Catalogue en ligne Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4112–4118

Titre :	Simulation of settling of solid particles due to sudden impeller stoppage
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Madhavi V. Sardeshpande, Auteur ; Vivek V. Ranade, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4112–4118
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Process industries Catalytic reactions
Résumé :	Stirred tank reactors (STRs), which are used in process industries (for a variety of operations, such as catalytic reactions, dissolution of a solid, crystallization, and so on), often involve handling of solid–liquid (−gas) systems. The solid suspension and the quality of the suspension are key issues in the design and operation of such stirred reactors. Despite extensive experimental work over previous decades, comprehensive understanding and reliable methods to predict the solids suspension and the quality of the suspension are not yet available. Advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and new experimental techniques offer potentially effective ways of understanding solids suspension in stirred tanks. The present work highlights the potential of using transient measurements by way of the dynamic settling of solid particles because of the sudden stoppage of an impeller to evaluate CFD models. Sudden impeller stoppage results in significantly different conditions, in terms of the ratio of particle diameter to Kolomogorov length scale (dp/λ), as well as the solids volume fraction experienced by solid particles. Therefore, experimental data under such sudden impeller stoppage offer a better way to evaluate the influence of prevailing turbulence and solids volume fraction on effective drag and therefore offer a more-stringent test to CFD models than steady-state profiles. Besides facilitating the development of computational models, the experimental and simulation studies of sudden impeller stoppage also provide useful data to gain insight into the behavior of the stirred tank after abrupt impeller stoppage due to sudden power failure.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2028987

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4105–4111

Titre :	Prediction of Physicochemical Properties of Valine Ionic Liquids [Cnmim][Val] (n = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) by Empirical Methods : 2
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Wei-Guo Xu, Auteur ; Xiao-Xue Ma, Auteur ; Long Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4105–4111
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Physicochemical properties Ionic liquids
Résumé :	A new ionic liquid [C3mim][Val] (1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium valine) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR. To avoid the influence of trace water in the ionic liquid (IL), the standard addition method (SAM) was employed; the density and surface tension of the [C3mim][Val] were determined over the temperature range of 303.15–333.15 K (±0.05 K). The experimental density, surface tension, and parachor values at 298.15 K are in good agreement with that predicted by Tong et al. [J. Tong et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.2011, 50, 2418–2423]. Based on the experimental data for [C3mim][Val], a series of physicochemical properties—the molecular volume (Vm), surface tension (γ), refractive index (nD), molar enthalpy of vaporization (ΔlgHm0), the thermal expansion coefficient (α) values, the standard molar entropy (S0), and the molar polarization (Rm)—for the homologue of [Cnmim][Val] (n = 2, 4, 5, 6) were estimated using the empirical methods. The estimated results are consistent with one of Tong’s estimations, in terms of the experimental data for [C2mim][Val].
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201530b

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4101–4104

Titre :	The cause of highly efficient lead removal with silica spheres modifying the surface by a base catalyst
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Kwang-Sun Kang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4101–4104
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Silica spheres Catalyst
Résumé :	The surface of silica spheres was modified using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) with an acid catalyst and a base catalyst. Large aggregation was observed for the spheres modified with an acid catalyst. The spheres modified with an acid catalyst (ACS) show aggregated spheres. However, no aggregation was observed for the spheres modified with a base catalyst (BCS). Aqueous lead solutions with 625 and 1663 ppm were used to test the removal of lead ions. Various amounts of modified spheres were treated to the lead solutions. The lead concentration drastically decreased with the increase of the amount of the spheres. The lead removal efficiency for the BCS is much more effective than that of ACS. For more-quantitative analysis of the residual lead concentration, inductive coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed. As the amount of spheres increased, the lead concentration drastically decreased. The lowest concentration of 1.2 ppb was obtained, which indicates that the lead ion can be completely removed from the aqueous system.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200626m

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4090–4100

Titre :	Laminar mixed convection in inclined triangular enclosures filled with water based Cu nanofluid
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M. M. Rahman, Auteur ; Hakan F. Oztop, Auteur ; A. Ahsan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4090–4100
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Cu nanofluid
Résumé :	This paper presents the results on mixed convection in an inclined lid-driven triangular enclosure filled with water based Cu nanofluid. The enclosure is cooled at the inclined surface and simultaneously heated at the base surface. The vertical wall is adiabatic and moving at a constant speed. The governing equations are solved numerically by the Galerkin finite element method. The effects of parameters such as the Richardson number, nanoparticle volume fraction, and tilt angle on the flow and thermal fields as well as the heat transfer rate of the heated surface are taken into account. The overall heat transfer rate of the heated surface is characterized by the average Nusselt number at the heated surface. It has been observed that the effects of the tilt angle and solid volume fractions are significant on the flow and thermal fields. Besides, an optimum value for the solid volume fraction is found, which results in the maximum heat transfer rate at the considered values of the Richardson numbers. The rate of the increase of the average Nusselt number is slow for higher values of the tilt angle while it is much quicker for lower values of the tilt angle.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201235p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4069–4089

Titre :	Analysis of entropy generation minimization during natural convection in trapezoidal enclosures of various angles with linearly heated side wall (s)
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Tanmay Basak, Auteur ; Pushpendra Kumar, Auteur ; R. Anandalakshmi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4069–4089
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Entropy Trapezoidal
Résumé :	Entropy generation during natural convection in trapezoidal enclosures with various inclination angles (φ), φ = 45°, 60°, and 90° for uniformly heated bottom wall and insulated top wall with linearly heated side walls (case 1) or linearly heated left wall with cold right wall (case 2) have been investigated numerically using penalty finite element method. Parametric studies for the wide range of Rayleigh numbers (Ra = 103–105) and Prandtl numbers (Pr = 0.015–1000) have been performed. Symmetry in flow pattern is observed for case 1. During the conduction regime at low Ra (Ra = 103), the entropy generation in the cavity is dominated by heat transfer irreversibility for all Pr. The strength of fluid flow increases with Ra and that leads to an increase in thermal energy transport due to enhanced convection at Ra = 105. Consequently, the entropy generation due to heat transfer (Sθ) and fluid friction (Sψ) also increases with Ra for all Pr. The comparison of magnitudes of Sθ and Sψ indicates that maximum entropy generation due to heat transfer (Sθ,max) and fluid friction (Sψ,max) is lower for case 1 and higher for case 2. It is found that Sθ,max occurs at the top portion of side walls in case 1, whereas Sθ,max occurs at a hot–cold junction due to a high thermal gradient in case 2. The total entropy generation, Stotal is found to be smaller in case 1 and larger in case 2 for all Pr at Ra = 105. It is observed that Sψ,max occurs at the top wall in both heating situations for Pr = 0.015 and Ra = 105. It is also found that, Sψ,max is observed near side walls in case 1, whereas that is observed near the right cold wall in case 2 for Pr = 0.7 and 1000 at Ra = 105. The total entropy generation (Stotal) is larger for φ = 45° in both heating cases at high Pr (Pr = 1000). The total entropy generation (Stotal) also increases with Pr due to an increase in Sψ with Pr. It is found that, high heat transfer rate (Nub) and minimum entropy generation (Stotal) occur for square cavities at Ra = 105 for all Pr in case 1. It is observed that Stotal is smaller for case 1 compared to case 2, even though high Nub is observed at case 2 for all φs. The inclination angle (φ) has almost identical effect on entropy production rate for 45° ≤ φ ≤ 60° within the entire range of Pr at all Ra.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201107f

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4056–4068

Titre :	Viscoplastic modeling of a novel lightweight biopolymer drilling fluid for underbalanced drilling
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Munawar Khalil, Auteur ; Badrul Mohamed Jan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4056–4068
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Viscoplastic Biopolymer
Résumé :	This paper presents a concise investigation of viscoplastic behavior of a novel lightweight biopolymer drilling fluid. Eight different rheological models namely the Bingham plastic model, Ostwald–De–Weale model, Herschel–Bulkley model, Casson model, Sisko model, Robertson–Stiff model, Heinz–Casson model, and Mizhari–Berk model were used to fit the experimental data. The effect of concentration of clay, glass bubbles, starch, and xanthan gum on the fluid rheological properties was investigated. Results show that the fitting process is able to successfully predict the rheological behavior of the fluid very well. The predicted values calculated from the best selected model are in a good agreement with the experimental data both in low and high (1500 s–1) rate of shear. The result also indicated that the presence of clay, glass bubbles, and xanthan gum have significantly changed the fluid behavior, while the presence of starch has not. Results also showed that all of the tested fluid seems to follow pseudoplastic behavior except for the following three tested fluids: one is fluid with the absence of clay, second and third is fluids with no glass bubble or xanthan gum, respectively. The first fluid tends to follows a Newtonian behavior, while the other two fluids tend to follow dilatants behavior.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200811z

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4041–4055

Titre :	Monodisperse thermodynamic model based on chemical + flory – huggins polymer solution theories for predicting asphaltene precipitation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Amir H. Mohammadi, Auteur ; Ali Eslamimanesh, Auteur ; Richon, Dominique, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4041–4055
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Thermodynamic Polymer
Résumé :	Asphaltene precipitation is traditionally modeled using the Flory–Hüggins polymer solution theory. The existing thermodynamic models, generally, do not take into account the aggregation/association phenomena in the system. This work aims at providing a monodisperse thermodynamic model for estimating asphaltene precipitation by taking into account the aforementioned phenomena. The chemical theory of associated solutions with physical interactions along with the Flory–Hüggins polymer solution theory is applied to develop this model. The results of this method are compared with some selected experimental data from the literature. It is shown that taking into account the aggregation/association phenomena in the system can lead to better predictions of the model. Moreover, it is shown that this method simplifies to the existing activity coefficient based models when ignoring the association.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202737p#cor1

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4035–4040

Titre :	Numerical and experimental investigation of arsenic removal process from phosphoric acid by vertical zone melting technique
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yongsheng Ren, Auteur ; Xiaoxiao Duan, Auteur ; Baoming Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4035–4040
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Phosphoric acid Arsenic removal process
Résumé :	A combined numerical and experimental approach was undertaken to investigate the arsenic removal process from phosphoric acid by vertical zone melting technique. The numerical model, which predicts the arsenic re-distribution at any point of the single zone pass, multiple molten zone passes, or ultimate distribution, is described for providing simulations. Experimental work on arsenic removal by vertical zone melting process was carried out with prepared phosphoric acid samples as the starting material. The experimentally obtained axial concentration profiles were compared with the theoretical predictions, which proved the efficiency of the proposed model in removing the arsenic concentration significantly. Following the model and as evidenced from the theoretical predictions, the arsenic concentration reduced to <50 ng·g–1 and a 99.8% removal rate were obtained under the conditions of molten zone length of 0.1L, molten zone velocity of 3 mm·h–1, and nine molten zone passes. Also, the experimental and simulated results were undertaken to find out the influence of the crucial zone melting parameters including the number of passes, the molten zone length, and the molten zone velocity on the efficiency of arsenic removal from phosphoric acid by vertical zone melting technique.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2027553

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4025–4034

Titre :	Thermal management of structured adsorbents in CO2 capture processes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Fateme Rezaei, Auteur ; Mattias Grahn, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4025–4034
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorbents Mass transfer Thermal management
Résumé :	In order to have an efficient adsorptive separation, structured adsorbents are expected to satisfy not only mass transfer and pressure drop requirements but also thermal management requirements. To what extent the structure of adsorbent affects the thermal behavior of the system is a question which will be addressed in this study. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the performance of alternate adsorbents through development of numerical models for prediction of their thermal behavior under a two-step pressure swing adsorption (PSA) condition. The single-step CO2 breakthrough and temperature profiles confirmed the efficiency of structured adsorbents in managing the thermal effects evolved in the bed under nonisothermal conditions. Two-step PSA results also showed that under real cyclic processes, and especially during rapid cycling, structured adsorbents maintain their superiority and introduce themselves as potential candidates for advanced PSA units. However, the performance of a structured adsorbent is highly dependent on its dimensions and geometrical parameters describing the structures, and these parameters should be optimized for each separation.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201057p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 4017–4024

Titre :	Analysis of the membrane fouling mechanisms involved in clarified grape juice ultrafiltration using statistical tools
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Beatriz Cancino-Madariaga, Auteur ; Rene Ruby, Auteur ; Carolina Astudillo Castro, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 4017–4024
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Analysis Membrane Ultrafiltration
Résumé :	Statistical tools were used to analyze membrane fouling occurring during ultrafiltration (UF) of clarified grape juice. Experimental flux data were correlated to dead-end and crossflow filtration models. The UF experiments were performed at 30 and 40 °C for an 8-kDa multitubular ceramic membrane and also at 30 °C for a 1-kDa membrane to determine the effect of pore size. ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis of fluxes. The modified Kolmorov-Smirnov and the Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to evaluate the normality of the residuals obtained from each model, thus allowing validation or rejection of initial adjustments given by a simple R-square statistical test. Using the standard error of the estimate and the mean absolute error it was possible to identify the best model for each case. Differences in the permeate flux and fouling mechanisms between both temperatures and pore size were discussed.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201921x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp.4002-4016

Titre :	Design and analysis of internally heat - integrated reactive distillation processes
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yang Jiao, Auteur ; San-Jang Wang, Auteur ; Kejin Huang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp.4002-4016
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Heat integrated distillation
Résumé :	Process intensification is aimed at integrating different processes in design to reduce utility consumption and capital investment, as well as at achieving environmental and safety benefits. Internally heat-integrated distillation and reactive distillation are representative examples of such design technology. In this study, the performance of internally heat-integrated reactive distillation, a novel technology combining both internally heat-integrated distillation and reactive distillation, is investigated for three ideal reactive distillation processes with a reaction zone located at top, middle, and bottom, respectively, of a reactive distillation column. The influences of reaction thermal effect (i.e., exothermic or endothermic reaction), relative volatilities between components, and chemical equilibrium constants on total annualized cost (TAC) are examined. Simulation results demonstrate that the internally heat-integrated reactive distillation can provide better economic benefit than conventional reactive distillation if the reaction zone can be properly placed in the high-pressure section or in both high- and low-pressure sections. The most TAC reduction from the implementation of internal heat integration can be obtained for the reactive distillation column with the reaction zone located at column top.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202182h

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3988–4000

Titre :	Scheduling of multistage multiproduct batch plants operating in a campaign - mode
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yanina Fumero, Auteur ; Gabriela Corsano, Auteur ; Jorge M. Montagna, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3988–4000
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Résumé :	In this work, mixed integer linear programming models for scheduling multistage multiproduct batch plants operating under campaign mode are proposed. It is assumed that each plant stage includes identical parallel units operating out of phase. Given the plant topology and the number of batches of each product to be processed in the campaign, the objective is assigning batches to units in each stage in order to minimize the cycle time of the campaign. An asynchronous slot-based continuous-time representation for modeling the assignment of batches to units is used. These formulations require postulating a priori a suitable number of production slots for each unit that integrates the plant, which severely affects the model computational performance. Then, to reduce the computational effort, a solution strategy is proposed where a simplified model, which includes preordering constraints, is first solved. Finally, a detailed scheduling model is posed where the optimal cycle time of simplified model is used as bound for the cycle time and a novel expression for the number of proposed slots for each unit is considered. The strategy is highlighted through examples that show how the computational burden is reduced.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201757t

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3981–3987

Titre :	Interfacial synthesis and supercapacitive performance of hierarchical sulfonated carbon nanotubes / polyaniline nanocomposites
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Minqiang Sun, Auteur ; Gengchao Wang, Auteur ; Xingwei Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3981–3987
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Nanotubes Nanocomposites
Résumé :	The novel hierarchical PANI/sMWCNT nanocomposites were synthesized through the interfacial polymerization method in the presence of the sulfonated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (sMWCNT), and the effect of oxidant content on the chain structure of PANI, the microstructure, and supercapacitive performance of the composites were investigated systematically. FT-IR spectra revealed the presence of π–π interactions between PANI and sMWCNT, and the charge-transfer composites were formed. It was found that more charge-transfer composites developed when the oxidant was at a lower content. The FESEM images indicated that the morphology of the composites changed significantly with varying oxidant content. It could be seen from electrochemical tests that the supercapacitive performance of the nanocomposites was influenced markedly by their microstructure, the content, and the oxidation degree of PANI. When the oxidant content was high at 2 for the APS/aniline mole ratio, the composite had high specific capacitance with 431.3 F/g but showed poor rate performance and charge/discharge stability. At a lower oxidant content with 1/6 of the APS/aniline mole ratio, the specific capacitance of the composite decreased to 216.6 F/g; nevertheless, it possessed superior rate performance with 82.8% capacitance retention at 10 A/g and excellent cyclability with just 11.2% capacitance loss after 2000 cycles.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202384u

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3975–3980

Titre :	Chemical modifications in styrene – butadiene rubber after microwave devulcanization
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Denise Hirayama, Auteur ; Clodoaldo Saron, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3975–3980
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Microwave Devulcanization Thermomechanical
Résumé :	Microwave devulcanization has been studied as a method for elastomer recycling, which is based on the conversion of the reticulated and infusible structure of thermosetting rubbers in free polymeric chains able to be remolded by thermomechanical processing in recycling operations for the manufacture of other products. Elastomeric wastes are often irregularly discarded in nature, producing serious environmental damage, and their mechanical recycling is still considered a challenge. Thus, the development of alternatives for elastomer recycling is directly related to the actions of sustainable development and economic benefits to companies that pay to discard their wastes. The aim of this work is to evaluate the chemical modifications occurring in styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) after microwave devulcanization. Compounds of SBR were vulcanized in the presence of vulcanization agents and variable amounts of carbon black, and then the rubbers were milled and submitted to microwave treatment. Only the SBR with high carbon black content shows some portion of devulcanized material. However, the rubber with lower content of carbon black which was devulcanized by microwave radiation shows an increase in cross-link density. The microwave treatment also causes cross-link breaks mainly in polysulfidic bonds as well as decomposition of chemical groups containing sulfur attached to the chemical structure of SBR, while the chemical bonds of higher energy such as monosulfidic bonds remain preserved. The improvement of the microwave method for rubber devulcanization represents a way for viable recycling of thermosetting rubbers.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202077g

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3966–3974

Titre :	Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical studies of novel biphenyl based compounds
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	R. Baskar, Auteur ; M. Gopiraman, Auteur ; D. Kesavan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3966–3974
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Electrochemical Biphenyl
Résumé :	(2E)-1-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (BNO), (2E)-3-(4-aminophenyl)-1-(biphenyl-4-yl) prop-2-en-1-one (BNH), and (2E)-1-(biphenyl-4-yl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (BOH) were synthesized and characterized by FT-NMR, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were investigated for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium by means of weight loss measurements, polarization studies, electrochemical impedance spectra, and the adsorption isotherm. Among the biphenyl chalcone derivatives, BOH showed higher efficiency against corrosion of mild steel. All the inhibitors were predominantly found to be cathodic in nature. The thermodynamic parameter values of the free energy of adsorption (ΔGads) reveals that inhibitor was adsorbed on the mild steel surface and the adsorption mechanism of inhibition was supported by FT-IR, surface analysis (SEM-EDS), and adsorption isotherms.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201470j

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3958–3965

Titre :	Chemical treatment of coir fiber reinforced polypropylene composites
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Md. Mominul Haque, Auteur ; Md. Ershad Ali, Auteur ; Mahbub Hasan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3958–3965
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Fiber Polypropylene composites
Résumé :	Agro-based renewable materials have received significant attention in recent years because of their low cost, light weight, ecofriendliness, and worldwide environmental awareness. In the present work, coir fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were manufactured using injection molding method. Raw coir was chemically treated with benzene diazonium salt in alkali, acidic, and neutral media separately in order to increase the compatibility between the coir fiber and polypropylene composite. During chemical treatment, hydrophilic -OH groups in the raw coir cellulose were converted to hydrophobic -O–Na groups. Both raw and treated coir at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 wt % were utilized during composite manufacturing. Microstructural analysis and mechanical tests were conducted. Alkali treated specimens yielded the best set of mechanical properties. On the basis of fiber loading, 30% fiber reinforced composites had the optimum set of mechanical properties among all composites manufactured.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200693v

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3951–3957

Titre :	Cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides catalyzed by carboxyl - functionalized imidazolium - based ionic liquid grafted onto cross - linked polymer
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yuanyuan Zhang, Auteur ; Shuangfeng Yin, Auteur ; Shenglian Luo, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3951–3957
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carboxyl Ionic Liquid Polymer
Résumé :	Carboxyl-functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquid was grafted onto cross-linked divinylbenzene polymer (PDVB-CEIMBr) for the first time. The catalyst was characterized and used for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides under relatively mild reaction conditions without any use of cocatalyst and organic solvent. The effects of reaction conditions (temperature, initial CO2 pressure, and time) and water addition on the yield of cyclic carbonate were investigated systematically. Under optimal conditions (140 °C, initial CO2 pressure 2.0 MPa and 4 h), propylene carbonate selectivity and yield was 99.8% and 96.1%, respectively. Moreover, the catalyst shows good stability and reusability. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed for the catalytic reaction. It is suggested that synergetic effect among Brønsted acid COOH, Lewis base Br– and the support facilitates the coupling reaction. From the viewpoint of industrial application, the catalyst is attractive because of its excellent catalytic efficiency.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie203001u

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3939–3950

Titre :	Regeneration characteristics and kinetics of Ni / ZnO – SiO2 – A l2O3 adsorbent for reactive adsorption desulfurization
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yaoshun Wen, Auteur ; Gang Wang, Auteur ; Qian Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3939–3950
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Kinetics Adsorbent Desulfurization
Résumé :	Regeneration experiments on Ni/ZnO–SiO2–Al2O3 adsorbents for gasoline reactive adsorption desulfurization (RADS) were carried out in a fixed-bed microreactor at atmosphere pressure. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, and N2 isotherms were used to identify changes in the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent before and after regeneration. The results showed that high O2 concentrations significantly increase the regeneration rate of the adsorbent but yield zinc sulfate. A regeneration condition that decreases the formation of zinc sulfate, including low O2 concentration with high temperature, was then investigated. Finally, a shrinking core model (SCM) was applied to account for the regeneration kinetics of the Ni/ZnO–SiO2–Al2O3 adsorbent, and the relevant kinetic parameters were determined. The regeneration is controlled first by a chemical reaction and then by layer diffusion. The desulfurization activity of the regenerated adsorbent over three desulfurization and regeneration cycles is almost identical to that of fresh adsorbent.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202730w

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3932–3938

Titre :	Direct oxidative esterification of aldehyde with alcohol to ester over Pd / styrene - divinyl benzene copolymer catalyst
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Baohe Wang, Auteur ; Weili Ran, Auteur ; Wenjuan Sun, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3932–3938
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Oxidative esterification Catalyst
Résumé :	The direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein (MAL) with methanol in the presence of molecular O2 at low temperature and ambient pressure to methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out over a novel hydrophobic styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer (SDB) supported palladium catalyst, and the results were compared with conventional hydrophilic catalysts over SiO2 and γ-Al2O3. Among the catalysts studied, SDB supported palladium catalyst showed higher activity than the conventional catalysts. The Pd/SDB catalyst was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). A systematic investigation was carried out for the oxidative esterification of MAL with methanol over SDB supported catalyst. The effects of catalyst loading and alcohol/aldehyde molar ratio were studied. The reaction kinetics was studied, and the result showed that the fitting results agreed well with the experimental data. On the basis of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood adsorption model, the probable mechanism was suggested.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202701k

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3923–3931

Titre :	Building and application of delayed coking structure - oriented lumping model
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Lida Tian, Auteur ; Benxian Shen, Auteur ; Jichang Liu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3923–3931
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Building coking
Résumé :	A structure-oriented lumping (SOL) model to predict the product distribution of delayed coking was built. The effects of feedstock properties and operational conditions on product distribution were analyzed with the proposed model. It was known from model calculation results that for the feedstock residue of this paper, the liquid yield increased 2.5% on average with a temperature increase of 10 °C, that mainly was equal to a 0.15 increase H/C of feedstock; the liquid yield increased 3.5% on average with a recycle ratio decrease of 0.15, that was mainly equal to a 5% carbon residue decrease of feedstock; and liquid yield increased 0.6% on average with a pressure decrease of 0.03 MPa.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2025272

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3916–3922

Titre :	MCM - 41 supported phosphotungstic acid for the hydroxyalkylation of phenol to phenolphthalein
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ajay Jha, Auteur ; Ajit C. Garade, Auteur ; Subhash P. Mirajkar, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3916–3922
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Phosphotungstic acid Hydroxyalkylation
Résumé :	A novel application of phosphotungstic acid, H3PW12O40 (PWA) supported on MCM-41 molecular sieve as a solid acid catalyst has been demonstrated for the synthesis of phenolphthalein by hydroxyalkylation of phenol and phthalic anhydride. PWA/MCM-41 (20%) showed the highest activity as compared to that of parent PWA and MCM-41 individually, due to the excellent dispersion of PWA on MCM-41 leading to the redistribution of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites on MCM-41. The effect of PWA loading on phthalic anhydride conversion and phenolphthalein selectivity was also studied. All these prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, pyridine-FTIR, and NH3-TPD. The effect of various reaction parameters, namely, mole ratios, catalyst concentration, temperature, reaction time, and percentage of PWA present in the catalysts on conversion and selectivity of products has been also investigated. The utility of 20% PWA/MCM-41 catalyst was established by its efficient activity for hydroxyalkylation of phenol and p-cresol with formaldehyde to the corresponding dihydroxydiarylmethane products.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201989g

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3910–3915

Titre :	Efficient polymerization inhibition systems for acrylic acid distillation : New liquid - phase inhibitors
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jaroslav Mosnacek, Auteur ; Renaud Nicolay, Auteur ; Kishore K. Kar, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3910–3915
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Polymerization Acid distillation
Résumé :	Phenothiazine and other compounds with similar structures, namely, phenoxazine, promazine, promazine hydrochloride, N,N′-dimethylphenazine, carbazole, N-ethylcarbazole, N-benzylphenothiazine, and N-(1-phenylethyl)phenothiazine were tested as liquid-phase inhibitors for acrylic acid. N-Alkylated phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives, such as N-benzylphenothiazine and especially N-(1-phenylethyl)phenothiazine, showed improved efficiency for liquid-phase inhibition, in comparison with PTZ. It was also shown that N-alkylated PTZ derivatives could be used in combination with nitroso compounds that can be employed as vapor-phase inhibitors. The combination of N-(1-phenylethyl)phenothiazine and nitrosobenzene showed superior liquid-phase-inhibition efficiency, with time to gelation of >122 h, in comparison with 64 h obtained with PTZ alone. The structure of liquid-phase inhibitors had no influence on the extent of Michael addition reactions during heating of acrylic acid.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201708n

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3903–3909

Titre :	Optimization of microwave - assisted removal of lead from anode slime in triethanolamine solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Dilara Tokkan, Auteur ; Turan Çalban, Auteur ; Soner Kuslu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3903–3909
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Optimization Microwave Triethanolamine solutions
Résumé :	The aim of this work is to investigate the optimization of removal of lead from anode slime in triethanolamine solutions by the microwave effect using statistical design methods. Triethanolamine concentration, leaching temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, and leaching time has been selected as variables. A model has been obtained among relevant parameters by means of variance analysis by using the Matlab Computer Software Programme. The optimum conversion conditions for process are found to be a triethanolamine concentration of 3.5 M, leaching temperature of 313 K, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1/10, and leaching time of 150 min. Under the optimal conditions, the removal of lead is obtained as 87.67%. It is observed that the model obtained has nearly fitted the full second-order model, and the correlation coefficient calculated at 95% confidence level has a value of 0.97.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2005065

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3895–3902

Titre :	Comparative study of the effects induced by different laccase - based systems on sisal cellulose fibers
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Elisabetta Aracri, Auteur ; Agustín G. Barneto, Auteur ; Teresa Vidal, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3895–3902
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Sisal cellulose fibers
Résumé :	This paper reports a comparative study of the effects induced on sisal pulp fibers by three different laccase-based systems, namely, laccase–sinapyl aldehyde, laccase–ferulic acid, and laccase–TEMPO systems, applied to perform biobleaching, biografting, and cellulose oxidation, respectively. (The abbreviations SLD, FRC, and TEMPO are used to represent sinapyl aldehyde, ferulic acid, and the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl free radical.) A novel aspect of this study was the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to monitor surface changes in cellulosic microfibrils during the enzyme treatments and gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of the laccase-based systems. The different modes of action of the studied laccase-based systems reflected in the different degradation profiles of pulps after treatment. TGA showed laccase to modify the thermal degradation path of the initial pulp, increasing the proportion of cellulose degrading at low temperature. The addition of SLD resulted in virtually no change of the thermal degradation path of the initial pulp, indicating that the laccase–SLD system basically exerted its action on the lignin component of fibers. In contrast to SLD, FRC was found to significantly increase the amount of the paracrystalline fraction of cellulose, probably as a consequence of its incorporation into fibers. The presence of TEMPO, especially under those conditions boosting the oxidative functionalization, was found to cause an intense degradation of cellulose and the formation of a substantial amount of amorphous cellulose degrading at low temperature. A novel aspect of the laccase–TEMPO system was identified in this work: its ability to reduce the hexenuronic acids (HexA) content content of pulp, under specific reaction conditions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2028206

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3887–3894

Titre :	Determination of the optimum conditions for the leaching of lead from zinc plant residues in NaCl – H2SO4 – Ca (OH)2 media by the taguchi method
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Bahram Behnajady, Auteur ; Javad Moghaddam, Auteur ; Mohammad A. Behnajady, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3887–3894
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Leaching Taguchi method
Résumé :	This research is part of a continuing effort to reduce environmental conflicts and occupational hazards of lead-bearing zinc plant residues (ZPRs), and to break through this problem and recover lead of the wastes. The residue with an assay of 14.4% Pb was used in chloride leaching for lead recovery, and sulfate was controlled in the leaching stage by the addition of Ca(OH)2. In this paper, the effects of influential factors on extraction efficiency of Pb from ZPRs were investigated. Taguchi’s method based on orthogonal array design (OAD) has been used to arrange the experimental runs in order to maximize lead extraction from a ZPR. Orthogonal array (OA) L8(27) consisting of seven parameters, each with two levels, was employed to evaluate the effects of NaCl concentration (C = 300 and 400 g/L), stirring speed (R = 500 and 700 rpm), reaction temperature (T = 55 and 65 ◦C), reaction time (t = 1 and 8 h), liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S = 6 and 20), acidic pH (pHa = 2 and 3.5), and neutral pH (pHb = 4 and 5.5) on lead extraction percent. Statistical analysis, ANOVA, was also employed to determine the relationship between experimental conditions and yield levels. The results showed that the pulp density, and NaCl concentration were significant parameters, and increasing pulp density reduced leaching efficiency of lead. However, increasing NaCl concentration promoted the extraction of lead. The obtained optimum conditions from this study were C2, 400 g/L; R2, 700 rpm; T1, 55 °C; t1, 1 h; (L/S)2, 20; (pHa)2, 3.5; and (pHb)1, 4. But only two significant factors (C2, 400 g/L; and (L/S)2, 20) were used to estimate the performance at the optimum conditions. The calculated leaching percent (85.91%) was in reasonable agreement with the experimental results in optimum conditions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202571x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3881–3886

Titre :	Efficient and facile chlorination of industrially - important aromatic compounds using NaCl / p - TsOH/NCS in aqueous media
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Tanu Mahajan, Auteur ; Lalit Kumar, Auteur ; K. Dwivedi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3881–3886
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Chlorination industrial Aqueous media
Résumé :	A simple and efficient process for the chlorination of industrially important aromatic compounds using NaCl/p-TsOH/NCS in aqueous media under mild conditions is described. The addition of NaCl increases the yield of chlorinated product and decreases the reaction time in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid (p-TsOH) and N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS). The present method furnishes higher selectivities and yields of chlorinated products under mild reaction conditions in a short reaction time. Organic solvent-free conditions, a feature of green chemistry, was successively used not only for the reactions but also for the isolation of products at the end of the reaction, which seems to be the most promising methodology from the viewpoint of a green approach to organic synthesis.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201971j

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3870–3880

Titre :	Effect of nano - ZnO on thermal, mechanical, UV stability, and other physical properties of wood polymer composites
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Rashmi R. Devi, Auteur ; Tarun K. Maji, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3870–3880
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Physical properties Polymer composites
Résumé :	Wood polymer nanocomposite (WPNC) was prepared by impregnation of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) of 2:3 molar ratio, vinyl trichlorosilane (VTCS) modified ZnO nanoparticles and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a cross-linking agent into cellular structure of wood. The surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles and the properties of the WPNC were investigated by XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM and TEM. The mechanical properties including modulus of rupture (MOR), tensile strength and hardness, and multifunctional properties involving UV resistance, water resistance, dimensional stability and thermal stability were studied. The nano-ZnO particles dispersed uniformly in the polymer filled in the porous structure of wood, as evidenced by SEM-EDX and FTIR, respectively. TEM study showed the homogeneous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles on the cell wall of wood with SAN polymer matrix.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2018383

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3863–3869

Titre :	Hydrogenolysis of aqueous glycerol over raney nickel catalyst : Comparison of pure and biodiesel by - product
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Halit L. Hosgun, Auteur ; Mehmet Yildiz, Auteur ; H. Ferdi Gercel, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3863–3869
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrogenolysis Aqueous Glycerol
Résumé :	The hydrogenolysis of pure and biodiesel byproduct glycerol in the presence of Raney nickel catalyst using an autoclave was studied. The effects of stirring speed, temperature, amount of catalyst, H2 pressure, and glycerol content on the conversion of glycerol, the yield of liquid products, and the selectivity of 1,2-propanediol were investigated, and the results were compared to chemically pure glycerol and crude glycerol from biodiesel production. All the experimental results obtained from the use of crude glycerol from biodiesel production were close to those obtained from the use of chemically pure glycerol. The highest conversion of glycerol (80%) was achieved under the conditions of 35 g catalyst L–1 solution, 20% glycerol content, 40 bar H2 pressure, 400 rpm stirring speed, and 230 °C temperature for the chemically pure glycerol. In order to reach the highest liquid products yield (95%) and the 1,2-propanediol selectivity (54%), the catalyst amount was decreased from 35 g catalyst L–1 solution to 7 g catalyst L–1 solution while the other conditions were unchanged. On the other hand, the highest conversion of glycerol (74%) and the highest selectivity of 1,2-propanediol (50%) for the crude glycerol were obtained under the same reaction conditions with those obtained in the use of chemically pure glycerol while the liquid products yield was 74% under the reaction conditions of 21 g catalyst/L solution, 20% glycerol content, 40 bar H2 pressure, 400 rpm stirring speed, and 200 °C temperature. According to the obtained results, increasing the temperature and amount of catalyst led to the increase in the glycerol conversion and decrease in the liquid products yield and in the 1,2-propanediol selectivity. The glycerol conversion decreased and the liquid products yield and the 1,2-propanediol selectivity increased with the increasing hydrogen pressure.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201781q

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3855–3862

Titre :	New environment - friendly use of wheat straw in slow - release fertilizer formulations with the function of superabsorbent
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Lihua Xie, Auteur ; Mingzhu Liu, Auteur ; Boli Ni, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3855–3862
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Fertilizer Superabsorbent
Résumé :	With the aim of improving fertilizer use efficiency and minimizing the negative impact on the environment, a new double-coated slow-release nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with water retention was prepared. Wheat straw was introduced into the formulations as the basic coating material. Specifically, poly(acrylic acid-co-N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide)/wheat straw superabsorbent composite was used as the outer coating, and wheat straw/sodium alginate blends was used as the inner coating. The degradation of the superabsorbent composite in the soil solution was studied. The impact of the content of wheat straw on the extent of degradation in cellulase solution was also examined. The superabsorbent composite synthesized under the optimal conditions showed super water absorbency and excellent degradability. The water-retention property and the nutrient slow-release behavior of the product were investigated. The results revealed that the product with water-retention and slow-release capacity, being economical, nontoxic in soil, and eco-friendly, could find good application in agriculture and horticulture.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2016043

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 10 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3851–3854

Titre :	One - step synthesis of sodium trimetaphosphate (Na3P3O9) from sodium chloride and orthophosphoric acid
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Doan Pham Minh, Auteur ; Jocelyn Ramaroson, Auteur ; Ange Nzihou, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3851–3854
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Trimetaphosphate Sodium
Résumé :	One-step thermal synthesis of sodium trimetaphosphate (STM) from sodium chloride and 85 wt % orthophosphoric acid as starting materials was investigated. The reaction temperature and volume-mean diameter of sodium chloride influenced strongly the elimination of chloride and the selectivity in STM. STM of high quality (99%) was obtained at 600 °C from fine powder of sodium chloride. Hydrochloric acid was the only byproduct of the reaction.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201085b

Industrial & engineering chemistry research / Paul, Donald R. . Vol. 51 N° 10

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