Catalogue en ligne Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12831-12843

Titre :	Predicting the viscosity of asymmetric hydrocarbon mixtures with the expanded fluid viscosity correlation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	H. Motahhari, Auteur ; M. A. Satyro, Auteur ; Harvey W. Yarranton, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12831-12843
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Correlation analysis Correlation Viscosity Prediction
Résumé :	Mass-based mixing rules are proposed for the Expanded Fluid viscosity correlation that are suitable for asymmetric mixtures and replace the original volumetric mixing rules. The Expanded Fluid correlation provides viscosity values as a function of fluid density and characterizes each pure compound with three fluid-specific parameters: c2, ρs° and c3, when using experimental densities and two parameters, c2, ρs°, when using a cubic equation of state. The proposed set of mixing rules predicts the viscosity of over 90 binary mixtures with overall average absolute relative deviations (AARD) of 2.9% and 7.8% using measured densities and densities estimated from an equation of state, respectively. To improve the predictions in equation of state applications, a binary interaction parameter is introduced to the mixing rules, compensating for inaccuracies associated with density predictions from simple cubic equations of state. Using fitted interaction parameters, the overall AARD is 3.6%. The binary interaction parameters are generalized as a function of the molecular weight and Watson K-factor. Using these generalized binary interaction parameters, the overall AARD is reduced to 5.4% for over 90 binary mixtures. The proposed mixing rules and the general binary interaction parameters correlations are also tested on an independent data set which includes 40 binary, ternary, and multicomponent mixtures. The overall AARDs are 8.4% using measured densities and 11.6 and 7.1% using equation-of-state based densities with zero and generalized binary interaction parameters, respectively.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745759

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12824-12830

Titre :	Chemical composition monitoring in a batch distillation process using raman spectroscopy
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hollie C. Struthers, Auteur ; Florian M. Zehentbauer, Auteur ; Ese Ono-Sorhue, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12824-12830
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Distillation Batchwise Surveillance Chemical composition
Résumé :	Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the batch distillation of an ethanol/water mixture in a sieve-plate column. The chemical composition of the top product was determined as a function of process time. Four different experimental runs with systematically varied heating and reflux strategies were studied. The results show that the reflux ratio influences the process timing as well as the product quality, whereas the heating strategy impacts the timing only. In the second part of this work, we demonstrate that the Raman technique can also be applied to hydrocarbon systems that are relevant in the oil and gas industries. For this purpose, hexane isomers and their mixtures were studied. The results show that, even though they exhibit very similar structure, the individual compounds can be identified and, moreover, quantified in a mixture. In conclusion, Raman spectroscopy is a useful and versatile tool for monitoring practical distillation processes.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745758

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12815-12823

Titre :	Hydrate equilibrium modeling for pure alkanes and mixtures of alkanes using statistical associating fluid theory
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hao Jiang, Auteur ; Hertanto Adidharma, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12815-12823
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Modeling
Résumé :	A recent version of Statistical Associating Fluid Theory, namely SAFT2, coupled with the van der Waals and Platteeuw model for the hydrate phase, is applied to represent the hydrate dissociation conditions for pure alkanes and their mixtures in systems without inhibitors. The proposed model is applied to both structure I and II hydrates at temperatures above and below the freezing point of water. For binary and ternary alkane mixtures, a correction factor with only one parameter is introduced to the model. The results indicate that, for these uninhibited systems, the proposed model predicts the hydrate dissociation conditions well and captures the effect of concentration on the dissociation pressure well.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745757

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12807-12814

Titre :	Phase equilibrium modeling of structure H clathrate hydrates of methane + water “insoluble” hydrocarbon promoter using group contribution - support vector machine technique
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ali Eslamimanesh, Auteur ; Gharagheizi, Farhad, Auteur ; Amir H. Mohammadi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12807-12814
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Promoter Clathrate Modeling Phase equilibrium
Résumé :	In this work, the group contribution (GC) method is coupled with the least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) mathematical algorithm to develop a model for representation/prediction of the dissociation conditions of structure H (sH) clathrate hydrates of methane with 21 hydrocarbon promoters namely as water "insoluble" promoters. Almost all of available literature data are studied to present a reliable model validated by the following statistical parameters: absolute average relative deviations (AARD) of the represented/predicted dissociation pressures from the reported experimental values: about 1.6%, and squared correlation coefficient: 0.99.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745756

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12797–12806

Titre :	Interaction of sulfate - reducing bacteria and carbon steel Q 235 in biofilm
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Cheng Sun, Auteur ; Jin Xu, Auteur ; Fuhui Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12797–12806
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon Steel
Résumé :	The effect of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) on corrosion of carbon steels and interaction between SRB and the carbon steel Q 235 are investigated in soil-extract solutions (SES). The results show that corrosion rates are smaller in the SES with SRB during growing period of SRB, but bigger during dying period. The procedures of interactions of SRB and the steel are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). SRB do not aggregate on the surface of the steel until an anaerobic space is formed. SRB defend themselves against free oxygen by absorbing substances containing nonfree oxygen.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200952y

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12790–12796

Titre :	Prediction of flash points of organosilicon compounds by structure group contribution approach
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gow-Bin Wang, Auteur ; Chan-Cheng Chen, Auteur ; Horng-Jang Liaw, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12790–12796
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Organosilicon compounds
Résumé :	Flash point (FP) is the primary property to evaluate fire hazards of a flammable liquid. In most countries regulations for safe handing, transporting, and storage of liquid chemicals mainly depend on the FPs of liquid chemicals. Due to the advancement of technology in discovery or synthesis of new compounds, FP data are desirable for related industries, but there is often a significant gap between the demand for such data and their availability. Thus, a reliable method to predict the FPs of flammable compounds seems very important in this regard. In the present work a predictive model of FP for organosilicon compounds is proposed via the structure group contribution (SGC) approach. This model is built up by using a training set of 184 organosilicon compounds with the fitting ability (R2) of 0.9330, the average error of 8.91 K, and the average error in percentage of 2.84%. The predictive capability of the proposed model has been demonstrated on a testing set of 46 organosilicon compounds with the predictive capability (Q2) of 0.8868, the average error of 11.15 K, and the average error in percentage of 3.66%. Because the known error for measuring FP by experiment is reported to be about 6–10 K, the proposed method offers a reasonable estimate of the FP for organosilicon compounds. Moreover, the proposed SGC model requires only the molecular structure of a compound to estimate its FP, so it also offers an effective way to approximate the FP of a novel chemical for which its quantity is still not readily available for measuring its FP by experiments.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201132v

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12784-12789

Titre :	Continuous solventless extrusion process for producing sodium carboxymethyl starch suitable for disintegrant applications in solid dosage forms
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pratik N. Bhandari, Auteur ; Milford A. Hanna, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12784-12789
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Extrusion
Résumé :	Sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) was prepared using an extruder as a continuous solventless chemical reactor. The effects of NaOH, H2O, temperature, ethanol, sodium monochloro acetate (SMCA), sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), citric acid, epichlorohydrin, and screw configuration on the degree of substitution (DS) and swelling properties of CMS were studied. Using these factors, CMS with the DS required for pharmaceutical disintegrant applications (0.22-0.35) was prepared. By modifying the water/ethanol ratio in the formulations and avoiding excess gelatinization caused by use of NaOH solution, CMS with rapid swelling properties in an aqueous medium, essential for superdisintegrant applications in solid dosage forms, was obtained. Both corn and potato starches were used to prepare the CMS. The carboxymethyl starch, with rapid swelling properties, was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745753

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12774–12783

Titre :	Graph- based method for the automated calculation of thermochemical properties of components and intermediate species in the hydroprocessing of light oil fractions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ytalo O. Dávila G., Auteur ; Jorge M. Martinis C., Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12774–12783
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thermochemical properties Hydroprocessing
Résumé :	A method based on graph theory has been formulated to estimate some key thermochemical properties commonly utilized in modeling acid-catalyzed transformations of hydrocarbons at the elementary step level. Presently, modeling techniques for these transformations frequently convey the computer-aided generation of reaction networks involving a very large number of molecules and intermediate species such as carbenium ions. Although quantum mechanical calculations have been widely used to estimate thermodynamic properties of carbenium ions accurately, the current performance of such techniques is yet insufficient for very large sets of species. The proposed method handles this problem by simply analyzing the connectivity of the carbon atoms within a molecule, which is less demanding from a computational point of view. Thus, it is possible to obtain information on the contributions from different structural groups and their indistinguishability, making property estimation straightforward. This work presents a set of rules for calculating the symmetry numbers of hydrocarbons with up to 2 rings, and Benson-like structural contribution groups for estimating the enthalpy of carbenium ions.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie101657v

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12767-12773

Titre :	Three - liquid - phase extraction : a new approach for simultaneous enrichment and separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI)
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Keng Xie, Auteur ; Kun Huang, Auteur ; Liangrong Yang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12767-12773
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Liquid phase
Résumé :	A novel and simple three-liquid-phase extraction (TLPE) approach was developed for the simultaneous removal and separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. The proposed three-liquid-phase system (TLPS) consists of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with a molecularweight of 2000, and (NH4)2SO4. The effects of various factors including the aqueous solution pH, amounts of (NH4)2SO4 and PEG, initial chromium amount, D2EHPA concentration, phase-mixing time, and diluent on the three-phase partitioning behavior of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were evaluated. The distribution behavior of the two oxidation states of chromium was found to be highly pH-dependent. Cr(III) preferred the D2EHPA-rich top phase through a cation-exchange reaction, whereas Cr(VI) was enriched in the PEG-rich middle phase through ion-pair formation. By appropriate selection of the extraction conditions, nearly all of the Cr(III) was extracted into the D2EHPA top phase, and more than 90% of the Cr(VI) was transferred into the PEG-rich middle phase within 5 min. The present work highlights the possibility of using the TLPE approach for the extraction and separation of two different oxidation states of metal ions, such as Cr(III) and Cr(VI), in a single extraction step.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745751

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12757-12766

Titre :	A new algorithm for the determination of product sequences in azeotropic batch distillation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Laszlo Hegely, Auteur ; Peter Lang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12757-12766
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Distillation Batchwise Azeotropic mixture Algorithm
Résumé :	In multicomponent azeotropic mixtures (e.g., waste solvents), the products obtainable by batch distillation and their maximal amount is highly dependent on the charge composition. A method is presented for the determination of product sequences for any number of components based only on the temperatures of pure components and azeotropes, and azeotropic compositions, without the knowledge of further VLE data. The method is suitable for heteroazeotropes and for taking pressure change into consideration, as well. The stability of fixed points is determined with the assumption that Serafimov topological class of the mixture occurs in Reshetov's statistics. On the basis of the stabilities, we enumerate all feasible product sequences using the algorithm of [Ahmad, B. S.; Zhang, Y.; Barton, P. 1. Product Sequences in Azeotropic Batch Distillation. AlChE Journal 1998, 44, 5, 1051-1070.]. Finally, the relative amount of cuts are determined assuming maximal separation for the given charge composition. The results are presented for the systems acetone-chloroform-methanol-ethanol-benzene and methanol-tetrahydrofuran-ethyl acetate—ethanol—isopropyl alcohol-water.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745750

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12750-12756

Titre :	Chiral resolution of Ionic compounds by thin layer extraction
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ram Lavie, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12750-12756
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ionic compounds
Résumé :	The increasing demand for enantiomer intermediates has attracted in recent years attention to liquid–liquid extraction as a scalable chiral resolution method. Thin layer extraction, a simple and effective form of liquid–liquid extraction that uses little extractant, promises economic utilization of the most selective chiral hosts. The role played by various parameters when applying thin layer extraction to the resolution of an ionic racemic mixture into its enantiomer components is analyzed. This analysis provides a critical insight that facilitates the design of a successful separation scheme. It transpires that, given a suitable host, certain conditions concerning the host concentration and the pH and rate of the feed and strip solutions must be balanced to obtain optimum enantioseparation or even to obtain any separation at all. A calculated example that is based on experimental data from the published literature indicates that a simple thin layer extractor, using a crown ether host, is capable of separating an ionic racemic mixture into substantially pure enantiomer products at a high yield. It appears that thin layer extraction has some promising features to become an interesting alternative for other extraction-based techniques.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201596n

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12741–12749

Titre :	High temperature CaO/Y2O3 carbon dioxide absorbent with enhanced stability for sorption - enhanced reforming applications
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	V. S. Derevschikov, Auteur ; A. I. Lysikov, Auteur ; A. G. Okunev, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12741–12749
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Reforming Sorption Stability Absorbent Carbon dioxide
Résumé :	To improve the stability of high temperature CO2 absorbent for sorption enhanced reforming applications yttria supported CaO were synthesized using two methods: calcination of mixed salt precursors and wet impregnation of yttria support. According to XRD data, CaO does not interact with the yttria matrix. However, introduction of CaO drastically changes the morphology of primary yttria particles. Increase in CaO concentration results in gradual plugging of the smaller pores and sintering of yttria support. The CO2 absorption uptake in recarbonation-decomposition cycles increases with increase in CaO content and reach 9.6 wt % at CaO content of 19.9 wt %. CaO recarbonation extent varies from 49 to 77%. CaO/Y2O3 absorbents are extremely stable under overheating and maintain their capacity in long series of decomposition-recarbonation cycles even after calcination at 1350 °C. The novel material resists moisture and retains its strength during storage in the air. According to tests, CaO/Y2O3 can be considered as a promising CO2 absorbent for fixed bed sorption enhanced hydrocarbons reforming.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745748

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12735–12740

Titre :	Selective extraction of palladium and platinum from hydrochloric acid solutions by trioctylammonium - based mixed ionic liquids
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shoichi Katsuta, Auteur ; Yuki Yoshimoto, Auteur ; Miho Okai, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12735–12740
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ionic liquid Selective extraction
Résumé :	Mixtures of the protic ionic liquids trioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([TOAH][NTf2]) and trioctylammonium nitrate ([TOAH][NO3]) were investigated as extractants for platinum-group elements. The mixture of 10wt% [TOAH][NO3] in [TOAH] [NTf2] has low viscosity (274.2 mPas) and low aqueous solubility (2.6 x 10-5 mol dm-3 as the cation). With the ionic liquid mixture, Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were extracted almost quantitatively from 0.10 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Under the same conditions, Na(I), Mg(II), K(I), Ca(II), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ru(III), Rh(III), and Cd(II) were only slightly extracted. It was found that the extraction of Pd and Pt increases with increasing content of [TOAH][NO3] in the mixture. The metals could be back-extracted from the ionic liquid mixture with nitric acid solution, and selective stripping of Pt was possible by controlling the concentration of nitric acid. The metal extractability of the ionic liquid mixture after the back-extraction was equivalent to that of the fresh mixture, indicating that the species composition of the mixture returned to the original state through the back-extraction process. This extraction system provides an efficient separation method for Pd and Pt in acidic chloride media using ionic liquid mixtures, which are recyclable, easy to handle, safe, and environmentally friendly.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745747

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12727–12734

Titre :	Oxygen permeation through U - shaped K2NiF4 - type oxide hollow - fiber membranes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yanying Wei, Auteur ; Jun Tang, Auteur ; Lingyi Zhou, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12727–12734
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hollow fiber Permeation
Résumé :	The first oxygen permeation data for a dense hollow-fiber membrane based on a K2NiF4-type oxide are reported. The U-shaped (Pr0.9La0.1)2(Ni0.74Cu0.21Ga0.05)O4+δ (PLNCG) hollow-fiber membranes were prepared by a phase-inversion spinning process. The dependences of the oxygen permeation on the feed air flow rate, sweep helium flow rate, oxygen partial pressure on the shell side, and operating temperature were experimentally investigated. The effects of the bulk diffusion and the surface exchange on the oxygen permeation flux through the U-shaped PLNCG hollow-fiber membranes are also discussed. During around 320 h of operation, a steady oxygen permeation flux of 1.0 mL/(min·cm2) was obtained at 975 °C under conditions of an air feed flow rate of 180 mL/min and a helium sweep flow rate of 55 mL/min. XRD and SEM analyses of the spent hollow-fiber membrane showed the good stability of the U-shaped PLNCG hollow-fiber membranes.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745746

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12717-12726

Titre :	Characterization of natural zeolite membranes for H2/CO2 separations by single gas permeation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	S. A. Hosseinzadeh Hejazi, Auteur ; A. M. Avila, Auteur ; T. M. Kuznicki, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12717-12726
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Membrane separation Gaseous permeation Carbon dioxide Zeolite Inorganic membrane
Résumé :	Natural zeolite membranes can be used as a model for the development of robust molecular sieve membranes with superior separation characteristics. We describe the characterization of natural clinoptilolite membranes made from dense mineral deposits by single gas H2 and CO2 permeation. Permeability values as a function of temperature and pressure were analyzed on the basis of mass transport fundamentals of gas permeation through zeolite and nonzeolite pathways. H2 and CO2 fluxes through the membranes were fitted with a model based on a combination of zeolitic, Knudsen, and viscous transports so that the selective and nonselective flux fractions could be quantified. An increase in feed pressure increased the total permeance especially at low temperatures. The membranes were also characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745745

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12706-12716

Titre :	Design and control of the glycerol tertiary butyl ethers process for the utilization of a renewable resource
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jian Kai Cheng, Auteur ; Cheng-Lin Lee, Auteur ; Yong-Tang Jhuang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12706-12716
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Design
Résumé :	In this paper, the design and control of an improved process for the manufacture of a fuel additive (glycerol tertiary butyl ethers, GTBE) from glycerol and isobutylene is developed. The improved process redirects one recycle stream, uses a stripping column instead of a flash tank to recover isobutylene, and uses a rectifying column instead of a distillation column to purify the product. Economic analysis shows that the improved process has a 22% lower total annual cost (TAC) than the best known process published in the literature. Significant increases in the selectivity of the overall process from 84.7% to 99.3% can also be realized by comparing the optimized improved design versus the original design. Dynamic simulations were also conducted and indicated that stringent product specification can be met with a simple decentralized feedback control structure despite impurities in the feed streams and also changes in the throughput.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2010516

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12694–12705

Titre :	Remixing control for divided - wall columns
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hao Ling, Auteur ; Zhi Cai, Auteur ; Hao Wu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12694–12705
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Energy saving
Résumé :	The divided-wall column is an energy-saving promising technology for the separation of ternary mixtures, but control is difficult because of its complexity structure and interactions of control loops. Although a few control methods have been reported, the general control method for all ternary mixtures is still pending because of the difference of relative volatilities. In this work, we explore a new control structure by control the remixing of the intermediate at the top trays in the prefractionator section for the separation of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene. It is found that avoiding the remixing of toluene helps the divided-wall column work very close to the optimal conditions. The remixing of toluene is studied at steady state first. Then, a remixing control structure with one remixing control loop and three composition control loops is presented. Minimized energy consumption is achieved by avoiding the remixing of toluene at the top of the prefractionator. Disturbances in feed flow rate and feed compositions are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control structure. Remixing profile analysis of intermediate compounds gives an easy and new way to design and control the divided-wall column at energy saving conditions.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201610g

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12678-12693

Titre :	Rigorous global optimization for dynamic systems subject to inequality path constraints
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yao Zhao, Auteur ; Mark A. Stadtherr, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12678-12693
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Optimization
Résumé :	A new approach is described for the rigorous global optimization of dynamic systems subject to inequality path constraints (IPCs). This method employs the sequential (control parametrization) approach and is based on techniques developed for the verified solution of parametric systems of ordinary differential equations. These techniques provide rigorous interval bounds on the state variables, and thus on the path constraints and objective function in the dynamic optimization problem. These techniques also provide explicit analytic representations (Taylor models) of these bounds in terms of the decision variables in the optimization problem. This facilitates the use of constraint propagation techniques that can greatly reduce the domain to be searched for the global optimum. Since IPCs are often related to safety concerns, we adopt a conservative, inner-approximation approach to constraint satisfaction. Through this approach, the search for the global optimum is restricted to a space in which continuous satisfaction of the IPCs is rigorously guaranteed, and an ∈-global optimum within this space is determined. Examples are presented that demonstrate the potential and computational performance of this approach.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745742

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12664-12677

Titre :	Mass integration as a design heuristic : improvements in the HDA process
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Carlos D. Fischer, Auteur ; Oscar A. Iribarren, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12664-12677
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Mass integration Design
Résumé :	This paper explores mass exchanging the outlet and inlet streams of a reactor, as a design heuristic within the hierarchical process design procedure by Douglas [AlChE J. 1985, 31 (3), 353-361 and Conceptual Design of Chemical Processes; McGraw-Hill, 1988], who worked on the HDA process to test the proposal. The heuristic is used at an early stage of the hierarchy, when deciding the recycle and separation system structure of the process. If the reaction requires operating conditions with reactants in excess or that catalyze the reaction, which must be removed after the reaction, there is a concentration gradient between the inlet and outlet streams that may be used as the driving force in a mass exchanger (if such a device is available for the particular case). When applied to the HDA process, this methodology generated alternatives different from the previously proposed by other authors by resorting to a ceramic membrane gas permeation unit to perform the mass exchange of hydrogen. The performance of applying the heuristic was tested comparing the flow sheets proposed by several authors with and without this mass exchanger. The success of implementing this mass exchange networks synthesis concept was dependent on the concentration of the component to be transferred in the rich stream (i.e., it works if there is an appropriate driving force).
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745741

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12641-12663

Titre :	Integrated energy optimization model for oil sands operations
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Alberto Betancourt-Torcat, Auteur ; Gloria Gutierrez, Auteur ; Ali Elkamel, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12641-12663
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Tar sand Modeling Optimization
Résumé :	This article presents a new energy model that predicts the energy infrastructure required to maintain oil production in the Canadian Oil Sands operation at minimum cost. Previous studies in this area have focused on the energy infrastructure for fixed energy demands (i.e., the production schemes that produce synthetic crude oil (SCO) and commercial diluted bitumen remained fixed in the calculation of the optimal infrastructure). The key novelty of this work is that the model searches simultaneously for the most suitable set of oil production schemes and the corresponding energy infrastructures that satisfy the total production demands under environmental constraints, namely, CO2 emissions targets. The proposed modeling tool was validated using historical data and previous simulations of the Canadian Oil Sands operation in 2003. Likewise, the proposed model was used to study the 2020 Canadian Oil Sands operations under three different production scenarios. Also, the 2020 case study was used to show the effect of CO2 capture constraints on the oil production schemes and the energy producers. The results show that the proposed model is a practical tool for determining the production costs of the Canadian Oil Sands operations, evaluating future production schemes and energy demand scenarios, and identifying the key parameters that affect Canadian Oil Sands operations.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745740

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12630-12640

Titre :	Thermodynamic - analysis - based energy consumption minimization for natural gas liquefaction
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Meiqian Wang, Auteur ; Zhang, Jian, Auteur ; Qiang Xu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12630-12640
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Liquefaction Natural gas Energy consumption Thermodynamic analysis
Résumé :	The natural gas liquefaction process is an important sector of the overall liquefied natural gas (LNG) value chain. In this article, a thermodynamic-analysis-based study of the mutimization of the energy consumption of a typical natural gas liquefaction process is performed. First, a rigorous simulation of the natural gas liquefaction process is conducted. According to the simulation results, the operating states of the refrigerant and natural gas streams are revealed, along with the operating conditions of the entire liquefaction process. Then, the energy consumption roadmap is determined through in-depth thermodynamic analysis, where the opportunities for energy consumption minimization are identified. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, a rigorous optimization model is developed and solved for energy consumption reduction of the same natural gas liquefaction process. Finally, the optimization results are examined again through rigorous simulation to check the feasibility of the obtained optimal solution.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745739

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12626-12629

Titre :	Parameter - based model for the forecasting of pipe corrosion in refinery plants
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Seungnam Kim, Auteur ; Junghwan Kim, Auteur ; Il Moon, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12626-12629
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Refinery Corrosion Modeling
Résumé :	Corrosion of devices and pipes in refinery and petrochemical plants cause problems like deterioration of process efficiency and equipment reliability etc. Hence, a suitable technology is required to prevent accident caused by corrosion and raise process efficiency by forecasting the degree of corrosion. The corrosion problems on the top of the distillation column are more serious due to corrosive substances like hydrogen sulfide and chlorine etc. Therefore, in this study, corrosion rate was forecasted and applied through analysis of the corrosion mechanism on the top of refinery distillation column and the validity of the model was checked using the actual data.: considering interference effect caused by competitive reactions between caustic substances. The four components that affect corrosion the most, H2S, CO2, H+, and Cl-, were selected through analysis of the mechanism of corrosion on the top of refinery distillation tower. The model for the analysis of corrosion mechanism was analyzed in the viewpoint of transport phenomenon and reaction engineering, and parameters were estimated with the use of least-squares method.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745738

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12617–12625

Titre :	Thermodynamic analysis of solid – liquid phase equilibria of nitrate salts
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Scott M. Davison, Auteur ; Amy C. Sun, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12617–12625
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thermodynamic
Résumé :	In this work, we analyze solid–liquid phase equilibria of molten nitrate salt mixtures. Molten salts are used as heat transfer fluids within concentrated solar power systems. Further understanding of the thermophysical properties of the salt solutions is integral to designing the newest generation of solar power systems. We make use of classical thermodynamics to quickly model the phase equilibrium of mixtures of nitrate salts. This modeling work can serve as a complement to existing experimental efforts in identifying appropriate multicomponent salt mixtures for solar power applications. We present phase calculations of ternary and quaternary mixtures of LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, and CsNO3 modeled using the Wilson equation for liquid phase activity coefficients and binary solid–liquid equilibrium data.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200581g

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12606-12616

Titre :	Screening metal – organic framework - based mixed - matrix membranes for CO2/CH4 separations
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ilknur Erucar, Auteur ; Seda Keskin, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12606-12616
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon dioxide
Résumé :	In this study, the challenge of selecting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as filler particles in high-performance mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) was examined using atomistic and continuum modeling. We tested several theoretical permeation models, including the Maxwell, modified Maxwell, Bruggeman, Lewis-Nielson, Pal, Felske, and modified Felske models, by comparing the predictions of these models with the experimental data for IRMOF-1/Matrimid and CuBTC/Matrimid MMMs. After identifying the model making the best predictions, we examined the performance of 80 new MOF-based MMMs composed of 10 different MOFs and eight different polymers for CO2/CH4 separations. Our results show that selecting the appropriate MOF as filler particles in polymers can result in MMMs with extraordinarily high CO2 selectivities and CO2 permeabilities relative to those of pure polymer membranes. The methods introduced in this study will create many opportunities for selecting MOF/polymer combinations for MMMs with useful properties for CO2 separation applications.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745736

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12596–12605

Titre :	Effects of nonsolvent molecular structure and its content on the formation of the macroporous polyarylate layer coated onto the polyethylene separator
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sang Chul Roh, Auteur ; Kwon Won Song, Auteur ; C. K. Kim, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12596–12605
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Macroporous Polyethylene
Résumé :	A macroporous polyarylate (PAR) layer was formed on a polyethylene (PE) separator from coating solutions containing PAR, tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the solvent, and various alcohols (or diols) as nonsolvents via a nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) process. The effects of the nonsolvent molecular structure and its content on the morphology of the coating layer were explored. Droplets grew by a coarsening process after the onset of phase separation by solvent evaporation, and then leveled off at a fixed droplet size. The final pore size increased with the molecular weight of the alcohol (or diol) when the composition of the coating solution was fixed. It increased as the nonsolvent content in the coating solution increased, while it decreased as the PAR content in the coating solution increased. The meltdown temperature of the separator increased with the macroporous PAR coating, while air permeability of the separator was reduced with the coating. Changes in the meltdown temperature and air permeability depended on the morphology of the coating layer.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201716m

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12587-12595

Titre :	Additive - driven dissolution enhancement of colloidal silica. 1. basic principles and relevance to water treatment
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Konstantinos D. Demadis, Auteur ; Eleftheria Mavredaki, Auteur ; Maria Somara, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12587-12595
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Water treatment Dissolution Additive
Résumé :	The effect of various chemical additives (small molecules and polymers) on the dissolution of two kinds of colloidal silica (Aerosil 200 and laboratory-synthesized, SSD) is systematically studied at pH 10. The silica scale dissolvers tested are 5-carbosybenzotriazole (CBZT), amino-tris(methylene phosphonic acid) (AMP), a phosphino-polycarboxylic acid (PPCA), diethylenetriamine pentacarboxylic acid (DETPA), a proprietary polymer (Genesol 40), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), ethylenediamine-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP), phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarbosylic acid (PBTC), sodium metaborate, and N-phosphonomethylimino-diacetic acid (PMIDA). Of the polymeric additives only Genesol 40 shows some dissolution activity, dissolving ~280 ppm silica at 10000 ppm dosage after 72 h. PBTC and DETPA are the best-performing additives of all those tested. PBTC is effective even at the 2500 ppm dosage, as it solubilizes ~290 ppm silica after 72 h. Its efficiency is dosage-dependent. DETPA is also an effective silica dissolver. Its behavior is similar to that of PBTC. Its best dosage is 7500 ppm, which yields dissolution of 322 ppm silica (after 24 h), 340 ppm (after 48 h), and 333 ppm (after 72 h). SSD silica is a very recalcitrant deposit showing resistance to dissolution even by the most effective additives, PBTC and DETPA.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745734

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12579–12586

Titre :	Isothermal and nonisothermal cold crystallization behaviors of biodegradable poly (l-lactide) / octavinyl - polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes nanocomposites
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jing Yu, Auteur ; Zhaobin Qiu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12579–12586
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Crystallization Biodegradable Nanocomposites
Résumé :	Isothermal and nonisothermal cold crystallization behaviors of biodegradable poly(l-lactide) (PLLA)/octavinyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (ovi-POSS) nanocomposites at low ovi-POSS loadings were investigated in this work. For both neat PLLA and its nanocomposites, the overall isothermal cold crystallization rates increase with increasing crystallization temperature; moreover, the overall isothermal cold crystallization rates of PLLA increase with increasing the ovi-POSS loading in the nanocomposites relative to neat PLLA, indicative of the nucleating agent effect of ovi-POSS. Crystallization mechanism and crystal structure of PLLA remain unchanged despite the ovi-POSS loading. For the nonisothermal cold crystallization, the crystallization process of PLLA is accelerated by increasing both heating rate and the ovi-POSS loading. The Ozawa equation failed to fit the crystallization process, while the Tobin equation could describe it well. The activation energies of nonisothermal cold crystallization were calculated by the Kissinger method, which increase with increasing the ovi-POSS loading in the nanocomposites relative to neat PLLA.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201691y

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12572–12578

Titre :	Fiber quality analysis : op test fiber quality analyzer versus L&W fiber tester
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Bin Li, Auteur ; Rohan Bandekar, Auteur ; Quanqing Zha, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12572–12578
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Fiber quality analyzer
Résumé :	In this paper, the measurements from OpTest FQA (fiber quality analyzer) and L&W Fiber Tester were compared on 95 TMP (thermomechanical pulp) samples from a TMP-based newsprint mill in Eastern Canada that uses mixed black spruce and balsam fir as raw material. It was found that both FQA and L&W Fiber Tester provide repeatable measurements for fiber length, fines, coarseness, curl, and kink index. However, there were significant differences in the results obtained from the two instruments. Compared to FQA, the L&W Fiber Tester measurements were on average 59% higher for the arithmetic mean fiber length and arithmetic fines content, about 6% higher for the length weighted mean fiber length, approximately 44% lower for the coarseness, and about 37% lower for the kink index.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201631q

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12562–12571

Titre :	Polypyrrole coated thermally exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets and the effect of oxygen surface groups on the interaction of platinum catalysts with graphene - based nanocomposites
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Burcu Saner Okan, Auteur ; Alp Yurum, Auteur ; Neylan Gorgulu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12562–12571
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalysts Nanocomposites
Résumé :	Expanded graphite oxide (GO) synthesized by graphite oxidation and thermal expansion was exposed to ultrasonic vibration to obtain graphite nanoplatelets (GNFs). Then, expanded GO as conductive filler was dispersed in polypyrrole matrix in order to be utilized as catalyst support. Electrical conductivities and polymer thickness of GNF-based composites were tailored at different feeding mass ratios. Thermal expansion led to the removal of oxygen functional groups on the surface, and the C/O ratio increased to 6. The highest C/O ratio had less hydrophilic carbon surface, and this decreased the interaction of Pt particles with support. When comparing Pt deposition behavior of GO, expanded GO, graphene nanosheets, and their composites, the results showed that Pt dispersion increased with increasing amount of oxygen functional groups on the surface of the samples. This work was the first comprehensive and quantitative investigation on the relationship between Pt dispersion and surface oxygen functional groups of graphene-based nanocomposites.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201613f

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12556–12561

Titre :	Amphiphilic interpenetrating networks for the delivery of hydrophobic, low molecular weight therapeutic agents
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Cody A. Schoener, Auteur ; Heather N. Hutson, Auteur ; Grace K. Fletcher, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12556–12561
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrophobic
Résumé :	To investigate the delivery of hydrophobic therapeutic agents, a novel class of interpenetrating networks (IPNs) was synthesized and composed of two networks: methacrylic acid grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) tethers, P(MAA-g-EG) and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA). The hydrophilic P(MAA-g-EG) networks are pH-responsive hydrogels capable of triggered release of an encapsulated therapeutic agent, such as a low molecular weight drug or a protein, when it passes from the stomach (low pH) to the upper small intestine (neutral pH). PBA is a hydrophobic homopolymer that can affect the IPN swelling behavior, the therapeutic agent loading efficiencies in IPNs, and solute release profiles from IPNs. In dynamic swelling conditions, IPNs had greater swelling ratios than P(MAA-g-EG), but in equilibrium swelling conditions the IPN swelling ratio decreased with increasing PBA content. Loading efficiencies of the model therapeutic agent fluorescein ranged from 21–44%. Release studies from neat P(MAA-g-EG) and the ensuing IPNs indicated that the transition from low pH (2.0) to neutral pH (7.0) triggered fluorescein release. Maximum fluorescein release depended on the structure and hydrophilicity of the carriers used in these studies.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201593h

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp 12548–12555

Titre :	Effect of organoclay reinforcement on lignin - based carbon fibers
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	W. Qin, Auteur ; J. F. Kadla, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp 12548–12555
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon fiber
Résumé :	Organoclay reinforced carbon fibers were prepared from pyrolytic lignin isolated from a commercial bio-oil. Organoclay reinforcement improved the tensile strength of the pyrolytic lignin based carbon fibers by 12% at clay loadings below 2 wt %. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis of the composite as-spun fibers revealed the successful intercalation of the organoclays (Cloisite 20A and 30B), which helped develop a more ordered structure after carbonization. However, only the 1.0 wt % Cloisite 30B as-spun fibers showed an increase in Young's modulus, while all other as-spun fibers remained unchanged. By contrast, all of the carbon fibers showed a drop in young's modulus (by 16-38%) upon addition of organoclay, decreasing as organoclay content increased. This is likely due to the presence of microvoids in the carbon fiber as well as the lack of preferred orientation of clay platelets along the fiber axis.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745729

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12542-12547

Titre :	Morphological evolution from SnO2 quantum dots to quantum chains inside channels of mesoporous spheres
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Feng Gu, Auteur ; Xiang Ren, Auteur ; Zhang, Jian, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12542-12547
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Morphological quantum Mesoporous
Résumé :	Morphological evolution from SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) to quantum chains (QCs) confined in channels of mesoporous silica (MS) has been studied systematically in this work by varying the nuclei quantity deposited on the channels’ inner surface under hydrothermal conditions. Decreasing the MS amounts could influence the nuclei quantity and the subsequent crystal growth as well as the assembly process to form QCs by oriented attachment inside the channels. It is interesting to find that the evolution of SnO2 QDs→QCs systems would induce the variation of strain type tolerated, simultaneously, from tensile to compressive strain, and also exhibit morphology-dependent photoluminescence properties.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201152e

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12534-12541

Titre :	Role of inorganic and organic medium in the corrosion behavior of bacillus megaterium and pseudomonas sp. in stainless steel SS 304
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Aruliah Rajasekar, Auteur ; Yen-Peng Ting, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12534-12541
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Bacteria Pseudomonadales Pseudomonadaceae Stainless steel Pseudomonas Corrosion
Résumé :	The production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) forms a layer on a metal surface that may either inhibit or accelerate corrosion. In the present study, the biocorrosion behavior of stainless steel 304 in the presence of aerobic bacteria Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas sp. was investigated in different growth media; an inorganic medium and an organic medium with 3.5% sodium chloride as the electrolyte. Biocorrosion was evaluated using potentiodynamic anodic and cathodic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrum analysis (SEM-EDAX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The corrosion potential (Ecorr) and pitting potential (Epit) were lower in the presence of both bacteria in the inorganic medium when compared to the organic medium. The inorganic medium consisted of inorganic nitrates and phosphates which accelerated the production of bacterial metabolites and enhanced corrosion resistance through the formation of a passive layer which inhibited the corrosion. Exposure of the metal in organic medium however caused both bacteria to shift the corrosion potential (Ecorr) toward the negative direction, thus causing the metal to undergo severe pitting attack. Electrochemical measurements showed that both the bacteria enhanced pitting corrosion in the organic medium.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745727

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12527-12533

Titre :	Development of poly(Ether Ether Ketone) (Peek) with inorganic filler for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCS)
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jitrada Auimviriyavat, Auteur ; Sairung Changkhamchom, Auteur ; Anuvat Sirivat, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12527-12533
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Fuel cell Filler
Résumé :	Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) is an organic polymer with excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties, that are retained at high temperature. In this study, PEEK was sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) at various degrees of sulfonation (DS) using sulfonation times between 2 and 5 h at a constant temperature of 50 °C. The properties and chemical structure of the sulfonated membranes (S-PEEK) were investigated using TGA, XRD, and FT-IR. In this study, the methanol permeability, thermal and mechanical properties, and proton conductivity of composite membranes were measured for the effect of Ferrierite zeolite as inorganic filler at various amounts (5,10,15,17, and 20% v/v). The proton conductivity and methanol permeability values of the composite membranes were measured compared to those of a commercial membrane, Nafion 117.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745726

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12521-12526

Titre :	Maize phytoliths and photoluminescent silica nanotubes prepared from a natural silica resource
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Congyun Zhang, Auteur ; Haitao Kang, Auteur ; Kai Lv, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12521-12526
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Maize Nanotubes Natural silica
Résumé :	Maize leaves and sheaths are cheap agricultural byproducts that contain an abundance of amorphous hydrated silica (named phytoliths). However, there have been no attempts at utilizing the phytoliths to synthesize silica nanotubes. In this paper, we describe the morphologies and microstructures of phytoliths in leaves and sheaths of maize, and synthesize hollow silica nanotubes using the phytoliths in cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) /sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant system. TEM and SEM images show that the phytoliths exist in cross and dumbbell shapes in maize. The silica nanotubes obtained from the naturally deposited phytoliths exhibit special blue photoluminescence. This optical characteristic indicates that the agro-based waste materials may have potential applications in the fields of light localization and other integrated optical devices.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2003768

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12512–12520

Titre :	Simulation of real wastewater supercritical water oxidation at high concentration on a pilot plant scale
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Violeta Vadillo, Auteur ; M. Belén Garcia-Jarana, Auteur ; Jezabel Sanchez-Oneto, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12512–12520
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Oxidation Wastewater
Résumé :	Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) has been studied for the past three decades and is now a well-known process. However, the commercial development of this technique is currently delayed due to several drawbacks such as corrosion, salt precipitation, and high costs. In an effort to overcome these constraints several authors have studied and designed new SCWO reactor concepts, but these technical solutions involve the use of special materials and complex designs that increase the process costs. However, conventional SCWO could be commercialized for certain wastewaters that satisfy certain requirements, e.g., very low salt and chloride contents, and it is necessary to continue studying the SCWO process at high concentrations and on the pilot plant scale. At present, simulations based on the SCWO of real wastewaters at high concentrations on the pilot plant scale are scarce in the literature. Process simulation is a powerful tool to study processes in depth and to make advances in the scale-up process. Nevertheless, the use of specific chemical engineering software, such as Prosim Plus or Aspen Plus, is not applicable to simulate a complex wastewater. In addition, the use of the kinetic data available in the literature is not straightforward because these kinetic parameters were obtained from experiments conducted under very different conditions (isothermal, low concentration, etc.). In the work described here, the simulation of Biocut 35 cutting fluid SCWO on a pilot plant scale has been conducted satisfactorily. The model was developed using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and a kinetic model obtained on the laboratory scale. Fifteen experiments were carried out in order to validate the simulator. These experiments were conducted on a pilot plant scale at a constant pressure of 250 bar and initial temperatures ranging from 388 to 428 °C. The cutting fluid concentration used in these experiments was varied from 19 to 95 g of O2/L. Finally, the simulator was used to check the effect of the operational variables such as wastewater concentration, initial temperature, wastewater flow rate, and thermal insulation.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201625y

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12488-12500

Titre :	Upgrading residue by carbon rejection in a fluidized - bed reactor and its multiple lump kinetic model
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hong-liang Wang, Auteur ; Gang Wang, Auteur ; Bao-jian Shen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12488-12500
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalyst Oxidation Neural network
Résumé :	In this work, a database containing 1337 data points for selective CO oxidation over Cu-based catalysts was constructed from 20 research publications and used for knowledge extraction by artificial neural networks. The experimental CO conversions reported in each publication were successfully predicted by a neural network trained using the data from the remaining 19 publications unless that one publication contained unique variables. The effects and relative significances of the catalyst preparation variables (such as Cu loading, second metal additive, support type, and preparation method) and operating variables (such as reaction temperature, feed composition, and feed flow rate/catalyst weight ratio) were also determined quite successfully by the artificial neural networks. We conclude that neural network modeling can be used to extract valuable experience and knowledge accumulated in the published data and can help researchers to plan new experiments in a more effective manner.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745722

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12488-12500

Titre :	Neural network analysis of selective CO oxidation over copper - based catalysts for knowledge extraction from published data in the literature
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M. Erdem Gunay, Auteur ; Ramazan Yildirim, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12488-12500
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalyst Oxidation Neural network
Résumé :	In this work, a database containing 1337 data points for selective CO oxidation over Cu-based catalysts was constructed from 20 research publications and used for knowledge extraction by artificial neural networks. The experimental CO conversions reported in each publication were successfully predicted by a neural network trained using the data from the remaining 19 publications unless that one publication contained unique variables. The effects and relative significances of the catalyst preparation variables (such as Cu loading, second metal additive, support type, and preparation method) and operating variables (such as reaction temperature, feed composition, and feed flow rate/catalyst weight ratio) were also determined quite successfully by the artificial neural networks. We conclude that neural network modeling can be used to extract valuable experience and knowledge accumulated in the published data and can help researchers to plan new experiments in a more effective manner.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745722

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12479–12487

Titre :	Advanced oxidation of trace organics in water by hydrogen peroxide solar photolysis
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Mario R. Rojas, Auteur ; Cary Leung, Auteur ; Daniel Whitley, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12479–12487
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Oxidation Solar photolysis
Résumé :	Solar-UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation for destruction of trace organics was investigated under a variety of operating conditions in homogeneous, laboratory-scale batch reactor experiments. Fluorescein and p-cresol were selected as representative targets in the experiments. Half times for degradation of p-cresol ranged between 500 min with 2 mM H2O2 and 20 min with 50 mM H2O2 during high-solar irradiance experiments (around noon on July 15th). A kinetic model, previously developed for monochromatic light, was adapted for use with solar UV irradiance, using (i) calculated ground-level solar spectral irradiance for the date and time of the experiments and (ii) wavelength-dependent light attenuation in the reaction mixture. The model accurately represents experimental data without adjustable parameters. Model output included the time-dependent pH arising from complete mineralization of the targets. Observed radical scavenging effects were correctly predicted by the kinetic model. Contaminant transformation was also measured in a municipal secondary wastewater effluent matrix. Here, 2-D fluorescence spectroscopy was used as a measure of the time-dependent bulk organic characteristics in treated wastewater. Results indicated that solar-UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation is capable of eliminating or drastically reducing the concentrations of organic constituents that remain in conventionally treated municipal wastewater effluent.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201381j

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12471-12478

Titre :	Mechanistic modeling of hydrolysis and esterification for biofuel processes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shujauddin Changi, Auteur ; Tanawan Pinnarat, Auteur ; Phillip E. Savage, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12471-12478
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Esterification Hydrolysis Modeling
Résumé :	We have elucidated the mechanism for ethyl oleate hydrolysis in high temperature water and its reverse reaction, oleic acid esterification in near- and supercritical ethanol in the absence of any other added compounds. Both reactions are acid catalyzed. H+ (from dissociation of water and oleic acid) and oleic acid serve as catalysts for hydrolysis and H+ alone is the catalyst for esterification. The rate equation arising from the proposed mechanism provided a good fit of experimental conversion data for both hydrolysis and esterification. The rate equation accurately predicted the influence of pH on hydrolysis for acidic and near-neutral conditions. The mechanistic model exhibits the ability to make quantitatively accurate predictions within and outside the original parameter space, especially for a multicomponent system. Sensitivity analysis shows that the values of the dissociation constant of oleic acid in ethanol, water, and ethanol-water systems strongly influence the predicted conversions. There is a need for experimental measurement of pKa for fatty acids in both water and alcohols at elevated temperatures.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745720

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12460-12470

Titre :	Reaction and deactivation rates of methane catalytic cracking over nickel
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ashraf Amin, Auteur ; William Epling, Auteur ; Eric Croiset, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12460-12470
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalytic cracking Deactivation
Résumé :	The kinetics of methane catalytic cracking over nickel supported on porous and nonporous aluminas was modeled using a separable kinetics approach in order to develop initial rate and activity decay equations. The model parameters were estimated using a set of experiments conducted in an electrobalance. The experimental work covered the 500-650 °C temperature range, using pure methane, as well as different partial pressures of CH4/N2 and CH4/H2 mixtures at atmospheric pressure. The model results showed a good match with the experimental data, and the estimated kinetic parameters agreed well with those reported in the literature. The morphology of the support affected the initial reaction rate and catalyst deactivation. The methane cracking activation energy was estimated to be 88 and 75 kj/mol for the porous and nonporous catalysts, respectively. The activation energy for the encapsulating carbon formation was estimated to be 147 and 149 kj/mol for the porous and nonporous catalysts, respectively. The deactivation reaction was found to be half-order in surface carbon. The model was expanded to include cracking/ regeneration cycles. The model showed good agreement with the experimental data at different experimental conditions and up to 39 cycles. Cracking/regeneration cycles suggest that the porous catalyst can be used for conducting continuous methane cracking.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745719

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12449-12459

Titre :	Reactive characteristics and adsorption heat of Ni/ZnO–SiO2–Al2O3 adsorbent by reactive adsorption desulfurization
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gang Wang, Auteur ; Yaoshun Wen, Auteur ; Jingxin Fan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12449-12459
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Desulfurization Adsorption
Résumé :	Reactive adsorption desulfurization (RADS) experiments of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline and a model gasoline over an Ni/ZnO–SiO2–Al2O3 adsorbent were carried out in a fixed-fluidized bed reactor at low pressures in an H2 atmosphere. The results show that hydrogenation, hydrogen transfer, and polymerization reactions accompany RADS. Sulfidation and carbon deposits, which can lead to decreases in the regeneration rate and amount of activated Ni, are crucial to the decay of desulfurization and the olefin-hydrogenation capability of the adsorbents. The obvious reduction of C5 and C6 olefins in FCC gasoline mainly contribute to the drop in octane number of the desulfurization product. The desulfurization experiment on model gasoline and the adsorption heats of model compounds show that RADS removes sulfur from sulfur-containing compound through S–M interactions rather than by π-complexation over the Ni/ZnO–SiO2–Al2O3 adsorbent. The adsorption heat of sulfur-containing compound is proportional to the electron density of sulfur atoms.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745718

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12439-12448

Titre :	Liquid phase hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene over bimetallic supported zirconia catalyst
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Sujata Mallick, Auteur ; Surjyakanta Rana, Auteur ; Kulamani Parida, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12439-12448
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Catalyst Liquid phase
Résumé :	Mesoporous zirconia was prepared by the surfactant-assisted route, using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as cationic surfactant. The synthesized zirconia was employed as support for copper and nickel bimetallic catalysts in the hydrodehalogenation reaction of chlorobenzenes and substituted chlorobenzenes at room temperature. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmittance electron micrograph (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV—vis DRS), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The nitrogen adsorption—desorption studies revealed that the modified samples retain the mesoporosity. TEM studies showed uniform distribution of metals having 5-10 nm particles size on the support surface. The bimetallic catalyst exhibited a higher H2 chemisorption capacity relative to monometallic catalysts. For catalytic hydrodehalogenation of chlorobenzene, bimetallic catalyst showed 95% conversion with 100% selectivity for benzene as compared to monometallic catalysts, indicative of the synergy effect of copper, nickel supported on zirconia.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745717

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12433-12438

Titre :	Intensification of synthesis of cumene hydroperoxide using sonochemical reactors
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Vivek P. Chavan, Auteur ; Parag R. Gogate, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12433-12438
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Reactor Sonochemical reaction
Résumé :	Intensification of chemical synthesis is a key research area due to the current constraints before the chemical industry due to competition as well as economics and demand for greener routes of processing. The present work illustrates the use of sonochemical reactors for the intensification of synthesis of cumene hydroperoxide from cumene. Air oxidation of cumene in the presence of cupric oxide powder as a catalyst has been investigated using a conventional approach and different sonochemical reactors such as an ultrasonic bath and a probe sonicator. Optimization of different operating parameters such as stirrer speed, temperature, catalyst quantity, air flow rate, and cumene hydroperoxide as an initiator have been investigated using conventional stirring method. The optimum conditions for the air oxidation of the cumene process have been obtained as stirrer speed of 300 rpm, temperature as 110 °C, catalyst quantity of 3 g, and air flow rate as 500 mL/min, and cumene hydroperoxide as an initiator had a very marginal effect. In the case of ultrasound assisted synthesis approach, various parameters studied were pulse of ultrasound, power of ultrasound, and frequency of ultrasound. Enhancement in conversion of cumene and reduction in the reaction time was observed in the presence of ultrasound as compared to silent conditions. The selectivity toward cumene hydroperoxide was marginally affected by the use of ultrasonic conditions. The maximum conversion obtained using ultrasound was 67.1% when 40 kHz frequency of ultrasound horn was used in 4 h, while 50.4% conversion was obtained in 8 h of reaction under otherwise similar operating conditions. The obtained selectivity was always greater than 95% for all conditions considered in the work. The present work has clearly revealed that substantial intensification is obtained for the synthesis of cumene hydroperoxide using ultrasound as compared to the conventional approach.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745716

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12426–12432

Titre :	Autothermal reforming of methane in a proton - conducting ceramic membrane reactor
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jay Kniep, Auteur ; Matthew Anderson, Auteur ; Y. S. Lin, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12426–12432
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Membrane reactor Ceramic materials Inorganic membrane Autothermic reactor Reforming
Résumé :	Endothermic steam reforming of methane for hydrogen production requires heat input with selective oxidation of methane. Dense SrCe0.75Zr0.20Tm0.05O3-δ perovskite membranes were combined with a reforming catalyst to demonstrate the feasibility of a heat-exchange membrane reactor for steam reforming of methane coupled with selective oxidation of permeated hydrogen. The reforming catalyst used was a prereduced nickel based catalyst supported on γ-Al2O3. Hydrogen produced via the steam reforming of methane or water gas shift reaction was able to diffuse through the catalyst bed and transport through the membrane. The permeated hydrogen reacted with oxygen (from air) to produce heat for the steam reforming of methane on the other side of the membrane. The membrane reactor avoids the use of an expensive air separation unit to produce pure oxygen. The influence of experimental conditions, such as temperature, gas hourly space velocity, and the steam to carbon (S/C) ratio, on the membrane reactor was investigated. SrCe0.75Zr0.20Tm0.05O3-δ showed good chemical stability in steam reforming conditions as X-ray diffraction analysis of the membrane surface exposed to steam-reforming conditions for 425 h showed only minor CeO2 formation. The experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of using a proton conducting ceramic membrane in the heat-exchange membrane reactor for steam reforming of methane coupled with selective oxidation.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745715

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12421-12425

Titre :	Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of l - proline by N - bromosuccinimide in aqueous acidic medium
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Alaa Eldin Mokhtar Abdel-Hady, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12421-12425
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Oxidation Kinetics
Résumé :	Kinetics of oxidation of L-poline by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) in aqueous acidic medium and water-alcohol solvent mixtures were performed. The reaction was first order dependent on both [proline] and [NBS]. The rate of reaction was inversely dependent upon [H+] through the pH range 2.6-3.3 and varied with the cosolvent according to the order MeOH > EtOH. The conjugate base of amino acid was considered as the main reactive species. An inner-sphere mechanism in which the conjugate base of amino acid was attached by NBS to form the precursor intermediate complex was proposed.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745714

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12409–12420

Titre :	Kinetics of the reaction of dense CaO particles with SO2
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shin-Min Shih, Auteur ; Jong-Cherng Lai, Auteur ; Chih-Hsiang Yang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12409–12420
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Kinetics Dioxide Thermogravimetric
Résumé :	The kinetics of the reaction of dense CaO particles (2.5 mm dia.) with sulfur dioxide was studied using a thermogravimetric technique under the conditions of 750–950 °C, 1000–5000 ppm SO2, and 6 h reaction time. The growth of CaSO4 product layer was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The effect of internal structural change due to reaction, which complicates the kinetic analysis of porous particles, was eliminated in the present case. The thickening of the product layer behaved as the shrinking-core type reaction. The product layer was composed of many CaSO4 grains, the size of which increased singnificantly with increasing temperature. The long-term reaction kinetics was well described by the shrinking-core model for changing particle size by considering the product layer diffusion and intrinsic chemical reaction. The apparent reaction order of SO2 was 0.3 and close to 1.0 only at low CaO conversions. The values of chemical reaction rate constant and the activation energy for chemical reaction rate constant or product layer diffusivity were in the range reported by previous investigators, but the values of the product layer diffusivity were much higher. The model equations for the case involving the inward or outward solid-state diffusion of ions were derived. The reaction kinetics can be explained by considering both the diffusion of Ca2+ and O2– ions and the diffusion of gaseous reactants. The product layer tended to fracture continually and form more cracks at higher temperatures, thus resulting in higher values of product layer diffusivity and a high activation energy for diffusivity, and leading to an apparent SO2 reaction order smaller than first order.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2009668

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12400–12408

Titre :	Modeling of dye uptake rate, related interactions, and binding energy estimation in leather matrix using protein based nanoparticle polymer
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	James Kanagaraj, Auteur ; Rames Chandra Panda, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12400–12408
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Nanoparticle Uptake Dyes Modeling
Résumé :	A nanoparticle polymer (NPP) is prepared from amino acids of keratin hydrolysate, obtained after enzymatic degradation. The NPP copolymer chain is made up of two types of monomers, viz. an acrylic ester and an amino acid derivative of keratin hydrolysate. NPP was synthesized using microemulsion polymerization method. The developed NPP exhibits narrow particle size distribution with particle size of 60 nm. The NPP is a free-flowing liquid with flow characteristics almost similar to water, as shown from its low relative viscosity (ηr) of 1.02 at 25 °C. The zeta potential of NPP at -30.2 mV demonstrates anionic nature of the copolymer particle and this may be provided from amino acid derived monomer. The NPP possesses a high molecular weight copolymer in aqueous medium and carboxyl groups as an active site for interaction. The dyeing process carried out after the treatment of NPP enhanced dye uptake. From PM6 semi empirical quantum mechanical level; the interaction of NPP with dye showed four reactive sites. The geometries of the reactive sites were found out. The results showed that binding energies of site 2 and 3 were higher in comparison with those of 1 and 4. The kinetics and color measurement study showed that dye uptake was enhanced by using NPP.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745712

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12392–12399

Titre :	Improved inheritance algorithm for the assembly of coal fragments
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhao Lei, Auteur ; Bolun Yang, Auteur ; Jianwei Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12392–12399
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Coal Algorithm
Résumé :	There are many methods to simulate coal structure that might be beneficial to coal technologies. However, they often suffer from producing an impractical structure and a large calculation time and could not be applied to most rank coal Hence, the hybrid inheritance algorithms combined with Elitist strategy (HIA-ES) and Monte Carlo and Elitist Strategy (HIA-MC-ES) are proposed to simulate the coal structure. The reported fragment structures of the coal macromolecule are summarized, and the fragment structure is accurately quantified with an adjacency matrix, an atom identification vector, bonding parameters, a bond characteristic index, and a functional group characteristic parameter, respectively. The humic acid (HA) is used to test the effectiveness of two algorithms since HA has the similar fragment structures with coal With the use of the method of HIA-ES, the numbers of fragment structures is gained. Then, the parameters of the simulated structures are obtained with the HIA-MC-ES method. Simulated HA and Shenfu coal structures are highly similar with the reported results, indicating that the two novel hybrid inheritance algorithms are effective to simulate a molecular structure for the most rank coal.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745711

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12384–12391

Titre :	Core - in - shell CaO / CuO - Based composite for CO2 capture
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Vasilije Manovic, Auteur ; Yinghai Wu, Auteur ; Ian He, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12384–12391
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Composite materials
Résumé :	This paper describes the preparation of composite materials containing both CaO as a reversible CO2 sorbent and CuO, serving as an oxygen carrier, which allows the spent Ca sorbent to be regenerated in a fuel gas stream after it has been used for CO2 capture. Calcium aluminate cement is used as a support to enhance pellet strength. The pellets were prepared in a mechanical pelletizer for granulation of powdered materials with addition of spray water. Three types of pellets were prepared: (i) core-in-shell with 50% CuO and 50% CaO (75% CuO and 25% CaO in the core), (ii) core-in-shell with 50% CuO, 40% CaO, and 10% cement (75% CuO and 25% CaO in the core), and (iii) homogeneous pellets with 50% CuO, 40% CaO, and 10% cement addition as a binder. CO2/O2 carrying activity of the pellets was then tested in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The attrition resistance of the obtained material was examined during attrition tests in a bubbling fluidized bed (i.d. 50 mm). The oxygen carrying capacity of pellets indicates that 25% CaO in the core is sufficient to support the CuO and prevent decay of its activity as an oxygen carrier during reduction/oxidation cycles. To demonstrate that the pellets produced actually have a core-in-shell pattern, larger cross-sectioned particles were analyzed using the scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray method (SEM/EDX). The SEM/EDX analyses clearly showed different morphology and elemental composition of the core and shell, with a higher content of CuO in the core. The results of attrition tests showed that after fluidization for 2 h, particle size distribution changed negligibly and high temperature did not cause significantly more pronounced attrition. These tests clearly showed that the procedure employed is suitable for large-scale preparation of core-in-shell CaO/CuO-based pellets which have numerous benefits.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201427g

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12379-12383

Titre :	Bisthiocarbohydrazones as colorimetric and “Turn on” fluorescent chemosensors for selective recognition of fluoride
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Saravana Loganathan Ashok Kumar, Auteur ; Ramalingam Tamilarasan, Auteur ; Moorthy Saravana Kumar, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12379-12383
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Bisthiocarbohydrazone Heterocyclic
Résumé :	Bisthiocarbohydrazone derivatives of two heterocyclic ketones were designed and synthesized to selectively sense fluoride ion from a biologically competing solvent dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The selective recognition of fluoride is clearly visible to the naked eye with a distinct color change. The recognition mechanism has been investigated by UV–visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, and 1H NMR titration experiments. From the Benesi–Hidebrand equation and Job's plot, it was inferred that both compounds bind to fluoride with a 1:1 stoichiometry. 1H NMR titration data indicates deprotonation of the NH protons by fluoride as a prominent step in the recognition.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2013696

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12372–12378

Titre :	Effect of initial pH adjustment on hydrolysis and acidification of sludge by ultrasonic pretreatment
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xiao-Rong Kang, Auteur ; Guang-Ming Zhang, Auteur ; Lin Chen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12372–12378
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Pretreatment Acidification Hydrolysis pH
Résumé :	Batch tests were carried out to analyze the effect of pH in the range of 7-12 on the hydrolysis and acidification of sludge at room temperature. Ultrasonic pretreatment was conducted to disintegrate waste activated sludge (WAS) and accelerate WAS hydrolysis. The experimental results showed that the sludge with ultrasonic pretreatment was readily degraded in the hydrolysis and acidification process, and more organic substances were released with increase of initial pH. The optimal initial pH for sludge acidification was 11, and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration reached about 1751 mg/L after 15 days of hydrolysis and acidification. Phosphorus release was investigated during hydrolysis and acidification at any pH adjustment. The SCFAs mainly consisted of acetic and propionic, accounting for 74.6-84% of total SCFAs. Three microbial species, including Bacteroidetes, γ-proteobacteria, and β-proteobacteria, were involved in different pH environments of the hydrolysis and acidification process, and, simultaneously, the three species were identified as being responsible for SCFAs accumulation and protein degradation. This study indicated that the combination of ultrasonic pretreatment, alkaline adjustment for hydrolysis, and acidification of WAS was an appropriate method for SCFAs accumulation and contributed to the demand of carbon source for WWTPs.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745708

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12366–12371

Titre :	Preparation of thiocyanate - retaining tannin gel for adsorption recovery of palladium from strong hydrochloric acid solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shintaro Morisada, Auteur ; Yoen-Ho Kim, Auteur ; Shinpei Yakuwa, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12366–12371
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption Preparation
Résumé :	A tannin gel (TG) synthesized from condensed tannin molecules has a remarkable ability to adsorb various metal ions in aqueous solutions. In the present study, we have introduced thiocyanate ions (SCN–) into the TG by adsorption process in acidic thiocyanate solutions to improve its adsorbability for palladium ion, Pd(II). To determine the optimum conditions for preparing the SCN–-retaining tannin gel (SCN-TG), we have investigated the introduction mechanism of SCN– into the TG at 298 K and HCl concentrations less than or equal to 1 M, where the decomposition of SCN– can be negligible. The adsorption amount of SCN– onto the TG increased with increasing HCl concentration, indicating that SCN– is adsorbed onto the TG through the electrostatic attraction between anionic SCN– and the protonated hydroxy groups in the TG at higher HCl concentrations. Using the resultant SCN-TG and the TG, we have conducted the Pd(II) adsorption experiment at molar-level concentrations of HCl and found that the SCN-TG can adsorb Pd(II) efficiently, whereas the TG adsorbs almost no Pd(II). Besides, the adsorbability of the SCN-TG for Pd(II) decreased only slightly with increasing HCl concentration up to at least 5 M.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745707

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12358–12365

Titre :	Temperature - swing adsorption of proteins in water using cationic copolymer - grafted silica particles
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shintaro Morisada, Auteur ; Ken-ichiro Namazuda, Auteur ; Shitoka Suzuki, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12358–12365
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorption Copolymer
Résumé :	We have prepared silica particles grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) copolymers as adsorbent for the temperature-swing adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in water, where vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride (VBTA), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), or N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) was employed as a comonomer. The surface potentials of PNIPA-grafted and P(NIPA-co-DMAA)-grafted silica particles in water at 298 and 313 K were negative, while those of P(NIPA-co-VBTA)-grafted silica particle were positive, because VBTA is a quaternary ammonium salt and positively charged in aqueous solutions. As for the P(NIPA-co-DMAEMA)-grafted silica particle, the surface potential changed from positive to near zero with increasing temperature from 298 K to 313 K. This may be because the coil-to-globule transition of grafted copolymers leads to the dehydration and deprotonation of DMAEMA group, which is a tertiary amine and can be positively charged only in the aqueous phase. Although PNIPA-grafted and P(NIPA-co-DMAA)-grafted silica particles failed to adsorb BSA, P(NIPA-co-VBTA)-grafted and P(NIPA-co-DMAEMA)-grafted silica particles adsorbed BSA, indicating that BSA is adsorbed by the electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged BSA and the positively charged copolymers on the silica surface. Moreover, P(NIPA-co-VBTA)-grafted and P(NIPA-co-DMAEMA)-grafted silica particles repeatedly adsorbed BSA at 298 K and desorbed some of the preadsorbed BSA at 313 K via the temperature-swing operation. This BSA desorption may result from the decrease in the number of the positively charged groups accessible to BSA due to the coil-to-globule transition of the grafted copolymers with increasing temperature.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200779w

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12349-12357

Titre :	Fractionation of lignocellulosic materials with ionic liquids. 1. effect of mechanical treatment
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Timo Leskinen, Auteur ; Alistair W. T. King, Auteur ; Ilkka Kilpelainen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12349-12357
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Mechanical treatment Ionic liquid Speciation
Résumé :	The selective precipitation of wood dissolved in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([amino]Cl) with a nonsolvent is a straightforward method for fractionating lignocellulosic components. In this study we have solvated and precipitated fractions of pulverized Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Eucalyptus grandis wood. This was achieved by agitating and heating the lignocellulosic materials in [amim]Cl followed by precipitation using nonsolvents, such as acetonitrile (MeCN) and water. Water was also used to extract material, which was determined to be high molecular weight galactoglucomannan. Products were analyzed by benzoylation followed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and IR. It was found that the selectivity of precipitation was not significantly dependent upon the chemical composition of the precipitating components. The efficiency of precipitation was found to be dependent upon molecular weight, with the dissolved higher molecular weight and partially soluble wood components precipitating first. Moreover, when coarse sawdust samples were fractionated, the selective dissolution of cellulose from the fiber was observed, which allowed for the regeneration of a fraction of delignified and bleachable cellulose. Additionally, finely milled softwood samples, with demonstrated narrowly distributed low molecular weights, did not efficiently fractionate most likely due to the presence of an extensive lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) network.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24745705

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12343-12348

Titre :	Novel route for the synthesis of methyl propionate from 3 - pentanone with dimethyl carbonate over solid bases
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhi Chen, Auteur ; Dudu Wu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12343-12348
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Methyl Dimethyl Carbonate
Résumé :	A novel and simple route for the synthesis of methyl propionate by the methoxycarbonylation of 3-pentanone with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of solid base catalysts was developed. Solid bases with moderate strength (such as MgO) facilitated the formation of methyl propionate, and the yield of methyl propionate could be linearly correlated with the amount of moderate basic sites. The function of basic catalysts was mainly attributed to the activation of 3-pentanone through the abstraction of the α-H by base sites.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie1006933

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12334–12342

Titre :	Understanding hydrogen in bayer process emissions. 2. hydrogen production during the degradation of unsaturated carboxylic acids in sodium hydroxide solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Allan Costine, Auteur ; Joanne S.C. Loh, Auteur ; Greg Power, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12334–12342
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrogen Carboxylic acids Sodium hydroxide
Résumé :	This is the second in a series of studies of the production of hydrogen from the degradation of organic compounds in sodium hydroxide solutions. Unsaturated carboxylates, which are intermediate products in the wet oxidation of the types of monoaromatic compounds typically present in Bayer process liquors, have been found to produce significant amounts of hydrogen during alkaline degradation. The alkaline degradation of nine unsaturated carboxylates was investigated under anaerobic conditions in an autoclave, and the effect of temperature (175–275 °C) and NaOH concentration (0–6 M) on the degradation of acrylate, 2-butenoate, maleate, and 2-hexenoate was studied in detail for reaction times up to 120 min. All of the compounds investigated decompose to produce about 1 mol of hydrogen gas per mole of organic compound consumed, as well as a range of low molecular weight (LMW) carboxylates. The stoichiometries of the formation of hydrogen and LMW carboxylates from the unsaturated carboxylates observed here are consistent with the regioselective hydration of the C═C double bond to form the corresponding β-hydroxycarboxylates, which then undergo further degradation by an ionic mechanism involving base-catalyzed oxidation by water. These findings significantly advance the understanding of the production of hydrogen in Bayer process digestion and have implications for the safe application of wet oxidation of Bayer process liquors. The results also advance the fundamental understanding of the alkaline degradation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in general.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201388c

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12324–12333

Titre :	Understanding hydrogen in bayer process emissions. 1. hydrogen production during the degradation of hydroxycarboxylic acids in sodium hydroxide solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Allan Costine, Auteur ; Joanne S.C. Loh, Auteur ; Greg Power, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12324–12333
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrogen Hydroxycarboxylic Acids
Résumé :	The formation of potentially explosive gas mixtures during Bayer process digestion and the wet oxidation of Bayer process liquors underscores the need for an improved understanding of the degradation reactions of organic compounds that produce flammable gases. This study is the first of a series investigating the production of hydrogen from different classes of organic compounds in sodium hydroxide solutions. The alkaline degradation of a range of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylates and hydroxycarboxylates was investigated under anaerobic conditions in an autoclave. It was found that aliphatic C4 carboxylates possessing a single β-hydroxy substituent are particularly reactive under these conditions, generating hydrogen gas and a range of low molecular weight (LMW) carboxylates. The effect of temperature (175–275 °C) and NaOH concentration (0–6 M) on the degradation of 3-hydroxybutanoate and hydroxybutanedioate (malate) was investigated in detail for reaction times up to 120 min. Under conditions that promote the total degradation of the organic compound, the β-hydroxycarboxylates have similar hydrogen production capacities, each generating about 1 mol of hydrogen gas per mole of organic compound consumed. The results provide direct evidence for an ionic degradation mechanism involving base-catalyzed oxidation by water, consistent with the stoichiometry of the formation of hydrogen gas and the other main reaction products (LMW carboxylates). These findings have important implications for the production of hydrogen in Bayer process digestion and the safe application of wet oxidation technologies for the treatment of organic compounds in alkaline liquors, such as those found in the Bayer and Kraft processes. The results also shed new light on the mechanism of hydrogen production during the base-catalyzed gasification of biomass at low temperature.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201387x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 22 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 12311–12323

Titre :	Controlled size silver nanoparticles synthesis with water - in - oil microemulsion method : a topical review
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jignasa N. Solanki, Auteur ; Zagabathuni Venkata Panchakshari Murthy, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 12311–12323
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Nanoparticles Microemulsion
Résumé :	Synthesis of noble metallic nanoparticles, in general, and silver nanoparticles (SNPs), in particular, currently are of special interest. In the present paper, an overview of the enhanced properties of SNPs and consequential applications of SNPs are discussed. Common synthesis methods and their comparison with the microemulsion technology, particularly advantages of SNPs formation with microemulsion technology, are discussed. A brief overview of the basics of microemulsion technology for nanoparticles formation is also presented. The complete topical review of microemulsion synthesis technique used to date for the generation of SNPs is discussed comprehensively. Control parameters have been explicated for influencing size, size uniformity, and stability aspects of the SNPs reported in the literature, allowing a tailored synthesis for specific application. Recent modifications made on the synthesis of SNPs to obtain monodisperse, high yield and stability are also discussed. Lastly, some future trends and perspectives in these research areas are outlined.
DEWEY :	660
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201649x

Industrial & engineering chemistry research / Paul, Donald R. . Vol. 50 N° 22

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