Catalogue en ligne Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10380-10383

Titre :	Potential of silicon carbide-derived carbon for carbon capture
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	S. K. Bhatia, Auteur ; T. X. Nguyen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10380-10383
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Silicon carbide Carbon
Résumé :	Experiments of H2O and N2 adsorption in silicon carbide-derived carbon (SiC-CDC) are reported, showing only weak adsorption of N2, with H2O adsorption being highly kinetically restricted due to the strong hydrophobicity of this material. Such results suggest that SiC-CDC is an attractive option for adsorptive CO2, as our prior experiments have shown much more significant adsorption of this gas. This is confirmed by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, which show that in a 2-stage adsorption system the CO2 mole fraction can be increased from 15% (typical of flue gas) to 80–99.6% for the pore sizes that comprise the SiC-CDC.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201094d

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10373-10379

Titre :	Chrastil-type approach for representation of glycol loss in gaseous system
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ali Eslamimanesh, Auteur ; Amir H. Mohammadi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10373-10379
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gaseous System Glycol
Résumé :	Glycols are generally used to adjust the water dew-point in natural gas processes to avoid gas hydrate/ice/condensate formation. Their vaporization loss in gaseous systems may happen regularly in the petroleum industry. Glycols have very low solubility in the gas phase and because of difficulty of the corresponding measurement, few sets of experimental data are available in open literature and may not be fully satisfactory. In a previous work, we performed thermodynamic consistency tests in order to prepare reliable data sets for modeling purposes. Application of four widely used correlations in supercritical fluid industry, including the original Chrastil, Adachi and Lu, del Valle and Aguilera, and Mendez-Santiago and Teja, in which the effects of temperature, density of gas (solvent), and pressures on the solubility of glycol are generally taken into account, are investigated to represent the corresponding solubility of ethylene glycol and triethylene glycol in supercritical methane and carbon dioxide between 298.15 and 333.15 K and between 1.606 and 22.06 MPa. It is found that the absolute average deviations (AAD %) of the evaluated glycols solubility by the aforementioned equations from 57 investigated experimental values are around 27%, 18%, 31%, and 17%, respectively.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2009839

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10370-10372

Titre :	Solubilities of pimelic acid in ionic liquids
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hua Li, Auteur ; Juan Liu, Auteur ; Daokui Tang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10370-10372
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ionic liquid Solubility
Résumé :	The solubilities of pimelic acid in ionic liquids [EMIM][HSO4], [PMIM]Br, [i-PMIM] [HSO4], [BMIM]Br, and [BMIM] [HSO4] are determined with the suitable experimental methods and apparatus. The experimental data of solubilities are correlated with the Apelblat equation. The solubilities correlated by the model are in good agreement with experimental data.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483684

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10366-10369

Titre :	Crystallography facet-dependent antibacterial activity : the case of Cu2O
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jia Ren, Auteur ; Wenzhong Wang, Auteur ; Songmei Sun, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10366-10369
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Crystallography
Résumé :	The dependence of antibacterial activities on different crystallography facets has been demonstrated by taking Cu2O crystals as an example. Owing to the different atomic arrangement of the exposed surfaces, Cu2O octahedral crystals bounded by {111} facets exhibited higher activity in killing E. coli than cubic ones bounded by {100} facets. Zeta potential measurement demonstrated that the electrostatic interaction between E. coli and octahedral crystals was more profitable in inactivating bacteria than that between E. coli and cubic ones. Moreover, the suspending medium, where the bactericidal process takes place, has been found to play a crucial role on the bactericidal efficiency. This work presents a way for the sterilization or killing of bacteria efficiently and selectively.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2005466

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10359-10365

Titre :	Analysis of the princen and kiss equation to model the storage modulus of highly concentrated emulsions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Emilio Paruta-Tuarez, Auteur ; Philippe Marchal, Auteur ; Veronique Sadtler, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10359-10365
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Emulsion Storage Modeling
Résumé :	The universality of the model proposed by Princen and Kiss is analyzed in the case of highly concentrated water-in-oil emulsions containing dispersed-phase volume fractions (φ) ranging from 0.89 to 0.97. Although Princen and Kiss equation has been rigorously established for a two-dimensional system and involves no adjustable parameter, the model for a tridimensional system, which is an extrapolation of the 2D model, requires the introduction of a phenomenological linear function E(φ) to account for experimental deviations. As mentioned by Princen and Kiss themselves, there is no satisfactory theoretical derivation of E(φ). Indeed, in this paper we point out that the linear dependence in φ of E(φ) is a consequence of the particular set of experimental data exploited by Princen and Kiss. Another choice of experimental data could have led to propose other mathematical functions since at very high volume fraction, some experimental data found in the literature show a more rapid increase of the storage modulus G′ with φ than predicted by Princen and Kiss equation, which tends to underestimate the values of G′. Finally, for the studied highly concentrated emulsions, the dispersed-phase volume fraction dependence of storage modulus is discussed.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483682

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10350-10358

Titre :	Predictive darken equation for maxwell-stefan diffusivities in multicomponent mixtures
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xin Liu, Auteur ; Thijs J.H. Vlugt, Auteur ; Andre Bardow, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10350-10358
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Multicomponent mixture Diffusion coefficient
Résumé :	This Article presents the derivation and validation of a rigorous model for the prediction of multicomponent Maxwell-Stefan (MS) diffusion coefficients. The MS theory provides a sound framework for modeling mass transport in gases and liquids. Unfortunately, MS diffusivities are concentration dependent, and this needs to be taken into account in practical applications. There is therefore a considerable interest in models describing the concentration dependence ofMS diffusivities. While current practice employs empirical models for this purpose, recent work on molecular simulations favor the physically based Darken equation. The Darken equation, however, is limited to binary mixtures and is not predictive. In this study, a multicomponent Darken model for MS diffusivities is derived from linear response theory and the Onsager relations. In addition, a predictive model for the required self-diffusivities in the mixture is proposed, leading to the predictive Darken-LBV model. We compare our novel model to the existing generalized Vignes equation and the generalized Darken equation using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Two systems are considered: (1) ternary and quaternary systems in which particles are interacting using the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) potential; (2) the ternary system n-hexane-cyclohexane-toluene. Our results show that, in all studied systems, the novel predictive Darken-LBV equation describes the concentration dependence better than the existing models. The physically based Darken-LBV model provides a sound and robust framework for prediction ofMS diffusion coefficients in multicomponent mixtures.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483681

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10344-10349

Titre :	Group contribution-based method for determination of solubility parameter of nonelectrolyte organic compounds
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gharagheizi, Farhad, Auteur ; Ali Eslamimanesh, Auteur ; Amir H. Mohammadi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10344-10349
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Solubility
Résumé :	The determination of the solubility parameter of organic compounds has been of much significance in the chemical industry. In this study, we propose a predictive method based on the combination of the Group Contribution strategy with the Artificial Neural Network to calculate/estimate the solubility parameter values of about 1620 nonelectrolyte organic compounds at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The chemical functional groups are obtained for various compounds categorized in 81 different chemical families. The final results indicate the following statistical parameters of the presented method: average relative deviation (ARD %) of the determined properties from existing experimental values of 1.5% and a squared correlation coefficient of 0.985. It is finally inferred that the developed model is more accurate and predictive than our previously proposed models based on the Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship algorithm, which yielded 4.6, 3.4, and 3.1 ARD % from experimental values.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483680

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10335-10343

Titre :	Coagulation/flocculation treatments for flue-gas-derived water from oxyfuel power production with CO2 capture
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sivaram Harendra, Auteur ; Danylo Oryshchyn, Auteur ; Thomas Ochs, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10335-10343
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon dioxide Production Gaseous effluent Flocculation Coagulation
Résumé :	Capturing CO2 from fossil fuel combustion provides an opportunity for tapping a significant water source that can be used as service water for a capture-ready power plant and its peripherals: more than 5% of the mass of water required for cooling-tower makeup in an oxy-fired plant employing integrated pollutant removal (IPR) for capture. Water condensed from oxycombustion flue gas by the National Energy Technology Laboratory's (NETL's) integrated pollutant removal (IPR) CO2-capture process has been analyzed for composition, and an approach for its treatment, for both in-process reuse and release, has been outlined. Experiments were performed to develop specifications for the first step (coagulation/flocculation) of this treatment approach. The results show that flocculation can remove most cations and reduce fine particulates by at least 90%. The speed of separation points to fast, in-line treatment of water for reuse within IPR, thus minimizing the water requirements for CO2 capture. In experiments, flocculation/coagulation removed few of the anions from solution. However, the remaining supernatant is amenable to reverse osmosis, crystallization, and ion-exchange processes for anion removal and cleanup of the remaining cations.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483679

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10329–10334

Titre :	Reactivation of CaO-based sorbents for CO2 capture : mechanism for the carbonation of Ca(OH)2
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	John Blamey, Auteur ; Dennis Y. Lu, Auteur ; Paul S. Fennell, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10329–10334
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Sorbents CO2
Résumé :	Calcium looping is an emerging technology for CO2 capture that uses a regenerable CaO-based sorbent. Here, a novel hydration-based reactivation strategy for spent sorbent, proposed by Industrial Research Limited of New Zealand, is investigated. They have called the process Ca(OH)2 “superheating” and suggested that Ca(OH)2 becomes more chemically stable under CO2, allowing release of steam at an elevated temperature (“superheated dehydration”). To investigate this, Ca(OH)2 powder and pellets and hydrated calcined limestone and dolomite have been heated in various different atmospheres in a thermogravimetric analyzer with a mass spectrometer performing online gas analysis of the off-gas. The “superheated dehydration” effect was observed for Ca(OH)2 pellets and hydrated calcined limestone, but not for Ca(OH)2 powder or hydrated calcined dolomite. These findings are consistent with a mechanism involving formation of an impermeable carbonate layer, which prevents H2O diffusion until rupture. The carbonate layer has a critical thickness that is not reached in the case of the Ca(OH)2 powder, but is in the case of the Ca(OH)2 pellets and hydrated calcined limestone. The network of MgO in the dolomitic particles results in CaO grains that are not large enough to accommodate the impermeable carbonate layer.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200912s

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10320-10328

Titre :	Centrifugal pump-based predictive models for kraft black liquor viscosity : an artificial neural network approach
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sunday B. Alabi, Auteur ; Chris J. Williamson, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10320-10328
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Neural network Viscosity Black liquor Forecast model Centrifugal pump
Résumé :	Previous investigators have shown that the Newtonian viscosity of black liquor (BL), a byproduct of kraft pulping process, can be estimated online from the performance parameters of an installed centrifugal pump (CP). Unfortunately, the existing models from which such estimates can be obtained lack the necessary robustness for process control applications and/or would require a substantial amount of data for periodic updates. This study developed a generalized artificial neural network (ANN)-based model which directly accounts for the effect of aging on the pump performance (hence the model). Simulation results show that ANN predicts BL viscosity better than the existing linear models as the former gives accurate and robust predictions at all practical operating points of the pump. Moreover, the ANN model requires just a single data point for its periodic recalibration as the pump ages significantly. The methodologies presented here can easily be adapted for use in any process industry where Newtonian process fluids are transferred by a CP.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483677

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10313-10319

Titre :	Diffusion of lysozyme in buffered salt solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Moriamou K. Antwi, Auteur ; Allan S. Myerson, Auteur ; Walter Zurawsky, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10313-10319
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Diffusion
Résumé :	The diaphragm cell technique was used to measure the diffusion coefficient of lysozyme in buffered solutions with and without NaCl. In the absence of salt, the pseudobinary diffusion coefficient decreases with increasing lysozyme concentration. In the presence of NaCl, the main term D11 decreased slowly with increasing NaCl concentrations and exceeded the pseudobinary values by 4-10%. The main term D22 did not vary significantly with NaCl concentration and was slightly less than the binary diffusion coefficient for NaCl. The cross-termD21 increased sharply with salt concentration. The cross-term D12 is small and decreased slowly with salt concentration. These results are consistent with the expected electrostatic interactions between lysozyme and salt in the diffusion process.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483676

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10298-10312

Titre :	Selection of liquefied natural gas (LNG) contracts for minimizing procurement cost
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Rajab Khalilpour, Auteur ; Iftekhar A. Karimi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10298-10312
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Liquefied natural gas
Résumé :	Recent increases in energy prices, the rise in natural gas demand due to the concerns over CO2 emissions and a possible carbon tax, the development of low-cost and high-capacity liquefied natural gas (LNG) value chain, the emergence of new suppliers with large gas reserves, the flow of uncommitted LNG capacity to the market, and the disappearance of conventional clauses such as destination are stimulating global LNG trade. Moreover, natural gas liberalization is resulting in the emergence of new buyers with variable demands, which is increasing the competitiveness and dynamicity of the LNG market. The LNG contracts are thus diversifying in price formulations, flexibility, duration, quality, quantity, commitment, discount, and other terms and conditions. Finding a combination of contracts and suppliers, which trades offvarious cost factors in an optimal manner, is becoming more and more challenging, where systematic optimization-based approaches can be very useful. In this study, we address contract selection from the perspective of an LNG buyer company. We develop a mixed-integer linear programming formalism that helps the buyer select the best combination of suppliers and contracts in an integrated manner that addresses various aspects, such as contract timings and lengths, demands, price formulations, volume discounts, delivery terms, shipment costs, purchase commitments, etc. We minimize the sum of purchase and transport costs, and we illustrate our approach using three examples with diverse and realistic features.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483675

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10292-10297

Titre :	Effect of potassium acetate on coke growth during light naphtha thermal cracking
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Wang Zhiyuan, Auteur ; Xu Hong, Auteur ; Luan Xiaojian, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10292-10297
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thermal cracking
Résumé :	Potassium acetate was used as a coking inhibitor to reduce coking during light naphtha cracking on a Cr25Ni35 alloy specimen that had already been used for 8 years. The effects of the mass concentration of potassium acetate on the morphology and structure of coke were investigated by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the oxide scale formed on the inner surface of the cracking tube after 8 years of service is mainly composed of (Fe, Ni, Cr) spinels and the needlelike intermetallic compound of Cr and Fe. Changes of the surface conditions accelerate catalytic coking. The amount of coke decreases with increasing mass concentration of potassium acetate in a 1-h cracking period. The amount of coke was found to decrease by about 60% when the mass concentration was 400 ppm. The diameters of filamentous coke were about 100, 60, 45, and 35 nm when the mass concentrations of potassium acetate were 0, 100, 200, and 400 ppm, respectively. However, the gasification reaction was found to have little effect on the length of catalytic coke. The gasification reaction catalyzed by potassium acetate removes the noncatalytic coke surrounding the filamentous coke, and filamentous cokes at different concentrations are carbon nanofibers with a solid structure. Coke is mainly composed of amorphous carbon.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483674

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10283-10291

Titre :	A study on estimating flammability limits in oxygen
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Chan-Cheng Chen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10283-10291
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Flammability limit
Résumé :	In many process units, for example, chemical reactors, flammable gases are operated with pure oxygen, and the data of flammability limits in oxygen are crucial to persons who operate such units. Although the data of flammability limits in oxygen are desirable, there is a significant gap between the demand for such data and their availability. In this regard, an effective method for estimating flammability limits in oxygen is indispensible. In this article, formulations based on a thermodynamic approach are proposed to estimate both the upper flammability limit (UFL) and lower flammability limit (LFL) of pure flammable gases in oxygen at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The proposed formulations are applicable for flammable gases under constant-pressure combustion. These formulations were then examined by an experimental data set of 21 flammable gases. For these investigated gases, average predictive errors are found to be of 4.94% and 6.67% for predicting LFL and UFL in oxygen, respectively. It is also elucidated that for a flammable gas, which tends to decompose or gives rise to a cool flame, the proposed method may result in larger predictive errors because under such conditions the combustion process should be better explained by the chain theory instead of the thermal theory; it is also shown that if the adiabatic flame temperature is higher than 1850 K, the proposed method also may result in larger predictive errors because of the dissociation of burnt products.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483673

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10278-10282

Titre :	Study on extraction asphaltenes from direct coal liquefaction residue with ionic liquids
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yi Nie, Auteur ; Lu Bai, Auteur ; Yi Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10278-10282
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ionic liquid Liquefaction Coal
Résumé :	Direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) contains about 25% asphaltenes which are proved to be important precursors for preparing high value-added carbon materials. In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) were used as potential solvents to extract asphaltenes from DCLR, and a series of dialkylphosphate ILs, i.e., imidazolium-based, pyridinium-based, and ammonium-based, were synthesized and used to extract asphaltenes from DCLR. The influences of extractive time, extractive temperature, and mass ratio of ILs to DCLR on extraction efficiency of asphaltenes were investigated and the optimized conditions were determined. In order to understand the mechanism of extraction asphaltenes with ILs, the extracts were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 13CNMR, and so on. The results show that it is feasible to extract asphaltenes from DCLR with dialkylphosphate ILs. The structure and size of anion and cation of ILs probably are the main factors that influence the extraction yield and the physicochemical characteristics of extracted asphaltenes, such as atomic ratio of H/C, the structure and aromatic duster size, and so on.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483672

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10270-10277

Titre :	Preparation of novel emulsion gel adsorbents and their adsorption properties for heavy-metal ions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hideaki Tokuyama, Auteur ; Takuro Yoshida, Auteur ; Liangliang He, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10270-10277
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Metal ion Heavy metal Adsorption Emulsion Preparation
Résumé :	Novel emulsion gel adsorbents were developed for metal adsorption. Poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate] [poly(PEGMEA)] was used as a nonionic hydrophilic polymer, and 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ether (EHPNA) was used as an organophosphorus extractant for rare metal ions. Poly(PEGMEA) hydrogel containing randomly distributed oil microdroplets of EHPNA were prepared by the emulsion-gelation method using oil-in-water emulsions under various monomer concentrations, oil volume fractions, and surfactant concentrations. The emulsion gel successfully adsorbed In(III) ions used as a representative metal. Mutual separation of In(III) and Zn(II) ions and repeated adsorption were successful because of the pH dependence of the metal-extractant complexation. The emulsion gel has a higher degree of compressive deformation and abrasion resistance than a conventional (nonemulsion) hydrogel and shows potential for use in practical separations.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483671

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10259-10269

Titre :	Sr2+–SAPO-34 prepared via coupled partial detemplation and solid state ion exchange : effect on textural properties and carbon dioxide adsorption
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ana G. Arevalo-Hidalgo, Auteur ; Noelia E. Almodovar-Arbelo, Auteur ; Arturo J. Hernandez-Maldonado, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10259-10269
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption Carbon dioxide Ion exchange
Résumé :	Sr2+-SAPO-34 materials were prepared via solid-state ion exchange (SSIE) to improve their CO2 adsorptive properties, particularly at low partial pressure, and study the effect of the ion exchange treatments on the structural and textural properties of the materials. In the past, these materials have been prepared with traditional liquid-state ion exchange (LSIE) methods yielding a strontium(II) content of about one cation per unit cell, well below the theoretical maximum and probably due to aqueous phase equilibrium constraints. Characterization of the SSIE materials included coupled thermal gravimetric analyses/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA/FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDAX), surface area, and pure component CO2 equilibrium adsorption. Coupled TGA/FT-IR studies were used for the selection of the SSIE temperature for both NH4+-SAPO-34 and as-synthesized Na+-SAPO-34 starting materials. In general, the results indicated that temperatures well above the Tammann point are necessary to achieve acceptable strontium(II) loadings via SSIE while minimizing the loss of effective surface area due to pore dogging with unexchanged SrCl2. Furthermore, in situ partial detemplation (PD) of the as-synthesized material during SSIE avoided the formation of excess proton (acid) sites and allowed further loading of strontium(II) onto sites suitable for interaction with CO2. In order to increase the strontium(II) loading per unit cell, a combined PD/SSIE/LSIE strategy was used to remove some of the remaining tenacious sodium(I) cations remaining after SSIE. This approach resulted in materials with a loading of nearly two strontium cations per unit cell and, as a result, improved the overall CO2 adsorption performance of the materials in a remarkable fashion.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483670

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10253-10258

Titre :	Adsorption behavior of thiophene from aqueous solution on carbonate- and dodecylsulfate intercalated ZnAl layered double hydroxides
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Qiang Zhao, Auteur ; Zheng Chang, Auteur ; Xiaodong Lei, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10253-10258
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Aqueous solution Adsorption
Résumé :	Enhancing the capacity and selectivity of adsorbent materials was critical for removing the sulfur-containing pollutants from industrial effluents and fuels. CO32- and dodecylsulfate intercalated ZnAl layered double hydroxides (denoted as CO3-LDH and DDS-LDH, respectively) were used as functional adsorbents for thiophene removal, and they show better absorption properties. The adsorption behavior of thiophene on them was significantly different. The first difference focused on pH dependence. The adsorption behavior onto CO3-LDH was obviously influenced by initial pH; the removal percentage of thiophene reached a maximum value at pH ~7. However, the adsorption capacity of DDS-LDH was influenced indistinctively by initial pH and the removal percentage of thiophene was practically constant at various pH. The second difference was the effect of initial thiophene concentration. As the thiophene concentration increased, the curve of adsorption capacity became S-type onto CO3-LDH but linear onto DDS-LDH, indicating two different adsorption processes. The adsorption behavior for DDS-LDH was proposed by the dissolution of thiophene in a three-dimensional hydrophobic interlayer region (i.e., adsolubilization), induced by the intercalated DDS, rather than a simple surface adsorption. The results suggested that DDS-LDH could be applied as a potential adsorbent for thiophene removal in a wide range of pH.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483669

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10246-10252

Titre :	Preparation and characterization of silane coupling agent modified halloysite for Cr(VI) removal
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Peng Luo, Auteur ; Jiang-shan Zhang, Auteur ; Bing Zhang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10246-10252
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Coupling agent Preparation
Résumé :	Natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were modified with a silane coupling agent, N-β-aminoethyl-γ-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (KH-792), to form a new adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal. The as-prepared product was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, TEM, and specific surface analysis. The results showed that KH-792 was successfully grafted onto the halloysite surface. Modified HNTs exhibited a rapid adsorption rate for Cr(VI) and approached 95% of the maximum adsorption capacity within 5 min. The effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, temperature, pH, and ionic strength on the adsorption capacity were investigated in batch experiments. The results showed that low temperature was favorable to improve adsorption efficiency, and the adsorption capacity decreased significantly with the increase of pH and ionic strength. The optimum pH was found to be 3-5. The main adsorption mechanism was considered to be electrostatic interaction between protonated amino groups on the adsorbent surface and negatively charged Cr(VI). The results above confirmed that modified HNTs had the potential to be utilized as a low-cost and relatively effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483668

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10229-10245

Titre :	Model to simulate the structure of a crystal pillar and optimize the separation efficiency in melt crystallization by fractal theory and technique
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xiaobin Jiang, Auteur ; Baohong Hou, Auteur ; Jingkang Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10229-10245
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Fractal Melt crystallization Modeling
Résumé :	In this paper, an existing fractal porous media model was applied to simulate the structure of the crystal pillar formed in melt crystallization for electronic grade phosphoric acid (EGPA) preparation. The model was modified to meet the crystallization process; the structure parameter of the crystal pillar could be obtained by inspecting the seeping process and measuring the solid-liquid phase equilibrium condition. A characterized factor ϕ with realistic significance was introduced to modify the model, too. The simulation results met the experiment data well. An optimized operation curve was developed to obtain ultrapure EGPA product with higher separation efficiency. An optimized operation was proposed in this paper. Simulating the optimized operation with the model established above, we still obtained a satisfactory result. So the optimized experiment verified the stability and reliability of this model. This model can evaluate the separation effect which is vital to industrial crystal product manufacturing by anticipating the effective porosity of a crystal pillar.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483667

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10222-10228

Titre :	Cyclic CO2 capture behavior of limestone modified with pyroligneous acid (PA) during calcium looping cycles
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yingjie Li, Auteur ; Rongyue Sun, Auteur ; Hongling Liu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10222-10228
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon dioxide
Résumé :	In this work, pyroligneous acid (PA) was used to modify limestone, and the CO2 capture capacity in calcination/ carbonation cycles was consequently strengthened. The cyclic CO2 capture behavior of PA-modified limestone was investigated in a thermogravimetric analyzer and a dual fixed-bed reactor. The main component of the PA-modified limestone was found to be calcium acetate hydrate. The optimum ratio of PA to limestone was found to be 20 mL/g. The PA-modified limestone was found to retain a higher CO2 capture capacity for carbonation at 700 °C. The carbonation conversion ofthe PA-modified limestone achieved 0.33 after 103 cycles, whereas, for the original sorbent, the conversion was just 0.078 under the same reaction conditions. The modification of limestone increased the surface area and pore volume of the calcined material during cycles. Furthermore, the calcined form of the modified limestone had more pores in the ranges of 1.8-4.6 and 18-155 nm, and as a result, its surface area and pore volume were both expanded.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483666

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10211-10221

Titre :	Adsorption measurements of nitrogen and methane in hydrogen-rich mixtures at high pressures
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Moises Bastos-Neto, Auteur ; Andreas Moeller, Auteur ; Reiner Staudt, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10211-10221
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption
Résumé :	The separation of nitrogen and methane from hydrogen-rich mixtures is systematically investigated on a recently developed binder-free zeolite 5A. For this adsorbent, the present work provides a series of experimental data on adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves of nitrogen and methane, as well as their mixtures in hydrogen. Isotherms were measured at temperatures of 283—313 K and pressures of up to 1.0 MPa. Breakthrough curves of CH4, N2, and CH4/N2 in H2 were obtained at temperatures of 300-305 K and pressures ranging from 0.1 to 6.05 MPa with different feed concentrations. An LDF-based model was developed to predict breakthrough curves using measured and calculated data as inputs. The number of parameters and the use of correlations were restricted to focus on the importance of measured values. For the given assumptions, the results show that the model predictions agree satisfactorily with the experiments under the different operating conditions applied.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483665

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10201-10210

Titre :	Effective adsorption equilibrium isotherms and breakthroughs of water vapor and carbon dioxide on different adsorbents
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Daniel Ferreira, Auteur ; Roberto Magalhaes, Auteur ; Pedro Taveira, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10201-10210
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon dioxide Water vapor Adsorption
Résumé :	Pretreatment stage is usually a requirement for any adsorption based air separation process. Carbon dioxide and water vapor present in the atmosphere act as contaminants, deactivating adsorbents, particularly zeolites used in oxygen pressure swing adsorption processes. Such systems usually present one or more prelayers to ensure full removal of these two contaminants, protecting the oxygen/nitrogen selective layer. In the present study, two 13X-type zeolites-one activated alumina and one highly pure silica-are compared in terms of capacity for water vapor and carbon dioxide removal from air. Water and carbon dioxide adsorb irreversibly on these adsorbents up to a certain extension and then effective adsorption isotherms and breakthroughs curves were obtained. The effective properties were attained after three cycles under close to vacuum pressure swing adsorption conditions. A combination of two layers for the precolumns is suggested: the first, composed by either silica or alumina to remove most of the water without significant loss of cyclic adsorption capacity, and a second, composed by zeolite, to reduce the amount of water and carbon dioxide down to parts per million (ppm) levels. These should prevent contamination and consequent loss of efficiency in the nitrogen/oxygen selective layer.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483664

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011)

Titre :	Advanced oxidation and electrooxidation as tertiary treatment techniques to improve the purity of tannery wastewater
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	P. Vijayalakshmi, Auteur ; G. Bhaskar Raju, Auteur ; A. Gnanamani, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Electrooxidation Tannery Wastewater
Résumé :	The option of electro-oxidation and advanced oxidation as tertiary treatment technique for the purification of tannery wastewater was explored. The TOC removal of 85% was achieved by UV/O3/H2O2 process, whereas it is hardly 50% by electr-ooxidation. However the power consumption to remove unit mass of TOC by electro-oxidation process was estimated to be 738 kW h/kg, which is ten times less than that of 7600 kW h/kg, required for advanced oxidation process. The kinetic data indicated that the degradation of organics by electro-oxidation is a current control process. To minimize the power consumption, we attempted a two-stage process involving electro-oxidation in the first stage and advanced oxidation in the second stage. The results indicated that the TOC removal by advanced oxidation became sluggish, when the wastewater was processed initially by electro-oxidation. However, the effluents processed by EO were found to be completely disinfected.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201039z

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10185-10193

Titre :	Composite catalytic-permselective membranes : a strategy for enhancing selectivity and permeation rates via reaction and diffusion
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Benjamin A. Wilhite, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10185-10193
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Diffusion Permeation Catalytic reaction Composite material
Résumé :	This manuscript presents a new strategy for enhancing permselective films via the addition of a porous, catalytically active layer in a composite catalytic-permselective membrane design. A general mathematical analysis of reaction and diffusion within the catalytic layer is presented in order to establish design criteria. Numerical simulations are presented for the case of the water-gas-shift reaction supporting hydrogen purification, to demonstrate the advantages of the composite catalytic-permselective design concept. For the case of a water-gas-shift catalytic coating placed atop a hydrogen-permselective dense palladium film, an 84% reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is predicted, along with a mild (8%) increase in the overall hydrogen permeation rate; this reduction in carbon monoxide contamination of the palladium surface represents a significant improvement in palladium film utilization. For the case of the same catalytic coating placed atop a carbon dioxide (CO2)-permselective polymer film, CO2-CO permselectivities are increased by two orders of magnitude.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483662

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10176-10184

Titre :	Computer simulation of fatty acid esterification in reactive distillation columns
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Guilherme Duenhas Machado, Auteur ; Donato A. G. Aranda, Auteur ; Marcelo Castier, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10176-10184
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Distillation column Distillation with reaction Esterification Numerical simulation Computer simulation
Résumé :	This work presents computational steady-state simulations of fatty acid esters (biodiesel) production in a reactive distillation column. Reaction rates were considered explicitly in the model of each stage. The procedures and formulation used here were initially validated by comparison of simulations results obtained in this work with data available in the literature. Two new cases for fatty acid esters (biodiesel) production are simulated. In both of them, conversions close to 99% are possible with the proper choice of operating conditions, as shown by sensitivity analyses. The simulations results obtained here can be useful for the proper design of processes that use reactive distillation columns for biodiesel production.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483661

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10168-10175

Titre :	Mass transfer coefficients for CO2 absorption into aqueous ammonia solution using a packed column
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Qing Zeng, Auteur ; Yincheng Guo, Auteur ; Zhenqi Niu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10168-10175
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Packed column Gas absorption Carbon dioxide Mass transfer Mass transfer coefficient
Résumé :	The absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous ammonia solution using a packed column was investigated. The volumetric overall mass transfer coefficients (KGaV) for CO2 absorption into aqueous ammonia solutions were evaluated over ranges of main operating variables, that is, up to 15 kpa partial pressure of CO2, 61-214 m3/(m2·h) gas flow rate, 0.76—3.06 m3/(m2·h) liquid flow rate, 2%~16% ammonia mass fraction, and 20-50 °C temperature. An empirical KGaV correlation for this system was proposed. Experimental results show that the mass transfer process in CO2 absorption into aqueous ammonia solution is mainly controlled by the resistance in the liquid phase and the ammonia concentration has a great effect on the overall mass transfer coefficient.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483660

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10158-10167

Titre :	Liquid–liquid equilibrium calculation for ternary aqueous mixtures of ethanol and acetic acid with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol using the GMDH-type neural network
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	H. Ghanadzadeh, Auteur ; S. Fallahi, Auteur ; M. Ganji, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10158-10167
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Neural network Phase equilibrium Liquid liquid equilibrium
Résumé :	A GMDH-type neural network was used to calculate liquid phase equilibrium data for the (water + ethanol or acetic acid + 2-ethyl-1-hexanol) ternary systems in the temperature range of 298.2-313.2 K. Using this method, a new model was proposed that is suitable for predicting the liquid—liquid equilibrium data. The proposed model was "trained" before the requested calculation. The data set was divided into two parts: 70% were used as data for "training" and 30% were used as a test set, which were randomly extracted from the database. After the training on the input—output process, the predicted values were compared with experimental values to evaluate the performance of the group method of data handling neural network method.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483659

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10148-10157

Titre :	Model building methodology for multiphase reaction systems
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Rameshwar Hiwale, Auteur ; Sungwon Hwang, Auteur ; Robin Smith, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10148-10157
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Modeling
Résumé :	A new approach to reactor model building for two-phase absorption processes is developed by considering simultaneously mass and heat transfer phenomena, and chemical reaction mechanism and kinetics. In particular, the interaction of mass and heat transfer with chemical reaction over the reactor design is considered to improve the accuracy of the simulation results. A novel methodology is applied to identify suitable reaction mechanisms and kinetics based on limited experimental data. This methodology allows the engineer to develop feasible reaction mechanisms in a systematic approach. Importantly, the required scope for any further lab experiments is identified, especially when the modeling needs further clarification for the reaction kinetics or mechanisms. In this way, a more robust reactor design can be achieved by making full use of experimental information, saving unnecessary laboratory and pilot plant experiments. For a case study, chlorine absorption to oleic acid is applied to the modeling of a laminar jet absorber.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483658

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10136-10147

Titre :	Design and control of a modified vinyl acetate monomer process
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	William L. Luyben, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10136-10147
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Design
Résumé :	The vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) process presents several challenging design problems because of the many design optimization variables and several important constraints. The process features a cooled tubular reactor, both gas and liquid recycle streams, two absorbers, and two distillation columns, one involving heterogeneous azeotropic distillation. The major design variables are reactor temperature, reactor size, reactor pressure, ethylene gas recycle and acetic acid liquid recycle. The major constraints are a maximum oxygen flammability limit, a maximum internal reactor temperature limit, and the need to stay above dewpoint temperatures in the reactor. This paper develops an economic optimum flowsheet based on the conditions and parameters provided by M. L. Luyben and B. D. Tyreus over a decade ago as a challenge problem for the academic community for design and control studies (Comput. Chem. Eng. 1998, 22, 867-877). The conceptual design developed produces 18% more VAM product for the same oxygen fresh feed flow rate used in the original design. Compared to the original nonoptimized design, the modified design has a reactor that is twice as large with reactor inlet conditions showing lower oxygen concentrations and higher acetic acid concentrations. Operating pressure is lower, liquid acetic acid recycle is larger, and gas ethylene recycle is smaller. A plantwide control scheme that provides effective disturbance rejection and is significantly different than the structure used in the original design is developed.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483657

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10128-10135

Titre :	Exergy recuperative CO2 gas separation in post-combustion capture
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Akira Kishimoto, Auteur ; Yasuki Kansha, Auteur ; Chihiro Fushimi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10128-10135
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Combustion Carbon dioxide
Résumé :	Exergy recuperation is applied to CO2 gas separation processes with chemical absorption for post-combustion capture. The heat of the exothermic absorption reaction in the absorber and the heat of steam condensation in the condenser of the stripper are recuperated and circulated to reuse for regeneration of solution and vaporization of water under CO2 stripping using exergy recuperation technology. We evaluated the amount of energy consumption of the exergy recuperative process in comparison with the conventional CO2 gas separation process by using a commercial process simulator (PRO/II, Invensys). The simulation results show that the energy consumption of the exergy recuperative CO2 gas separation process can be decreased to 30% of that of the conventional self-heat recovery process.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483656

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10102-10127

Titre :	Life cycle optimization of biomass-to-liquid supply chains with distributed–centralized processing networks
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Fengqi You, Auteur ; Belinda Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10102-10127
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Biomass Optimization Life cycle (environment)
Résumé :	This paper addresses the optimal design and planning of biomass-to-liquids (BTL) supply chains under economic and environmental criteria. The supply chain consists of multisite distributed-centralized processing networks for biomass conversion and liquid transportation fuel production. The economic objective is measured by the total annualized cost, and the measure of environmental performance is the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. A multiobjective, multiperiod, mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed that takes into account diverse conversion pathways and technologies, feedstock seasonality, geographical diversity, biomass degradation, infrastructure compatibility, demand distribution, and government incentives. The model simultaneously predicts the optimal network design, facility location, technology selection, capital investment, production planning, inventory control, and logistics management decisions. The problem is formulated as a bicriterion optimization model and solved with the ε-constraint method. The resulting Pareto-optimal curve reveals how the optimal annualized cost and the BTL processing network structure change with different environmental performances of the supply chain. The proposed approach is illustrated through a county-level case study for the state of Iowa.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483655

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10093-10101

Titre :	Application of balanced truncation to nonlinear systems
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ivan Dones, Auteur ; Sigurd Skogestad, Auteur ; Heinz A. Preisig, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10093-10101
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Non linear system
Résumé :	The balanced truncation method for reducing the size of a model was originally developed for linear systems. When extended to nonlinear systems, some considerations must be faced. First of all, the calculation of the balancing transformation matrix is not unique. This may results in nonphysical values for the reconstructed states, which may lead to failure, for example, in thermodynamic routines. To reduce this problem, it is recommended to include all the states in the balancing outputs. To further reduce the effect of nonlinearties in the original model, it is recommended to use a linearizing static transformation of the states, if available. In this paper, distillation column models are used as a case study, and, in this case, a logarithmic transformation of the compositions is beneficial.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483654

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10083–10092

Titre :	Economic analysis of integrated continuous and batch pharmaceutical manufacturing : a case study
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Spencer D. Schaber, Auteur ; Dimitrios I. Gerogiorgis, Auteur ; Rohit Ramachandran, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10083–10092
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Pharmaceutical manufacturing
Résumé :	The capital, operating, and overall costs of a dedicated continuous manufacturing process to synthesize an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and formulate it into tablets are estimated for a production scale of 2000 t of tablets per year, with raw material cost, production yield, and API loading varied over broad ranges. Costs are compared to batch production in a dedicated facility. Synthesis begins with a key organic intermediate three synthetic steps before the final API; results are given for key intermediate (KI) costs of $100 to $3000/kg, with drug loadings in the tablet of 10 and 50 wt %. The novel continuous process described here is being developed by an interdisciplinary team of 20 researchers. Since yields are not yet well-known, and continuous processes typically have better yields than batch ones, the overall yields of the continuous processes with recycling were set equal to that of the batch process. Without recycling, yields are 10% lower, but less equipment is required. The continuous process has not been built at large scale, so Wroth factors and other assumptions were used to estimate costs. Capital expenditures for continuous production were estimated to be 20 to 76% lower, depending on the drug loading, KI cost, and process chosen; operating expenditures were estimated to be between 40% lower and 9% higher. The novel continuous process with recycling coupled to a novel direct tablet formation process yields the best overall cost savings in each drug loading/KI price scenario: estimated savings range from 9 to 40%. Overall cost savings are also given assuming the yield in the continuous case is 10% above and 10% below that of the batch process. Even when yields in the continuous case are lower than in the batch case, savings can still be achieved because the labor, materials handling, CapEx, and other savings compensate.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2006752

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10074-10082

Titre :	Sugar decolorization through selective adsorption onto functionalized accurel hydrophobic polymeric support
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Kaman Singh, Auteur ; Ram Bharose, Auteur ; Vimalesh Kumar Singh, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10074-10082
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption Discoloration
Résumé :	The functionalized polypropylene-based hydrophobic Accurel products were probed for their use in sugar decolorization. The pore distribution of Accurel products falls between the macroporous and mesoporous domains. Their specific surface areas are typically in the range SBET = 20-35 m2/g. Commercial decolorizing activated charcoal and ion-exchange resin (Indion 803-S) were chosen for comparison with the Accurel products. The adsorption capacities of the characterized adsorbents were found to be comparable to those of adsorbents currently used for sugar refining. Geometrical optimization was performed at the density functional theory (DFT) level to gain insight into the mode of interaction between the quaternary ammonium cation containing methyl groups attached to the nitrogen center. The alkyl chain can be assumed as the bulky surface on which the quaternary ammonium nitrogen was attached. The electrostatic potential surface of the ammonium cation indicates that methyl groups are bulky enough to resist the attack of the carboxylate anion of the phenolics on the nitrogen center. However, there are possibilities for hydrophobic interactions between the methyl functional group and phenolic acids. Urea, a hydrogen-bond breaker, reduced the decolorizing efficiency, suggesting hydrophobic adsorption. In this article, we describe a new sugar decolorization process for application in sugar refineries. It is our view that the information contained herein will be useful for designing sugar decolorization units.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483652

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10062–10073

Titre :	Integrated framework of probabilistic signed digraph based fault diagnosis approach to a gas fractionation unit
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ning Lu, Auteur ; Zhihua Xiong, Auteur ; Xiong Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10062–10073
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Probabilistic signed digraph Gas fractionation unit
Résumé :	An integrated implementation solution and theoretical framework of fault diagnosis approach based on probabilistic signed digraph (PSDG) is proposed and applied to a gas fractionation unit. On the basis of the primary method of PSDG presented in our previous work, a complete framework of PSDG is constructed, including its definition and reasoning to its implementation. Nodes and branches in PSDG contain uncertain information and their a priori conditional probabilistic parameters are decided by using little knowledge of the studied plant; thus, a PSDG model can be built properly. After cycle processing and model simplification, PSDG reasoning can be conducted approximately on the basis of consistent rule. In implementation of PSDG, the probabilities of candidate faults can be computed and arranged, and the most possible fault is found. Therefore the real fault cause can be further confirmed reasonably. Compared with the conventional qualitative SDG, the qualitative ambiguities in PSDG can be reduced to some extent. The proposed method is applied to a gas fractionation unit, and experimental results on real operation data show the validity and advantages of the PSDG framework.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200016t

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10047–10061

Titre :	Integrated differential evolution for global optimization and its performance for modeling vapor–liquid equilibrium data
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Haibo Zhang, Auteur ; G.P. Rangaiah, Auteur ; Adrian Bonilla-Petriciolet, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10047–10061
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Optimization Vapor liquid
Résumé :	Parameter estimation in thermodynamic models has been of great interest in chemical engineering because of its complex nature, including nonlinearity, flat objective function in the neighborhood of the global optimum, badly scaled model, and nondifferential term(s) in the equations. In this article, a stochastic global optimization algorithm called integrated differential evolution (IDE) is introduced to solve the parameter estimation problems for modeling vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data. In IDE, the choice of mutation strategy and associated parameters are adapted according to the learning experience from previous generations. The tabu list used in IDE can avoid revisiting the same area and avoid unnecessary function evaluations. A novel and effective stopping criterion based on the number of rejected points during the generation of a trial vector is tested and compared with other criteria. Furthermore, IDE uses a local optimizer after the global search to find the optimum accurately and efficiently. The performance of IDE for benchmark functions and VLE modeling is compared with that of other stochastic algorithms such as DE, DE with tabu list, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, and the deterministic algorithm Branch and Reduce Optimization Navigator (BARON). IDE is shown to be better than or comparable to these algorithms for parameter estimation in modeling VLE data.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200819p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10041–10046

Titre :	Role of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria serratia marcescens ACE2 and bacillus cereus ACE4 on corrosion of carbon steel API 5LX
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Aruliah Rajasekar, Auteur ; Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, Auteur ; Joshua VM Kuma, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10041–10046
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Corrosion Carbon Steel
Résumé :	This paper reports the microbiologically induced corrosion (MIC) and electrochemical behavior of carbon steel (API 5LX) in the presence of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria Bacillus cereus ACE4 (a Gram-positive bacterium) and Serratia marcescens ACE2 (a Gram-negative bacterium). Weight loss studies and metallographic analysis of the metal API 5LX exposed to a simulated corrosive environment showed that the bacterium ACE4 caused severe pitting corrosion than that of bacterium ACE2. As part of biodegradation studies, the impact of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) on diesel degradation was investigated along with reduction of total hydrocarbons. It was clearly observed that, during the biodegradation experiment in the presence of B. cereus ACE4, the content of the total hydrocarbons decreased significantly due to their metabolism induced by AHH enzymes when compared to S. marcescens ACE2. Degraded petroleum hydrocarbons (diesel) act as a good nutrient for bacteria, which in turn increases the proliferation of bacteria on the steel and determines the nature of corrosion. Metal oxides such as MnO2 and Fe2O3 were found as part of the corrosion products, indicating that the ACE4 bacterium is capable of converting the elements on the carbon steel (API 5LX) to their metal oxides and thus accelerating severe pitting corrosion on the surface of the pipeline networks. Overall, the study provides an insight into the microbiologically influenced corrosion of carbon steel API 5LX by two hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in diesel fuel/water mixtures.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200709q

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10036-10040

Titre :	One-Pot Synthesis of Ethanolamine-Modified Mesoporous Silica
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pezhman Zarabadi-Poor, Auteur ; Alireza Badiei, Auteur ; Bradley D. Fahlman, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10036-10040
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Mesoporous silica
Résumé :	This work represents the first precedent for the one-pot synthesis of ethanolamine-modified mesoporous silica. The resultant material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and BET/BJH surface area/porosity measurements. The successful incorporation of ethanolamine moieties in the structure of mesoporous silica was confirmed by its subsequent reaction with phenyl isocyanate. The observed morphology of this surface-functionalized mesoporous silica is significantly different from that of postmodified SBA-15 and also features a greater porosity.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200374r

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10029-10035

Titre :	Surface patterning with chemisorbed chemical cues for advancing neurochip applications
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gerardo A. Diaz-Quijada, Auteur ; Christy Maynard, Auteur ; Tanya Comas, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10029-10035
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Chemical cues Neurochip applications
Résumé :	We are currently developing multisite planar patch-clamp chips capable of recording high resolution electrophysiological function from individual neurons established in culture. This capability provides a unique opportunity to establish and study communication between synaptically connected neurons on-chip at the level of ion channel function. Critical to realizing this goal for mammalian cell applications are chip surface functionalization strategies that will promote attraction and adhesion of cells to on-chip interrogation features as well as facilitate in the guidance of connectivity between neurons. Here, a chemical strategy is presented that has been adapted to be compatible with standard photolithography techniques for chemical patterning of amine rich cell adhesion promoters on silicon-based surfaces. This chemisorption approach will not only enable electrophysiological studies of neuronal networks but also allow patterning of small peptides such the ones containing the RGD motif, known to induce cell adhesion via molecular recognition of integrin receptors on cell membranes and also stimulate other important biological processes.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200358q

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10024-10028

Titre :	Effect of composition on dehydrogenation of mesoporous silica/ammonia borane nanocomposites
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yu Zhao, Auteur ; Junshe Zhang, Auteur ; Daniel L. Akins, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10024-10028
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Nanocomposite Dehydrogenation
Résumé :	This paper discusses the dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and MCM-41/AB nanocomposites in which the loading level of AB (i.e., the mass ratio of AB to mesoporous silica) varies from 0.11 to 2.36. The dehydrogenation temperatures shift to low temperatures with decreasing loading levels. At loading levels of 0.11 and 0.15, only one dehydrogenation step is observed at temperatures less than 200 °C. Our results also show that 12.6 wt % of hydrogen in the incorporated AB is liberated from the nanocomposite at a loading level of 0.15 in 1 h at 89.5 °C. We deduce that AB confined within the mesopores is amorphous, while AB outside of the channels has a tetragonal structure. Furthermore, we deduce that at relative low loading levels AB coats the inner surface of mesoporous silica as a monolayer.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483646

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10017-10023

Titre :	Comparison of different methods for the point of zero charge determination of NiO
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Tahira Mahmood, Auteur ; Muhammad Tahir Saddique, Auteur ; Abdul Naeem, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10017-10023
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Determination of NiO
Résumé :	Four methods, fast titration, salt addition, mass titration, and ζ potentiometry, were employed to determine the point of zero charge (PZC) and isoelectric point (IEP) of NiO. However, this work mainly focuses on the fast titration method because it limits the release of Ni from the substrate. Furthermore, the fast titration is simple, rapid, and accurate and requires a small quantity of substrate as compared to the salt addition and mass titration techniques. The similarity between the PZC and IEP values rules out the specific adsorption of the bulk electrolyte onto the NiO surface. However, the PZC values shift downward with the increase in Cd ion concentration, which indicates the specific adsorption of Cd onto the NiO. In addition, temperature has a mild effect on the deprotonation constants and PZC of NiO. It was also observed that the thermodynamic parameters favor the deprotonation of NiO.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200271d

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 10006-10016

Titre :	Preparation of poly(p-dioxanone)/sepiolite nanocomposites with excellent strength/toughness balance via surface-initiated polymerization
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhi-Cheng Qiu, Auteur ; Jing-Jing Zhang, Auteur ; Ying Niu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10006-10016
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Polymerization Strength Nanocomposite Preparation
Résumé :	Novel nanocomposites based on aliphatic poly( ester-ether) [poly(p-dioxanone), PPDO] and fibrous clay (sepiolite) were successfully prepared by surface-initiated polymerization ofp-dioxanone (PDO) in the presence of organo-modified sepiolite (OSEP). The existence of OSEP-grafted PPDO in nanocomposites, generated via surface-initiated polymerization from the hydroxyl group-abundant OSEP surface, greatly contributes to improving the performance of these nanocomposites. The dispersion uniformity of OSEP nanofibers in PPDO matrix was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. Crystallization rate increased with increasing OSEP loading. Surprisingly, only OSEP nanofibers bundles acted as heterogeneous nucleating agents during the latter stage of PPDO crystallization. The incorporation of OSEP significantly enhanced the modulus and viscosity of nanocomposites, whereas nanocomposites still presented liquid-like behavior as neat PPDO. The exciting aspect of this research is that nanocomposites were reinforced and toughened by the addition of OSEP nanofibers.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483644

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9998-10005

Titre :	Poly(vinyl alcohol)/ammonium polyphosphate systems improved simultaneously both fire retardancy and mechanical properties by montmorillonite
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jian-Sheng Lin, Auteur ; Ya Liu, Auteur ; De-Yi Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9998-10005
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Montmorillonite Mechanical properties Fires
Résumé :	The effect of montmorillonite (MMT) used to improve the fire retardancy of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) /ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was studied. The limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the effect of the presence of MMT. Compared to that for the PVA/APP composite, the LOI of PVA/APP/ MMT composite was increased from 27.9 to 30.8 and UL-94 could reach V-0 when the total loading of flame retardant was 15wt%. The results from cone calorimeter parameters such as the heat release rate (HRR), the total heat release (THR), and mass loss (ML) showed that the addition of MMT improves the flame retardancy of PVA/APP systems significantly. The TGA data showed that MMT improved the thermal stability of the PVA/APP systems at high temperature. Importantly, mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break for the PVA/APP composite could be enhanced by the presence of MMT.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483643

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9989-9997

Titre :	In situ synthesis of SAPO-34 grown onto fully calcined kaolin microspheres and Its catalytic properties for the MTO reaction
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pengfei Wang, Auteur ; Ailing Lv, Auteur ; Jie Hu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9989-9997
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalytic reaction Microsphere Calcining In situ
Résumé :	Rapid deactivation and short lifetime are challenges for SAPO-34 catalysts for the reaction of methanol to olefins (MTO). To overcome these drawbacks, SAPO-34 on fully calcined kaolin microspheres (CKMs) was synthesized in situ by a hydrothermal method with tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) and triethylamine (TEA) as templates. To facilitate the growth of SAPO-34, the CKMs were first pretreated by 2-14 wt % NaOH aqueous solution, and the effects of the NaOH concentration on the physicochemical properties of CKMs and the SAPO-34/kaolin microspheres (SCKMs) were characterized by means of XRD, XPS, SEM, low-temperature N2 adsorption, and NH3-TPD. The results showed that NaOH pretreatment has obvious effects on the chemical compositions and morphologies of the CKMs and, thus, the physicochemical properties of the SAPO-34 grown on them. Moreover, the textural and catalytic properties of the SCKMs were found to depend strongly on the concentration of NaOH solution, and the optimal NaOH concentration was determined to be 4 wt %. For the MTO reaction catalyzed by the prepared SCKM catalyst, 100% methanol conversion, 89.8% light olefins selectivity, and a 964-min lifetime (the reaction time during which the yield of C2-C4 olefins exceeded 70%) were obtained at 450 °C, which are much better than the values for free SAPO-34 and SAPO-34 supported on metakaolin microspheres.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483642

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9980-9988

Titre :	Effect of cofeeding butane with methanol on the deactivation by coke of a HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Andrés T. Aguayo, Auteur ; Pedro Castano, Auteur ; Diana Mier, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9980-9988
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalyst Zeolite Deactivation
Résumé :	The deactivation by coke of a HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst has been studied in the transformation of methanol into hydrocarbons by cofeeding butane (n-butane). This reaction is of interest as an energy-neutral integrated process that enhances the activity in the cracking reaction and upgrades the paraffins formed as byproducts. The process was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor under the following conditions: temperature, 550 °C; pressure, 1 bar; space time, 2.4 and 4.8 (g of catalyst) h (mol of CH2)-1; time on stream, 5 h; methanol/butane molar ratio, up to 16/1. The coke was characterized using several analytical techniques (TG-TPO, FTIR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopies), and the effects of cofeeding butane on the coke composition and structure were determined. The results in terms of coke content and composition, are explained in terms of the different pathways of methanol and butane transformation.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483641

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9960-9979

Titre :	Kinetic parameters estimation for three way catalyst modeling
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Karthik Ramanathan, Auteur ; Chander Shekhar Sharma, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9960-9979
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Modeling Three way catalyst Parameter estimation Kinetic parameter
Résumé :	One of the critical needs of a Three Way Catalyst (TWC) model is to be able to predict light-off. This is crucial for application studies and vehicle architectural studies because most of the emissions from a TWC occur before light-off (called cold-start emissions). Laboratory experiments give detailed insights to the reaction mechanism and analytical forms of the rate expressions as they are well-controlled and well-behaved as compared to vehicle tests. However, to predict emissions on a vehicle test, the laboratory-estimated kinetic parameters are not entirely capable because of the various uncertainties in the vehicle tests. In this work, six different vehicle data sets are used to calibrate and validate the TWC global kinetic model. Our emphasis in this work is restricted to predicting the light-off (cold-start emissions) in TWC. The kinetic model is calibrated using 4 vehicle data sets (which use the FTP drive cycle) using iSIGHT software package. The kinetic parameters of the various reactions occurring in the TWC are estimated to match the experimental data through exploratory and local optimization methods. A systematic approach (with increasing complexity) is used to estimate the kinetic parameters. The estimated parameters are then used to validate the model on two different vehicle data sets (one NEDC drive cycle and one FTP drive cycle) with different catalyst compositions and engine power (and hence different engine out exhaust compositions). The model with estimated kinetic parameters predicts the light-off reasonably well for the new data sets. The parameter estimation approach in this work is kept as generic as possible to exhaust aftertreatment devices, and a set of guidelines for parameter estimation (specifically for use in exhaust aftertreatment devices) is presented (in the Appendix).
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483640

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9949–9959

Titre :	Effect of hot water extraction on hardwood kraft pulp fibers (Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple)
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gustavo V. Duarte, Auteur ; Bandaru V. Ramarao, Auteur ; Thomas E. Amidon, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9949–9959
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Kraft pulp fibers saccharum Sugar maple
Résumé :	This study focuses on the properties of fibers obtained from the kraft pulping of pre-extracted sugar maple wood chips. Hot-water pre-extraction was carried out for different times characterized by P-factors in the range of 12 and 600 h. It was found that pre-extraction of the chips significantly accelerates delignification during Kraft pulping such that the H-factors necessary to obtain equivalent delignification (i.e., the same κ numbers) were substantially smaller than control cooks (i.e., with unextracted chips). Unbleached pulps of κ numbers of 35, 25, and 15 were prepared, and their papermaking properties were tested. The hemicellulose content of the pulps decreased with pretreatment, whereas the cellulose contents increased. Pretreatment also resulted in an increase in the pulp viscosity. The fiber lengths showed no change, but the fines content was reduced. The kink index of pre-extracted pulps showed large increases. The porosity of the cell wall also increased with extraction severity as did the mean pore size. The water retention values (WRV) also increased with extraction probably because of the increased fiber porosity. The ζ potential of the fines remained unaffected, whereas the total charge (cationic) demand of the pulps decreased with pre-extraction. There is also a significant loss of tensile and burst strengths of handsheets made with extracted pulps possibly as a consequence of the increased kink and curl index and decreased interfiber bonding ability.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200639u

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9944-9948

Titre :	Catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene over V2O5/TiO2–carbon nanotubes composites
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Anmin Nie, Auteur ; Hangsheng Yang, Auteur ; Qian Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9944-9948
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Composite material Titanium oxide Oxidation Catalytic reaction
Résumé :	Catalysts V2O5/TiO2-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by hydrothermal method and their activity for catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene (CB) was studied. A CB conversion efficiency of 45% with a CO2 selectivity of 80% was achieved over V2O5 (1.2 wt %)/TiO2-CNTs(8.6 wt %) at a temperature as low as 200 °C. It also has the highest removal efficiency of 95% at 300 °C. From the analysis of XRD, SEM, TEM, and TPR, the low-temperature activity of V2O5/TiO2-CNTs could be ascribed to the high SBET, good dispersion of V2O5, and the possible adsorption of CB by free surface of CNTs.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483638

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9936-9943

Titre :	Biomass combustion in a fluidized-bed system : an integrated model for dynamic plant simulations
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Vikranth Kumar Surasani, Auteur ; Franka Kretschmer, Auteur ; Patric Heidecke, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9936-9943
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Modeling Fluidized bed Fluidization Combustion Biomass
Résumé :	A model that can be used for dynamic simulation of fluidized-bed biomass combustion plants is presented. The model combines spatially concentrated (well-mixed) approaches for the fluidized bed and the ash separation cyclone with a one-dimensional plug-flow representation of the freeboard section. Simulation results are compared with steady-state experimental data for wood combustion in a laboratory-scale facility. Computed flue gas compositions are in good agreement with measured values, whereas some deviation is observed in fluidized-bed temperature. The integrated model provides reasonable accuracy at a high computational speed. Hence, it is appropriate, after coupling with a thermodynamic cycle, for real-time monitoring and control of distribution nets and electric grids supplied byvarious regenerative power sources. Possible model extension by a population balance for the fuel particles is briefly outlined.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483637

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9925-9935

Titre :	Temperature profiles and process performances of sponge packings as compared to spherical catalysts in the oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Philip Mulheims, Auteur ; Bettina Kraushaar-Czarnetzki, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9925-9935
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Oxidation Catalyst Temperature distribution
Résumé :	The oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride was carried out in a pilot plant with a tubular reactor in order to investigate the heat transfer properties of different types of catalytic fixed beds through analysis of the temperature profiles arising upon polytropic o-xylene conversion. Ceramic sponges of different materials and pore densities were compared to a packed bed of spheres, all of which were coated with novel flame-made vanadia/titania catalyst nanoparticles. The temperature profiles were smoother and hot spot temperatures were found to be lower when sponges were employed as catalyst supports. The strongest reduction of the hot spot temperature was achieved with a sponge packing made of silicon carbide, showing the potential to significantly improve the productivity of the process.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483636

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9918-9924

Titre :	Hydroisomerization of n-heptane over Pt-loaded USY zeolites. effect of steaming, dealumination, and the resulting structure on catalytic properties
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Raed H. Abudawood, Auteur ; Faisal M. Alotaibi, Auteur ; Arthur A. Garforth, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9918-9924
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalytic reaction Zeolite Hydrotreatin Isomerization
Résumé :	The hydroconversion of n-heptane was studied on five USY zeolite samples loaded with 1 wt%Pt. Experiments were performed on a continuous fixed-bed stainless steel reactor at 210-310 °C and pressures up to 15 bar. Three in-house samples were subjected to steaming treatment, and the remaining were acid-leached from a commercial source. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of acid leaching, and its subsequent extraframework alumina (EFAL) species removal, on the performance of bifunctional USY zeolite catalysts during n-heptane transformation. Results have shown that steamed samples generate more cracked products at higher conversions when compared to acid-leached ones, more than likely due to a high presence of EFAL species. The degree of steaming played a role in decreasing cracking tendency at higher pressures, which is attributed to pore structure change and decreasing acidity. In addition, steaming resulted in a catalyst sample capable of generating isomers with blended research octane numbers dose to those achieved with a robust commercial catalyst. However, poisoning experiments have shown that these two catalysts are highly sensitive to sulfur and require sulfur-free feeds in order to demonstrate their full capacities.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483635

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9910-9917

Titre :	Experimental design of topological curves to safely optimize highly exothermic complex reacting systems
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sabrina Copelli, Auteur ; Marco Derudi, Auteur ; Renato Rota, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9910-9917
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Experimental design
Résumé :	Strongly exothermic solution homopolymerizations are a class of chain reactions particularly difficult to be optimized from both a safety and a productivity viewpoint. Particularly, lots of side undesired reactions (e.g., backbiting, propagation of tertiary radicals, chain transfer to monomer or solvent, etc.), which affect the selectivity with respect to the desired product, and relevant mass and heat transfer problems, due to the increasing system viscosity, take place during such syntheses. Under these unavoidable operating conditions, it is difficult to employ theoretical procedures that are able to safely optimize the analyzed process, because the development of a reliable mathematical model is often not affordable or too time-consuming. In this work, it is shown that the topological criterion theory and its related optimization procedure can be used to optimize experimentally (through a dedicated set of isoperibolic reaction calorimetry tests) a complex reacting system even if its reaction scheme and all information about the kinetics are not available.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483634

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9901-9909

Titre :	Application of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in a wetted-wall corona-discharge reactor To enhance phenol decomposition in water
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Noriaki Sano, Auteur ; Yuichi Yamane, Auteur ; Yoshio Hori, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9901-9909
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Reactor Corona effect
Résumé :	A A wetted-wall corona-discharge reactor can be used to decompose toxic organic compounds in water using reactive radicals and ozone. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized directly on the surface of a cylindrical stainless steel anode in this type of reactor to improve its decomposition performance. The surface area of the anode including the synthesized MWCNTs became approximately 332 times larger than that of the bare stainless steel anode. This increase in surface area enhanced the rate at which the phenol concentration decreased, although the degradation rate of total organic carbon (TOC) did not increase. When cobalt nanoparticles were loaded onto these MWCNTs, the TOC degradation rate improved significantly. The synthesis of MWCNTs on the anode surface was necessary to realize this enhancement. This study discusses the mechanisms of these enhancement effects.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483633

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9890-9900

Titre :	From laboratory to field tomography : data collection and performance assessment
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zeljko Kuzeljevic, Auteur ; Milorad Dudukovic, Auteur ; Hugh Stitt, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9890-9900
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Tomography
Résumé :	In field tomography, the total number of scan lines collected during imaging is usually limited. At the same time, the demands on the technique regarding resolution are low, corresponding to diagnostic purposes (e.g., presence or absence of maldistribution). In this study, we investigate the level of information needed for purpose of field diagnostics when using a fan beam tomography scanner. We utilize the theoretical framework of Fisher information content to examine dependence between projection data collection methodology and image quality. The findings are substantiated by experimental results obtained on suitable phantom designed to mimic maldistribution in packed bed. The performance of expectation-maximization and alternating-minimization image reconstruction algorithms for varying number of scan lines used is compared.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483632

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9883-9889

Titre :	Kinetics and mechanism of deamination and decarboxylation of 2-aminopentanedioic acid by quinolinium dichromate (QDC) in aqueous perchloric acid medium
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan, Auteur ; Ayaz Mohd, Auteur ; Shaista Bano, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9883-9889
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Acid medium Kinetics
Résumé :	Kinetic data for the oxidation of 2-aminopentanedioic acid/L-glutamic acid (Glu-e) by quinolinium dichromate (QDC) in perchloric acid medium are reported. The results of the reactions studied spectrophotometrically over a wide range of experimental conditions show that the rate of the reaction is increased by increases in perchloric acid, the ionic strength, and the concentration of Glu-e. The reactions are first order with respect to both QDC and Glu-e. Added products are found to have an insignificant effect on the reaction rate. The activation parameters and thermodynamics have been evaluated and lend further support to the proposed mechanism.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483631

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9876-9882

Titre :	Development of an electrochemical acidification cell for the recovery of CO2 and H2 from seawater
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Heather D. Willauer, Auteur ; Felice DiMascio, Auteur ; Dennis R. Hardy, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9876-9882
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Seawater Carbon dioxide Acidification
Résumé :	Based on continuous electrodeionization (CEDI) technology, a novel hybrid electrochemical acidification process has been developed to extract large quantities of CO2 from seawater. This indirect approach acidifies seawater to recover CO2 from bicarbonate. The electrolytic regeneration of cation exchange resin allowed simultaneous and continuous ion exchange and regeneration to occur within the cell along with control of the seawater pH. Lowering seawater pH was found to be proportional to the applied current to the cell, and the CO2 in the acidified seawater was readily removed at pH less than 6.0. In addition, the cell produced a portion of hydrogen gas without additional energy penalties.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483630

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9870-9875

Titre :	Synthesis and surface properties of glycerol based C8 chain monoethers
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sandra Bigot, Auteur ; Herve Bricout, Auteur ; Isabelle Suisse, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9870-9875
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Surface properties
Résumé :	The telomerization of butadiene with solketal (1,2-isopropylideneglycerol) in the presence of palladium complexes has been studied under aqueous biphasic conditions. This reaction followed by deprotection in acid medium leads to monooctadienyl ethers of glycerol (linear and branched) with a high selectivity into the linear isomer. The corresponding glyceryl monooctyl ethers are obtained by hydrogenation of the octadienyl ethers. The surface properties ofthese two classes of compounds have been appraised and compared showing the influence of the double bonds on these properties.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483629

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9864-9869

Titre :	Antimonite removal using marine algal species
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	K. Vijayaraghavan, Auteur ; R. Balasubramanian, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9864-9869
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Antimonite Marine algal
Résumé :	Three seaweed species (Turbinaria conoides, Sargassum sp., and Ulva sp.) were examined to assess their ability to sequester antimonite [Sb(III)] ions from aqueous solution. Among these species, both T. conoides and Sargassum sp. showed higher Sb(III) biosorption potential than Ulva sp. The pH-edge experimental results revealed the involvement of negatively charged groups in the biosorption of Sb(III). Biosorption isotherms obtained at pH 6 indicated that T. conoides provided higher uptake of Sb(III) (18.1 mg/g) than Sargassum sp. (14.9 mg/g) according to the Langmuir model. Kinetic studies indicated that the rates of Sb(III) removal by both brown seaweeds were high, with 95% of the process completed within 45 min. A pseudo-first-order model was found to describe the kinetic data satisfactorily with a high correlation coefficient and low percentage errors. Desorption experiments with 0.1 M HCl showed that it is possible to regenerate T. conoides for its continued use as a biosorbent for up to three sorption–desorption cycles without significant loss in sorption capacity.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200776m

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9852-9863

Titre :	Bioadsorption of arsenic : an artificial neural networks and response surface methodological approach
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	D. Ranjan, Auteur ; D. Mishra, Auteur ; S. H. Hasan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9852-9863
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Neural network Biosorption
Résumé :	The estimation capacities of two optimization methodologies, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were evaluated for prediction of biosorptive remediation of As(III) and As(V) species in batch as well as column mode. The independent parameters (viz. pH, initial arsenic concentration, temperature, and biomass dose in the case of batch mode and bed height, flow rate, and initial arsenic concentration in the case of column mode) were fed as input to the central composite design (CCD) of RSM and the ANN techniques, and the output was the uptake capacity of the sorbent. The CCD was used to evaluate the simple and combined effects of the independent parameters and to derive a second-order regression equation for predicting optimization of the process. The sets of input-output patterns were also used to train the multilayer feed-forward networks employing the backpropagation algorithm with MATLAB. The application of the RSM and ANN techniques to the available experimental data showed that ANN outperforms RSM indicating the superiority of a properly trained ANN over RSM in capturing the nonlinear behavior of the system and the simultaneous prediction of the output.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483627

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9847-9851

Titre :	Applicability of short totally chlorine free bleaching sequences to miscanthus x giganteus organosolv pulps
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Juan Jose Villaverde, Auteur ; Pablo Ligero, Auteur ; Alberto De Vega, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9847-9851
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Bleaching
Résumé :	The applicability of short totally chlorine free (TCF) treatments, including ozone (Z), peroxide (P), and peroxyacetic acid (Pa) processes, to Acetosolv, formic acid, and Milox pulps from Miscanthus x giganteus was checked. In some cases, a previous step using a Formacell treatment (Fll step) was used. The evolution of pulp yield, brightness, kappa number, and pulp viscosity was monitored after each stage. The best results were obtained from sequences ZPP, ZPaP, and PaZP for Acetosolv, formic acid, and Milox pulps, respectively. Final viscosities of these sequences were 708, 782, and 576 mL/g, respectively, and brightness values were between 84.7 and 912%. These results, together with kappa numbers below 1.0, demonstrated the ability of the three acidic organosolv processes to produce pulps of high purity with good properties by dean, short TCF sequences (three stages).
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483626

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9839–9846

Titre :	Generation of reactive species by gas-phase dielectric barrier discharges
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Qiong Tang, Auteur ; Wenju Jiang, Auteur ; Ying Cheng, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9839–9846
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gas phase Dielectric barrier
Résumé :	This work presents a study of discharge characteristics and generation of reactive species such as OH• radical, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone by a gas-phase dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) process. A series of experiments were performed to investigate the effects of various parameters such as input energy density, feeding gas, gas flow rate, and electrode gap on the formation of OH• radical, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone in solution. The pH and N-containing products (NO2– and NO3–) in solution were also determined. The experimental data show that formation rates of OH• radical, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone in solution were found to depend on the input energy density, feeding gas, gas flow rate, and electrode gap. When pure oxygen was used as the feeding gas, O3 was the major reactive species. The OH• radical was observed to be the major reactive species generated and its concentration was approximately 12 times higher than that of O3 when air with 100% relative humidity (RH) was used as the feeding gas. NO3– byproducts formed in the solution were partly responsible for the pH decrease.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200039w

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9834-9838

Titre :	Experimental study on the time evolutions of methane reburning and combustion process
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Enlu Wang, Auteur ; Xuchang Xu, Auteur ; Mingchuan Zhang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9834-9838
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Combustion
Résumé :	An electrical heated test rig with nonintrusive multipoint sampling analysis system was built up. On such a test rig, the experiments of time evolution of methane reburning and combustion process have been carried out. In the methane reburning process, the concentrations of O2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, and NO decrease during 0.2-1.0 s, while the concentrations of C2H2, CO, H2, and HCN increase within the same time. Through comparison of the time evolutions of methane reburning and combustion process, the changing trends of CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, H2, O2 and CO are similar, and the concentrations of CH4, C2H4, and C2H6 in the methane rebuming process are slightly higher than these in the methane combustion process, while the concentration of C2H2 in the methane rebuming process is obviously lower than that in the methane combustion process. The experimental results suggest that C2H2 is the key hydrocarbon in the methane reburnin process, and the NO reduction by methane as the reburning fuel mainly proceeds via the reaction with C2H2. The further validating experimental results show that C2H2 is of the most significant effects on NO reduction when compared with CH4, C2H4, and C2H6 at the same stoichiometric ratio. In the case with C2H2, the NO reduction efficiency is about 90%. But for CH4, C2H4, and C2H6, the NO reduction efficiency is only about 28, 35, and 45%, respectively.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483624

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 17 (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 9829-9833

Titre :	UV–visible spectroscopy for quantification of drop-on-demand inkjet performance
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Amin Famili, Auteur ; William J. Baldy, Auteur ; Saurabh A. Palkar, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 9829-9833
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Drop Ultraviolet radiation
Résumé :	Drop-on-demand inkjet technology offers a method through which nano- to microgram quantities of a substance can be delivered to a precise target location. However, few measurement techniques exist to quantify the material dispensed in quantities representative of those deposited on a typical target. While many methods exist that are suited to quantitate the cumulative material dispensed by large numbers of drops, few are capable of adequately quantifying subthousand drop counts. This gap in the quantitation methodology is significant since typically the first few drops in a burst have different mass from that of the subsequent drops. A UV-visible spectroscopic method is presented here as a means to quantify the dispensed material associated with drops numbering in the few tens to hundreds, with this method exhibiting excellent repeatability and reproducibility without the need for lengthy calibrations or sample preparation times. The resolution and precision of this method make it an attractive choice for in-process testing, in which both accuracy and throughput are of high importance.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24483623

Industrial & engineering chemistry research / Paul, Donald R. . Vol. 50 N° 17

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