Dépouillements

Volume morphology of printable solar cells / Joachim Loos in Materials today, Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 14-20 Titre : Volume morphology of printable solar cells Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Joachim Loos, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 14-20 Note générale : Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Solar  cells  Printable  polymer  Electrical  energy  Sunlight  Nanometer  resolution Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : Printable polymer or hybrid solar cells (PSCs) have the potential to become one of the leading technologies of the 21st century in conversion of sunlight to electrical energy. Because of their ease of processing from solution fast and low cost mass production of devices is possible in a roll-to-roll printing fashion. The performance of such printed devices, in turn, is determined to a large extent by the three-dimensional organization of the photoactive layer, i.e. layer where light is absorbed and converted into free electrical charges, and its contacts with the charge collecting electrodes. In this review I briefly introduce our current understanding of morphology-performance relationships in PSCs with specific focus on electron tomography as analytical tool providing volume information with nanometer resolution. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702110701826 [article] Volume morphology of printable solar cells [texte imprimé] / Joachim Loos, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 14-20. Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 14-20 Mots-clés : Solar  cells  Printable  polymer  Electrical  energy  Sunlight  Nanometer  resolution Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : Printable polymer or hybrid solar cells (PSCs) have the potential to become one of the leading technologies of the 21st century in conversion of sunlight to electrical energy. Because of their ease of processing from solution fast and low cost mass production of devices is possible in a roll-to-roll printing fashion. The performance of such printed devices, in turn, is determined to a large extent by the three-dimensional organization of the photoactive layer, i.e. layer where light is absorbed and converted into free electrical charges, and its contacts with the charge collecting electrodes. In this review I briefly introduce our current understanding of morphology-performance relationships in PSCs with specific focus on electron tomography as analytical tool providing volume information with nanometer resolution. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702110701826

Carbon nanotube-guided thermopower waves / Wonjoon Choi in Materials today, Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 22-23 Titre : Carbon nanotube-guided thermopower waves Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Wonjoon Choi, Auteur ; Joel T. Abrahamson, Auteur ; Jennifer M. Strano, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 22-23 Note générale : Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Carbon  Nanotube  Thermopower  wav  Electrical  energyes  Nanowire  Nanomaterials Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : Thermopower waves are a new concept for the direct conversion of chemical to electrical energy. A nanowire with large axial thermal diffusivity can accelerate a self-propagating reaction wave using a fuel coated along its length. The reaction wave drives electrical carriers in a thermopower wave, creating a high-power pulse of as much as 7 kW/kg in experiments using carbon nanotubes. We review nanomaterials designed to overcome limitations of thermoelectricity and explore the emerging scientific and practical outlook for devices using thermopower waves. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702110701838 [article] Carbon nanotube-guided thermopower waves [texte imprimé] / Wonjoon Choi, Auteur ; Joel T. Abrahamson, Auteur ; Jennifer M. Strano, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 22-23. Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 22-23 Mots-clés : Carbon  Nanotube  Thermopower  wav  Electrical  energyes  Nanowire  Nanomaterials Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : Thermopower waves are a new concept for the direct conversion of chemical to electrical energy. A nanowire with large axial thermal diffusivity can accelerate a self-propagating reaction wave using a fuel coated along its length. The reaction wave drives electrical carriers in a thermopower wave, creating a high-power pulse of as much as 7 kW/kg in experiments using carbon nanotubes. We review nanomaterials designed to overcome limitations of thermoelectricity and explore the emerging scientific and practical outlook for devices using thermopower waves. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702110701838

Probing the improbable: imaging C atoms in alumina / Emmanuelle A. Marquis in Materials today, Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 34-36 Titre : Probing the improbable: imaging C atoms in alumina Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Emmanuelle A. Marquis, Auteur ; Noor A. Yahya, Auteur ; David J. Larson, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 34-36 Note générale : Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Materials  Microstructural  features  Carbon  Alumina  Imaging  atoms Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : The ability to probe the three-dimensional atomic structure of materials is an essential tool for material design and failure analysis. Atom-probe tomography has proven very powerful to analyze the detailed structure and chemistry of metallic alloys and semiconductor structures while ceramic materials have remained outside its standard purview. In the current work, we demonstrate that bulk alumina can be quantitatively analyzed and microstructural features observed. The analysis of grain boundary carbon segregation – barely achievable by electron microscopy – opens the possibility of understanding the mechanistic effects of dopants on mechanical properties, fracture and wear properties of bulk oxides. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136970211070184X [article] Probing the improbable: imaging C atoms in alumina [texte imprimé] / Emmanuelle A. Marquis, Auteur ; Noor A. Yahya, Auteur ; David J. Larson, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 34-36. Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 34-36 Mots-clés : Materials  Microstructural  features  Carbon  Alumina  Imaging  atoms Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : The ability to probe the three-dimensional atomic structure of materials is an essential tool for material design and failure analysis. Atom-probe tomography has proven very powerful to analyze the detailed structure and chemistry of metallic alloys and semiconductor structures while ceramic materials have remained outside its standard purview. In the current work, we demonstrate that bulk alumina can be quantitatively analyzed and microstructural features observed. The analysis of grain boundary carbon segregation – barely achievable by electron microscopy – opens the possibility of understanding the mechanistic effects of dopants on mechanical properties, fracture and wear properties of bulk oxides. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136970211070184X

Sensing current and forces with SPM / Jeong Y. Park in Materials today, Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 38-45 Titre : Sensing current and forces with SPM Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jeong Y. Park, Auteur ; Sabine Maier, Auteur ; Bas Hendriksen, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 38-45 Note générale : Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Microscopy  Atomic  force  Detection  of  currents  Material  properties Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are well established techniques to image surfaces and to probe material properties at the atomic and molecular scale. In this review, we show hybrid combinations of AFM and STM that bring together the best of two worlds: the simultaneous detection of atomic scale forces and conduction properties. We illustrate with several examples how the detection of forces in STM and the detection of currents in AFM can give valuable additional information of the nanoscale material properties. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702110701851 [article] Sensing current and forces with SPM [texte imprimé] / Jeong Y. Park, Auteur ; Sabine Maier, Auteur ; Bas Hendriksen, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 38-45. Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 38-45 Mots-clés : Microscopy  Atomic  force  Detection  of  currents  Material  properties Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are well established techniques to image surfaces and to probe material properties at the atomic and molecular scale. In this review, we show hybrid combinations of AFM and STM that bring together the best of two worlds: the simultaneous detection of atomic scale forces and conduction properties. We illustrate with several examples how the detection of forces in STM and the detection of currents in AFM can give valuable additional information of the nanoscale material properties. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702110701851

Wide-field SEM of semiconducting minerals / James C. Weaver in Materials today, Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 46-53 Titre : Wide-field SEM of semiconducting minerals Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : James C. Weaver, Auteur ; William Mershon, Auteur ; Martin Zadrazil, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 46-53 Note générale : Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Semiconducting  minerals  Electron  microscopes  Nanotechnology  Imaging Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : There has been significant progress in recent years aimed at pushing the spatial resolution limits of scanning electron microscopes. Many of these endeavours have been driven by advances in the field of nanotechnology and the need to investigate the morphological features of sub-micron size materials. While scanning electron microscopy is indeed a powerful tool for investigating objects at length-scales that are prohibitive using standard optical microscopy techniques, SEMs are equally useful in characterizing the micro- and macro-scale architectures of transparent, highly reflective, or morphologically complex materials. Despite this great potential, until recently, the maximum feature sizes that could be successfully imaged in a scanning electron microscope were on the order of a few millimeters and the thought of routinely imaging objects on the order of 10s of centimeters in a single dimension, in a single image seemed unimaginable. New advances in SEM column design, however, are beginning to change all of this. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702110701863 [article] Wide-field SEM of semiconducting minerals [texte imprimé] / James C. Weaver, Auteur ; William Mershon, Auteur ; Martin Zadrazil, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 46-53. Ingénierie Langues : Anglais (eng) in Materials today > Vol. 13 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 46-53 Mots-clés : Semiconducting  minerals  Electron  microscopes  Nanotechnology  Imaging Index. décimale : 620 Essais des matériaux. Matériaux commerciaux. Station génératrice d'énergie. Economie de l'énergie Résumé : There has been significant progress in recent years aimed at pushing the spatial resolution limits of scanning electron microscopes. Many of these endeavours have been driven by advances in the field of nanotechnology and the need to investigate the morphological features of sub-micron size materials. While scanning electron microscopy is indeed a powerful tool for investigating objects at length-scales that are prohibitive using standard optical microscopy techniques, SEMs are equally useful in characterizing the micro- and macro-scale architectures of transparent, highly reflective, or morphologically complex materials. Despite this great potential, until recently, the maximum feature sizes that could be successfully imaged in a scanning electron microscope were on the order of a few millimeters and the thought of routinely imaging objects on the order of 10s of centimeters in a single dimension, in a single image seemed unimaginable. New advances in SEM column design, however, are beginning to change all of this. DEWEY : 620 ISSN : 1369-7021 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369702110701863

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