Dépouillements

Snow mechanics applied to avalanche risk mitigation / Nicot, François in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 15-30 Titre : Snow mechanics applied to avalanche risk mitigation Titre original : Mécanique de la neige appliquée au génie par avalanche Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nicot, François, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 15-30 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Micro-mechanics  Snow  Micro-structure  Homogenization  Discrete  elements  Cables  structures  Mechanical  interaction  Structure  design Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : The snow avalanche risk is usually mitigated by means of specific structures set up in triggering zones. These structures are designed in order to prevent avalanches from occurring. Thus, a description of the mechanisms governing the interaction between the snow mantel and the structure is required. For this purpose, the complexity of the snow material, made up of an assembly of contacting ice grains, should be accounted for. This paper aims at presenting a multiscale approach, leading to the implementation of a micro-mechanical model of snow within a Lagrangian-discrete numerical code describing the behavior of the structure. Both intra- and inter-granular deformation mechanisms in the snow material are considered. Then, after a discussion on the different scales of interest, and on how they are connected, the results of numerical simulations are finally commented in order to emphasize the capability of the numerical tool developed for engineering purposes. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16584 [article] Snow mechanics applied to avalanche risk mitigation = Mécanique de la neige appliquée au génie par avalanche [texte imprimé] / Nicot, François, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 15-30. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 15-30 Mots-clés : Micro-mechanics  Snow  Micro-structure  Homogenization  Discrete  elements  Cables  structures  Mechanical  interaction  Structure  design Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : The snow avalanche risk is usually mitigated by means of specific structures set up in triggering zones. These structures are designed in order to prevent avalanches from occurring. Thus, a description of the mechanisms governing the interaction between the snow mantel and the structure is required. For this purpose, the complexity of the snow material, made up of an assembly of contacting ice grains, should be accounted for. This paper aims at presenting a multiscale approach, leading to the implementation of a micro-mechanical model of snow within a Lagrangian-discrete numerical code describing the behavior of the structure. Both intra- and inter-granular deformation mechanisms in the snow material are considered. Then, after a discussion on the different scales of interest, and on how they are connected, the results of numerical simulations are finally commented in order to emphasize the capability of the numerical tool developed for engineering purposes. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16584

Towards SPH modelling of failure problems in geomechanics / Thomas Blanc in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 31-49 Titre : Towards SPH modelling of failure problems in geomechanics : A fractional step Taylor-SPH model Titre original : Vers une approximation SPH des problèmes de rupture en géomécanique : un modèle de pas fractionnel du type Taylor-SPH Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Thomas Blanc, Auteur ; Manuel Pastor, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 31-49 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dynamics  Localization  Fractional  step  Runge-Kutta  Taylor-SPH  Viscoplasticity  Coupled  problems Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Failure of geomaterials with pores filled with fluids is an important research area in both civil and geological engineering. Many Finite Element (FE) formulations for coupled problems present difficulties such as overestimating failure loads, or mesh alignment dependence resulting on spurious failure mechanisms. Moreover, the spaces where field variables are approximated have to fulfill additional requirements ensuring stability. Stressvelocity-pore pressure formulations in FE analysis provide accurate results for wave propagation and failure analysis. However, FE present important limitations when deformations are large. The purpose of this paper is to present a stabilized Fractional Step, SPH algorithm which combines the advantages of the SPH method for large deformation problems with those of the Taylor-Galerkin algorithm used within the FE framework. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16585 [article] Towards SPH modelling of failure problems in geomechanics = Vers une approximation SPH des problèmes de rupture en géomécanique : un modèle de pas fractionnel du type Taylor-SPH : A fractional step Taylor-SPH model [texte imprimé] / Thomas Blanc, Auteur ; Manuel Pastor, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 31-49. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 31-49 Mots-clés : Dynamics  Localization  Fractional  step  Runge-Kutta  Taylor-SPH  Viscoplasticity  Coupled  problems Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : Failure of geomaterials with pores filled with fluids is an important research area in both civil and geological engineering. Many Finite Element (FE) formulations for coupled problems present difficulties such as overestimating failure loads, or mesh alignment dependence resulting on spurious failure mechanisms. Moreover, the spaces where field variables are approximated have to fulfill additional requirements ensuring stability. Stressvelocity-pore pressure formulations in FE analysis provide accurate results for wave propagation and failure analysis. However, FE present important limitations when deformations are large. The purpose of this paper is to present a stabilized Fractional Step, SPH algorithm which combines the advantages of the SPH method for large deformation problems with those of the Taylor-Galerkin algorithm used within the FE framework. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16585

Depth integrated modelling of fast landslide propagation / Thomas Blanc in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 51-72 Titre : Depth integrated modelling of fast landslide propagation Titre original : Un modèle intégré en profondeur pour la propagation des glissements de terrains rapides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Thomas Blanc, Auteur ; Manuel Pastor, Auteur ; Mila Sanchez, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 51-72 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Landslide  Propagation  Depth  integrated  equations  SPH  Bingham  fluids  Cohesive-frictional  fluid Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This paper deals with a simple yet effective model which can be used for prediction of propagation of fast catastrophic landslides. The main ingredients are: i) a hierarchical set of mathematical models describing the coupled behaviour between solid skeleton and pore fluids. Here we will arrive to a coupled depth integrated model; ii) a rheological model describing the behaviour of the fluidized soil; iii) a numerical model to discretize mathematical and rheological models. The model performance has been assessed using a set of benchmark tests, including some provided by the Hong Kong Geotechnical Engineering Office. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16586 [article] Depth integrated modelling of fast landslide propagation = Un modèle intégré en profondeur pour la propagation des glissements de terrains rapides [texte imprimé] / Thomas Blanc, Auteur ; Manuel Pastor, Auteur ; Mila Sanchez, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 51-72. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 51-72 Mots-clés : Landslide  Propagation  Depth  integrated  equations  SPH  Bingham  fluids  Cohesive-frictional  fluid Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This paper deals with a simple yet effective model which can be used for prediction of propagation of fast catastrophic landslides. The main ingredients are: i) a hierarchical set of mathematical models describing the coupled behaviour between solid skeleton and pore fluids. Here we will arrive to a coupled depth integrated model; ii) a rheological model describing the behaviour of the fluidized soil; iii) a numerical model to discretize mathematical and rheological models. The model performance has been assessed using a set of benchmark tests, including some provided by the Hong Kong Geotechnical Engineering Office. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16586

Rockfall shelters covered by granular layers / Francesco Calvetti in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 73-100 Titre : Rockfall shelters covered by granular layers : Experiments and design approach Titre original : Dimensionnement des galeries pare-pierres. Expérimentation et conception Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Francesco Calvetti, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 73-100 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Rockfall  shelters  Impact  force  Stress  propagation  Dynamic  structural  response  Design  approach Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This paper describes an uncoupled approach for the design of rockfall protection tunnels. More precisely, this approach concerns tunnels covered by soil layers, and it derives from the interpretation of real scale tests. Within this approach tools are provided for evaluating the impact force acting at the boulder-soil interface and for describing the propagation of stresses through the soil stratum. The experimental basis and the modelling tools are described in dedicated sections. Engineering considerations about the dynamic excitation of the sheltering tunnel are also suggested on the basis of the behaviour observed during experiments. Finally, a section is devoted to an application of the method. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16587 [article] Rockfall shelters covered by granular layers = Dimensionnement des galeries pare-pierres. Expérimentation et conception : Experiments and design approach [texte imprimé] / Francesco Calvetti, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 73-100. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 73-100 Mots-clés : Rockfall  shelters  Impact  force  Stress  propagation  Dynamic  structural  response  Design  approach Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This paper describes an uncoupled approach for the design of rockfall protection tunnels. More precisely, this approach concerns tunnels covered by soil layers, and it derives from the interpretation of real scale tests. Within this approach tools are provided for evaluating the impact force acting at the boulder-soil interface and for describing the propagation of stresses through the soil stratum. The experimental basis and the modelling tools are described in dedicated sections. Engineering considerations about the dynamic excitation of the sheltering tunnel are also suggested on the basis of the behaviour observed during experiments. Finally, a section is devoted to an application of the method. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16587

Concrete structures under impact / Daudeville, Laurent in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 101-140 Titre : Concrete structures under impact Titre original : Structures en béton sous impact Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Daudeville, Laurent, Auteur ; Yann Malécot, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 101-140 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Concrete  Impact  Triaxial  stress  Modelling  Empirical  formulae Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : The upcoming need of concrete structures designed against impulsive loading such impact requires analytical treatments comparable to those existing for structures under static loading in spite of a poor state of knowledge of material behaviour in this range of loading. This paper first presents basic relations and empirical formulae used by civil engineers for the design of concrete structures under impacts. Experimental analyses of concrete behaviour under high triaxial stress and high strain rates show that empirical formulae have to be used with care. Some recent numerical developments are also shown. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16588 [article] Concrete structures under impact = Structures en béton sous impact [texte imprimé] / Daudeville, Laurent, Auteur ; Yann Malécot, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 101-140. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 101-140 Mots-clés : Concrete  Impact  Triaxial  stress  Modelling  Empirical  formulae Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : The upcoming need of concrete structures designed against impulsive loading such impact requires analytical treatments comparable to those existing for structures under static loading in spite of a poor state of knowledge of material behaviour in this range of loading. This paper first presents basic relations and empirical formulae used by civil engineers for the design of concrete structures under impacts. Experimental analyses of concrete behaviour under high triaxial stress and high strain rates show that empirical formulae have to be used with care. Some recent numerical developments are also shown. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16588

Seismic loading / Bard, Pierre-Yves in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 141-184 Titre : Seismic loading : Engineering characterization of seismic ground motion and key controling factors Titre original : Actions sismiques. Caractérisation des mouvements forts et principaux contrôles physiques Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bard, Pierre-Yves, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 141-184 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Earthquakes  Seismic  hazard  Spectra  Peak  values  Seismic  loading  Source  Site  Propagation Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This paper presents the main ground motion parameters which are used in earthquake engineering to characterize the seismic loading, as well as the key phyisclal phenomena that control their value and their variability. A first section shortly outlines the principles of strong motion measurement and the main networks and databases. The next section describes in detail the main strong motion parameters that are routinely used in earthquake engineering, i.e., peak time domain values and spectral characterizatons (response spectra and Fourier spectra).together with a few additional quantities originally introduced to improve the correlation with actual damage. The last section outlines the sensitivity of these ground motion parameters to the macroscopic factors used to describe the physics of the source (moment magnitude, stress drop, etc.) and of wave propagation at regional and local scales. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16589 [article] Seismic loading = Actions sismiques. Caractérisation des mouvements forts et principaux contrôles physiques : Engineering characterization of seismic ground motion and key controling factors [texte imprimé] / Bard, Pierre-Yves, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 141-184. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 141-184 Mots-clés : Earthquakes  Seismic  hazard  Spectra  Peak  values  Seismic  loading  Source  Site  Propagation Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This paper presents the main ground motion parameters which are used in earthquake engineering to characterize the seismic loading, as well as the key phyisclal phenomena that control their value and their variability. A first section shortly outlines the principles of strong motion measurement and the main networks and databases. The next section describes in detail the main strong motion parameters that are routinely used in earthquake engineering, i.e., peak time domain values and spectral characterizatons (response spectra and Fourier spectra).together with a few additional quantities originally introduced to improve the correlation with actual damage. The last section outlines the sensitivity of these ground motion parameters to the macroscopic factors used to describe the physics of the source (moment magnitude, stress drop, etc.) and of wave propagation at regional and local scales. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16589

Seismic response of rigid shallow footings / Claudio Di Prisco in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 185-221 Titre : Seismic response of rigid shallow footings Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Claudio Di Prisco, Auteur ; Federico Pisano, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 185-221 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Shallow  foundations  Seismic  design  Cyclic  loading  Macro-element  Experimental  tests  Numerical  analyses Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This chapter concerns the seismic design of shallow footings and, more specifically, a critical analysis of the soil-structure interaction problem. To highlight the non-linear mechanical response of shallow footings, several experimental test results are reviewed and the so-called “macro-element theory” is introduced as a promising interpretative and simulation tool. Various macro-element approaches are discussed and their employment for seismic design is exemplified by means of some engineering applications. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16590 [article] Seismic response of rigid shallow footings [texte imprimé] / Claudio Di Prisco, Auteur ; Federico Pisano, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 185-221. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 185-221 Mots-clés : Shallow  foundations  Seismic  design  Cyclic  loading  Macro-element  Experimental  tests  Numerical  analyses Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This chapter concerns the seismic design of shallow footings and, more specifically, a critical analysis of the soil-structure interaction problem. To highlight the non-linear mechanical response of shallow footings, several experimental test results are reviewed and the so-called “macro-element theory” is introduced as a promising interpretative and simulation tool. Various macro-element approaches are discussed and their employment for seismic design is exemplified by means of some engineering applications. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16590

Seismic risk / Jacky Mazars in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 223-246 Titre : Seismic risk : Structural response of constructions Titre original : Risques sismiques. Réponse des structures de génie civil Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jacky Mazars, Auteur ; Stéphane Grange, Auteur ; Cédric Desprez, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 223-246 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Earthquakes  Seismic  response  Modal  analysis  Reinforced  concrete  structures  Dynamic  nonlinear  behaviour  Seismic  vulnerability  Retrofit  of  existing  buildings Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This paper presents numerical techniques for computing the response of reinforced concretes structures. From the one degree of freedom case and after the formulation of the equations of dynamic equilibrium, the general case is considered. Two main aspects are treated, the one related to the modal analysis which, in the linear regime, leads to the mode shapes and the natural frequencies, and the one related to the seismic vulnerability analysis which, in the non linear regime, is able to describe the damage location and the critical zones of a given structure. Applications show that the strategy opens on tools useful to design the reinforcement of existing building. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16591 [article] Seismic risk = Risques sismiques. Réponse des structures de génie civil : Structural response of constructions [texte imprimé] / Jacky Mazars, Auteur ; Stéphane Grange, Auteur ; Cédric Desprez, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 223-246. Génie Civil Langues : Anglais (eng) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 15 N° Spécial (Septembre 2011) . - pp. 223-246 Mots-clés : Earthquakes  Seismic  response  Modal  analysis  Reinforced  concrete  structures  Dynamic  nonlinear  behaviour  Seismic  vulnerability  Retrofit  of  existing  buildings Index. décimale : 624 Constructions du génie civil et du bâtiment. Infrastructures. Ouvrages en terres. Fondations. Tunnels. Ponts et charpentes Résumé : This paper presents numerical techniques for computing the response of reinforced concretes structures. From the one degree of freedom case and after the formulation of the equations of dynamic equilibrium, the general case is considered. Two main aspects are treated, the one related to the modal analysis which, in the linear regime, leads to the mode shapes and the natural frequencies, and the one related to the seismic vulnerability analysis which, in the non linear regime, is able to describe the damage location and the critical zones of a given structure. Applications show that the strategy opens on tools useful to design the reinforcement of existing building. DEWEY : 624 ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://ejece.revuesonline.com/article.jsp?articleId=16591

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