Dépouillements

Fault monitoring of wind turbine generator brushes / Anoop Verma in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 09 p. Titre : Fault monitoring of wind turbine generator brushes : a data-mining approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Anoop Verma, Auteur ; Andrew Kusiak, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 09 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : wind  turbine;  data-mining;  prediction;  Tomek  links;  generator  brush  wear;  boosting  tree;  random  forest Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : Components of wind turbines are subjected to asymmetric loads caused by variable wind conditions. Carbon brushes are critical components of the wind turbine generator. Adequately maintaining and detecting abnormalities in the carbon brushes early is essential for proper turbine performance. In this paper, data-mining algorithms are applied for early prediction of carbon brush faults. Predicting generator brush faults early enables timely maintenance or replacement of brushes. The results discussed in this paper are based on analyzing generator brush faults that occurred on 27 wind turbines. The datasets used to analyze faults were collected from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems installed at the wind turbines. Twenty-four data-mining models are constructed to predict faults up to 12 h before the actual fault occurs. To increase the prediction accuracy of the models discussed, a data balancing approach is used. Four data-mining algorithms were studied to evaluate the quality of the models for predicting generator brush faults. Among the selected data-mining algorithms, the boosting tree algorithm provided the best prediction results. Research limitations attributed to the available datasets are discussed. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Fault monitoring of wind turbine generator brushes : a data-mining approach [texte imprimé] / Anoop Verma, Auteur ; Andrew Kusiak, Auteur . - 2012 . - 09 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 09 p. Mots-clés : wind  turbine;  data-mining;  prediction;  Tomek  links;  generator  brush  wear;  boosting  tree;  random  forest Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : Components of wind turbines are subjected to asymmetric loads caused by variable wind conditions. Carbon brushes are critical components of the wind turbine generator. Adequately maintaining and detecting abnormalities in the carbon brushes early is essential for proper turbine performance. In this paper, data-mining algorithms are applied for early prediction of carbon brush faults. Predicting generator brush faults early enables timely maintenance or replacement of brushes. The results discussed in this paper are based on analyzing generator brush faults that occurred on 27 wind turbines. The datasets used to analyze faults were collected from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems installed at the wind turbines. Twenty-four data-mining models are constructed to predict faults up to 12 h before the actual fault occurs. To increase the prediction accuracy of the models discussed, a data balancing approach is used. Four data-mining algorithms were studied to evaluate the quality of the models for predicting generator brush faults. Among the selected data-mining algorithms, the boosting tree algorithm provided the best prediction results. Research limitations attributed to the available datasets are discussed. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Experimental and numerical heat transfer analysis of an air-based cavity-receiver for solar trough concentrators / R. Bader in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Titre : Experimental and numerical heat transfer analysis of an air-based cavity-receiver for solar trough concentrators Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : R. Bader, Auteur ; A. Pedretti, Auteur ; A. Steinfeld, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 08 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : heat  transfer;  parabolic  trough;  simulation;  solar  receiver;  testing;  cavity;  air Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : We report on the field testing of a 42 m-long full-scale solar receiver prototype installed on a 9 m-aperture solar trough concentrator. The solar receiver consists of a cylindrical cavity containing a tubular absorber with air as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). Experimental results are used to validate a heat transfer model based on Monte Carlo ray-tracing and finite-volume techniques. Performance predictions obtained with the validated model yield the following results for the receiver. At summer solstice solar noon, with HTF inlet temperature of 120 °C and HTF outlet temperature in the range 250–450 °C, the receiver efficiency ranges from 45% to 29% for a solar power input of 280 kW. One third of the solar radiation incident on the receiver is lost by spillage at the aperture and reflection inside the cavity. Other heat losses are due to natural convection (9.9–9.7% of solar power input) and re-radiation (6.1–17.6%) through the cavity aperture and by natural convection from the cavity insulation (5.6–9.1%). The energy penalty associated with the HTF pumping work represents 0.6–24.4% of the power generated. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Experimental and numerical heat transfer analysis of an air-based cavity-receiver for solar trough concentrators [texte imprimé] / R. Bader, Auteur ; A. Pedretti, Auteur ; A. Steinfeld, Auteur . - 2012 . - 08 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Mots-clés : heat  transfer;  parabolic  trough;  simulation;  solar  receiver;  testing;  cavity;  air Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : We report on the field testing of a 42 m-long full-scale solar receiver prototype installed on a 9 m-aperture solar trough concentrator. The solar receiver consists of a cylindrical cavity containing a tubular absorber with air as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). Experimental results are used to validate a heat transfer model based on Monte Carlo ray-tracing and finite-volume techniques. Performance predictions obtained with the validated model yield the following results for the receiver. At summer solstice solar noon, with HTF inlet temperature of 120 °C and HTF outlet temperature in the range 250–450 °C, the receiver efficiency ranges from 45% to 29% for a solar power input of 280 kW. One third of the solar radiation incident on the receiver is lost by spillage at the aperture and reflection inside the cavity. Other heat losses are due to natural convection (9.9–9.7% of solar power input) and re-radiation (6.1–17.6%) through the cavity aperture and by natural convection from the cavity insulation (5.6–9.1%). The energy penalty associated with the HTF pumping work represents 0.6–24.4% of the power generated. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Experimental and numerical analyses of a pressurized air receiver for solar-driven gas turbines / I. Hischier in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Titre : Experimental and numerical analyses of a pressurized air receiver for solar-driven gas turbines Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : I. Hischier, Auteur ; P. Leumann, Auteur ; A. Steinfeld, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 08 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : solar-driven  gas  turbines;  solar  radiation;  numerical  analysis Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : A high-temperature pressurized air-based receiver for power generation via solar-driven gas turbines is experimentally examined and numerically modeled. It consists of an annular reticulate porous ceramic (RPC) foam concentric with an inner cylindrical cavity-receiver exposed to concentrated solar radiation. Absorbed heat is transferred by combined conduction, radiation, and convection to the pressurized air flowing across the RPC. The governing steady-state mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations are formulated and solved numerically by coupled finite volume and Monte Carlo techniques. Validation is accomplished with experimental results using a 3 kW solar receiver prototype subjected to average solar radiative fluxes at the CPC outlet in the range 1870–4360 kW m−2. Experimentation was carried out with air and helium as working fluids, heated from ambient temperature up to 1335 K at an absolute operating pressure of 5 bars. The validated model is then applied to optimize the receiver design for maximum solar energy conversion efficiency and to analyze the thermal performance of 100 kW and 1 MW scaled-up versions of the solar receiver. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Experimental and numerical analyses of a pressurized air receiver for solar-driven gas turbines [texte imprimé] / I. Hischier, Auteur ; P. Leumann, Auteur ; A. Steinfeld, Auteur . - 2012 . - 08 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Mots-clés : solar-driven  gas  turbines;  solar  radiation;  numerical  analysis Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : A high-temperature pressurized air-based receiver for power generation via solar-driven gas turbines is experimentally examined and numerically modeled. It consists of an annular reticulate porous ceramic (RPC) foam concentric with an inner cylindrical cavity-receiver exposed to concentrated solar radiation. Absorbed heat is transferred by combined conduction, radiation, and convection to the pressurized air flowing across the RPC. The governing steady-state mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations are formulated and solved numerically by coupled finite volume and Monte Carlo techniques. Validation is accomplished with experimental results using a 3 kW solar receiver prototype subjected to average solar radiative fluxes at the CPC outlet in the range 1870–4360 kW m−2. Experimentation was carried out with air and helium as working fluids, heated from ambient temperature up to 1335 K at an absolute operating pressure of 5 bars. The validated model is then applied to optimize the receiver design for maximum solar energy conversion efficiency and to analyze the thermal performance of 100 kW and 1 MW scaled-up versions of the solar receiver. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Monitoring wind turbine vibration based on SCADA data / Zijun Zhang in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 12 p. Titre : Monitoring wind turbine vibration based on SCADA data Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zijun Zhang, Auteur ; Andrew Kusiak, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 12 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : turbine  vibration;  monitoring;  control  chart;  k-means  clustering;  drivetrain  acceleration;  tower  acceleration;  date-mining;  neural  networks  ensemble Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : Three models for detecting abnormalities of wind turbine vibrations reflected in time domain are discussed. The models were derived from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data collected at various wind turbines. The vibration of a wind turbine is characterized by two parameters, i.e., drivetrain and tower acceleration. An unsupervised data-mining algorithm, the k-means clustering algorithm, was applied to develop the first monitoring model. The other two monitoring models for detecting abnormal values of drivetrain and tower acceleration were developed by using the concept of a control chart. SCADA vibration data sampled at 10 s intervals reflects normal and faulty status of wind turbines. The performance of the three monitoring models for detecting abnormalities of wind turbines reflected in vibration data of time domain was validated with the SCADA industrial data. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Monitoring wind turbine vibration based on SCADA data [texte imprimé] / Zijun Zhang, Auteur ; Andrew Kusiak, Auteur . - 2012 . - 12 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 12 p. Mots-clés : turbine  vibration;  monitoring;  control  chart;  k-means  clustering;  drivetrain  acceleration;  tower  acceleration;  date-mining;  neural  networks  ensemble Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : Three models for detecting abnormalities of wind turbine vibrations reflected in time domain are discussed. The models were derived from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data collected at various wind turbines. The vibration of a wind turbine is characterized by two parameters, i.e., drivetrain and tower acceleration. An unsupervised data-mining algorithm, the k-means clustering algorithm, was applied to develop the first monitoring model. The other two monitoring models for detecting abnormal values of drivetrain and tower acceleration were developed by using the concept of a control chart. SCADA vibration data sampled at 10 s intervals reflects normal and faulty status of wind turbines. The performance of the three monitoring models for detecting abnormalities of wind turbines reflected in vibration data of time domain was validated with the SCADA industrial data. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

A new approach for meteorological variables prediction at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, using artificial neural networks / Tamer Khatib in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 10 p. Titre : A new approach for meteorological variables prediction at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, using artificial neural networks : application for sizing and maintaining photovoltaic systems Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Tamer Khatib, Auteur ; Azah Mohamed, Auteur ; M. Mahmoud, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 10 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : meteorological  variables  prediction;  solar  energy;  ambient  temperature;  wind  speed;  relative  humidity;  PV  systems;  Malaysia Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : This research presents a new meteorological variables prediction approach for Malaysia using artificial neural networks. The developed model predicts four meteorological variables using sun shine ratio, day number, and location coordinates. These meteorological variables are solar energy, ambient temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. However, three statistical values are used to evaluate the proposed model. These statistical values are mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean bias error (MBE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Based on results, the developed model predicts accurately the four meteorological variables. The MAPE, RMSE, and MBE in predicting solar radiation are 1.3%, 5.8 (1.8%), and 0.9 (0.3%), respectively, while the MAPE, RMSE, and MBE values for ambient temperature prediction are 1.3%, 0.4 (1.7%), and 0.1 (0.4%), respectively. In addition, the MAPE, RMSE, and MBE values in relative humidity prediction are 3.2%, 3.2, and 0.2. As for wind speed prediction, it is the worst in accuracy among the predicted variables because the MAPE, RMSE, and MBE values are 28.9%, 0.5 (31.3%), and 0.02 (1.25%). Such a developed model helps in sizing photovoltaic (PV) systems using solar energy and ambient temperature records. Moreover, wind speed and relative humidity records could be used in estimating dust concentration group which leads to dust deposition on a PV system. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] A new approach for meteorological variables prediction at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, using artificial neural networks : application for sizing and maintaining photovoltaic systems [texte imprimé] / Tamer Khatib, Auteur ; Azah Mohamed, Auteur ; M. Mahmoud, Auteur . - 2012 . - 10 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 10 p. Mots-clés : meteorological  variables  prediction;  solar  energy;  ambient  temperature;  wind  speed;  relative  humidity;  PV  systems;  Malaysia Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : This research presents a new meteorological variables prediction approach for Malaysia using artificial neural networks. The developed model predicts four meteorological variables using sun shine ratio, day number, and location coordinates. These meteorological variables are solar energy, ambient temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity. However, three statistical values are used to evaluate the proposed model. These statistical values are mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean bias error (MBE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Based on results, the developed model predicts accurately the four meteorological variables. The MAPE, RMSE, and MBE in predicting solar radiation are 1.3%, 5.8 (1.8%), and 0.9 (0.3%), respectively, while the MAPE, RMSE, and MBE values for ambient temperature prediction are 1.3%, 0.4 (1.7%), and 0.1 (0.4%), respectively. In addition, the MAPE, RMSE, and MBE values in relative humidity prediction are 3.2%, 3.2, and 0.2. As for wind speed prediction, it is the worst in accuracy among the predicted variables because the MAPE, RMSE, and MBE values are 28.9%, 0.5 (31.3%), and 0.02 (1.25%). Such a developed model helps in sizing photovoltaic (PV) systems using solar energy and ambient temperature records. Moreover, wind speed and relative humidity records could be used in estimating dust concentration group which leads to dust deposition on a PV system. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

A local thermal nonequilibrium analysis of silicon carbide ceramic foam as a solar volumetric receiver / Y. Sano in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Titre : A local thermal nonequilibrium analysis of silicon carbide ceramic foam as a solar volumetric receiver Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Y. Sano, Auteur ; S. Iwase, Auteur ; A. Nakayama, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 08 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : thermal  nonequilibrium;  volumetric  solar  receiver;  popous  media:  ceramic  foam Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : A volumetric solar receiver receives the concentrated radiation generated by a large number of heliostats. Heat transfer takes place from the receiver solid phase to the air as it passes through the porous receiver. Such combined heat transfer within the receiver, associated radiation, convection and conduction, are investigated using a local thermal nonequilibrium model. The Rosseland approximation is applied to account for the radiative heat transfer through the solar receiver, while the low Mach approximation is exploited to investigate the compressible flow through the receiver. Analytic solutions are obtained for the developments of air and ceramic temperatures as well as the pressure along the flow direction. The results show that the pore diameter must be larger than its critical value to achieve high receiver efficiency. Subsequently, there exists an optimal pore diameter for achieving the maximum receiver efficiency under the equal pumping power. The solutions serve as a useful tool for designing a novel volumetric solar receiver of silicon carbide ceramic foam. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] A local thermal nonequilibrium analysis of silicon carbide ceramic foam as a solar volumetric receiver [texte imprimé] / Y. Sano, Auteur ; S. Iwase, Auteur ; A. Nakayama, Auteur . - 2012 . - 08 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Mots-clés : thermal  nonequilibrium;  volumetric  solar  receiver;  popous  media:  ceramic  foam Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : A volumetric solar receiver receives the concentrated radiation generated by a large number of heliostats. Heat transfer takes place from the receiver solid phase to the air as it passes through the porous receiver. Such combined heat transfer within the receiver, associated radiation, convection and conduction, are investigated using a local thermal nonequilibrium model. The Rosseland approximation is applied to account for the radiative heat transfer through the solar receiver, while the low Mach approximation is exploited to investigate the compressible flow through the receiver. Analytic solutions are obtained for the developments of air and ceramic temperatures as well as the pressure along the flow direction. The results show that the pore diameter must be larger than its critical value to achieve high receiver efficiency. Subsequently, there exists an optimal pore diameter for achieving the maximum receiver efficiency under the equal pumping power. The solutions serve as a useful tool for designing a novel volumetric solar receiver of silicon carbide ceramic foam. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Impact of layered soil on foundation heat transfer for slab-on grade floors / Nizar Khaled in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Titre : Impact of layered soil on foundation heat transfer for slab-on grade floors Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nizar Khaled, Auteur ; Khaled Rouissi, Auteur ; Moncef Krarti, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 08 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : ITPE  technique;  layered  soil;  slab-on-gradd  floors;  steady-periodic  heat  transfer Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : This paper presents an analytical solution associated with the steady-periodic heat transfer for a typical slab-on-grade floor building foundation in contact with a nonhomogeneous soil medium. In particular, the solution accounts for the impact of the above-grade wall thickness on the ground-coupled heat transfer. The interzone temperature estimation profile (ITPE) technique is utilized to obtain the analytical solution to determine soil temperature distributions and to estimate foundation heat loss/gain from slab-on-grade floors. In this paper, the impact of the nonhomogeneous soil properties on the transient foundation heat transfer is investigated for various slab configurations and soil thermal properties. The presented solution presents the first ITPE analytical solution for building foundation coupled with layered soil medium. The results indicate that nonhomogeneous soil properties have a significant effect on soil temperature distribution and on total slab heat loss. In particular, it is found that an error of up to 20% in estimating total slab heat transfer can be incurred if homogeneous soil medium is considered instead of a two-layered ground. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Impact of layered soil on foundation heat transfer for slab-on grade floors [texte imprimé] / Nizar Khaled, Auteur ; Khaled Rouissi, Auteur ; Moncef Krarti, Auteur . - 2012 . - 08 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Mots-clés : ITPE  technique;  layered  soil;  slab-on-gradd  floors;  steady-periodic  heat  transfer Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : This paper presents an analytical solution associated with the steady-periodic heat transfer for a typical slab-on-grade floor building foundation in contact with a nonhomogeneous soil medium. In particular, the solution accounts for the impact of the above-grade wall thickness on the ground-coupled heat transfer. The interzone temperature estimation profile (ITPE) technique is utilized to obtain the analytical solution to determine soil temperature distributions and to estimate foundation heat loss/gain from slab-on-grade floors. In this paper, the impact of the nonhomogeneous soil properties on the transient foundation heat transfer is investigated for various slab configurations and soil thermal properties. The presented solution presents the first ITPE analytical solution for building foundation coupled with layered soil medium. The results indicate that nonhomogeneous soil properties have a significant effect on soil temperature distribution and on total slab heat loss. In particular, it is found that an error of up to 20% in estimating total slab heat transfer can be incurred if homogeneous soil medium is considered instead of a two-layered ground. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Analysis of thermo-active foundations with u-tube heat exchangers / Khaled Rouissi in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Titre : Analysis of thermo-active foundations with u-tube heat exchangers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Khaled Rouissi, Auteur ; Moncef Krarti, Auteur ; John S. McCartney, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 08 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : thermo-active  foundations;  ground  source  heat  pumps  (GSHPs);  U-tube;  finite  difference  method Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : This paper presents a heat transfer model for thermo-active drilled-shaft foundations used for heating and cooling buildings. Specifically, this paper presents a numerical approach to evaluate the unsteady temperature distribution within the ground medium surrounding the foundation as well as indoor/outdoor heat fluxes. In particular, a 2D numerical solution was obtained using the finite difference technique with a purely implicit solution scheme. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the efficiency of the thermo-active foundation can be significantly improved with a proper selection of design parameters including heat exchanger fluid flow velocity, foundation depth, and foundation materials. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Analysis of thermo-active foundations with u-tube heat exchangers [texte imprimé] / Khaled Rouissi, Auteur ; Moncef Krarti, Auteur ; John S. McCartney, Auteur . - 2012 . - 08 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 08 p. Mots-clés : thermo-active  foundations;  ground  source  heat  pumps  (GSHPs);  U-tube;  finite  difference  method Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : This paper presents a heat transfer model for thermo-active drilled-shaft foundations used for heating and cooling buildings. Specifically, this paper presents a numerical approach to evaluate the unsteady temperature distribution within the ground medium surrounding the foundation as well as indoor/outdoor heat fluxes. In particular, a 2D numerical solution was obtained using the finite difference technique with a purely implicit solution scheme. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the efficiency of the thermo-active foundation can be significantly improved with a proper selection of design parameters including heat exchanger fluid flow velocity, foundation depth, and foundation materials. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Radiative heat transfer analysis in plasmonic nanofluids for direct solar thermal absorption / Bong Jae Lee in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 06 p. Titre : Radiative heat transfer analysis in plasmonic nanofluids for direct solar thermal absorption Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Bong Jae Lee, Auteur ; Keunhan Park, Auteur ; Timothy Walsh, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 06 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : solar  thermal  collector;  metallic  nanoparticles;  plasmon;  absorption;  Monte  Carlo  algorithm;  finite  element  analysis Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : The present study reports a novel concept of a direct solar thermal collector that harnesses the localized surface plasmon of metallic nanoparticles suspended in water. At the plasmon resonance frequency, the absorption and scattering from the nanoparticle can be greatly enhanced via the coupling of the incident radiation with the collective motion of electrons in metal. However, the surface plasmon induces strong absorption with a sharp peak due to its resonant nature, which is not desirable for broad-band solar absorption. In order to achieve the broad-band absorption, we propose a direct solar thermal collector that has four types of gold-nanoshell particles blended in the aquatic solution. Numerical simulations based on the Monte Carlo algorithm and finite element analysis have shown that the use of blended plasmonic nanofluids can significantly enhance the solar collector efficiency with an extremely low particle concentration (e.g., approximately 70% for a 0.05% particle volume fraction). The low particle concentration ensures that nanoparticles do not significantly alter the flow characteristics of nanofluids inside the solar collector. The results obtained from this study will facilitate the development of highly efficient solar thermal collectors using plasmonic nanofluids. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Radiative heat transfer analysis in plasmonic nanofluids for direct solar thermal absorption [texte imprimé] / Bong Jae Lee, Auteur ; Keunhan Park, Auteur ; Timothy Walsh, Auteur . - 2012 . - 06 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 06 p. Mots-clés : solar  thermal  collector;  metallic  nanoparticles;  plasmon;  absorption;  Monte  Carlo  algorithm;  finite  element  analysis Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : The present study reports a novel concept of a direct solar thermal collector that harnesses the localized surface plasmon of metallic nanoparticles suspended in water. At the plasmon resonance frequency, the absorption and scattering from the nanoparticle can be greatly enhanced via the coupling of the incident radiation with the collective motion of electrons in metal. However, the surface plasmon induces strong absorption with a sharp peak due to its resonant nature, which is not desirable for broad-band solar absorption. In order to achieve the broad-band absorption, we propose a direct solar thermal collector that has four types of gold-nanoshell particles blended in the aquatic solution. Numerical simulations based on the Monte Carlo algorithm and finite element analysis have shown that the use of blended plasmonic nanofluids can significantly enhance the solar collector efficiency with an extremely low particle concentration (e.g., approximately 70% for a 0.05% particle volume fraction). The low particle concentration ensures that nanoparticles do not significantly alter the flow characteristics of nanofluids inside the solar collector. The results obtained from this study will facilitate the development of highly efficient solar thermal collectors using plasmonic nanofluids. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

A novel lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator for photovoltaic applications / Yuehong Su in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 07 p. Titre : A novel lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator for photovoltaic applications Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yuehong Su, Auteur ; Gang Pei, Auteur ; Saffa B. Riffat, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 07 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : lens-walled;  CPC;  half  acceptance  angle;  concentration  ratio;  optical  efficiency Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a nonimaging concentrator that can concentrate solar radiation coming within its acceptance angle. A low concentration CPC photovoltaic system has the advantages of reduced Photovoltaics (PVs) cell size, increased efficiency and stationary operation. The acceptance angle of a CPC is associated with its geometrical concentration ratio, by which the size of PV cell could be reduced. Truncation is a way to increase the actual acceptance angle of a mirror CPC, but it also reduces the geometrical concentration ratio. On the other hand, a solid dielectric CPC can have a much larger acceptance angle, but it has a larger weight. To overcome these drawbacks, this study presents a novel lens-walled CPC that has a thin lens attached to the inside of a common mirror CPC or has the lens to be mirror coated on its outside surface. The shape of the lens is formed by rotating the parabolic curves of a CPC by a small degree internally around the top end points of the curves. The refraction of the lens allows the lens-walled CPC to concentrate light from wider incidence angle. The commercial optical analysis software PHOTOPIA is used to verify the principle of the presented lens-walled CPC and examine its optical performance against the common CPCs. As an example, the simulation is aimed to evaluate whether a lens-walled CPC with a geometrical concentration ratio of 4 has any advantage over a common CPC with a geometrical concentration ratio of 2.5 in terms of actual acceptance angle, optical efficiency and optical concentration ratio. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] A novel lens-walled compound parabolic concentrator for photovoltaic applications [texte imprimé] / Yuehong Su, Auteur ; Gang Pei, Auteur ; Saffa B. Riffat, Auteur . - 2012 . - 07 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 07 p. Mots-clés : lens-walled;  CPC;  half  acceptance  angle;  concentration  ratio;  optical  efficiency Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : A compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) is a nonimaging concentrator that can concentrate solar radiation coming within its acceptance angle. A low concentration CPC photovoltaic system has the advantages of reduced Photovoltaics (PVs) cell size, increased efficiency and stationary operation. The acceptance angle of a CPC is associated with its geometrical concentration ratio, by which the size of PV cell could be reduced. Truncation is a way to increase the actual acceptance angle of a mirror CPC, but it also reduces the geometrical concentration ratio. On the other hand, a solid dielectric CPC can have a much larger acceptance angle, but it has a larger weight. To overcome these drawbacks, this study presents a novel lens-walled CPC that has a thin lens attached to the inside of a common mirror CPC or has the lens to be mirror coated on its outside surface. The shape of the lens is formed by rotating the parabolic curves of a CPC by a small degree internally around the top end points of the curves. The refraction of the lens allows the lens-walled CPC to concentrate light from wider incidence angle. The commercial optical analysis software PHOTOPIA is used to verify the principle of the presented lens-walled CPC and examine its optical performance against the common CPCs. As an example, the simulation is aimed to evaluate whether a lens-walled CPC with a geometrical concentration ratio of 4 has any advantage over a common CPC with a geometrical concentration ratio of 2.5 in terms of actual acceptance angle, optical efficiency and optical concentration ratio. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

An improved coefficient calculator for the Clifornia energy commission 6 parameter photovoltaic module model / Aron P. Dobos in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 06 p. Titre : An improved coefficient calculator for the Clifornia energy commission 6 parameter photovoltaic module model Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Aron P. Dobos, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 06 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : California  energy  commission;  photovoltaic  calculator;  operational  coefficients Résumé : This paper describes an improved algorithm for calculating the six parameters required by the California Energy Commission (CEC) photovoltaic (PV) Calculator module model. Rebate applications in California require results from the CEC PV model, and thus depend on an up-to-date database of module characteristics. Currently, adding new modules to the database requires calculating operational coefficients using a general purpose equation solver—a cumbersome process for the 300+ modules added on average every month. The combination of empirical regressions and heuristic methods presented herein achieve automated convergence for 99.87% of the 5487 modules in the CEC database and greatly enhance the accuracy and efficiency by which new modules can be characterized and approved for use. The added robustness also permits general purpose use of the CEC/6 parameter module model by modelers and system analysts when standard module specifications are known, even if the module does not exist in a preprocessed database. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] An improved coefficient calculator for the Clifornia energy commission 6 parameter photovoltaic module model [texte imprimé] / Aron P. Dobos, Auteur . - 2012 . - 06 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 06 p. Mots-clés : California  energy  commission;  photovoltaic  calculator;  operational  coefficients Résumé : This paper describes an improved algorithm for calculating the six parameters required by the California Energy Commission (CEC) photovoltaic (PV) Calculator module model. Rebate applications in California require results from the CEC PV model, and thus depend on an up-to-date database of module characteristics. Currently, adding new modules to the database requires calculating operational coefficients using a general purpose equation solver—a cumbersome process for the 300+ modules added on average every month. The combination of empirical regressions and heuristic methods presented herein achieve automated convergence for 99.87% of the 5487 modules in the CEC database and greatly enhance the accuracy and efficiency by which new modules can be characterized and approved for use. The added robustness also permits general purpose use of the CEC/6 parameter module model by modelers and system analysts when standard module specifications are known, even if the module does not exist in a preprocessed database. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Implementation of a mixing length turbulence formulation into the dynamic wake meandering model / Rolf-Erik Keck in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 13 p. Titre : Implementation of a mixing length turbulence formulation into the dynamic wake meandering model Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Rolf-Erik Keck, Auteur ; Dick Veldkamp, Auteur ; Helge Aagaard Madsen, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 13 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : dynamic  wake  meandering  (DWM)  model;  turbulence;  simulation;  actuator  line  model Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : The work presented in this paper focuses on improving the description of wake evolution due to turbulent mixing in the dynamic wake meandering (DWM) model. From wake investigations performed with high-fidelity actuator line simulations carried out in ELLIPSYS3D, it is seen that the current DWM description, where the eddy viscosity is assumed to be constant in each cross-section of the wake, is insufficient. Instead, a two-dimensional eddy viscosity formulation is proposed to model the shear layer generated turbulence in the wake, based on the classical mixing length model. The performance of the modified DWM model is verified by comparing the mean wake velocity distribution with a set of ELLIPSYS3D actuator line calculations. The standard error (defined as the standard deviation of the difference between the mean velocity field of the DWM and the actuator line model), in the wake region extending from 3 to 12 diameters behind the rotor, is reduced by 27% by using the new eddy viscosity formulation. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Implementation of a mixing length turbulence formulation into the dynamic wake meandering model [texte imprimé] / Rolf-Erik Keck, Auteur ; Dick Veldkamp, Auteur ; Helge Aagaard Madsen, Auteur . - 2012 . - 13 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 13 p. Mots-clés : dynamic  wake  meandering  (DWM)  model;  turbulence;  simulation;  actuator  line  model Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : The work presented in this paper focuses on improving the description of wake evolution due to turbulent mixing in the dynamic wake meandering (DWM) model. From wake investigations performed with high-fidelity actuator line simulations carried out in ELLIPSYS3D, it is seen that the current DWM description, where the eddy viscosity is assumed to be constant in each cross-section of the wake, is insufficient. Instead, a two-dimensional eddy viscosity formulation is proposed to model the shear layer generated turbulence in the wake, based on the classical mixing length model. The performance of the modified DWM model is verified by comparing the mean wake velocity distribution with a set of ELLIPSYS3D actuator line calculations. The standard error (defined as the standard deviation of the difference between the mean velocity field of the DWM and the actuator line model), in the wake region extending from 3 to 12 diameters behind the rotor, is reduced by 27% by using the new eddy viscosity formulation. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Aerodynamic performance of a small horizontal axis wind turbine / Maryam Refan in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 07 p. Titre : Aerodynamic performance of a small horizontal axis wind turbine Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Maryam Refan, Auteur ; Horia Hangan, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 07 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : horizontal  axis  wind  turbine;  blade  element  momentum;  rotor  performance Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : The aerodynamic performance of an upwind, three-bladed, small horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotor of 2.2 m in diameter was investigated experimentally and theoretically in order to assess the applicability of the blade element momentum (BEM) theory for modeling the rotor performance for the case of small HAWTs. The wind turbine has been tested in the low and high speed sections of the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel 2 (BLWT2) at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) in order to determine the power curve over a wide range of wind speeds. Afterward, the BEM theory has been implemented to evaluate the rotor performance and to investigate three-dimensionality effects on power prediction by the theory. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results shows that the overall prediction of the theory is within an acceptable range of accuracy. However, the BEM theory prediction for the case of small wind turbines is not as accurate as the prediction for larger wind turbines. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Aerodynamic performance of a small horizontal axis wind turbine [texte imprimé] / Maryam Refan, Auteur ; Horia Hangan, Auteur . - 2012 . - 07 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 07 p. Mots-clés : horizontal  axis  wind  turbine;  blade  element  momentum;  rotor  performance Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : The aerodynamic performance of an upwind, three-bladed, small horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) rotor of 2.2 m in diameter was investigated experimentally and theoretically in order to assess the applicability of the blade element momentum (BEM) theory for modeling the rotor performance for the case of small HAWTs. The wind turbine has been tested in the low and high speed sections of the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel 2 (BLWT2) at the University of Western Ontario (UWO) in order to determine the power curve over a wide range of wind speeds. Afterward, the BEM theory has been implemented to evaluate the rotor performance and to investigate three-dimensionality effects on power prediction by the theory. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results shows that the overall prediction of the theory is within an acceptable range of accuracy. However, the BEM theory prediction for the case of small wind turbines is not as accurate as the prediction for larger wind turbines. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

Concentrating solar power in Europe, the middle east and north Africa / Robert Pitz-Paal in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 06 p. Titre : Concentrating solar power in Europe, the middle east and north Africa : a review of development issues and potential to 2050 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Robert Pitz-Paal, Auteur ; Amr Amin, Auteur ; Marc Oliver Bettzuge, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 06 p. Note générale : solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : concentrating  solar  power;  carbon  electricity  systems;  cost  reductions;  thermal  energy  storage;  Europe;  Africa Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : This paper summarizes the findings of a study undertaken by the European Academies Science Advisory Council to evaluate the development challenges of concentrating solar power (CSP) and its consequent potential to contribute to low carbon electricity systems in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (the MENA region) to 2050. The study reviewed the current status and prospective developments of the four main CSP technology families, and identified prospective technical developments, quantifying anticipated efficiency improvements and cost reductions. Similarly, developments in thermal energy storage were evaluated, and the role and value of CSP storage in electricity systems were examined. A key conclusion was that as the share of intermittent renewables in an electricity system increases, so does the value of thermal energy storage in CSP plants. Looking ahead, the study concludes that CSP should be cost competitive with fossil-fired power generation at some point in the 2020's provided that commercial deployment continues at an increasing rate, and through support mechanisms that incentivise technology development. Incentive schemes should reflect the real value of electricity to the system, and should ensure sufficient transparency of cost data that learning rates can be monitored. Key factors which will determine CSP's contribution in Europe and the MENA region over the period to 2050 are generating costs, physical constraints on construction of new plants and transmission, and considerations of security of supply. The study makes recommendations to European and MENA region policy makers on how the associated issues should be addressed. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...] [article] Concentrating solar power in Europe, the middle east and north Africa : a review of development issues and potential to 2050 [texte imprimé] / Robert Pitz-Paal, Auteur ; Amr Amin, Auteur ; Marc Oliver Bettzuge, Auteur . - 2012 . - 06 p. solar energy Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME. Journal of solar energy engineering > Vol. 134 N° 2 (Mai 2012) . - 06 p. Mots-clés : concentrating  solar  power;  carbon  electricity  systems;  cost  reductions;  thermal  energy  storage;  Europe;  Africa Index. décimale : 621.47 Résumé : This paper summarizes the findings of a study undertaken by the European Academies Science Advisory Council to evaluate the development challenges of concentrating solar power (CSP) and its consequent potential to contribute to low carbon electricity systems in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (the MENA region) to 2050. The study reviewed the current status and prospective developments of the four main CSP technology families, and identified prospective technical developments, quantifying anticipated efficiency improvements and cost reductions. Similarly, developments in thermal energy storage were evaluated, and the role and value of CSP storage in electricity systems were examined. A key conclusion was that as the share of intermittent renewables in an electricity system increases, so does the value of thermal energy storage in CSP plants. Looking ahead, the study concludes that CSP should be cost competitive with fossil-fired power generation at some point in the 2020's provided that commercial deployment continues at an increasing rate, and through support mechanisms that incentivise technology development. Incentive schemes should reflect the real value of electricity to the system, and should ensure sufficient transparency of cost data that learning rates can be monitored. Key factors which will determine CSP's contribution in Europe and the MENA region over the period to 2050 are generating costs, physical constraints on construction of new plants and transmission, and considerations of security of supply. The study makes recommendations to European and MENA region policy makers on how the associated issues should be addressed. DEWEY : 621.47 ISSN : 0199-6231 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JSEEDO000134000002 [...]

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