Catalogue en ligne Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11763–11769

Titre :	Recycling of waste printed circuit boards by microwave - induced pyrolysis and featured mechanical processing
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jing Sun, Auteur ; Wenlong Wang, Auteur ; Zhen Liu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11763–11769
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Recycling waste Pyrolysis
Résumé :	The combination of microwave-induced pyrolysis and mechanical processing is a promising way to recycle the waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In pyrolysis, WPCBs yield an average of 78.6 wt.% solid residues, 15.7 wt.% oil, and 5.7 wt.% gas. The solid residues are rich in metals; the oil is abundant with phenol and substituted phenols which can be reclaimed as chemicals or fuels; and the gas is combustible with a caloric value of 4504 kcal/m3. Our featured mechanical processing, including crushing and specially designed sink-float separation, is very suitable for metal reclamation from the pyrolysis residues. Over 99 wt.% of metals can be dissociated by the crushing step; the final recycling rate and grade of metals in the separation step can amount to 95 wt.% and 96.5%, respectively. The economic assessment reveals that the combined treatment is amazingly profitable and very promising to tackle the challenges posed by the electronic scraps.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2013407

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11755-11762

Titre :	Determination and correlation of solubility of decahydropyrazino [2,3 - b] pyrazine in methanol, ethanol, and 2 - propanol
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jing Chen, Auteur ; Zuo-Xiang Zeng, Auteur ; Wei-Lan Xue, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11755-11762
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Solubility Correlation analysis Correlation
Résumé :	The solubilities of decahydropyrazino[2,3-b]pyrazine (DHPP) in methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol were measured at temperatures ranging from 274.95 to 354.75 K. The last crystal disappearance method was used to determine the solubility of DHPP. The experimental data were correlated by the van't Hoff plot, λh (Buchowski) equation, modified Apelblat equation, and two local composition models (Wilson and NRTL). Moreover, the densities of (DHPP + water) solution were measured from 274.25 to 355.95 K, and the liquid molar volume of DHPP, Vml (T), was obtained and used to calculate the parameters in the Wilson model. It was found that NRTL model gave the best correlation results. On the basis of the NRTL model and experimental data, the thermodynamic excess functions (ΔGE, ΔSE, and ΔHE) of DHPP + alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol) systems were determined. Furthermore, the infinite-dilution activity coefficient and the infinite-dilution reduced excess enthalpy (γ∞1 and ΔH∞E1) were derived.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612403

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11746–11754

Titre :	Minimal experimental data set required for estimating PCP - SAFT parameters
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Katja Albers, Auteur ; Gabriele Sadowski, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11746–11754
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Equation Parameter estimation.
Résumé :	The pure-component parameters of the Perturbed Chain Polar-Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PCP-SAFT) equation of state are usually fitted to experimental data over broad temperature ranges. Against a background of limited experimental data, this article examines the amount and type of experimental data that are minimally required for safe parameter estimation. For nonassociating components, a minimal data set containing three data points is sufficient. For associating components, five data points are sufficient. The influence of vapor-pressure data on parameter estimation and the modeling results is larger than that of liquid-volume data. The temperature ranges of the experimental data can be chosen to be as small as 5 K for all of the data, except for the vapor pressures of associating components. These data require a range of at least 20 K. Application of the parameters fitted to the minimal experimental data set led to convincing results for the modeling of pure-component properties and binary mixtures.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2010803

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11734-11745

Titre :	Gasoline from woody biomass via thermochemical gasification, methanol synthesis, and methanol - to - gasoline technologies : a technoeconomic analysis
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Steven D. Phillips, Auteur ; Joan K. Tarud, Auteur ; Mary J. Biddy, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11734-11745
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gasification Biomass
Résumé :	This work describes a technoeconomic analysis of the feasibility of making gasoline using biomass-derived syngas that was completed at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The process includes the following steps: (1) biomass gasification of woody residues, which produces a syngas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (2) syngas cleanup by means of tar reforming and scrubbing, followed by the removal of acid gases; (3) synthesis of methanol from clean syngas by passing it over a copper/zinc oxide/alumina catalyst; (4) conversion of methanol to gasoline using a ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst, first developed by Exxon Mobil as the methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) technology; and (5) multiple gasoline separation and finishing processes. The process was modeled in Aspen Plus, and information taken from the Aspen Plus simulation was used to complete a discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR) analysis. The results of the DCFROR, using a poplar wood feedstock cost of $55.89/dry metric tonne ($50.70/dry U.S. ton), give an estimated plant gate price (PGP) of $15.73/GJ ($16.60/MMBtu) (2007 U.S. dollars) for gasoline and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). The corresponding unit prices for gasoline and LPG are $0.52/L ($1.95/gal) and $0.40/L ($1.53/gal), respectively, with yields of 229.9 L of gasoline and 38.8 L of LPG per metric tonne of dry biomass (55.1 gal of gasoline and 9.3 gal of LPG per short ton of dry biomass). This report is a future look at the potential of the biomass-to-gasoline process, based on calculations for an nth plant and 2012 technology targets for clean syngas from biomass as established in the Multi-Year Program Plan of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of the Biomass Program.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612401

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11728–11733

Titre :	Direct Observation of the Dynamics of Bridge Formation between Urea Prills
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Roman M. Kirsch, Auteur ; Richard A. Williams, Auteur ; Ulrich Brockel, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11728–11733
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Dynamics
Résumé :	A novel experimental method has been developed that enables the direct observation of bridge formation between urea particles under very carefully controlled climatic conditions (±<0.2 °C, ±1% humidity) providing new insight into the fundamental system behavior. Results demonstrate that liquid bridges are formed rapidly between urea prills, often within 30 min, when exposed to conditions close to the critical relative humidity and following adsorption of water at the surface of the prills. Observations over a longer time period show that a time-dependent mass transfer into the liquid bridge takes place, transforming it into a solid bridge. This complies with earlier experimental results reported elsewhere [Wahl, M.; Kirsch, R.; Bröckel, U.; Trapp, S.; Bottlinger, M. Chem. Eng. Technol.2006, 29, 674]. Elucidation of the mechanism shows that the phenomenon cannot be considered a simple crystallization of dissolved urea by evaporation of water in a distinct drying step, as widely assumed in the past. We report here evidence of the time dependence of solid-bridge formation on mass transfer. These observations present a new challenge for future studies seeking to develop appropriate models to describe the bridge formation in urea.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2010498

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11724-11727

Titre :	Determination of chlorobenzene solubilities in subcritical water in a fused silica capillary reactor from 173 to 267 °C
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhiyan Pan, Auteur ; Zhong Dong, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11724-11727
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Reactor Solubility
Résumé :	The solubility of chlorobenzene was measured in subcritical water using a fused silica capillary reactor (FSCR) combined with a microscope recorder system to capture the images and identify the temperature of total dissolution. The solubility of chlorobenzene was found to vary between 43.5 mg g-1 in water at 173.3 °C and 71.4 mg g-1 in water at 266.9 °C, increasing linearly with temperature. A new approximation model was developed to predict the solubility of chlorobenzene in subcritical water at elevated temperatures. This visualization in the FSCR method does not require sampling and subsequent analysis, and it has a great potential for the solubility determinations of other organic or inorganic materials.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612399

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11720-11723

Titre :	Phase equilibrium conditions of tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate + CO2, N2, or CH4 semiclathrate hydrate systems
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jian-Wei Du, Auteur ; De-Qing Liang, Auteur ; Dong-Liang Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11720-11723
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon dioxide Phase equilibrium
Résumé :	Phase equilibrium conditions for semiclathrate hydrates formed from tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate (TBANO3) + CO2, N2, or CH4 + water system were investigated under high-pressure in a "full view" sapphire cell. An isochoric equilibrium step-heating pressure-search method was used for the determination of the hydrate phase transition points through plotting the points of intersection of hydrate-liquid-vapor (H-L-V) to liquid-vapor (L-V) experimentally. All the experimental equilibrium data were obtained in the presence of TBANO3 solution at ammonium salt mass fraction of 0.3941 corresponding to a stoichiometric composition for TBANO3·26H2O. Measurements were performed for TBANO3 + CO2 + water, TBANO3 + N2 + water, and TBANO3 + CH4 + water system in the temperature range of (281.5 to 290.9) K and in the pressure range of (1.19 to 32.89) MPa. The three-phase equilibrium lines of TBANO3 + N2 and TBANO3 + CO2 semiclathrate hydrate shifted the hydrate stability region to lower pressure and higher temperature than that of the pure N2 and CO2 hydrate, respectively. However, the addition of TBANO3 made TBANO3 + CH4 semiclathrate hydrate phase equilibrium curve at higher pressure than the pure CH4 hydrate.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612398

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11712-11719

Titre :	Removal of coke particles from oil contaminated marun petrochemical wastewater using PVDF Microfiltration Membrane
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sayed Siavash Madaeni, Auteur ; Vahid Vatanpour, Auteur ; Hossein Ahmadi Monfared, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11712-11719
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Membrane separation Microfiltration Waste water Petrochemical industry Pollution
Résumé :	In this paper, an experimental study of a polymeric PVDF microfiltration membrane is presented for complete removal of coke particles from the industrial wastewater of Marun Petrochemical Company. The operation parameters such as applied pressure, cross-flow velocity, and feed temperature were investigated. The effect of coke concentration in filtration of the synthetic feed showed that coke particles did not transport from the membrane in all concentrations and sequence fitrations. In addition, 100% rejection of coke particles was kept constant by changing the operation parameters or using different cleaning agents due to suitable selection of pore size and polymeric materials of the applied membrane. At higher applied pressures, the higher flux is obtained due to the higher driving force toward the membrane. Feed flux was enhanced by increasing the cross-flow velocity explained by raising mass transfer coefficient in the concentration boundary layer and producing more shear stress on the membrane surface. Three different types of cleaning agents (HCl, NaOH, and NaOCl) were used for feed flux recovery of the fouled membranes. Flux recovery results and surface SEM images of the cleaned membranes indicated that most of the foulants were successfully removed using NaClO as chemical cleaner. The sequence of cleaning agent effect on flux recovery was NaOCl > NaOH > HCl. Hypochlorite solution due to having oxidizing properties in addition to alkali properties resulted in a higher cleaning efficiency compared to NaOH.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612397

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11706–11711

Titre :	Adsorption of lignocelluloses dissolved in prehydrolysis liquor of kraft - based dissolving pulp process on oxidized activated carbons
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xin Liu, Auteur ; Pedram Fatehi, Auteur ; Yonghao Ni, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11706–11711
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption Lignocelluloses
Résumé :	The prehydrolysis stage is essential in producing high-purity cellulose from the kraft-based process and is effective in removing hemicelluloses from wood chips. To convert hemicelluloses and other dissolved materials of the prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) into value-added products, they must first be recovered from the PHL. In this work, we investigated the use of activated carbon (AC) to adsorb such materials from the PHL. The adsorption of hemicelluloses on unmodified AC was significantly higher in neutral than acidic environment. To improve the adsorption performance of AC, the AC was oxidized with H2O2 or H2SO4. The H2O2- and H2SO4-modified ACs prepared under milder conditions had higher capacities than those prepared under stronger conditions for adsorbing hemicelluloses, lignin, and furfural. Additionally, the modifications increased the adsorption rate of dissolved materials on the AC, especially that of hemicelluloses. Oxidized activated carbon is a promising adsorbent for lignocellulosic materials of the PHL that can be employed in biorefinery processes conducted during the kraft-based dissolved pulp production process
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201036q

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11698–11705

Titre :	Synergistic extraction and selective removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution using magnetic nanoparticles coated with mixtures of sodium oleate and saponified 2 - ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono - 2- ethylhexyl ester
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Baohui Zhu, Auteur ; Nan Ma, Auteur ; Dongbei Wu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11698–11705
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Aqueous Solution Magnetic nanoparticles
Résumé :	Magnetic nanoparticles coated with mixtures of sodium oleate and saponified 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester were prepared as a kind of adsorbent for magnetically assisted chemical separation of copper ions. The extraction behavior was investigated using equilibrium batch experiment. The results demonstrated that mixtures of sodium oleate and saponified 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester had an evident synergistic effect on the copper extraction. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model, and the maximum sorption capacity of Cu(II) was 24.2 mg/g. The sorbent was highly selective toward Cu(II) at equilibrium pH 6.5, while the extraction of other metal ions was quite low in the binary solution systems. Artificial wastewater was prepared for selective removal of Cu(II) at the optimal experiment conditions. Desorption could be achieved using a 0.01 mol/L HCl eluent. The synergistic extraction mechanism of copper was confirmed to be ion exchange and surface complexation through pH analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200792j

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11690–11697

Titre :	Deep oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuels by acidic ionic liquids
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Guangren Yu, Auteur ; Jingjing Zhao, Auteur ; Dandan Song, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11690–11697
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Acidic ionic liquids
Résumé :	Ionic liquids (ILs), a new class of green solvents, have recently been undergoing intensive research on the removal of thiophenic sulfur species (e.g., dibenzothiophene) from fuels because of the limitation of the traditional hydrodesulfurization method in removing these species. In this work, deep oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuels by six functional acidic ILs are studied, in which ILs are used as both extractant and catalyst, and 30 wt % H2O2 solution as oxidant. These ILs include both Lewis acidic species such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride/2ZnCl2 ([C4mim]Cl/2ZnCl2 and [C4mim]Cl/ZnCl2) and Brønsted acidic species such as 1-methyl-3-ethylcarboxylic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([CH2COOHmim]HSO4), 1-methyl-3-(butyl-4-sulfinate) imidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([SO3H–C4mim]HSO4), [Hmim]HSO4, and [C4mim]HSO4 where different acidic groups such as −H, −COOH, and −SO3H are appended to the cations. Except for [CH2COOHmim]HSO4, both Brønsted and Lewis acidic ILs are capable of effectively removing dibenzothiophene from model diesel fuels, where 100% sulfur removal is obtained for [C4mim]Cl/2ZnCl2 and [SO3H–C4mim]HSO4. The effects of temperature, molar ratio of O/S, mass ratio of IL/oil, and IL regeneration on desulfurization are investigated systematically for [C4mim]Cl/2ZnCl2 and [SO3H–C4mim]HSO4. The desulfurization ability is not sensitive to the mass ratio of IL/oil, which is desired for reducing IL dosage in industrial application; the ILs can be recycled six times with merely a negligible loss in activity. [C4mim]Cl/2ZnCl2 can reduce the sulfur content in real commercial diesel fuel from 64 to 7.9 ppm with a sulfur removal of 87.7%; however, it is not too effective for coke diesel fuel with high initial sulfur content of 5380 ppm. This work tends to show that diesel fuels can be purified to sulfur-free or ultralow sulfur fuels by further deep oxidative desulfurization by using ILs after hydrodesulfurization.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200735p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11677-11689

Titre :	Preparation of robust, thin zeolite membrane sheet for molecular separation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Wei Liu, Auteur ; Jian Zhang, Auteur ; Nathan Canfield, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11677-11689
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Zeolite Inorganic membrane Preparation
Résumé :	This paper reports a feasibility study on the preparation of zeolite membrane films on a thin, porous metal support sheet (50 μm thick). Zeolite sodium A (NaA) and silicalite zeolite frameworks are chosen to represent syntheses of respective hydrophilic-type and hydrophobic-type zeolite membranes on this new support. It is found that a dense, continuous intergrown zeolite crystal layer at a thickness less than 3 μm can be directly deposited on such a support by using direct and secondary growth techniques. The resulting membrane shows excellent adhesion on the metal sheet. Molecular-sieving functions of the prepared membranes are characterized with ethanol/water separation, CO2 separation, and air dehumidification. The results show great potential to make flexible metal-foil-like zeolite membranes for a range of energy conversion and environmental applications.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612393

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11667–11676

Titre :	Purification of forskolin by adsorptive separation using functionalized polymer bearing specific ligands designed by molecular simulation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Leena P. Devendra, Auteur ; Vilas G. Gaikar, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11667–11676
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption Molecular modeling
Résumé :	The adsorption of forskolin and its analogues has been studied, a priori, by molecular modeling to design a suitable adsorbent for selective adsorption of forskolin from a complex extract. Ligands selective for forskolin have been designed on the basis of two-point attachments with forskolin so as to have desired selectivity. Dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments were conducted to establish the optimum parameters for the purification process using a functionalized polymer. After a single adsorption and desorption cycle, the purity of the forskolin increased to 98% using phenyl glycine-p-sulfonic acid substituted polystyrene as a functionalized polymer. Experimental verification of the selectivity of the ligand toward forskolin was successfully achieved.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2004175

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11657-11666

Titre :	Esterification of acetic acid and isobutanol in a pervaporation membrane reactor using different membranes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sevinc Korkmaz, Auteur ; Yavuz Salt, Auteur ; Salih Dincer, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11657-11666
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Membrane reactor Membrane separation Pervaporation Esterification
Résumé :	In this study the ester-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the water-permeable poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes prepared in our laboratory and the commercial Nafion 117, PERVAP 1201, and PERVAP 2216 membranes were used in the esterification of acetic acid with isobutanol catalyzed by Dowex 50W-X8 in a pervaporation membrane reactor process in order to shift the equilibrium by removal of relevant product from the reaction mixture. The effects of membrane type, the ratio of membrane area to reaction volume, and temperature were investigated. PERVAP 1201 membranes provided a higher water flux and higher selectivity than other hydrophilic membranes, but the highest fluxes were obtained using PDMS membrane, which selectively permeated isobutyl acetate compared to the other components. Increase in temperature and ratio of membrane area to reaction volume increased the conversion.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612391

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11644-11656

Titre :	Simulation study on the distillation of hyper - pseudoazeotropic HI – I2 – H2O mixture
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hanfei Guo, Auteur ; Seiji Kasahara, Auteur ; Kaoru Onuki, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11644-11656
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Distillation
Résumé :	The iodine-sulfur thermochemical water splitting process (I-S process) is considered to be one of the most promising clean and large-scale hydrogen production approaches. In the I-S process, the HI distillation step is considerably energy intensive, the heat of which largely affects the overall efficiency of hydrogen production. The present study explored the efficient operating parameters of the distillation column by process simulation assuming the feed solution of hyper-pseudoazeotropic composition which was obtainable by electro-electrodialysis. The Environmental Simulation Program (ESP), the chemical simulation software, was used for the simulation. At first, the vapor-liquid equilibrium database was validated using experimental data reported so far. Then, sensitivity analyses of the operating parameters were carried out, comprised of the HI mole fraction in the distillate, number of stages, feed location of the column, operating pressure, and feed composition. On the basis of the results of the sensitivity analyses, the optimum operation conditions were discussed.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612390

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11636–11643

Titre :	Evaluation of the performance of dialdehyde cellulose filters against airborne and waterborne bacteria and viruses
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Myung-Heui Woo, Auteur ; Jin-Hwa Lee, Auteur ; Sang-Gyou Rho, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11636–11643
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Dialdehyde cellulose
Résumé :	The filtration efficiency and the inactivation performance of a dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) filter against airborne and waterborne bacteria and viruses were investigated. The DAC filter was synthesized by periodate oxidation of a cellulose filter. To evaluate the performance, the inactivation efficiency (determined by comparing the concentration of viable microbes obtained from control and experimental samples) and the relative survival fraction (calculated by comparing the viable microbes from an untreated filter and a treated filter) were introduced. For water filtration tests, the viable removal efficiency and the relative survival fraction of untreated and treated filters of different treatment times were investigated by testing with E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage. The treated filter presented a slightly higher viable removal efficiency and a significantly lower relative survival fraction as treatment time increased. Increasing the residence time by lowering the filtration velocity resulted in a higher viable removal efficiency and lower survival fraction. In air filtration tests, the physical removal efficiency, viable removal efficiency, and relative survival fraction of untreated and 12-h treated filters were investigated. The removal efficiency and relative survival fraction of the treated filter increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing relative humidity. The pressure drop of the treated filter was significantly lower than that of the untreated filter, which resulted in a higher filter quality. The DAC filter with sufficient moisture content had a higher removal efficiency, lower pressure drop, and better disinfection capability, which are all important attributes for practical biocidal applications.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201502p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11628-11635

Titre :	Time – space decomposition - based generalized predictive control of a transport - reaction process
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ning Li, Auteur ; Chen Hua, Auteur ; Haifeng Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11628-11635
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Transport process Predictive control
Résumé :	This paper presents a generalized predictive control (GPC) strategy for a spatially distributed transport-reaction process based on time-space decomposition. First, the Karhunen-Loève (K-L) decomposition is used for time-space decomposition to find the principal spatial structures and to reduce the dimension of the data. Then, an autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model is identified using the excitation input signals and the temporal coefficients obtained by the K-L decomposition. A GPC strategy is investigated based on the ARX model, with or without considering the system constraints. Numerical simulations on a catalytic rod illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612388

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp 11620–11627

Titre :	Titania - coated magnetic composites as photocatalysts for phthalate photodegradation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Chiung-Fen Chang, Auteur ; Chang-Yi Man, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp 11620–11627
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Magnetic Composites
Résumé :	Bifunctional photocatalysts, namely, magnetic TiO2 composites (TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4, TSM), were prepared and used to degrade dimethyl phthalate (DMP), which is suspected of having endocrine-disrupting effects and a high potential to threaten aquatic environments. The main factor affecting the deposition of titania on the magnetic carrier (SiO2/Fe3O4) for the preparation of TSM composites investigated in this study was the water-to-titanium ratio (WTR) in the range of 60–250. The TSM composites were characterized by SQUID, TEM, XPS, XRD, UV absorption, and zeta potential analysis. The effects of the dosage of TSM composite and solution pH on the photodegradation of DMP were also investigated. The best water-to-titanium ratio for the synthesis of the thickest film of TiO2 on the magnetic carrier in a homogeneous nucleation system was determined to be WTR = 130. The obtained TSM composites were superparamagnetic and mainly exhibited the crystalline structure of the anatase phase. The energy gap and pHPZC of TSM130 were found to be 3.2 eV and 5.6, respectively. The degradation of DMP using TSM composites was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the calculated values of the rate constant were in the range of 0.0014–0.0037 min–1. Furthermore, the adsorption and the photodegradation efficiency of DMP were significantly affected by the solution pH value. A 1.2 g L–1 dosage of TSM130 in the photocatalytic system was found to ensure the most effective utilization and minimal detrimental scattering of radiation. The results led to the conclusion that TSM composites, which can be easily separated from solution by magnetic field, exhibit good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of DMP.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2014636

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11614-11619

Titre :	Design, preparation, and characterization of a novel hyper - cross - linked polyphosphamide polymer and its adsorption for phenol
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Fan-Xin Zeng, Auteur ; Wu-Jun Liu, Auteur ; Shi-Wei Luo, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11614-11619
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption Preparation Design
Résumé :	Polar organic compounds (POCs) are one of the main categories of pollutants in wastewater, and their effective removal is highly desirable. In this work a novel hyper-cross-linked polyphosphamide resin (HPR) with flexible structure and functional groups for POCs adsorption was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phenol, a typical POC, was used to test its adsorption amount. The experimental results showed that the polymer exhibited an excellent phenol adsorptive capacity of 516 mg g-1 in phenol aqueous solution, though its surface area was 14.5 m2 g-1 only. The influences of pH, contact time, and the zero point charges of adsorption were investigated. This research provides a new and effective approach to separate and recover phenols, especially at a high concentration, from wastewater.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612386

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11608-11613

Titre :	Protein adsorption on functionalized carbon nanotubes with a lactobionic amide amphiphile
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Wei Feng, Auteur ; Jing Xiao, Auteur ; Lili Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11608-11613
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption
Résumé :	A lactobionic amide amphiphile was synthesized and used to functionalize multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). The self-assembly of the amphiphile on the MWNTs was carried out in alcohol/water solutions. The functionalization of the MWNTs was investigated by means of ultraviolet, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies; X-ray diffraction; and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that alcohols can promote the self-assembly of the amphiphile on MWNTs and regulate the amount of amphiphile assembled. Lysozyme was adsorbed onto functionalized MWNTs. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra revealed that the conformation of lysozyme underwent no significant alteration upon adsorption.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612385

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11601-11607

Titre :	Growth Kinetics of Silver Bromide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Nonionic Surfactant Solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Minaketan Ray, Auteur ; Santanu Paria, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11601-11607
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Non ionic surfactant Nanoparticle Kinetics
Résumé :	The synthesis of silver bromide nanoparticles has been studied by many researchers because of their wide ranges of applications. This article reports on the growth kinetics of silver bromide nanoparticles in the presence and absence of aqueous nonionic surfactant media. The effects of different parameters such as the reactant concentration, the temperature, and the presence of a nonionic surfactant have also been studied It was found that these parameters have significant effects on the process of growth kinetics, as well as on the equilibrium particle size. In pure aqueous media, the particle size decreases with increasing reactant concentration. The presence of nonionic surfactant (TX-100) significantly lowers the AgBr particle size compared to that obtained in pure aqueous media.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612384

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11594-11600

Titre :	Crystal morphology of hydrogenated castor oil in the crystallization of oil - in - water emulsions : part II. effect of shear
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Dingzheng Yang, Auteur ; Andrew N. Hrymak, Auteur ; Musa R. Kamal, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11594-11600
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Shear Emulsion Crystallization Crystal morphology
Résumé :	Crystallization of hydrogenated castor oil-in-water emulsions has been studied by polarized light microscopy under controlled shear. Shear rates from 0 to 100 s-1 have been applied at cooling rates from 1 to 5 °C/min. Emulsions have been redispersed by shear before crystals formed. The higher the shear rate, the smaller the droplet size. Nucleation has been promoted with the increase of shear rate. Morphology analysis indicates that crystals in the form of fibers favor gentle shear, i.e., 1 s-1, but fibers can be broken up with the increase of shear time. Crystals as rosettes tend to become elongated in the flow direction. At lower cooling rate (<2 °C/min), mean crystal size decreases with shear rate.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612383

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11585-11593

Titre :	Crystal morphology of hydrogenated castor oil in the crystallization of oil - in - water emulsions : part I. effect of temperature
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Dingzheng Yang, Auteur ; Andrew N. Hrymak, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11585-11593
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Temperature effect Emulsion Crystallization Crystal morphology
Résumé :	Crystallization of hydrogenated castor oil-in-water emulsions has been studied by polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Three types of crystal morphologies have been observed: rosettes, fibers, and irregular crystals. The energy barrier to nucleation for fibers is suggested to be higher than that of rosettes. Irregular crystals are thermodynamically less stable and tend to transform into stable polymorphs. Under isothermal crystallization at a temperature of 70 °C, mainly rosettes are observed. With an increase of supercooling, by decreasing the temperature to 55 °C, more fibers form due to a lower energy barrier to nucleation. If the crystallization temperature is set to 45 °C, irregular crystals form first and then transform into rosettes. A nonisothermal crystallization study shows that at a cooling rate of 1 °C/min, more rosettes and fibers are produced compared to a higher cooling rate of 5 °C/min, which produces more irregular crystals.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612382

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11576-11584

Titre :	Kinetics of dry neutralization of dodecyl - benzenesulfonic acid with respect to detergent granulation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Marek Schongut, Auteur ; Zdenek Grof, Auteur ; Frantisek Stepanek, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11576-11584
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Granulation Neutralization Kinetics
Résumé :	Sodium dodecyl-benzenesulfonate, a common anionic surfactant used in powder detergents, is a product of the so-called "dry neutralization" reaction between dodecyl-benzenesulfonic acid and sodium carbonate. The acid acts not only as a reactant but also as a binder in a granulation process; the carbonate particle wetting by the acid droplets and the neutralization reaction occur simultaneously. In this work the reaction and wetting kinetics have been investigated by a macroscopic method of observing the behavior of an acid drop on a substrate pellet made from sodium carbonate. Wetting kinetics at three temperatures (20, 40, and 60 °C) were measured and expressed as a relationship between the three-phase contact line velocity and the instantaneous contact angle. The reaction rates were evaluated from the volume of CO2 gas evolved during the reaction. The kinetic parameters (temperature-dependent reaction rate constant and apparent diffusion coefficients) have been evaluated using a numerical model of coupled reaction and diffusion processes in the passivation layer. The results indicate that because of diffusion limitations the neutralization reaction takes place predominantly in the "wet" product layer rather than at the solid-liquid interface.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612381

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11570-11575

Titre :	Modeling the sodium recovery resulting from using concentrated caustic for boehmite dissolution
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Lenna A. Mahoney, Auteur ; Brian M. Rapko, Auteur ; Philip P. Schonewill, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11570-11575
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Dissolution Modeling
Résumé :	Boehmite dissolution experiments were conducted at NaOH concentrations of 10 and 12 M to determine whether the increased aluminum solubility at high hydroxide concentration would offset the increase in added sodium, causing a decrease in the amount of sodium added during boehmite dissolution. A shrinking-core dissolution rate model with a reversible reaction was fitted to the test data. The resulting model included the effects of temperature, hydroxide concentration, and dissolved aluminum concentration. The rate was found to depend on the ~1.5 power of hydroxide molarity. When the rate model was used to simulate batch boehmite dissolution, a concentration range of 7-9 M NaOH was found to minimize the mass of sodium needed to dissolve a given mass of aluminum, potentially reducing it by as much as two-thirds. The time required to dissolve the boehmite could be decreased by using hydroxide concentrations greater than ~10 M.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612380

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11563-11569

Titre :	Accelerated formation of methane hydrate in aluminum foam
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Liang Yang, Auteur ; Shuanshi Fan, Auteur ; Yanhong Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11563-11569
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Foam
Résumé :	The effects of aluminum foam (AF, average pore size of 1000 μm) on formation and growth kinetic behaviors of methane hydrate with 0.03 wt % sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were investigated in a 300 cm3 stainless steel vessel without stirring under 4.2, 6.0, and 8.3 MPa and 273.15 K. AF is a porous metal medium possessing large rough surface and excellent thermal conductivity. The experimental results demonstrated that porous AF played an acceleration role in the initial formation and further growth of methane hydrate by promoting hydrate nucleation and facilitating the removal of hydration heat. When AF was used, not only was the induction time reduced but the formation and growth were also sped up significantly, compared to conditions without it. In addition, under the above three pressures, the maximum formation rates (Rf,max) were increased by enormous times, 52% and 23%, with the help of AF, respectively. The relatively low increment of Rf,max under high pressure most likely was caused by AF's own limitations (pore size). AF with smaller pore size can be selected for further study.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612379

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11553-11562

Titre :	Continuous catalytic tar reforming of biomass derived raw gas with simultaneous catalyst regeneration
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Fredrik Lind, Auteur ; Martin Seemann, Auteur ; Henrik Thunman, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11553-11562
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalyst regeneration Biomass Reforming Catalytic reaction
Résumé :	A novel concept for secondary catalytic tar cleaning with simultaneous regeneration of the catalysts is presented in this work. The process is demonstrated by an initial experiment with producer gas from the Chalmers biomass gasifier using ilmenite (FeTiO3) as catalytic bed material. The tar cleaning system was operated at 800 °C and fed with raw gas from the Chalmers biomass gasifier, in which silica sand was used as bed material and the gasification was performed with steam. The tar content of the gas emerging from the gasifier was roughly 30 gtar/Nm3gas. The experiment showed that the catalyst was continuously regenerated from carbon deposits, and the ilmenite reduced the total amount of tar by 35% at a gas residence time in the bed of 0.4-0.5 s. Branched hydrocarbons and phenols were more or less completely reformed, while there was an increase of stable aromatic rings (benzene, naphthalene). The catalyst showed high activity in water-gas shift reactions, and the H2/CO ratio was shifted from around 0.7 prior to the reactor to almost 3 after the reactor.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612378

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11544-11552

Titre :	4 - Chlorophenol oxidation photocatalyzed by a calcined Mg – Al – Zn layered double hydroxide in a co - current downflow bubble column
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Eduardo Martín del Campo, Auteur ; Jaime Sanchez Valente, Auteur ; Thelma Pavon, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11544-11552
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Bubble column Downward flow Cocurrent flow Calcining Oxidation
Résumé :	The objective of this work is to study, for the first time, the photodegradation of 4chlorophenol (4CP) catalyzed by a calcined Mg-Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (MgAlZn LDHs) in a co-current downflow bubble column (CDBC) photoreactor at pilot scale. The effect of initial organic compound concentration (C4CP0), temperature (T), and mass catalyst over reaction rate (-r4CP) was elucidated. An intrinsic kinetic regime was established, and a single-site Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism was determined to occur during the organic compound oxidation. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and ultraviolet-visible light (UV/vis) spectrophotometry. The reaction progress was verified by UV/vis spectrophotometry and total organic carbon (TOC) content. Degradation and mineralization rate were found to be dependent on T and 4CP concentration. In the range of studied operating conditions, a maximum of 94% 4CP was degraded, while 70% total organic carbon removal was achieved.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612377

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11537–11543

Titre :	Mass - transfer behaviors in alcohol solutions in an internal - loop airlift reactor of 5 - m height
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhonghuo Deng, Auteur ; Tiefeng Wang, Auteur ; Nian Zhang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11537–11543
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Mass transfer
Résumé :	Gas–liquid mass-transfer behaviors in aqueous alcohol solutions were studied in an internal-loop airlift reactor of 5-m height and 0.28-m i.d. in the superficial gas velocity (Ug) range from 2.0 to 10.0 cm/s. Air and aqueous n-butanol solutions were used as the gas and liquid phases, respectively. It was found that the volumetric mass-transfer coefficient decreased with increasing n-butanol concentration (CA) below a critical CA value of 0.5 wt % and increased with increasing CA above this concentration. To confirm this result, further experiments were also carried out in a bubble column of 0.12-m i.d. at Ug = 6 cm/s, and similar results were obtained. Further analysis showed that the value of kla/αg was independent of the superficial gas velocity and equal to 0.21 1/s in the air–water system; however, it decreased with increasing CA up to 0.25 wt % in n-butanol solutions, and further addition of n-butanol had no effect on kla/αg. A critical CA value of 0.5 wt % was also found for the liquid-side mass-transfer coefficient (kl). Below this concentration, kl decreased with increasing CA, whereas above this concentration, further addition of n-butanol had no effect on kl.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2001988

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp 11528–11536

Titre :	Kinetic study of high - pressure carbonation reaction of calcium - based sorbents in the calcium looping process (CLP)
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Fu-Chen Yu, Auteur ; Liang-Shih Fan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp 11528–11536
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Kinetic Carbonation reaction
Résumé :	In this study, the high-pressure carbonation kinetics of calcium oxide (CaO) derived from three calcium-based sorbents, namely, limestone (CaCO3), calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), used in the calcium looping process (CLP) system were studied using a magnetic suspension balance (MSB) analyzer. Different total pressures (1000–15000 torr) and concentrations of CO2 (10–30%) were tested to determine their effects on the carbonation reaction rate at a specific operating temperature of the CLP system, namely, 700 °C. The carbonation reaction rate was found to increase with increasing concentration of CO2 (10–30%) at a constant total pressure of 5000 torr and to exhibit first-order kinetics. However, the total pressure has an effect on the carbonation reaction rate only at lower total pressures. With a 20% CO2 stream, the reaction rate was observed to increase until the total pressure reached 4000 torr, beyond which a further increase in total pressure had a negative effect on the rate of the carbonation reaction of CaO derived from all three precursors. Further, the carbonation reaction had a different reaction order with respect to the partial pressure of CO2. It was found that the reaction was first-order at lower total pressures but changed to zeroth-order when the total pressure exceeded 4000 torr. The different reaction order under elevated pressures can be explained by the Langmuir mechanism. In addition, the reaction rate of carbonation conducted at high total pressure was greater than that at atmospheric pressure, under cyclic testing. The results also showed that there was no significant difference in the behavior of the carbonation reaction of CaO at elevated pressures, regardless of the different precursors used to generate the CaO.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200914e

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11521-11527

Titre :	Kinetics of transesterification of methyl acetate and n - butanol catalyzed by ionic liquid
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xianbao Cui, Auteur ; Jialin Cai, Auteur ; Ying Zhang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11521-11527
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ionic liquid Catalytic reaction Transesterification Kinetics
Résumé :	The kinetic behavior and chemical equilibrium of the transesterification of methyl acetate with n-butanol catalyzed by an ionic liquid were investigated. The effects of reaction temperature, initial reactant molar ratio, and catalyst concentration on the reaction rate were studied. A reaction mechanism for transesterification catalyzed by ionic liquid is proposed based on Brønsted theory. Two different kinetic models, the ideal homogeneous (IH) model and the nonideal homogeneous (NIH) model, were used to correlate the kinetic data. The NIH model was able to describe the reaction rate reliably. The ionic liquid catalyst was compared with the conventional inorganic acid and ion-exchange resin catalysts sulfuric acid and Amberlyst 15, and it was found to be more active than the two conventional catalysts.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612374

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11511-11520

Titre :	Numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and cracking reactions in the feed mixing zone of a multiregime gas – solid riser reactor
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jieqing Gan, Auteur ; Hui Zhao, Auteur ; Abdallah S. Berrouk, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11511-11520
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Reactor Riser Gas solid Mixing Cracking Hydrodynamics Numerical simulation
Résumé :	A CFD simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of a novel multiregime gas-solid fluidized riser reactor that was designed to maximize the propylene yield from the catalytic cracking process. Simulation results of the industrial-scale riser reactor show the coexistence of different regimes in the reactor. Also, both the outlet product compositions and the reaction rate vectors indicate that the cracking reactions mainly take place in the feed injection section. The product quality and distribution demonstrate the superiority of this novel process technology. The results of the CFD simulations are in good agreement with the test run results of a real industrial FCC reactor.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612373

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11502-11510

Titre :	Optimization of Lipase Performance in Detergent Formulations for Hard Surfaces
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Encarnación Jurado, Auteur ; Miguel Garcia-Roman, Auteur ; Germán Luzon, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11502-11510
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Optimization
Résumé :	Lipases have been added to detergents in an attempt to develop more environmentally friendly and energy efficient products for triglyceride-based stains. However, more research is needed to improve the efficiency of lipase-containing detergents. In this work we have examined all the factors affecting lipase performance in detergent formulations, particularly for hard surface cleaning. Several issues, such as thermal and hydrodynamic stability, kinetic aspects, and surfactant compatibility, both in solution and at the oil/water interface, have been addressed and the conditions for an optimal performance have been established. The role of some stabilizers in preventing lipase deactivation has also been considered, and some insight on the mechanisms of lipase deactivation under washing conditions is provided. Finally, washing tests conducted in a continuous flow device which simulates a clean-in-place (CIP) system have demonstrated that, under optimal conditions, a reduction of the surfactant dosage was possible upon the incorporation of lipases in detergent formulations.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612372

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11495–11501

Titre :	Copper bis(oxazoline) encapsulated in zeolites and Its application as heterogeneous catalysts for the cyclopropanation of styrene
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ana Rosa Silva, Auteur ; Hélio Albuquerque, Auteur ; André Fontes, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11495–11501
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Zeolites Heterogeneous catalysts
Résumé :	A copper C2-symmetric bis(oxazoline), CuBox, was introduced in two forms of commercial Y zeolite: a sodium form (NaY) and an ultrastable form (NaUSY). CuBox was introduced by first partially exchanging the sodium cations of both zeolites for copper and then by refluxing the obtained materials with a solution of bis(oxazoline) (Box). Two different loadings were prepared for each form of zeolite. The materials were characterized by copper ICP-AES, elemental analysis, XPS, FTIR, TG, and nitrogen adsorption isotherms at −196 °C. Evidence for Box ligand location in the supercages of NaY and NaUSY zeolites and its coordination to the exchanged copper(II) was obtained by the several techniques used. The materials were all active in the cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyldiazoacetate at room temperature and diastereoselective toward trans cyclopropanes. Although the materials containing Box showed low enantioselectivities, their catalytic activities were higher than the parent copper exchanged zeolites, and did not decrease with reuse, at least during three consecutive cycles.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201178d

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11485–11494

Titre :	Mechanistic investigations on sonophotocatalytic degradation of textile dyes with surface active solutes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Chilukoti Balaji, Auteur ; Vijayanand S. Moholkar, Auteur ; Aniruddha B. Pandit, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11485–11494
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Sonophotocatalytic
Résumé :	In recent years, two advanced oxidation processes, namely, photocatalysis and sonolysis have been extensively investigated for the degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants. Simultaneous application of these two techniques, known as sonophotocatalysis has been found to give synergistic enhancement in degradation under specific experimental conditions. The present study attempts to establish the physical mechanism of sonophotocatalytic process by finding the synergy between two techniques that gives enhancement in degradation. Transient collapse of cavitation bubbles gives rise to light emission (known as sonoluminescence), which could provide activation of the photocatalyst. To test this hypothesis, we have conducted experiments on the basis of known effects of surface active solutes on sonoluminescence. Three different textile dyes have been chosen as model pollutants. Experiments have been conducted in the presence of three different surface active solutes, namely, SDS, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol. The rate of degradation reduces drastically with the addition of surface active solutes. The reduction in the degradation process ranges from 5-fold (for Acid Red B) to 20% (for Direct Blue 6) for SDS, while for alcohols much higher ( 10-fold) reduction is seen for all three dyes. It is revealed that the interaction between photocatalyst and sonolysis is merely of physical nature. The sonoluminescence light from cavitation bubbles is not able to activate the photocatalyst. The role of TiO2 is revealed to be only that of an adsorbent for the dyes. The degradation is caused mostly due to the radicals generated by the cavitation bubble, with negligible role of the radical generation from photocatalyst.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201127v

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11476-11484

Titre :	Preparation of polyurethane microencapsulated expandable graphite, and its application in ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer containing silica - gel microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Bibo Wang, Auteur ; Shuang Hu, Auteur ; Kuimin Zhao, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11476-11484
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Silica gel Preparation
Résumé :	Polyurethane miaoencapsulated expandable graphite (PUEG) is prepared by in situ polymerization, and its structure is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated PUEG is successfully prepared. The microencapsulated expandable graphite (EG) leads to an increase in the thermal stability and the expanded volume. The research compares the influence of an EG/ ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) system and a PUEG/silica-gel microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP)/EVA system on the flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The results indicated that EVA/MCAPP/PUEG composite possesses the same LOI value and UL-94 rating as those of EVA/APP/EG composite. However, the EVA/MCAPP/PUEG system can still pass a UL-94 V-0rating after being treated with 70 °C water for 168 h, indicating excellent water resistance. Because of good interfacial adhesion between fillers and the EVA matrix, the EVA/MCAPP/PUEG composite shows better mechanical and dynamic mechanical thermal properties than those of the EVA/APP/EG composite. Moreover, the electrical property and the combustion behavior of EVA composites are investigated.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612369

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11467-11475

Titre :	Surface characterization of iron - modified sepiolite by inverse gas chromatography
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Slavica Lazarevic, Auteur ; Ivona Jankovic-castvan, Auteur ; Antonije Onjia, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11467-11475
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gas chromatography
Résumé :	Inverse gas chromatography at infinite and finite surface coverages was applied to evaluate the surface properties of an iron-modified sepiolite sorbent, Fe-sepiolite. The adsorptions of different nonpolar and polar probes were measured in the infinite-dilution regime, in the temperature range 483-513 K. For the organic probes used, the thermodynamic parameters (free energy, enthalpy, and entropy) of adsorption and the dispersive and specific components ofthe free energy ofadsorption were determined and are discussed in terms of specific reactions that can occur on the adsorbent surface. Following the approach of Gutmann (The Donor-Acceptor Approach to Molecular Interactions; Plenum Press: New York, 1978), acid/base surface characteristics were determined. The adsorption isotherms of n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran were used to estimate the specific surface areas, isosteric heats of adsorption, and adsorption energy distributions for the adsorption of organic molecules.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24612368

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 20 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11463-11466

Titre :	Efficient synthesis of 3,4 - dihydropyrimidinones in 1 - n - Butyl - 3 - methylimidazolium tetrachloroindate (BMI · InCl4)
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jomy K. Joseph, Auteur ; Suman L. Jain, Auteur ; Sweety Singhal, Auteur
Année de publication :	2011
Article en page(s) :	pp. 11463-11466
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Dihydropyrimidinones Tetrachloroindate
Résumé :	1-n-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroindate (BMI·InCl4) was found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones in high yields under solvent-free conditions. The recovered ionic liquid phase could be reused for several runs without significant loss in activity. In addition, BMI·InCl4 is more stable toward water and air than its analogous 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroaluminate and, hence, easier to handle.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200522t

Industrial & engineering chemistry research / Paul, Donald R. . Vol. 50 N° 20

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