating strategies of an EHC system have been analyzed using a transient monolith converter model which accounts for the resistive heating of an inert metal-substrate monolith placed ahead of a conventional three-way catalytic converter. The results of model calculations presented here quantify the effects of various heating strategies on the emission performance of hybrid vehicles during the first 250 s of the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) drive cycle. It is also shown that there exists an optimum electric heater volume for cases with either preheating only or a combination of pre- and postheating. For the latter case, the emission performance can be further improved by adding a smaller electric heater (downstream of the existing heater) which is capable of heating the gas rapidly and efficiently during postheating.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346885

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8438-8443

Titre :	Support effects on the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene over platinum catalysts
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Rohan Gudgila, Auteur ; Corey A. Leclerc, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8438-8443
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Oxidative dehydrogenation Platinum catalysts
Résumé :	Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to form ethylene was carried out over a platinum catalyst at short contact times. Alumina, zirconia, or silica reticulated foams were used as catalyst supports. The carbon selectivity to form ethylene was affected by the support material whereas the conversion of ethane was not affected to a large extent. The selectivity to form ethylene decreased from silica, to alumina, to zirconia. The temperature programmed desorption of ammonia carried out on the support materials showed that the zirconia support had a higher concentration of acid sites than either alumina or silica. After coating the supports, hydrogen chemisorption on the used catalyst showed metal dispersion was highest on silica and lowest on zirconia. The much higher selectivity on silica and alumina as compared to zirconia is explained by the lack of acid sites that catalyze the decomposition of ethylene to carbon. The higher dispersion of platinum on silica versus alumina will lead to a decrease in platinum metal costs of a real catalyst. The silica-supported catalyst achieved a yield close to that of a steam cracker without any attempt to optimize the system.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://journals1.scholarsportal.info/details.xqy?uri=/08885885/v50i0014/8438_seo [...]

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8430-8437

Titre :	Effects of gas-solid hydrodynamic behavior on the reactions of the sorption enhanced steam methane reforming process in bubbling fluidized bed reactors
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yuefa Wang, Auteur ; Zhongxi Chao, Auteur ; Hugo A. Jakobsen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8430-8437
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Fluidized bed reactor Bubbling Reforming Water vapor Sorption Hydrodynamics Gas solid
Résumé :	A three-dimensional two-fluid modeling approach with the kinetic theory of granular flow was used to study the process of sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) carried out in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The effects of the superficial gas velocity and restitution coefficient on the solid flow pattern and reactions were investigated. The hydrodynamic properties of the reactive flow showed different behaviors compared to the cold flow. The superficial gas velocity and restitution coefficient influence the bed expansion and bed uniformity in different ways. The reactions ofSE-SMR were affected mainly by the superficial gas velocity, while the restitution coefficient has a smaller influence on the reactions. The CO2 adsorption is a faster reaction than the SMR reactions. A uniform bed state will be of more benefit to slow reactions than to fast reactions.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346883

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8420-8429

Titre :	Online estimation of coke in a circulating fluidized bed based on acoustic emission sensors and multivariate calibration
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ren Congjing, Auteur ; Tang Yueqi, Auteur ; Wang Jingdai, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8420-8429
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Calibration Acoustic emission Circulating fluidized bed Fluidization
Résumé :	The aim of this work was to investigate the application of an acoustic monitoring system for production scale circulating fluidized bed processes. The relationship between acoustic signals and the coke amount deposited on the catalysts was investigated on both lab scale and production scale reactors. By using Power spectrum density analysis, the relationship between the coke amount and the frequency shift of the characteristic peak of acoustic signals was found to be linear. In addition, a model to detect the coke amount on catalyst was established based on partial least-squares regression. Comparing the model results with experimental data, the amount of deposited coke is determined with a correlation coefficient 0.947 and a root mean squares error of cross validation 0.948%, which means that this model is accurate and capable of monitoring the coke amount on catalyst. Furthermore, the results of the preliminary industrial tests are considered to be promising. This work provides valuable insights into the online monitoring of coke amounts in circulating fluidized beds based on an AE technique.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346882

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8407-8419

Titre :	Pd(II) Catalyzed oxidative degradation of paracetamol by chloramine-T in acidic and alkaline media
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ajaya Kumar Singh, Auteur ; Reena Negi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8407-8419
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Chemical degradation Oxidation Oxidative degradation Catalytic reaction
Résumé :	Pd(II) catalyzed oxidation of paracetamol (PA) by sodium N-chloro p-toluenesulfonamide (chloramine-T or CAT) was studied in HClO4 and NaOH solutions at 303 K. The stoichiometry and the oxidation product in both solutions were found to be the same. The determined stoichiometric ratio was 1:2 ([PA]:[CAT]) and quinone oxime was identified as the oxidized product of PA. However, the kinetics patterns in both media were different. In the acidic medium, the rate law was ―d[CAT]/dt = k[CAT][PA]0.9[Pd(II)]0.8[H+]―0.4 and the rate law was ―d[CAT]/dt = k[CAT][PA]0.9[Pd(II)] [PTS]―0.4[NaOH]―1, in the alkaline medium. p-Toluenesulphonamide (PTS) is the reduced product of CAT. The kinetics of the reaction was studied as a function of temperature, ionic strength, concentration of the salt, concentration of the added reaction product, and dielectric constant of the medium to learn the mechanistic aspects of the reaction. A plausible mechanism is proposed, which is consistent with the kinetics, stoichiometry, and product of the reaction.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346881

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8402-8406

Titre :	Kinetic study on surface modification of ammonium polyphosphate with melamine
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Kun Cao, Auteur ; Shui-Liang Wu, Auteur ; Kai - Li Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8402-8406
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Kinetics
Résumé :	Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and melamine (MEL) are two typical components of halogen-free intumescent flame retardants. Surface modification of APP with MEL is one solution to overcome the weak water resistance and low compatibility with polymeric materials of APP, in addition to adjusting the ratio between phosphorus and nitrogen elements. This work is focused on the kinetics of the reaction between APP and MEL. The amount of ammonia released during reaction, the grafting ratio, and the grafting efficiency were determined by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. A kinetics model was developed to quantify the reaction process. The kinetic parameters were estimated from the experimental data. It was found that the apparent reaction orders with respect to APP and MEL are 1 and 2, respectively. The frequency factor and activation energy of this reaction were determined to be 9.29 x 104 s―1 and 75.9 kJ/mol. Simulation results obtained by this model fit the experimental data well.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346880

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 14 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 8389-8401

Titre :	Review of endocrine-disrupting-compound removal technologies in water and wastewater treatment plants : an EU perspective
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Teodora Basile, Auteur ; Andrea Petrella, Auteur ; Mario Petrella, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 8389-8401
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Sewage treatment plant
Résumé :	Xenobiotic persistent organic pollutants are ubiquitous in the environment (air, water, soil, biota), and this is the origin of the rising concern about their potential impact. Recent advances in chemical analysis at trace levels and a lack of knowledge about the fate and transport of reference compounds lead to a strong research demand in this area. In this context, special attention is focused on control technologies in water and wastewater involving the application of advanced technologies to minimize their environmental release. After presenting the environmental and sanitary impacts associated with the main classes of persistent xenobiotic compounds, this article focuses on endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), a class of chemicals interfering with the endocrine systems of mammals and lower animals. In the second part of this article, the basic principles of the advanced technologies used for EDC control in water and wastewater are critically discussed with specific reference to their engineering aspects.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24346879

Industrial & engineering chemistry research / Paul, Donald R. . Vol. 50 N° 14

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