Dépouillements

The effects of focus on performance in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1897-1912 Titre : The effects of focus on performance : Evidence from california hospitals Type de document : texte imprimé Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1897-1912 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Productivity  Quality  Health-care  operations  Service  operations Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We use hospital-level discharge data from cardiac patients in California to estimate the effects of focus on operational performance. We examine focus at three distinct levels of the organization—at the firm level, at the operating unit level, and at the process flow level. We find that focus at each of these levels is associated with improved outcomes, namely, faster services at higher levels of quality, as indicated by lower lengths of stay (LOS) and reduced mortality rates. We then analyze the extent to which the superior operational outcome is driven by focused hospitals truly excelling in their operations or by focused hospitals simply “cherry-picking” easy-to-treat patients. To do this, we use an instrumental variables estimation strategy that effectively randomizes the assignment of patients to hospitals. After controlling for selective patient admissions, the previously observed benefits of firm level focus disappear; focused hospitals no longer demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in LOS or mortality rate. However, at more granular measures of focus within the hospital (e.g., operating unit level), we find that more focus leads to a shorter LOS, even after controlling for selective admission effects. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1897.abstract [article] The effects of focus on performance : Evidence from california hospitals [texte imprimé] . - 2012 . - pp. 1897-1912. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1897-1912 Mots-clés : Productivity  Quality  Health-care  operations  Service  operations Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We use hospital-level discharge data from cardiac patients in California to estimate the effects of focus on operational performance. We examine focus at three distinct levels of the organization—at the firm level, at the operating unit level, and at the process flow level. We find that focus at each of these levels is associated with improved outcomes, namely, faster services at higher levels of quality, as indicated by lower lengths of stay (LOS) and reduced mortality rates. We then analyze the extent to which the superior operational outcome is driven by focused hospitals truly excelling in their operations or by focused hospitals simply “cherry-picking” easy-to-treat patients. To do this, we use an instrumental variables estimation strategy that effectively randomizes the assignment of patients to hospitals. After controlling for selective patient admissions, the previously observed benefits of firm level focus disappear; focused hospitals no longer demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in LOS or mortality rate. However, at more granular measures of focus within the hospital (e.g., operating unit level), we find that more focus leads to a shorter LOS, even after controlling for selective admission effects. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1897.abstract

Competing matchmakers / Tanjim Hossain in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1913-1925 Titre : Competing matchmakers : An experimental analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tanjim Hossain, Auteur ; Dylan Minor, Auteur ; John Morgan, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1913-1925 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Platform  competition  Two-sided  markets  Monopoly  E-commerce Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Platform competition is ubiquitous, yet platform market structure is little understood. Theory models typically suffer from equilibrium multiplicity—platforms might coexist or the market might tip to either platform. We use laboratory experiments to study the outcomes of platform competition. When platforms are primarily vertically differentiated, we find that even when platform coexistence is theoretically possible, markets inevitably tip to the more efficient platform. When platforms are primarily horizontally differentiated, so there is no single efficient platform, we find strong evidence of equilibrium coexistence. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1913.abstract [article] Competing matchmakers : An experimental analysis [texte imprimé] / Tanjim Hossain, Auteur ; Dylan Minor, Auteur ; John Morgan, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1913-1925. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1913-1925 Mots-clés : Platform  competition  Two-sided  markets  Monopoly  E-commerce Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Platform competition is ubiquitous, yet platform market structure is little understood. Theory models typically suffer from equilibrium multiplicity—platforms might coexist or the market might tip to either platform. We use laboratory experiments to study the outcomes of platform competition. When platforms are primarily vertically differentiated, we find that even when platform coexistence is theoretically possible, markets inevitably tip to the more efficient platform. When platforms are primarily horizontally differentiated, so there is no single efficient platform, we find strong evidence of equilibrium coexistence. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1913.abstract

Covenants in venture capital contracts / Ola Bengtsson in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1926-1943 Titre : Covenants in venture capital contracts Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ola Bengtsson, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1926-1943 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Financial  contracting  Venture  capital  Entrepreneurship Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper studies how covenants are included in contracts between venture capitalists (VCs) and entrepreneurs. I show that VCs hold covenanted veto rights even though they are shareholders who have access to other powerful governance solutions. Unlike bank loans and bonds, venture capital (VC) contracts exhibit considerable variation in their contractual designs. I exploit this variation to confirm the argument that covenants are in place to overcome a conflict of interest that arises from debt-like contractual features of a venture capitalist's preferred stock. In particular, I find that contracts with higher fixed payoffs include 1.6 more covenants than do contracts with lower fixed payoffs. Similarly, VC contracts with no VC board majority requirement include 0.6 more covenants than do contracts that require a VC board majority. Covenants are also more common with older companies and when fewer VCs invest in a round. My findings contribute to both the debt covenant literature and the entrepreneurial finance literature. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1926.abstract [article] Covenants in venture capital contracts [texte imprimé] / Ola Bengtsson, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1926-1943. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1926-1943 Mots-clés : Financial  contracting  Venture  capital  Entrepreneurship Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper studies how covenants are included in contracts between venture capitalists (VCs) and entrepreneurs. I show that VCs hold covenanted veto rights even though they are shareholders who have access to other powerful governance solutions. Unlike bank loans and bonds, venture capital (VC) contracts exhibit considerable variation in their contractual designs. I exploit this variation to confirm the argument that covenants are in place to overcome a conflict of interest that arises from debt-like contractual features of a venture capitalist's preferred stock. In particular, I find that contracts with higher fixed payoffs include 1.6 more covenants than do contracts with lower fixed payoffs. Similarly, VC contracts with no VC board majority requirement include 0.6 more covenants than do contracts that require a VC board majority. Covenants are also more common with older companies and when fewer VCs invest in a round. My findings contribute to both the debt covenant literature and the entrepreneurial finance literature. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1926.abstract

Cooperation Without Enforcement? / Yannis Bakos in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1944-1962 Titre : Cooperation Without Enforcement? : A Comparative Analysis of Litigation and Online Reputation as Quality Assurance Mechanisms Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yannis Bakos, Auteur ; Chrysanthos Dellarocas, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1944-1962 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reputation  Litigation  Reputation  and  litigation  trade-off  Reputation  in  markets  Private  ordering  Reputation  and  adverse  selection  Litigation  and  moral  hazard Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Commerce depends on buyers and sellers fulfilling their contractual obligations; mechanisms inducing such performance are essential to well-functioning markets. Internet-enabled reputation mechanisms that collect and disseminate consumer feedback have emerged as prominent means for inducing seller performance in online and offline markets. This paper compares the ability of reputation and more traditional litigation-like mechanisms for dispute resolution to induce efficient economic outcomes. We use a game-theoretic formulation and derive results for their relative efficiency and effectiveness individually or as complements. We find that the popular view of reputation as an efficient and relatively costless way to induce seller effort under all circumstances is incorrect; reputation is less efficient than litigation in inducing any given level of effort. Thus, reputation improves efficiency only in settings where the high cost of litigation, insufficient damage levels, or low court accuracy induce suboptimal effort or cause market failure. When adverse selection is important, reputation helps reveal the true types of market participants, which may offset its higher cost of inducing effort. Finally, adding reputation to existing litigation mechanisms increases seller effort and may require adjusting damage awards to avoid inducing excessive effort that reduces economic efficiency. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1944.abstract [article] Cooperation Without Enforcement? : A Comparative Analysis of Litigation and Online Reputation as Quality Assurance Mechanisms [texte imprimé] / Yannis Bakos, Auteur ; Chrysanthos Dellarocas, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1944-1962. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1944-1962 Mots-clés : Reputation  Litigation  Reputation  and  litigation  trade-off  Reputation  in  markets  Private  ordering  Reputation  and  adverse  selection  Litigation  and  moral  hazard Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Commerce depends on buyers and sellers fulfilling their contractual obligations; mechanisms inducing such performance are essential to well-functioning markets. Internet-enabled reputation mechanisms that collect and disseminate consumer feedback have emerged as prominent means for inducing seller performance in online and offline markets. This paper compares the ability of reputation and more traditional litigation-like mechanisms for dispute resolution to induce efficient economic outcomes. We use a game-theoretic formulation and derive results for their relative efficiency and effectiveness individually or as complements. We find that the popular view of reputation as an efficient and relatively costless way to induce seller effort under all circumstances is incorrect; reputation is less efficient than litigation in inducing any given level of effort. Thus, reputation improves efficiency only in settings where the high cost of litigation, insufficient damage levels, or low court accuracy induce suboptimal effort or cause market failure. When adverse selection is important, reputation helps reveal the true types of market participants, which may offset its higher cost of inducing effort. Finally, adding reputation to existing litigation mechanisms increases seller effort and may require adjusting damage awards to avoid inducing excessive effort that reduces economic efficiency. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1944.abstract

Skill, luck, and the multiproduct firm / Rui J. P. Jr de Figueiredo in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1963-1978 Titre : Skill, luck, and the multiproduct firm : Evidence from hedge funds Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rui J. P. Jr de Figueiredo, Auteur ; Evan Rawley, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1963-1978 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Organizational  studies  Strategy  Financial  institutions  Investment  Economics  Econometric  dynamics Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We formalize the idea that when managers require external investment to expand, higher-skilled firms will be more likely to diversify in equilibrium, even though managers can exploit asymmetric information about their ability to raise capital from investors. We exploit the timing of new fund launches in the hedge fund industry to distinguish between agency and capability effects in firm product diversification decisions, using a large survivor-bias-free panel data set on the hedge fund industry from 1994 to 2006. Empirically we show that diversifying firms' excess returns are high relative to those of other firms prior to diversification and fall within firm following diversification, but are six basis points higher per month per unit of risk ex post compared to a matched sample of focused firms. The evidence suggests that managers exploit asymmetric information about their own ability to time diversification decisions; yet, the discipline of markets ensures that better firms diversify, on average. The results provide large-sample empirical evidence that agency effects and firm capabilities jointly influence diversification decisions. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1963.abstract [article] Skill, luck, and the multiproduct firm : Evidence from hedge funds [texte imprimé] / Rui J. P. Jr de Figueiredo, Auteur ; Evan Rawley, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1963-1978. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1963-1978 Mots-clés : Organizational  studies  Strategy  Financial  institutions  Investment  Economics  Econometric  dynamics Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : We formalize the idea that when managers require external investment to expand, higher-skilled firms will be more likely to diversify in equilibrium, even though managers can exploit asymmetric information about their ability to raise capital from investors. We exploit the timing of new fund launches in the hedge fund industry to distinguish between agency and capability effects in firm product diversification decisions, using a large survivor-bias-free panel data set on the hedge fund industry from 1994 to 2006. Empirically we show that diversifying firms' excess returns are high relative to those of other firms prior to diversification and fall within firm following diversification, but are six basis points higher per month per unit of risk ex post compared to a matched sample of focused firms. The evidence suggests that managers exploit asymmetric information about their own ability to time diversification decisions; yet, the discipline of markets ensures that better firms diversify, on average. The results provide large-sample empirical evidence that agency effects and firm capabilities jointly influence diversification decisions. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1963.abstract

Modeling security-check queues / Zhe George Zhang in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1979-1995 Titre : Modeling security-check queues Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zhe George Zhang, Auteur ; Hsing Paul Luh, Auteur ; Chia-Hung Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1979-1995 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Security  inspection  level  Service  capacity  Two-stage  queue  Renewal  process  approximation  Coxian  distribution  Quasi-birth-and-death  process Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Motivated by the waiting lines between the U.S.–Canadian border crossings, we investigate a security-check system with both security and customer service goals. In such a system, every customer has to be inspected by the first-stage inspector, but only a proportion of customers need to go through the second stage for further inspection. This “further inspection proportion,” affecting both security screening and the system congestion, becomes a key decision variable for the security-check system. Using a stylized two-stage queueing model, we established the convexity of the expected waiting cost function. With such a property, the optimal further inspection proportion can be determined to achieve the balance of the two goals and the service capacities can be classified into “security-favorable,” “security-unfavorable,” or “security-infeasible” categories. A specific capacity category implies if the security and customer service goals are consistent or in conflict. In addition, we have verified that the properties discovered in the stylized model also hold approximately in a more general multiserver setting. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the approximations and the practical value of the model. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1979.abstract [article] Modeling security-check queues [texte imprimé] / Zhe George Zhang, Auteur ; Hsing Paul Luh, Auteur ; Chia-Hung Wang, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1979-1995. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1979-1995 Mots-clés : Security  inspection  level  Service  capacity  Two-stage  queue  Renewal  process  approximation  Coxian  distribution  Quasi-birth-and-death  process Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Motivated by the waiting lines between the U.S.–Canadian border crossings, we investigate a security-check system with both security and customer service goals. In such a system, every customer has to be inspected by the first-stage inspector, but only a proportion of customers need to go through the second stage for further inspection. This “further inspection proportion,” affecting both security screening and the system congestion, becomes a key decision variable for the security-check system. Using a stylized two-stage queueing model, we established the convexity of the expected waiting cost function. With such a property, the optimal further inspection proportion can be determined to achieve the balance of the two goals and the service capacities can be classified into “security-favorable,” “security-unfavorable,” or “security-infeasible” categories. A specific capacity category implies if the security and customer service goals are consistent or in conflict. In addition, we have verified that the properties discovered in the stylized model also hold approximately in a more general multiserver setting. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the approximations and the practical value of the model. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1979.abstract

Simple economics of the price-setting newsvendor problem / Michael Salinger in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1996-1998 Titre : Simple economics of the price-setting newsvendor problem Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael Salinger, Auteur ; Miguel Ampudia, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1996-1998 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cost  analysis  Inventory/production  Perishable/aging  items  Uncertainty  Marketing  Pricing Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The Lerner relationship linking the profit-maximizing price to marginal cost and the elasticity of demand generalizes to the price-setting newsvendor, and the result resolves the puzzle over the different effects of additive and multiplicative uncertainty on the solution. Multiplicative uncertainty increases the optimal price because it increases the marginal cost of a unit sold and does not affect the markup factor. Additive uncertainty has no effect on the marginal cost of a unit sold and lowers the markup factor because it increases the elasticity of the average quantity sold with respect to price. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1996.abstract [article] Simple economics of the price-setting newsvendor problem [texte imprimé] / Michael Salinger, Auteur ; Miguel Ampudia, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1996-1998. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1996-1998 Mots-clés : Cost  analysis  Inventory/production  Perishable/aging  items  Uncertainty  Marketing  Pricing Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : The Lerner relationship linking the profit-maximizing price to marginal cost and the elasticity of demand generalizes to the price-setting newsvendor, and the result resolves the puzzle over the different effects of additive and multiplicative uncertainty on the solution. Multiplicative uncertainty increases the optimal price because it increases the marginal cost of a unit sold and does not affect the markup factor. Additive uncertainty has no effect on the marginal cost of a unit sold and lowers the markup factor because it increases the elasticity of the average quantity sold with respect to price. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1996.abstract

Stars and Misfits / Thomas Åstebro in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1999-2017 Titre : Stars and Misfits : Self-Employment and Labor Market Frictions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Thomas Åstebro, Auteur ; Jing Chen, Auteur ; Peter Thompson, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1999-2017 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Entrepreneurship  Self-employment  Jack-of-all-trades  Skill  complementarity Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Recent evidence has shown that entrants into self-employment are disproportionately drawn from the tails of the earnings and ability distributions. This observation is explained by a multitask model of occupational choice in which frictions in the labor market induce mismatches between firms and workers, and misassignment of workers to tasks. The model also yields distinctive predictions relating prior work histories to earnings and to the probability of entry into self-employment. These predictions are tested with the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, from which we find considerable support for the model. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1999.abstract [article] Stars and Misfits : Self-Employment and Labor Market Frictions [texte imprimé] / Thomas Åstebro, Auteur ; Jing Chen, Auteur ; Peter Thompson, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1999-2017. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 1999-2017 Mots-clés : Entrepreneurship  Self-employment  Jack-of-all-trades  Skill  complementarity Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Recent evidence has shown that entrants into self-employment are disproportionately drawn from the tails of the earnings and ability distributions. This observation is explained by a multitask model of occupational choice in which frictions in the labor market induce mismatches between firms and workers, and misassignment of workers to tasks. The model also yields distinctive predictions relating prior work histories to earnings and to the probability of entry into self-employment. These predictions are tested with the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, from which we find considerable support for the model. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/1999.abstract

Extracting business value from IT / J. J. Po-An Hsieh in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 2018-2039 Titre : Extracting business value from IT : A sensemaking perspective of post-adoptive use Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. J. Po-An Hsieh, Auteur ; Arun Rai, Auteur ; Sean Xin Xu, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 2018-2039 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Business  value  Information  technology  Post-adoptive  behavior  Extended  use  Sensemaking  Feedback  mechanisms  Customer  relationship  management  CRM  technology Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : How can firms extract value from already-implemented information technologies (IT) that support the work processes of employees? One approach is to stimulate employees to engage in post-adoptive extended use, i.e., to learn and apply more of the available functions of the implemented technologies to support their work. Such learning behavior of extending functions in use is ingrained in a process by which users make sense of the technologies in the context of their work system. This study draws on sensemaking theory to develop a model to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of customer service employees' extended use of customer relationship management (CRM) technologies. The model is tested using multisource longitudinal data collected through a field study of one of the world's largest telecommunications service providers. Our results suggest that employees engage in post-adoptive sensemaking at two levels: technology and work system. We found that sensemaking at both of these levels impacts the extended use of CRM technologies. Employees' sensemaking at the technology level is influenced by employees' assessment of technology quality, whereas employees' sensemaking at the work system level is influenced by customers' assessment of service quality. Moreover, in the case of low technology quality and low service quality, specific mechanisms for employee feedback should be conceptualized and aligned at two levels: through employee participation at the technology level and through work system coordination at the work system level. Such alignment can mitigate the undesirable effect of low technology quality and low service quality, thereby facilitating extended use. Importantly, we found that extended use amplifies employees' service capacity, leading to better objective performance. Put together, our findings highlight the critical role of employees' sensemaking about the implemented technologies in promoting their extended use of IT and improving their work performance. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/2018.abstract [article] Extracting business value from IT : A sensemaking perspective of post-adoptive use [texte imprimé] / J. J. Po-An Hsieh, Auteur ; Arun Rai, Auteur ; Sean Xin Xu, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 2018-2039. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 2018-2039 Mots-clés : Business  value  Information  technology  Post-adoptive  behavior  Extended  use  Sensemaking  Feedback  mechanisms  Customer  relationship  management  CRM  technology Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : How can firms extract value from already-implemented information technologies (IT) that support the work processes of employees? One approach is to stimulate employees to engage in post-adoptive extended use, i.e., to learn and apply more of the available functions of the implemented technologies to support their work. Such learning behavior of extending functions in use is ingrained in a process by which users make sense of the technologies in the context of their work system. This study draws on sensemaking theory to develop a model to understand the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of customer service employees' extended use of customer relationship management (CRM) technologies. The model is tested using multisource longitudinal data collected through a field study of one of the world's largest telecommunications service providers. Our results suggest that employees engage in post-adoptive sensemaking at two levels: technology and work system. We found that sensemaking at both of these levels impacts the extended use of CRM technologies. Employees' sensemaking at the technology level is influenced by employees' assessment of technology quality, whereas employees' sensemaking at the work system level is influenced by customers' assessment of service quality. Moreover, in the case of low technology quality and low service quality, specific mechanisms for employee feedback should be conceptualized and aligned at two levels: through employee participation at the technology level and through work system coordination at the work system level. Such alignment can mitigate the undesirable effect of low technology quality and low service quality, thereby facilitating extended use. Importantly, we found that extended use amplifies employees' service capacity, leading to better objective performance. Put together, our findings highlight the critical role of employees' sensemaking about the implemented technologies in promoting their extended use of IT and improving their work performance. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/2018.abstract

Integrated product architecture and pricing for managing sequential innovation / Vish Krishnan in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 2040-2053 Titre : Integrated product architecture and pricing for managing sequential innovation Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vish Krishnan, Auteur ; Karthik Ramachandran, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 2040-2053 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Product  design  and  pricing  Modular  upgradability  Sequential  innovation Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Science and technology advances drive firms to continually enhance their product's performance and launch sequentially improving offerings. Firms face challenges in marketing such improving products to well-informed, forward-looking consumers who anticipate product improvements and seek to delay their purchase timing. Product design, specifically a modular upgradable architecture in which improving and stable subsystems of a product are separated and selectively upgraded, can be a valuable approach for marketers to alleviate consumer concerns about product obsolescence. However, such an architecture-based approach can present new challenges as well, and dealing with them requires carefully coordinated cross-functional decision making by the firm. In this paper, we identify and formalize the notion of design inconsistency, which refers to the monopolist firm's inability to commit to future product design architectures. We find that firms experience design inconsistency even when they are able to commit to future prices, and design inconsistency lowers firm profits as well as consumer surplus. We then derive a joint product architecture and pricing approach to solve this problem; this enables an innovating firm to optimally and in a time-consistent manner launch modular upgradable products. The modeling and analysis in the paper lends insight into types of markets and products for which modular upgradability is most appropriate and offers guidelines on making pricing and product design decisions jointly for managing sequential innovation. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/2040.abstract [article] Integrated product architecture and pricing for managing sequential innovation [texte imprimé] / Vish Krishnan, Auteur ; Karthik Ramachandran, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 2040-2053. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 2040-2053 Mots-clés : Product  design  and  pricing  Modular  upgradability  Sequential  innovation Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Science and technology advances drive firms to continually enhance their product's performance and launch sequentially improving offerings. Firms face challenges in marketing such improving products to well-informed, forward-looking consumers who anticipate product improvements and seek to delay their purchase timing. Product design, specifically a modular upgradable architecture in which improving and stable subsystems of a product are separated and selectively upgraded, can be a valuable approach for marketers to alleviate consumer concerns about product obsolescence. However, such an architecture-based approach can present new challenges as well, and dealing with them requires carefully coordinated cross-functional decision making by the firm. In this paper, we identify and formalize the notion of design inconsistency, which refers to the monopolist firm's inability to commit to future product design architectures. We find that firms experience design inconsistency even when they are able to commit to future prices, and design inconsistency lowers firm profits as well as consumer surplus. We then derive a joint product architecture and pricing approach to solve this problem; this enables an innovating firm to optimally and in a time-consistent manner launch modular upgradable products. The modeling and analysis in the paper lends insight into types of markets and products for which modular upgradability is most appropriate and offers guidelines on making pricing and product design decisions jointly for managing sequential innovation. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/2040.abstract

Preference reversals under ambiguity / Hela Maafi in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 2054-2066 Titre : Preference reversals under ambiguity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hela Maafi, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 2054-2066 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ambiguity  Classical  preference  reversal  Choice  versus  valuation  Prospect  theory  Decision  weights Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Preference reversals have been widely studied using risky or riskless gambles. However, little is known about preference reversals under ambiguity (unknown probabilities). Subjects were asked to make a binary choice between ambiguous P-bets (big likelihood of giving small prize) and ambiguous $-bets (small likelihood of giving large prize) and their willingness to accept was elicited. Subjects then performed the same two tasks with risky bets, where the probability of winning for a given risky bet is the center of the probability interval of the corresponding ambiguous bet. Preference reversals are not only replicated under ambiguity but are even stronger than are those under risk. This is due to higher elicited prices for the $-bet and lower elicited prices for the P-bet under ambiguity than under risk. This result can be explained by the shape of the weighting function for different levels of uncertainty and for different elicitation modes. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/2054.abstract [article] Preference reversals under ambiguity [texte imprimé] / Hela Maafi, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 2054-2066. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 2054-2066 Mots-clés : Ambiguity  Classical  preference  reversal  Choice  versus  valuation  Prospect  theory  Decision  weights Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : Preference reversals have been widely studied using risky or riskless gambles. However, little is known about preference reversals under ambiguity (unknown probabilities). Subjects were asked to make a binary choice between ambiguous P-bets (big likelihood of giving small prize) and ambiguous $-bets (small likelihood of giving large prize) and their willingness to accept was elicited. Subjects then performed the same two tasks with risky bets, where the probability of winning for a given risky bet is the center of the probability interval of the corresponding ambiguous bet. Preference reversals are not only replicated under ambiguity but are even stronger than are those under risk. This is due to higher elicited prices for the $-bet and lower elicited prices for the P-bet under ambiguity than under risk. This result can be explained by the shape of the weighting function for different levels of uncertainty and for different elicitation modes. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/2054.abstract

Option pricing under a mixed-exponential jump diffusion model / Ning Cai in Management science, Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 2067-2081 Titre : Option pricing under a mixed-exponential jump diffusion model Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ning Cai, Auteur ; S. G. Kou, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 2067-2081 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Jump  diffusion  Mixed-exponential  distributions  Lookback  options  Barrier  options  Merton's  normal  jump  diffusion  model  First  passage  times Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper aims to extend the analytical tractability of the Black–Scholes model to alternative models with arbitrary jump size distributions. More precisely, we propose a jump diffusion model for asset prices whose jump sizes have a mixed-exponential distribution, which is a weighted average of exponential distributions but with possibly negative weights. The new model extends existing models, such as hyperexponential and double-exponential jump diffusion models, because the mixed-exponential distribution can approximate any distribution as closely as possible, including the normal distribution and various heavy-tailed distributions. The mixed-exponential jump diffusion model can lead to analytical solutions for Laplace transforms of prices and sensitivity parameters for path-dependent options such as lookback and barrier options. The Laplace transforms can be inverted via the Euler inversion algorithm. Numerical experiments indicate that the formulae are easy to implement and accurate. The analytical solutions are made possible mainly because we solve a high-order integro-differential equation explicitly. A calibration example for SPY options shows that the model can provide a reasonable fit even for options with very short maturity, such as one day. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/2067.abstract [article] Option pricing under a mixed-exponential jump diffusion model [texte imprimé] / Ning Cai, Auteur ; S. G. Kou, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 2067-2081. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Management science > Vol. 57 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - pp. 2067-2081 Mots-clés : Jump  diffusion  Mixed-exponential  distributions  Lookback  options  Barrier  options  Merton's  normal  jump  diffusion  model  First  passage  times Index. décimale : 658 Organisation des entreprises. Techniques du commerce Résumé : This paper aims to extend the analytical tractability of the Black–Scholes model to alternative models with arbitrary jump size distributions. More precisely, we propose a jump diffusion model for asset prices whose jump sizes have a mixed-exponential distribution, which is a weighted average of exponential distributions but with possibly negative weights. The new model extends existing models, such as hyperexponential and double-exponential jump diffusion models, because the mixed-exponential distribution can approximate any distribution as closely as possible, including the normal distribution and various heavy-tailed distributions. The mixed-exponential jump diffusion model can lead to analytical solutions for Laplace transforms of prices and sensitivity parameters for path-dependent options such as lookback and barrier options. The Laplace transforms can be inverted via the Euler inversion algorithm. Numerical experiments indicate that the formulae are easy to implement and accurate. The analytical solutions are made possible mainly because we solve a high-order integro-differential equation explicitly. A calibration example for SPY options shows that the model can provide a reasonable fit even for options with very short maturity, such as one day. DEWEY : 658 ISSN : 0025-1909 En ligne : http://mansci.journal.informs.org/content/57/11/2067.abstract

Exemplaires

Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

Accueil

Se connecter

Météo

Adresse