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Observations on the process of backward erosion piping in small-, medium- and fullscale experiments / Vera M. Van Beek in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1115-1137 Titre : Observations on the process of backward erosion piping in small-, medium- and fullscale experiments Titre original : Observations du processus d'érosion régressive avec des expériences à petite, moyenne et grande échelle Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Vera M. Van Beek, Auteur ; Han Knoeff, Auteur ; Hans Sellmeijer, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1115-1137 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Backward  erosion  Piping  Observation  Phases  Experiment  Full-scale  Laboratory  work Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Small-, medium- and full-scale experiments are performed to investigate the process of backward erosion piping and to validate the model of Sellmeijer. The observed processes are described in this article and are divided in four phases: seepage, backward erosion, widening of pipe and levee failure. Initially the erosion activity consists of very limited not noticeable sand transport. Increase of hydraulic head results in backward erosion, marked by the occurrence of continuously sand transporting sand boils. The transition from backward erosion to the widening of the pipe cannot be observed by the amount of transported sand or the flow rate. Failure can take place within a short time. The swift transformation of small sand boils to levee failure therefore appears to be extremely hazardous when determining the seriousness of piping underneath a levee. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16703 [article] Observations on the process of backward erosion piping in small-, medium- and fullscale experiments = Observations du processus d'érosion régressive avec des expériences à petite, moyenne et grande échelle [texte imprimé] / Vera M. Van Beek, Auteur ; Han Knoeff, Auteur ; Hans Sellmeijer, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1115-1137. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1115-1137 Mots-clés : Backward  erosion  Piping  Observation  Phases  Experiment  Full-scale  Laboratory  work Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Small-, medium- and full-scale experiments are performed to investigate the process of backward erosion piping and to validate the model of Sellmeijer. The observed processes are described in this article and are divided in four phases: seepage, backward erosion, widening of pipe and levee failure. Initially the erosion activity consists of very limited not noticeable sand transport. Increase of hydraulic head results in backward erosion, marked by the occurrence of continuously sand transporting sand boils. The transition from backward erosion to the widening of the pipe cannot be observed by the amount of transported sand or the flow rate. Failure can take place within a short time. The swift transformation of small sand boils to levee failure therefore appears to be extremely hazardous when determining the seriousness of piping underneath a levee. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16703

Fine-tuning of the backward erosion piping model through small-scale, medium-scale and IJkdijk experiments / Hans Sellmeijer in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1139-1154 Titre : Fine-tuning of the backward erosion piping model through small-scale, medium-scale and IJkdijk experiments Titre original : Identification du modèle d'érosion régressive sur des expérimentations à petite et moyenne échelle, et sur l'expérimentation IJkdijk Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hans Sellmeijer, Auteur ; Juliana Lopez de la Cruz, Auteur ; Vera M. Van Beek, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1139-1154 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Experiments  Backward  erosion  Piping  model  Multivariate  analysis  Permeability Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : A semi-theoretical model is available to estimate the effect of backward erosion piping by underseepage in a dike by computing the critical head. The model accounts for the groundwater flow through the subsoil, pipe flow through the erosion channel and a limited particle equilibrium at the bottom of the channel. This model is extended and updated with the results of a wide range of tests presented in the paper of (Van Beek et al., 2011). The smallscale tests are analyzed by means of a multivariate regression in order to identify the level of influence of each variable. The regression outcome for the permeability corresponds precisely with the outcome of the prediction rule. The effect of relative density, uniformity and particle roundness is empirically dealt with. The role of the particle size is adapted in the new empirical formulation. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16704 [article] Fine-tuning of the backward erosion piping model through small-scale, medium-scale and IJkdijk experiments = Identification du modèle d'érosion régressive sur des expérimentations à petite et moyenne échelle, et sur l'expérimentation IJkdijk [texte imprimé] / Hans Sellmeijer, Auteur ; Juliana Lopez de la Cruz, Auteur ; Vera M. Van Beek, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1139-1154. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1139-1154 Mots-clés : Experiments  Backward  erosion  Piping  model  Multivariate  analysis  Permeability Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : A semi-theoretical model is available to estimate the effect of backward erosion piping by underseepage in a dike by computing the critical head. The model accounts for the groundwater flow through the subsoil, pipe flow through the erosion channel and a limited particle equilibrium at the bottom of the channel. This model is extended and updated with the results of a wide range of tests presented in the paper of (Van Beek et al., 2011). The smallscale tests are analyzed by means of a multivariate regression in order to identify the level of influence of each variable. The regression outcome for the permeability corresponds precisely with the outcome of the prediction rule. The effect of relative density, uniformity and particle roundness is empirically dealt with. The role of the particle size is adapted in the new empirical formulation. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16704

Experimental identification of mobile particles in suffusible non cohesive soils / Mohamad R. Salehi Sadaghiani in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1155-1165 Titre : Experimental identification of mobile particles in suffusible non cohesive soils Titre original : Identification expérimentale des particules mobiles dans les sols sans cohésion soumis à la suffusion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mohamad R. Salehi Sadaghiani, Auteur ; Karl Josef Witt, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1155-1165 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Suffusion  Mobile  particles  Suffusive  particles  Hydraulic  earth  structure Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : The suffusion processes could be generated by internal seepage flows within dams and dikes. Grain size distribution and porosity change during suffusion processes in negative aspect. Recently the failure of many dams and dikes has been observed and it shows unavoidable necessity of getting more knowledge of this phenomena. With this intention, an experimental device has been developed that can apply hydraulic impact to reconstituted gapgraded non cohesive soils. With a new developed evaluation procedure we were capable to identify the mobile and suffusive particles. It was concluded that the degree of suffusion of a soil is closely related to the local segregation of the particles inside the soil body. The extent of suffusion was dependent on the homogeneity of the soil. The study emphasizes the complexity of effects of particle arrangement on the degree of suffusibility. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16705 [article] Experimental identification of mobile particles in suffusible non cohesive soils = Identification expérimentale des particules mobiles dans les sols sans cohésion soumis à la suffusion [texte imprimé] / Mohamad R. Salehi Sadaghiani, Auteur ; Karl Josef Witt, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1155-1165. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1155-1165 Mots-clés : Suffusion  Mobile  particles  Suffusive  particles  Hydraulic  earth  structure Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : The suffusion processes could be generated by internal seepage flows within dams and dikes. Grain size distribution and porosity change during suffusion processes in negative aspect. Recently the failure of many dams and dikes has been observed and it shows unavoidable necessity of getting more knowledge of this phenomena. With this intention, an experimental device has been developed that can apply hydraulic impact to reconstituted gapgraded non cohesive soils. With a new developed evaluation procedure we were capable to identify the mobile and suffusive particles. It was concluded that the degree of suffusion of a soil is closely related to the local segregation of the particles inside the soil body. The extent of suffusion was dependent on the homogeneity of the soil. The study emphasizes the complexity of effects of particle arrangement on the degree of suffusibility. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16705

Investigation of interface erosion rate by Jet Erosion Test and statistical analysis / Pierre-Louis Regazzoni in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1167-1185 Titre : Investigation of interface erosion rate by Jet Erosion Test and statistical analysis Titre original : Analyse de la vitesse d'érosion d'interface par Jet Erosion Test et analyse statistique Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Pierre-Louis Regazzoni, Auteur ; Didier Marot, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1167-1185 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Soil  erosion  JET  Cohesive  soils  Energy  Statistical  analysis  Water  flow  Dynamic  compaction Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Erosion is one of the main causes of instabilities within hydraulic earth structures. Two types of erosion can be distinguished: suffusion and interface erosion. This paper deals with the interface erosion phenomenon and the Jet Erosion Test is used in order to evaluate the erodibility of fine soils. A new energy analysis of the test is developed, relating the total eroded mass to the dissipated fluid energy. A new erosion resistance index is proposed. The erodibility is evaluated for twelve natural soil specimens which are compacted with the Proctor protocol. They represent a large range of erosion sensitivity. A wide dissipated hydraulic energy scale appears and a statistical analysis is carried out which gives a correlation of the erosion resistance index with three physical parameters. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16706 [article] Investigation of interface erosion rate by Jet Erosion Test and statistical analysis = Analyse de la vitesse d'érosion d'interface par Jet Erosion Test et analyse statistique [texte imprimé] / Pierre-Louis Regazzoni, Auteur ; Didier Marot, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1167-1185. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1167-1185 Mots-clés : Soil  erosion  JET  Cohesive  soils  Energy  Statistical  analysis  Water  flow  Dynamic  compaction Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Erosion is one of the main causes of instabilities within hydraulic earth structures. Two types of erosion can be distinguished: suffusion and interface erosion. This paper deals with the interface erosion phenomenon and the Jet Erosion Test is used in order to evaluate the erodibility of fine soils. A new energy analysis of the test is developed, relating the total eroded mass to the dissipated fluid energy. A new erosion resistance index is proposed. The erodibility is evaluated for twelve natural soil specimens which are compacted with the Proctor protocol. They represent a large range of erosion sensitivity. A wide dissipated hydraulic energy scale appears and a statistical analysis is carried out which gives a correlation of the erosion resistance index with three physical parameters. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16706

Numerical modeling of erosion using an improvement of the extended finite element method / Cottereau, Régis in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1187-1206 Titre : Numerical modeling of erosion using an improvement of the extended finite element method Titre original : Modélisation numérique de l'érosion avec une amélioration de la méthode des éléments finis étendus Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Cottereau, Régis, Auteur ; Pedro Diez, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1187-1206 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Erosion  Level-set  XFEM  Darcy’s  law  Stokes  equations  Homogenization Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : We present in this paper a numerical model of the erosion of a soil that accounts for both the flow in the open fluid and the flow of fluid through the porous soil. The interface between the open fluid and the soil is represented using a level-set function, and the erosion is controlled by the shear stress vector. The evaluation of the approximate value of this gradient is particularly focused on, and an improved method, called XFE+ method, is presented. Numerical results in 2D and 3D illustrate the accuracy and the potentiality of this method. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16707 [article] Numerical modeling of erosion using an improvement of the extended finite element method = Modélisation numérique de l'érosion avec une amélioration de la méthode des éléments finis étendus [texte imprimé] / Cottereau, Régis, Auteur ; Pedro Diez, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1187-1206. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1187-1206 Mots-clés : Erosion  Level-set  XFEM  Darcy’s  law  Stokes  equations  Homogenization Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : We present in this paper a numerical model of the erosion of a soil that accounts for both the flow in the open fluid and the flow of fluid through the porous soil. The interface between the open fluid and the soil is represented using a level-set function, and the erosion is controlled by the shear stress vector. The evaluation of the approximate value of this gradient is particularly focused on, and an improved method, called XFE+ method, is presented. Numerical results in 2D and 3D illustrate the accuracy and the potentiality of this method. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16707

Micromechanical modeling of internal erosion / Stéphane Bonelli in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1207-1224 Titre : Micromechanical modeling of internal erosion Titre original : Modélisation micromécanique de l'érosion interne Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Stéphane Bonelli, Auteur ; Didier Marot, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1207-1224 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Internal  erosion  Suffusion  Interfacial  erosion  Homogenization Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Suffusion is the internal erosion process by which finer soil particles are detached from the solid matrix, and transported through constrictions by seepage flow. At the macroscopic scale, this is a bulk erosion process and corresponds to a source term in the mass balance equations. This paper constitutes a step towards bridging the gap between the counter intuitive bulk erosion model and our intuition that erosion is essentially an interfacial process. We suggest that a framework within suffusion can be viewed as a clay/water interface erosion at the microsopic scale. The coefficient of surface erosion appears to be a relevant parameter for the suffusion bulk erosion law. The comparison between the results of the present modeling study and previously published experimental data supports the validity of our approach. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16708 [article] Micromechanical modeling of internal erosion = Modélisation micromécanique de l'érosion interne [texte imprimé] / Stéphane Bonelli, Auteur ; Didier Marot, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1207-1224. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1207-1224 Mots-clés : Internal  erosion  Suffusion  Interfacial  erosion  Homogenization Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Suffusion is the internal erosion process by which finer soil particles are detached from the solid matrix, and transported through constrictions by seepage flow. At the macroscopic scale, this is a bulk erosion process and corresponds to a source term in the mass balance equations. This paper constitutes a step towards bridging the gap between the counter intuitive bulk erosion model and our intuition that erosion is essentially an interfacial process. We suggest that a framework within suffusion can be viewed as a clay/water interface erosion at the microsopic scale. The coefficient of surface erosion appears to be a relevant parameter for the suffusion bulk erosion law. The comparison between the results of the present modeling study and previously published experimental data supports the validity of our approach. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16708

Numerical modeling of suffusion as an interfacial erosion process / Frédéric Golay in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1225-1241 Titre : Numerical modeling of suffusion as an interfacial erosion process Titre original : Modélisation numérique de la suffusion comme une érosion interfaciale Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Frédéric Golay, Auteur ; Stéphane Bonelli, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1225-1241 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Suffusion  Internal  erosion  Finite  volume  Level-set  Interface  Fictitious  domain Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Suffusion is an internal erosion process which occurs when finer soil particles are detached by seepage flow and start moving within the pore space of larger particles. Suffusion can be viewed as clay/water interface erosion. The aim of this study is to use a numerical model for simulating surface erosion occurring at a fluid/soil interface subject to a flow process at pore scale. Balance equations with jump relations are used. A penalization procedure including a fictitious domain method is used to compute the Stokes flow around obstacles, in order to avoid body-fitted unstructured meshes and instead use fast and efficient finite volume approximations on Cartesian meshes. The evolution of the water/soil interface is described by using a level-set function. The ability of the model to predict suffusion is confirmed by several numerical simulations. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16709 [article] Numerical modeling of suffusion as an interfacial erosion process = Modélisation numérique de la suffusion comme une érosion interfaciale [texte imprimé] / Frédéric Golay, Auteur ; Stéphane Bonelli, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1225-1241. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° 8 (Août 2011) . - pp. 1225-1241 Mots-clés : Suffusion  Internal  erosion  Finite  volume  Level-set  Interface  Fictitious  domain Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Suffusion is an internal erosion process which occurs when finer soil particles are detached by seepage flow and start moving within the pore space of larger particles. Suffusion can be viewed as clay/water interface erosion. The aim of this study is to use a numerical model for simulating surface erosion occurring at a fluid/soil interface subject to a flow process at pore scale. Balance equations with jump relations are used. A penalization procedure including a fictitious domain method is used to compute the Stokes flow around obstacles, in order to avoid body-fitted unstructured meshes and instead use fast and efficient finite volume approximations on Cartesian meshes. The evolution of the water/soil interface is described by using a level-set function. The ability of the model to predict suffusion is confirmed by several numerical simulations. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16709

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