Catalogue en ligne Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3844-3849

Titre :	Evaluation of thermal conductivity of gases at atmospheric pressure through a corresponding states method
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gharagheizi, Farhad, Auteur ; Ali Eslamimanesh, Auteur ; Sattari, Mehdi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3844-3849
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Atmospheric pressure Thermal conductivity
Résumé :	In the present communication, we propose a corresponding states method for calculation/estimation of the vapor thermal conductivity of chemical compounds (mostly organic), applying the gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm. Around 16000 thermal conductivity data of gases at various temperatures from 100 to 1500 K and atmospheric pressure related to about 1600 chemical compounds (mostly organic) are used for development and validation of the method. The quantities used in the corresponding states correlation include temperature, critical pressure, molecular weight, acentric factor, and normal boiling point. More than 14000 thermal conductivity data are randomly selected for developing (training + optimizing) the correlation, and about 1600 data are used for checking its prediction capability. The obtained statistical parameters including average absolute relative deviation of the results from the applied data (about 8%) show acceptable accuracy of the presented method. The most important features of the developed model are its simplicity, its wide range of applicability, and its validity based on the Leverage value test.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595816

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3841-3843

Titre :	Phase equilibria of clathrate hydrates of methane + n - propyl mercaptan or n - butyl mercaptan + water system
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Amir H. Mohammadi, Auteur ; Richon, Dominique, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3841-3843
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Clathrate Phase equilibrium
Résumé :	In this work, we report dissociation pressures for clathrate hydrates of the methane + n-propyl mercaptan + water and methane + n-butyl mercaptan + water systems in the temperature ranges of 282.3-289.9 K and 279.4―287.4 K, respectively. The experimental data were measured using an isochoric pressure search method. The hydrate dissociation data for both measured systems are compared with some selected literature data for the dissociation conditions of methane clathrate hydrates. It is shown that n-propyl mercaptan has a thermodynamic promotion effect on methane clathrate hydrates while n-butyl mercaptan has a negligible effect.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595815

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3832–3840

Titre :	Density - functional theory for polymer – carbon dioxide mixtures
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xiaofei Xu, Auteur ; Diego E. Cristancho, Auteur ; Stéphane Costeux, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3832–3840
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Polymer Carbon Dioxide
Résumé :	We propose a new density-functional theory (DFT) describing inhomogeneous polymer–carbon dioxide (CO2) mixtures. The theory is constructed by combining the bulk Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) with the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) and the fundamental measure theory (FMT). The weight density functions from FMT are used to extend the bulk excess Helmholtz free energy of PR-EOS to the inhomogeneous case, while the SAFT is used to describe correlations due to polymer chain connectivity and short-range forces due to weakly polar or association interactions. The additional long-range dispersion contributions are included using a mean-field approach. We apply our DFT to the interfacial properties of polystyrene–CO2 and poly(methyl methacrylate)–CO2 systems. The calculated interfacial tension values are in good agreement with experimental data at low to intermediate pressures. The inclusion of association energy for CO2 is shown to have a significant effect. We also point out the limitation of the PR-EOS for describing polymer–CO2 mixtures at high pressures (P > 35 MPa).
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2029267

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3826-3831

Titre :	Corresponding states method for evaluation of the solubility parameters of chemical compounds
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gharagheizi, Farhad, Auteur ; Ali Eslamimanesh, Auteur ; Sattari, Mehdi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3826-3831
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Chemical compound Solubility
Résumé :	In this study, our objective is to apply the gene expression programming mathematical algorithm to propose a correlation based on the corresponding states method to determine the solubility parameters of 1641 pure compounds (mostly organic ones) at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The studied compounds are from the 80 chemical families. The parameters of the method include the critical temperature, critical pressure, molecular weight, and acentric factor. Around 1477 solubility parameter data are randomly selected for developing (training + optimization) the correlation, and about 164 data are used for checking its prediction capability. The obtained statistical parameters, including average absolute relative deviation of the results from the applied data (about 6%), show the accuracy of the proposed method along with its simplicity and wide range of applicability.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595813

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3819-3825

Titre :	Experimental data assessment test for composition of vapor phase in equilibrium with gas hydrate and liquid water for carbon dioxide + methane or nitrogen + water system
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ali Eslamimanesh, Auteur ; Saeedeh Babaee, Auteur ; Amir H. Mohammadi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3819-3825
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon dioxide Gas hydrates
Résumé :	Accurate knowledge of the compositions of the equilibrium phases in the systems containing gas hydrates is essential for many hydrate-based separation processes. Unfortunately, there are limited sets of such experimental data available in the literature partly due to the difficulties in measurements of the compositions of the phases in equilibrium with gas hydrate. Consequently, satisfactory accuracy of the measurements may not be obvious. Therefore, reliability of the corresponding data should be checked prior to their further applications. In this article, we present a thermodynamic assessment test (consistency test) based on the area test approach for the experimental compositional data of vapor phase in equilibrium with gas hydrate + liquid water for the carbon dioxide + methane or nitrogen + water system. The van der Waals and Platteeuw (vdW-P) solid solution theory is used to model the hydrate phase, and the Valderrama―Patel―Teja equation of state (VPT-EoS) along with the nondensity dependent (NDD) mixing rule is applied to deal with the fluid phases. The results show that only one of the studied experimental data sets seems to be thermodynamically consistent, and the rest of the data seem to be either not fully consistent or inconsistent.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595812

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3801-3810

Titre :	Preparation of Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites by High Gravity Chemical Oxidative Polymerization
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yi-bo Zhao, Auteur ; Wei, Wu, Auteur ; Jian-feng Chen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3801-3810
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Computational fluid dynamics Fiber optic sensors FluidizationSpouted bed Hydrodynamics
Résumé :	In this work the disturbances in the hydrodynamic behavior caused by the use of an optical fiber probe in a conical-cylindrical spouted bed have been analyzed based on experimental results and CFD simulations using an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model. The insertion of the probe inside the spouted bed caused a decrease in the fountain height and in the particle velocity for the spout region. The CFD simulations using the Representative Unit Cell model (RUC) drag model and considering the presence of the probe predicted better the experimental data of the particle velocity distribution than the other simulations performed in this work with other drag models.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595810

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3801-3810

Titre :	Disturbances in the hydrodynamic behavior of a spouted bed caused by an optical fiber probe : Experimental and CFD study
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Dyrney A. Santos, Auteur ; Gustavo C. Alves, Auteur ; Claudio R. Duarte, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3801-3810
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Computational fluid dynamics Fiber optic sensors Fluidization Spouted bed Hydrodynamics
Résumé :	In this work the disturbances in the hydrodynamic behavior caused by the use of an optical fiber probe in a conical-cylindrical spouted bed have been analyzed based on experimental results and CFD simulations using an Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase model. The insertion of the probe inside the spouted bed caused a decrease in the fountain height and in the particle velocity for the spout region. The CFD simulations using the Representative Unit Cell model (RUC) drag model and considering the presence of the probe predicted better the experimental data of the particle velocity distribution than the other simulations performed in this work with other drag models.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595810

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3791-3800

Titre :	Inlet cone effect on particulate matter deposition and regeneration temperature in a diesel particulate filter
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Mengting Yu, Auteur ; Dan Luss, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3791-3800
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Diesel particulate
Résumé :	A diesel particulate filter (DPF) is used to remove particulate matter (PM) from the effluent of a diesel engine. A major technological challenge in the operation of the ceramic cordierite filter is to prevent formation of local high temperatures that can melt the DPF or generate a thermal stress that may cause cracking. Most previous studies of the temperature rise during the DPF periodic regeneration (combustion of the deposited PM) considered cases in which the inlet velocity to all the parallel channels was uniform. A wide-angled cone (diffuser) is sometimes used to connect the diesel engine exhaust pipe to the DPF leading to a nonuniform velocity to the inlet channels, with the highest attained at the DPF center. We used a PM deposition and regeneration computational model to investigate the impact of the inlet cone on the DPF behavior under stationary feed conditions. The cone led to mal-distribution of the deposited PM, with the highest thickness in the DPF center. The highest regeneration temperature when using an inlet cone may be quite higher than when it is absent. Moreover, the inlet cone can generate higher temperature gradients and the resulting thermal stresses may crack the ceramic support. The largest radial thermal gradients are encountered dose to the wall in the downstream section of DPF, shortly after the temperature inside the filter reaches its peak. The cone leads to a slightly faster regeneration than when it is not used.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202226r

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3783–3790

Titre :	Solubility and self - consistent modeling of aniline hydrochloride in H – Mg – Na – Ca – Al – Cl – H2O system at the temperature range of 288 – 348 K
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shunping Sun, Auteur ; Junfeng Wang, Auteur ; Zhibao Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3783–3790
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrochloric acid
Résumé :	Previous work has proved that the preparation method of anhydrous magnesium chloride by using the thermal decomposition of the complex [HAE]Cl·MgCl2·6H2O is a potential process for commercial application. Normally, the complex [HAE]Cl·MgCl2·6H2O is synthesized by reaction crystallization of aniline hydrochloride (C6H5NH2·HCl, [HAE]Cl) and bischofite (MgCl2·6H2O). The study on the solubility of [HAE]Cl in hydrochloric acid and various chloride salt solutions plays a significant role in the development, analysis, and engineering design for this new process. This work is a continuation of our systematic study of the solubility of [HAE]Cl in different chloride media. The solubility of [HAE]Cl in different concentrations of HCl (1.19–6.98 mol·kg–1), NaCl (0.5–3.8 mol·kg–1), CaCl2 (0.5–4.5 mol·kg–1), AlCl3 (0.5–2.8 mol·kg–1), and their mixed solutions was determined using a dynamic method in the temperature range from 288 to 348 K. With the purpose of improving AspenPlus’s prediction capability, in regard to [HAE]Cl solubility data in the H–Mg–Na–Ca–Al–Cl–H2O systems at various temperatures, new model parameters were obtained via the regression of the experimental solubility of [HAE]Cl in single electrolyte solutions, such as HCl, NaCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3, under atmospheric pressure. With the newly obtained electrolyte NRTL (ENRTL) interaction parameters for [HAE]Cl–NaCl, [HAE]Cl–CaCl2, [HAE]Cl–AlCl3, and AlCl3–H2O, and default parameters for NaCl–H2O and CaCl2–H2O in AspenPlus, a self-consistent model for the system [HAE]–H–Mg–Na–Ca–Al–Cl–H2O was established with the maximum relative deviation of 4.3% between experimental and predicted solubility values.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2013949

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3776-3782

Titre :	Application of iron - containing magnetic ionic liquids in extraction process of coal direct liquefaction residues
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jieli Wang, Auteur ; Hongwei Yao, Auteur ; Yi Nie, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3776-3782
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Liquefaction Coal Extraction process Ionic liquid
Résumé :	Three kinds of iron-containing magnetic ionic liquids (ILs), including imidazole-based, pyridine-based, and pyrrolidine-based ILs, were synthesized respectively, and were used to dissolve coal direct liquefaction residues (CDLR) to obtain asphaltene fractions under the conditions of given time, temperature, and mass ratio of ILs to CDLR. The extracts from CDLR were characterized by ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, FT-IR, and I3C NMR. The results show that physicochemical properties of the extracts obtained with different magnetic ILs consisting of different cationic rings are different, and pyridine-based magnetic IL is an effective extractant to extract asphaltenes from CDLR among the three magnetic IIs. The extracts might be good precursors for preparing high-value-added carbon materials because of their higher carbon content, lower H/C, and ash content.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595807

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3766–3775

Titre :	Phase segregation and gas separation properties of thermally treated copoly(ether-imide) from an Aromatic Dianhydride, an Aromatic Diamine, and Various Aliphatic Diamines
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Alberto Tena, Auteur ; Angel Marcos-Fernandez, Auteur ; Laura Palacio, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3766–3775
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gas Phase segregation processes
Résumé :	Copoly(ether-imide)s formed by the reaction of an aromatic dianhydride (BPDA), an aromatic diamine (ODA), and various aliphatic diamines (PEO-2000, PPO-2000, RT-1000, pTHF-1700, and pTHF-350) have been obtained. These copolymers underwent phase segregation processes, as confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), when they were thermally treated. Gas permeabilities of these materials depended on the phase separation. Thus, a linear relationship between gas permeability and increasing percentage and size of the domains of the segregated phase has been obtained. The differences in the degree of segregation have been examined for the different aliphatic diamines used in the synthesis of the copolymers. The effect of polarity, length, and structure of the chain were examined in terms of permeability for the gases O2, N2, CO2, and CH4. It has been shown that long aliphatic chains with adequate polarity and the ability to interact with and enhance the condensation of a certain gas give better materials. Improved selectivities, approaching the Robeson limit, were seen as a consequence of the thermal treatment. Also, an interesting reverse selectivity has been observed for the mixture CH4/N2, probably due to a combined effect of a specific interaction and an increase in solubility of CH4 in the soft segregated portions of the copolymer.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2028443

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3758–3765

Titre :	Crystallization of RDX by drowning - out combined with fines dissolution and cooling process
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jun-Woo Kim, Auteur ; Dhan Bee Park, Auteur ; Hong-Min Shim, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3758–3765
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Crystallization
Résumé :	A new process of drowning-out combined with fines dissolution and cooling crystallization (the DFC process) was proposed to recover 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) from RDX/γ-butyrolactone solution with relatively large crystal size and high yield. In this process, fine crystals induced by drowning-out are dissolved into the solution by heating so that the dissolved solute can contribute to grow seed crystals by cooling. The DFC process is repeated to reach the desired yield. Estimation of the amount of antisolvent for drowning-out is made by a simple mass balance model in which the mass of fine particles produced by drowning-out equals to that dissolved. Considering dissolution of seeds at the fines dissolution stage, an empirical parameter α which is smaller than 1 was employed for the estimation of the optimum amount of antisolvent added. α = 1 indicates that effect of dissolution of seeds is negligible. In the present work, initial seeds were prepared by rapid injection of 15 g of water into a saturated RDX/γ-butyrolactone solution of 30 °C. Heating temperature for fines dissolution and cooling temperature for further crystal growth were 40 and 20 °C, respectively. In those operating conditions with α = 0.8, the average crystal size of RDX with the yield of 90% was 67.6 μm, which was a remarkably improved result when compared with that of 40.4 μm by drowning-out only.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202562u

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3750–3757

Titre :	Hydrotropic extraction of citral from cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) wats.
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Meghal A. Desai, Auteur ; Jigisha Parikh, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3750–3757
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrotropes Citral
Résumé :	A novel technique for the extraction of citral from the leaves of Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats. using hydrotropic solutions (sodium salicylate and sodium cumene sulfonate) was investigated. The yield of citral was dependent on the concentration of hydrotrope, solid loading, temperature, and size of the plant material. Using the Taguchi method, the extraction was optimized, and both the hydrotropes gave the highest yield of citral at a concentration of 1.75 M, 5% solid loading, a temperature of 30 °C, and a size of 0.25 mm of the plant material. Sodium salicylate gave a better extraction yield of citral than sodium cumene sulfonate. The microscopic analysis of plant leaves provided insight into the extraction mechanism. A kinetic study was carried out to check the extraction efficiency for both the hydrotropes. The hydrotropic solution was successfully recycled. Using hydrotropic extraction, citral could be extracted under normal operating conditions, and the use of traditional organic solvents could be eliminated. As a simple and environmentally friendly technique, hydrotropic extraction could be utilized for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202025b

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3740-3749

Titre :	Hexavalent chromium bioremoval through adaptation and consortia development from sukinda chromite mine isolates
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jastin Samuel, Auteur ; Madona L Paul, Auteur ; Mrudula Pulimi, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3740-3749
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Chromite mine isolates
Résumé :	Indigenous isolates from the waters of chromite mining sites at Sukinda Valley, Orissa, India, showed a considerable enhancement in Cr (VI) bioreduction rate through adaptation and consortia development. On the basis of 16S-rRNA sequencing, these isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis VTTSUKMW1, Acinetobacter junii VITSUKMW2, and Escherichia coli VITSUKMW3. The native isolates showed a high tolerance at 500-1000 mg L―1 of Cr (VI). An increase in the reduction rate from 0.199-0.477 mg L―1 h―1 to 0.5-1.16 mg L―1 h―1 at 5-20 mg L―1 of initial Cr (VI) concentration was achieved by the adapted isolates. An increase in the growth rate and Cr (VI) reduction rate [0.86―2.6813 mg L―1 h―1 at 5―100 mg L―1 of initial Cr (VI) concentration] was observed in the ternary consortium of adapted isolates. The FT-IR spectra revealed the active participation of the bacterial surface groups in the reduction. The development of sequential processes (native → adapted → consortia) employing Cr (VI) tolerant isolates, proves to be a potential bioremediation strategy for specific chromite mine sites.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201796s

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3732–3739

Titre :	Optimization of Multitrain Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) Desalination
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3732–3739
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Optimization Optimal operation water
Résumé :	This work focuses on optimal operation of brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) plants employing multitrains which have different service times and membrane permeability parameters. A nonlinear optimization problem, based on a previously developed comprehensive RO model that accounts for characteristic curves of booster pumps driving the RO trains and pressure drop along each RO train, is formulated and solved to minimize the overall specific energy consumption (SEC) while maintaining the same overall water production. A 16–17% reduction in SEC is possible by optimizing production allocations among all trains as well as operating conditions within the normal pump operating range in each train. It is shown that optimizing each train individually (without optimizing production allocations) could yield a higher SEC.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202796u

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3722-3731

Titre :	Multimodel control of nonlinear systems : An integrated design procedure based on gap metric and H∞ loop shaping
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jingjing Du, Auteur ; Chunyue Song, Auteur ; Li Ping, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3722-3731
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Integrated design Non linear system
Résumé :	An integrated multimodel control design procedure with its supporting gap metric based dividing algorithm is proposed, which integrates the multimodel decomposition and the local controller design of a nonlinear system through an improved gap metric based dividing algorithm and the H∞ loop-shaping technique. In this design procedure, desired local stability, static performance, and dynamic performance are incorporated into the system decomposition and local model set determination. Hence the closed-loop performance and stability are improved. Moreover, the right local model set for multimodel controller design is obtained, which avoids local model redundancy and simplifies the multimodel controller structure. Two nonlinear chemical systems are studied to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595801

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3715-3721

Titre :	Novel process for 1 , 3 - dihydroxyacetone production from glycerol. 1. : Technological feasibility study and process design
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zhi Zheng, Auteur ; Min Luo, Auteur ; Jianer Yu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3715-3721
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Design Production
Résumé :	A novel and efficient conversion process of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) via indirect oxidation was developed. The idea is to oxidize the middle hydroxyl group of glycerol to a carbonyl group with the help of a group protection technique, and then the protection reagent is removed by hydrolysis. With this new process, the conversion is conducted in three steps, namely, acetalization, oxidation, and hydrolysis. The oxidation step is the focus of this conversion process. In our work, three oxidant systems (CrO3 anion resin oxidant system, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)/NaBr/NaClO system, and TEMPO/NaBr/Air system) were experimentally examined to verify the feasibility of this new process. The process of this conversion is also preliminarily designed on the basis of the laboratory procedure described in the experimental section, which offers a potential foundation for the large-scale production of DHA from glycerol.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595800

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3709-3714

Titre :	Effects of gas type and hopper pressure on the discharge of pulverized coal
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Haifeng Lu, Auteur ; Xiaolei Guo, Auteur ; Xin Gong, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3709-3714
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Coal Bin
Résumé :	The influence of gas type (air and CO2) and hopper pressure (0―400 kPa) on the discharge of the pulverized coal was investigated. For aerated discharge, fluidization in the hopper is the initial state of the discharge process; the state of gas-solid fluidization affects the subsequent hopper discharging significantly. Compared to air, CO2 showed a weaker ability to fluidize the pulverized coal, and thus it was more difficult to improve the hopper discharge at atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, increasing the hopper pressure did not affect the basic discharge law but increased the discharge rate to a certain degree. In addition, with the increase of the hopper pressure, the discharge differences between the air and CO2 aeration series reduced, because the discharge rate had a larger promotion from atmospheric pressure to 400 kPa for the CO2 case.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595799

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3692-3708

Titre :	Influences of pressure on the operation of reactive distillation columns involving kinetically controlled exothermic reactions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Chao Wang, Auteur ; Liang Zhang, Auteur ; Kejin Huang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3692-3708
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Exothermic reaction Distillation column Distillation with reaction
Résumé :	For the reactive distillation column involving a kinetically controlled exothermic reaction, operating pressure can present nonmonotonic influences on process dynamics and operation. While the enhancement of operating pressure benefits process dynamics and controllability in the lower part of its feasible region (which is confined by the temperature levels of the available cold and hot utilities), it turns to deteriorate process dynamics and controllability in the higher part of its feasible region. Three reactive distillation systems, including an ideal reactive distillation column performing a hypothetical exothermic reaction, A + Bkf⇄ kb C + D, and two real ones producing, respectively, methyl acetate from acetic acid and methanol and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from isobutylene and methanol, are thoroughly studied in this work, and the results confirm the existence of this unique phenomenon. The intricate behavior of such kind of reactive distillation columns is essentially governed by the conflicting effects of operating pressure on reaction rate and chemical equilibrium constant and determines actually a favorable region of operating pressure for process dynamics and operation. Because the region may or may not coincide with the one in terms of process synthesis and design, operating pressure can therefore serve as an important decision variable to trade-off process design and operation, rendering the resultant process design with balanced steady-state performance and process dynamics and controllability.
ISSN :	0888 -5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595798

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3682–3691

Titre :	Fabrication of polylactide / poly (ε - caprolactone) blend fibers by electrospinning : Morphology and orientation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Liangliang Lu, Auteur ; Defeng Wu, Auteur ; Ming Zhang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3682–3691
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Fiber Polylactide
Résumé :	Randomly oriented fiber mats and well-aligned fiber bundles of the biodegradable polylactide (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends were successfully produced by electrospinning in the present study. For the reticulate fibers, the effects of the blending ratio of two polymers and compositions of mixed solvents on fiber morphology were investigated. The results reveal that the fibers with lower PCL mass fraction show better morphology with larger average fiber diameter than those of the fibers with higher PCL mass fraction. Besides, a small addition of dimethylformamide (DMF) as the assistant solvent favors further improvement of fiber morphology because of the synergistic effects by improved conductivity and altered viscosity of the electrospun solutions. Although the as-obtained blend fibers show smooth surface structure, the phase separation between PCL and PLA occurs inside the fibers because the two components are thermodynamically immiscible, and the discrete phase shows an elongated morphology along with the fiber axis, instead of the droplet structure. For the aligned fiber bundles collected on a rotating disk, the degree of order increases with increase of the tangential velocity, accompanied by reduced average fiber diameter. Hierarchical orientations including the macroscopic fiber alignment, the elongation of discrete PCL phase, and the molecular orientation of both the PLA and PCL can be observed within the aligned blend fibers.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2028969

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3677–3681

Titre :	Hydrogen - plasma - assisted growth of anatase TiO2 nanoneedles on Ti plates
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Ruey-Chi Wang, Auteur ; Chia-Chi Hsu, Auteur ; Shu-Jen Chen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3677–3681
Note générale :	Chimie industriell
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrogen plasma treatments
Résumé :	Pure anatase TiO2 nanoneedles are prepared on substrates via a dry process that involves hydrogen plasma treatments followed by the oxidation of Ti plates at a low temperature of 500 °C. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images show that the nanoneedles have diameters and lengths in ranges of 20–50 nm and 100–200 nm, respectively, and are single-crystalline anatase structures that grow along the [11̅6] direction. The TiO2 nanoneedles nucleate on microgrooves that result from the oxidation of microcracks induced by the hydrogen plasma. The diameters, lengths, and area densities of the TiO2 nanoneedles can be varied by adjusting the power of the hydrogen plasma. A stress-assisted vapor–solid mechanism for the formation of the nanoneedles is proposed. The room-temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the TiO2 nanoneedles exhibits a relatively strong ultraviolet emission centered at 375 nm and broad visible emission at around 640 nm. This study proposes a route for growing anatase-phase TiO2 one-dimensional nanostructues on substrates that have potential use in photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, and sensing applications.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202558s

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3670-3676

Titre :	Interactions between sodium cholate or sodium deoxycholate and nonionic surfactant (Tween 20 or Tween 60) in aqueous solution
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Dejan M. Cirin, Auteur ; Mihalj M. Posa, Auteur ; Veljko S. Krstonosic, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3670-3676
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Aqueous solution Non ionic surfactant
Résumé :	Knowledge of physicochemical parameters of mixed micelles is important in order to develop drug delivery systems with required characteristics. Investigated bile salts and Tweens are relatively nontoxic surfactants, extensively studied as biocompatible colloidal drug carriers. The micellization behavior of binary anionic-nonionic surfactant mixtures built of sodium cholate or sodium deoxycholate and one of two Tweens (Tween 20 or Tween 60) was investigated by conductivity and surface tension measurements. The results of the study have been analyzed using Clint's, Rubingh's, and Motomura's theories for mixed binary systems. The determined physicochemical properties, particularly the negative values of the interaction parameter, indicate synergism between the individual surfactants in the mixed micelles. It was noticed that Tween with a longer hydrophobic tail shows stronger interactions with selected bile salts. However, it was found that the more hydrophilic bile salt (sodium cholate) generates the stronger synergism with investigated Tweens.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595795

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3663-3669

Titre :	Thermal properties and combustion behaviors of chitosan based flame retardant combining phosphorus and nickel
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shuang Wu, Auteur ; Lei Song, Auteur ; Haifeng Pan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3663-3669
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Flame retardant Combustion Thermal properties
Résumé :	A renewable carbonization agent based compound nickel chitosan phosphate (NiPCS) has been prepared, which was the combination of flame retardant and synergist. Its effect on thermal properties and flammability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) has been investigated. Microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) test proved that NiPCS can decrease the intensities of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) greatly. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicated that NiPCS possessed a high formation of char. With the increase of the flame retardant, the thermal stability of materials enhanced in high temperature. Real time Fourier transform infrared (RT-IR) data confirmed that the flame retardant can promote the dehydration effect as well as accelerate the char forming. The volatilized products and the synergistic effect of nickel on thermal properties were both investigated with thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TGA-IR) and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS). The results revealed that nickel restrained the thermal degradation of materials as well as improved the structural organization level of char.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595794

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3653–3662

Titre :	Carbon dioxide capture by amine - impregnated mesocellular - foam - containing template
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yan, Wei, Auteur ; Jing Tang, Auteur ; Zijun Bian, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3653–3662
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Silica mesocellular Dioxide
Résumé :	By impregnating polyethylenimine (PEI) into silica mesocellular foam with the template remaining (MCF(a)), a novel sorbent with both high CO2 adsorption capacity and high thermal stability was obtained. The remaining P123 template in the MCF played a great role in promoting the CO2 adsorption capacity, which could be 4.5 mmol·g–1 (adsorbent) when the amount of amine loading and the adsorption temperature were optimized as 60% and at 70 °C for the sample MCF(a)/PEI. Meanwhile, MCF(a)/PEI had a high thermal stability and selectivity, after 10 adsorption–desorption cycles, MCF(a)/PEI almost held a constant adsorption capacity; for different compositions of CO2 and N2 mixed gases, it always kept a high adsorption selectivity of CO2/N2. The mechanism of the template synergistic effect was elucidated by the result of a second-order rate law through CO2 adsorption kinetic studies. Moreover, as predicted by the Langmuir adsorption model with n = 2 (two active adsorption sites for one CO2 molecule), the adsorption enthalpy was calculated as about −85 kJ·mol–1, a value which belonged to typical chemical adsorption.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202093h

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012)

Titre :	Corrosion - resistant zeolite silicalite - 1 Coatings synthesized by seeded growth
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yanjuan Dong, Auteur ; Yong Peng, Auteur ; Guolong Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Corrosion Zeolite
Résumé :	It has been proved that zeolite MFI coatings synthesized by in situ hydrothermal synthesis is corrosion-resistant. Pure silica zeolite MFI (silicalite-1) coatings on aluminum alloy 1060 plates seeded by brush-coating a seed paste and leveling the seed layer with fingers have been synthesized by the seeded growth method in this study. The seed paste is composed of seeds, silica sol, and water. The effects of the seed/sol ratio and the seed crystal size on the properties of silicalite-1 coatings are investigated in detail. The corrosion protection performance of the silicalite-1 coatings on aluminum alloy plates is determined by a direct current polarization technique. The silicalite-1 coatings (3 μm thick) obtained by the seeded growth method at 150 °C for 3 h are found to be highly b-oriented and corrosion-resistant in severely corrosive acidic aqueous solution (0.5 M H2SO4) and sodium chloride aqueous solution (0.5 M) exposed to air at room temperature. The optimum seed/sol ratio and the seed crystal size in the seed paste are 6.0 and 500 nm, respectively.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202080a

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3639–3645

Titre :	Sulfur distribution between liquid iron and magnesia - saturated slag in H2 / H2O atmosphere relevant to a novel green ironmaking technolog
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	M. Y. Mohassab-Ahmed, Auteur ; H. Y. Sohn, Auteur ; Hang Goo Kim, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3639–3645
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Slag
Résumé :	As an integral part of a research project which aimed to develop a novel green ironmaking process, an experimental determination of the sulfur distribution ratios, LS, between molten iron and CaO–MgO(saturated)–SiO2–Al2O3–FeO slag was carried out in the temperature range of 1550–1650 °C. Oxygen partial pressure was controlled by H2/H2O equilibrium in the range of 10–10–10–8 atm. Under these conditions applicable to the proposed process, LS was 34 times smaller than that under the conditions of the blast furnace. Considering the relative amounts of sulfur inputs in the two processes as well as other factors, however, the proposed process is expected to produce iron with a lower sulfur content, which will decrease the need for desulfurization in the steelmaking stage.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595791

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3630–3638

Titre :	Fabrication and performance of copper phthalocyanine/squaraine dye /perylene composite with bulk heterojunctions by the solution blending process
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Chien-Hsun Chen, Auteur ; Wen-Tung Cheng, Auteur ; Ming-Liao Tsai, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3630–3638
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Composite material Dyes
Résumé :	In this paper, copper tetra-(2, 4-dimethyl-3-pentoxy) phthalocyanine (CuPc-712), 2-[2-methylene-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]inline]-4-[1-ethanol-2-methylquino]-cyclobutadienylium-1,3-diolate (SQ-700), and 3,4,9,10-tetra-(heptyl acetate)-perylene (Pery-C7), attached with functional groups by covalent bonds were synthesized. In addition, bulk heterojunction diodes made from ITO/PEDOT:PSS (CuPc-712+SQ-700+Pery-C7)/Al have been realized and studied by I–V characteristic measurements in the dark and under illumination (ITO is indium tin oxide; PEDOT:PSS is poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) oxidized (doped) with poly(4-styrene sulfonate)). Enhanced photosensitivity was observed in the photoreceptor made from the composite (CuPc-712+SQ-700+Pery-C7), which was interpreted in terms of the expansion of light absorption spectrum and to charge separation by the bulk heterojunctions. In addition, the presence of a thin PEDOT:PSS film at the ITO/(CuPc-712+SQ-700+Pery-C7) interface allows one to achieve a significant photovoltaic efficiency of 0.2%.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595790

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3619–3629

Titre :	Polysaccharide nanocomposites reinforced with graphene oxide and keratin - grafted graphene oxide
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Claramaria Rodriguez-Gonzalez, Auteur ; Ana L. Martinez-Hernandez, Auteur ; Victor M. Castano, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3619–3629
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Nanocomposites Graphene oxide
Résumé :	Nanocomposites of polysaccharide matrices, chitosan–starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose-starch reinforced with graphene oxide and graphene grafted with keratin were developed. Composites films had been prepared for the casting/solvent evaporation method. The interaction and distribution of graphene materials in the biopolymer matrices were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the thermomechanical properties were examined using dynamic mechanical analysis. The nanocomposites of the chitosan–starch matrix improved their mechanical properties substantially, with respect to the film without reinforcing, obtaining an increase of 929% in the storage modulus (E′, 35 °C) with only 0.5 wt % of graphene oxide and outstanding increments in E′ at 150 and 200 °C when keratin-grafted graphene oxide is incorporated (0.1 wt %). In contrast, the graphene oxide incorporated into the carboxymethyl cellulose–starch matrix tends to decrease the stiffness of the film, behaving in a manner opposite to that of nanocomposites of the chitosan–starch matrix. Similarly, the incorporation of graphene grafted with keratin shows a decrease in the rigidity of the resulting material. In this way, the importance of compatibility between the graphene and the host matrix to achieve a fine control of interface and manipulate the final properties of the material is demonstrated.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200742x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3612–3618

Titre :	Boric acid extraction from calcined colemanite with ammonium carbonate solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Asim Kunkul, Auteur ; Nezahat Ezgi Aslan, Auteur ; Ahmet Ekmekyapar, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3612–3618
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Boric acid Colemanite
Résumé :	Colemanite, a calcium-borate hydrate, is found in significant amounts in Turkey. Colemanite is used as a raw material in the production of boric acid. In this study, the leaching kinetics of calcined colemanite in ammonium carbonate solutions was investigated in a batch reactor. The effects of calcination temperature, solution concentration, solid-to-liquid ratio, stirring speed, and reaction temperature on the dissolution rate were determined and evaluated. It was found that the dissolution rate of calcined samples was higher than that of the uncalcined sample. It was observed that the leaching rate of calcined colemanite enhanced with increasing calcination temperature up to 450 °C, and did not change above this temperature. Thus, it was found that the applied calcination temperature had a significant effect on the leaching of colemanite. It was determined that the leaching rate raised with an increasing ammonium carbonate concentration, increasing reaction temperature, and decreasing solid/liquid ratio. It was detected that calcium carbonate was not formed on the particle surface. The dissolution kinetics of calcined colemanite was examined using both heterogeneous and homogeneous reaction models, and it was determined that the reaction rate can be described by a first-order pseudohomogeneous reaction model. The activation energy for this process was calculated to be 59.03 kJ/mol.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202388x

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3604-3611

Titre :	Nickel – silicon intermetallics with enhanced selectivity in hydrogenation reactions of cinnamaldehyde and phenylacetylene
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Xiao Chen, Auteur ; Miao Li, Auteur ; Jingchao Guan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3604-3611
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrogenation
Résumé :	Nickel―silicon intermetallics have been prepared by a direct silicification method using SiH4 as the silicon source. The prepared nickel―silicon intermetallics were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and CO chemisorption measurements. The catalytic hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde and phenylacetylene over the nickel―silicon intermetallics was investigated. Nickel―silicon intermetallics presented much higher selectivity to the intermediate product (hydrocinnamaldehyde) than monometallic nickel catalyst, which may be attributed to the repulsive force between the electronegative silicon atoms in the nickel―silicon intermetallics and oxygen atoms in the C=O bond of cinnamaldehyde. In addition, nickel-silicon intermetallics showed excellent selectivity for the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene (ca. 93%) due to the strong modification of the electronic structure derived from the interaction of nickel and silicon.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595787

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3598–3603

Titre :	Effect of adsorbed water and surface hydroxyls on the hydrolysis of VX, GD, and HD on titania materials : The development of self - decontaminating paints
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	George W. Wagner, Auteur ; Gregory W. Peterson, Auteur ; John J. Mahle, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3598–3603
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Adsorbed water Hydrolysis
Résumé :	Titania materials such as anatase (TiO2), nanotubular titania (NTT), and nanocrystalline titania (nTiO2) exhibit extremely short half-lives for VX, provided adequate surface-adsorbed water is present. The effect of coadsorbed water on the hydrolytic activity of these materials toward VX, GD, and HD was assessed to select the most promising candidate for study in self-decontaminating paints and coatings. The best candidate is nTiO2, primarily chosen for its extremely short VX half-life at quite high water-content. For the most part, imbedding nTiO2 into various coatings negatively impacts its reactivity. A notable exception is observed for the case of HD and nTiO2/Wax (a paint simulant), where a somewhat shorter half-life is observed compared to the nascent nTiO2 powder. However, encrusting a painted surface with nTiO2 powder, leaving it partly exposed rather than wholly imbedded, results in improved reactivity.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202063p

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3587-3597

Titre :	Multiple controls on the chemical and physical structure of biochars
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hao Sun, Auteur ; William C Hockaday, Auteur ; Caroline A. Masiello, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3587-3597
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Biochars
Résumé :	Intentional amendment of soil with charcoal (called biochar) is a promising new approach to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide and increase soil fertility. However, the environmental properties of biochars can vary with production conditions, making it challenging to engineer biochars that are simultaneously optimized for carbon sequestration, nutrient storage, and water-holding capacity. We report here the systematic characterization of biochars produced under a variety of highly controlled pyrolysis conditions from two biomass feedstocks (corn stover and apple wood). Our results suggest that the chemical composition and physical structure of biochars are determined not just by the maximum heat treatment temperature, but also by several other factors that include the pyrolysis heating rate, treatment time at the maximum temperature and particle size. We also test a new approach that combines reactivity measurements, diffusion-reaction theory and structural models to overcome some of the challenges encountered in characterizing the complicated pore structure of biochars.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201309r

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3580-3586

Titre :	Kinetic and thermodynamic investigation of lipase - catalyzed hydrolysis of (R,S) - 3 - phenylbutyl azolides
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jin-Ru Chen, Auteur ; Chia-Ching Wu, Auteur ; Pei-Yun Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3580-3586
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hydrolysis Enzymatic catalysis Kinetics
Résumé :	Water-saturated cydohexane at 25 °C is selected as the best reaction condition for Novozym 435-catalyzed hydrolytic resolution of (R,S)-3-phenylbutyl 4-methylpyazolide (1). The kinetic constants and enantiomeric ratio of 36 are then estimated from the kinetic analysis and successfully employed for simulating the time-course conversions of both enantiomers. A feed-batch operation with water added during the reaction is proposed for converting the fast-reacting enantiomer of high concentrations to the product. A linear enthalpy-entropy compensation relationship of ―ΔΔS = ―38.84 + 3.29(―ΔΔH) with R2 = 0.98 for the lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis or alcoholysis of several (R,S)-azolides in anhydrous or water-saturated solvents is addressed. The resolution platform is further extended to (R,S)-3-(Boc-amino)-3-phenylpropionyl 4-methylpyrazolide (10), leading to improved enzyme activity and enantioselectivity if anhydrous methyl tert-butyl ether or isopropanyl ether is selected as the reaction medium.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595784

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3575–3579

Titre :	The influence of technological parameters on dehydrochlorination of dichloropropanols
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Eugeniusz Milchert, Auteur ; Anna Krzyzanowska, Auteur ; Agnieszka Wolosiak-Hnat, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3575–3579
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Dichloropropanols Hydroxide
Résumé :	The influence of technological parameters on dehydrochlorination of dichloropropanols to epichlorohydrin performed on a reaction-stripping column and a prereactor was studied. For a fixed flows of dichloropropanols solution, lime milk solution, and steam through the column, the conversion of dichloropropanols and the yield of epichlorohydrin were calculated. The influence of an excess of lime milk solution, recirculation of the water layer of the distillate from the column, the rate of steam flow through the column, and an excess of calcium hydroxide over dichloropropanols on the course of the process was studied. Moreover, the effects of the reaction time and temperature of the prereactor were tested.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202630n

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3569-3574

Titre :	Sol – gel synthesis of red - emitting phosphor Ca – Sr – Mo – W – O – (Eu 3 +, La3 +) powders and luminescence properties
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Fa-Bin Cao, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3569-3574
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Powder
Résumé :	The object of this study is to synthesize (Ca0.6,Sr0.16)(Mo0.4,W0.6):Eu3+0.08,La3+0.08 by sol―gel technology. The results show that the dominant emission peak of phosphor is 3D0 → 7F2 (616 nm). The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of the red-emitting phosphor are (0.67, 0.33), which is the NTSC system standard for red chromaticity. Because there are two regions in the excitation spectra of the phosphor, one is assigned from the charge transfer state (CTS) band at about 200―350 nm, and the other is from the intra-4f transitions from 350 to 600 nm. Hence, the phosphors could be strongly excited by near-UV and blue LEDs in solid state lighting technology. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that red-phosphor powders present a tetragonal structure, I41/a[88](Z = 4) space group.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595782

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3564–3568

Titre :	Synthesis of succinic acid alkyl half - ester derivatives with improved lubricity characteristics
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Seung-Yeob Baek, Auteur ; Young-Wun Kim, Auteur ; Keunwoo Chung, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3564–3568
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Succinic acid Lubricating properties
Résumé :	A series of succinic acid alkyl half-esters were synthesized with higher than 97% yields by a one-step reaction of succinic anhydride with various fatty alcohols. The synthesized esters were soluble in 100N base oil at 1 wt %, and the lubricating properties of the esters in ultralow-sulfur diesel fuel were measured using a high-frequency reciprocating test rig and a four-ball wear machine. Wear scar diameter results showed that lubricity depended on the presence of a carboxylic acid group and that enhancements to lubricity depended strongly on the chain lengths of the alkyl group.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202137r

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3556–3563

Titre :	Coimmobilization of detergent enzymes onto a plastic bucket and brush for their application in cloth washing
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	C. S. Pundir, Auteur ; Nidhi Chauhan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3556–3563
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Detergent enzymes
Résumé :	A mixture of detergent enzymes, α-amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase has been coimmobilized covalently onto an inner wall of a plastic beaker and bristles of a plastic brush. The coimmobilized α-amylase, cellulase, protease, and lipase retained 66.7, 54.2, 44.64, and 62.8% on the beaker and 44.01, 66.23, 33.9, and 45.8% on the brush of their initial activity in free/native form. The conjugation yield of the enzymes/proteins onto beaker and brush was 0.02 mg/cm2 and 0.016 mg/cm2, respectively. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of PVC sheet surfaces before and after coimmobilization of enzymes confirmed their coimmobilization. There were slight changes in optimal pH, incubation temperature and time for maximum activity and Km of enzymes after immobilization. The combination of any nonenzymic (cheaper) detergent and immobilized enzymes gave equal/better washing of cotton cloths than that by enzymic detergent (costly) in distilled water. Similar results were obtained with other types of water.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202053r

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3550-3555

Titre :	Isothermal thermogravimetric analysis of soybean oil oxidation correlated to thin film micro - oxidation test methods
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Mert Arca, Auteur ; Brajendra K. Sharma, Auteur ; Joseph M. Perez, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3550-3555
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Test method Thin film Oxidation Thermogravimetry
Résumé :	An isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method was used to generate a model capable of predicting the results of the Thin Film Micro-Oxidation (TFMO) test in a soybean oil system. Utilizing a series of pseudorate constants and "activation energies", weight loss data from the TGA method can predict oxidation, polymerization, evaporation, and the formation of high molecular weight deposits, normally observed in the TFMO test. These parameters can be used in simple computer simulations which can calculate the weight of each component of a lubricant as it decomposes. This allows evaluation of lubricants without the difficult to obtain TFMO equipment, instead utilizing equipment available in most laboratories.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595779

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3531-3540

Titre :	Structure – thermomechanical property correlations of highly branched siloxane – urethane networks
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Someshwarnath Pandey, Auteur ; Sangram K. Rath, Auteur ; Asit. B. Samui, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3531-3540
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Correlation analysis Correlation Thermomechanical properties
Résumé :	A series of B3 core-terminated highly branched siloxane―urethane polymers was synthesized through the A2 + B3 route. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as the A2 unit and triethanol amine as the B3 core. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) studies revealed decreasing number-average molecular weights for the branched polymers and increasing tendency toward lower molecular weight species formation with increased proportion of B3 core in the branched polymers. The degree of branching and fraction of dendritic units, evaluated from 1H NMR, increased monotonically with increasing B3 core in the branched polymers. Cross-linked networks of the highly branched polymers were prepared by reaction of the terminal hydroxyl groups with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) at room temperature. The sol fractions obtained for the networks from solvent extraction studies were consistent with the non-network-forming low molecular weight fractions obtained from the deconvoluted SEC traces. The solubility parameter, Flory―Huggins interaction parameter, and cross-link density of the networks were evaluated from swelling studies. FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the degree of hydrogen bonding of the branched networks. The thermomechanical properties of the networks were evaluated by stress-strain measurements and dynamic mechanical analysis, and the results were correlated with the structural parameters, such as degree of branching, extent of hydrogen bonding, and cross-link density.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25595777

[article]
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 9 (Mars 2012) . - pp. 3525-3530

Titre :	Variables affecting biodiesel production from zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil with high free fatty acids
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Junhua Zhang, Auteur ; Zhang, Lei, Auteur ; Lili Jia, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 3525-3530
Note générale :	Chimie industrielle
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Production Biodiesel
Résumé :	The Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed oil (ZSO) having high free fatty acids was successfully transformed into biodiesel by acid-catalyzed esterification and alkali-catalyzed transesterification and high conversion to biodiesel was obtained in a short time compared to acid-catalyzed transesterification. Methanol-to-oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, and reaction time were found to clearly affect the ferric sulfate-catalyzed esterification of ZSO. The acid value of ZSO was reduced to less than 2 mg of KOH/g with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 16:1, catalyst amount of 2%, and reaction time of 3 h, following transesterification using an alkaline catalyst. The conversion to biodiesel by potassium hydroxide-catalyzed transesterification was achieved above 98% under optimum conditions: a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, catalyst amount of 1.5%, reaction time of 60 min, and reaction temperature of 60 °C. The biodiesel production process was also confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200306w

Industrial & engineering chemistry research / Paul, Donald R. . Vol. 51 N° 9

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