Dépouillements

Kinetic studies of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over La, Mg and Ca promoted nano-structured iron catalyst / Ali Nakhaei Pour in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 61–68 Titre : Kinetic studies of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over La, Mg and Ca promoted nano-structured iron catalyst Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ali Nakhaei Pour, Auteur ; Mohammad Reza Housaindokht, Auteur ; Sayyed Faramarz Tayyari, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 61–68 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fischer–Tropsch  synthesis  Iron-based  catalyst  Kinetic  parameters  Nano  particles  Microemulsion  Promoter Résumé : The kinetic of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over nano-structured iron catalyst promoted with Mg, La and Ca, was studied in a continuous spinning basket reactor. Fe/Cu/Si nano-structured catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation in a water-in-oil microemulsion. The results indicated that both the rate constant (k) and the adsorption parameter (b) in a common two-parameter Fischer–Tropsch rate expression decreased with increasing the catalyst surface basicity. Since decreases in rate constant (k) and the adsorption parameter (b) affected the FTS rate in reverse direction, the basicity of catalyst surface showed complicated effects on kinetic parameters of FTS reaction. The optimum promoter would be one that its rate constant (k) should not be too low and its adsorption parameter (b) should not be too high. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000132 [article] Kinetic studies of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over La, Mg and Ca promoted nano-structured iron catalyst [texte imprimé] / Ali Nakhaei Pour, Auteur ; Mohammad Reza Housaindokht, Auteur ; Sayyed Faramarz Tayyari, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 61–68. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 61–68 Mots-clés : Fischer–Tropsch  synthesis  Iron-based  catalyst  Kinetic  parameters  Nano  particles  Microemulsion  Promoter Résumé : The kinetic of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over nano-structured iron catalyst promoted with Mg, La and Ca, was studied in a continuous spinning basket reactor. Fe/Cu/Si nano-structured catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation in a water-in-oil microemulsion. The results indicated that both the rate constant (k) and the adsorption parameter (b) in a common two-parameter Fischer–Tropsch rate expression decreased with increasing the catalyst surface basicity. Since decreases in rate constant (k) and the adsorption parameter (b) affected the FTS rate in reverse direction, the basicity of catalyst surface showed complicated effects on kinetic parameters of FTS reaction. The optimum promoter would be one that its rate constant (k) should not be too low and its adsorption parameter (b) should not be too high. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000132

Numerical investigation of oil-base mud contamination in condensates / Mayank Malik in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 69–78 Titre : Numerical investigation of oil-base mud contamination in condensates : From cleanup to sample quality Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mayank Malik, Auteur ; Birol Dindoruk, Auteur ; Hani Elshahawi, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 69–78 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Oil  base  mud  contamination  Condensates  PVT  and  fluid  properties  Compositional  simulation  Sample  quality  Formation  testers Résumé : Formation Testers are widely used to determine pore pressure, estimate formation permeability, and detect reservoir connectivity through pressure transient testing after the onset of invasion. Mud filtrate invasion takes place in reservoirs penetrated by a well that is hydraulically overbalanced by mud circulation, or due to capillary forces. In water-base muds (WBM), the invading mud is immiscible with respect to the formation hydrocarbons. Therefore, water can be physically separated from the in-situ hydrocarbons leading to the best estimates of the in-situ PVT properties and thereby formation properties. Oil-base muds (OBM) are partially to completely miscible with the reservoir hydrocarbons, and so OBM contamination causes alteration of fluid properties which becomes even more critical for condensates when changes in fluid viscosity, density, and relative permeability occur. Due to the complexity of partial miscibility with gases and gas condensates, limited work has been done to simulate invasion by OBM. The goals of our work were to: 1. Determine conditions to obtain better samples. 2. Quantify the errors in numerical cleaning methods necessary for obtaining in-situ fluid compositions and properties. 3. Investigate the physics of the clean-up process. 4. Investigate the feasibility of tracers for monitoring contamination. Our results show that for condensates and lean gases, quantifying OBM contamination in terms of the live/bulk fluid alone can be misleading. For such fluids, contamination in the stock tank oil is just as critical as that of the bulk fluid because only the former predicts the errors in saturation pressures and CGR numbers observed in laboratory analyses. Lean fluids can take extremely long times to completely clean up during a formation test or even during a well test. For those fluids, it is more essential than ever to clearly define the primary objectives of the sampling program and to decide which answers are most critical. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000260 [article] Numerical investigation of oil-base mud contamination in condensates : From cleanup to sample quality [texte imprimé] / Mayank Malik, Auteur ; Birol Dindoruk, Auteur ; Hani Elshahawi, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 69–78. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 69–78 Mots-clés : Oil  base  mud  contamination  Condensates  PVT  and  fluid  properties  Compositional  simulation  Sample  quality  Formation  testers Résumé : Formation Testers are widely used to determine pore pressure, estimate formation permeability, and detect reservoir connectivity through pressure transient testing after the onset of invasion. Mud filtrate invasion takes place in reservoirs penetrated by a well that is hydraulically overbalanced by mud circulation, or due to capillary forces. In water-base muds (WBM), the invading mud is immiscible with respect to the formation hydrocarbons. Therefore, water can be physically separated from the in-situ hydrocarbons leading to the best estimates of the in-situ PVT properties and thereby formation properties. Oil-base muds (OBM) are partially to completely miscible with the reservoir hydrocarbons, and so OBM contamination causes alteration of fluid properties which becomes even more critical for condensates when changes in fluid viscosity, density, and relative permeability occur. Due to the complexity of partial miscibility with gases and gas condensates, limited work has been done to simulate invasion by OBM. The goals of our work were to: 1. Determine conditions to obtain better samples. 2. Quantify the errors in numerical cleaning methods necessary for obtaining in-situ fluid compositions and properties. 3. Investigate the physics of the clean-up process. 4. Investigate the feasibility of tracers for monitoring contamination. Our results show that for condensates and lean gases, quantifying OBM contamination in terms of the live/bulk fluid alone can be misleading. For such fluids, contamination in the stock tank oil is just as critical as that of the bulk fluid because only the former predicts the errors in saturation pressures and CGR numbers observed in laboratory analyses. Lean fluids can take extremely long times to completely clean up during a formation test or even during a well test. For those fluids, it is more essential than ever to clearly define the primary objectives of the sampling program and to decide which answers are most critical. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000260

Water-gas-shift kinetic over nano-structured iron catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis / Ali Nakhaei Pour in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 79–85 Titre : Water-gas-shift kinetic over nano-structured iron catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ali Nakhaei Pour, Auteur ; Mohammad Reza Housaindokht, Auteur ; Jamshid Zarkesh, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 79–85 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fischer–Tropsch  synthesis  Water-gas-shift  reaction  Iron  catalyst  Kinetics Résumé : Kinetic modeling of the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction over a nano-structured iron catalyst under Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction conditions is investigated. The Fe/Cu/La/Si nano-structured catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation in a water-in-oil microemulsion. A number of Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson type rate equations based on possible reactions sets originated from the formate and direct oxidation mechanisms, are derived. By considering experimental data measured over a wide range of reaction conditions, discrimination between the various rate equations is investigated during this study. WGS rate expressions based on the formate mechanism were found to provide an improved description of the WGS kinetic data. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000272 [article] Water-gas-shift kinetic over nano-structured iron catalyst in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis [texte imprimé] / Ali Nakhaei Pour, Auteur ; Mohammad Reza Housaindokht, Auteur ; Jamshid Zarkesh, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 79–85. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 79–85 Mots-clés : Fischer–Tropsch  synthesis  Water-gas-shift  reaction  Iron  catalyst  Kinetics Résumé : Kinetic modeling of the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction over a nano-structured iron catalyst under Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reaction conditions is investigated. The Fe/Cu/La/Si nano-structured catalyst was prepared by co-precipitation in a water-in-oil microemulsion. A number of Langmuir–Hinshelwood–Hougen–Watson type rate equations based on possible reactions sets originated from the formate and direct oxidation mechanisms, are derived. By considering experimental data measured over a wide range of reaction conditions, discrimination between the various rate equations is investigated during this study. WGS rate expressions based on the formate mechanism were found to provide an improved description of the WGS kinetic data. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000272

Value chain analysis of the natural gas industry / Ruud Weijermars in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 86–104 Titre : Value chain analysis of the natural gas industry : Lessons from the US regulatory success and opportunities for Europe Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ruud Weijermars, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 86–104 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Natural  gas  value  chain  Gas  pricing  Decision-making  Regulation  Energy  policy  Security  of  supply  Rate  making  Portfolio  strategy Résumé : The aim of any value chain & network analysis is to understand the systemic factors and conditions through which a value framework and its firms can achieve higher levels of performance. The upstream oil & gas business is increasingly stimulated for growth by federal legislation (e.g. tax credits unconventional gas plays), while the corporate earnings in the US midstream and downstream energy segments remain strictly regulated and constrained by FERC and state regulators. This study concisely describes the physical and the financial value chains of the US natural gas business in a systemic fashion. The value chains of the natural gas industry are governed and interconnected by a regulatory decision-making framework. Legislation and regulation by the US Congress for the upstream energy value chain traditionally aim to facilitate the development of domestic natural gas fields. Likewise, FERC regulation maximizes access to the midstream gas transmission segment and provisions for fair tariffs for all shippers. State regulators protect the end-consumers in the downstream value chain by providing guidelines and rulings in rate cases. Corporate energy development decisions are critically impacted by such energy policies and regulations. Long-term, mid-term and short-term measures are distinguished based upon the duration of their impact on the performance of the US natural gas market. The present analysis of the physical and financial value chains and the regulatory framework that governs the US natural gas market provides new insights on appropriate policies and regulatory strategies that could improve both the liquidity and security of supply in the European gas market. Strategic and tactical instruments for maximizing returns on investment for regulated energy utilities are also formulated. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000284 [article] Value chain analysis of the natural gas industry : Lessons from the US regulatory success and opportunities for Europe [texte imprimé] / Ruud Weijermars, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 86–104. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 86–104 Mots-clés : Natural  gas  value  chain  Gas  pricing  Decision-making  Regulation  Energy  policy  Security  of  supply  Rate  making  Portfolio  strategy Résumé : The aim of any value chain & network analysis is to understand the systemic factors and conditions through which a value framework and its firms can achieve higher levels of performance. The upstream oil & gas business is increasingly stimulated for growth by federal legislation (e.g. tax credits unconventional gas plays), while the corporate earnings in the US midstream and downstream energy segments remain strictly regulated and constrained by FERC and state regulators. This study concisely describes the physical and the financial value chains of the US natural gas business in a systemic fashion. The value chains of the natural gas industry are governed and interconnected by a regulatory decision-making framework. Legislation and regulation by the US Congress for the upstream energy value chain traditionally aim to facilitate the development of domestic natural gas fields. Likewise, FERC regulation maximizes access to the midstream gas transmission segment and provisions for fair tariffs for all shippers. State regulators protect the end-consumers in the downstream value chain by providing guidelines and rulings in rate cases. Corporate energy development decisions are critically impacted by such energy policies and regulations. Long-term, mid-term and short-term measures are distinguished based upon the duration of their impact on the performance of the US natural gas market. The present analysis of the physical and financial value chains and the regulatory framework that governs the US natural gas market provides new insights on appropriate policies and regulatory strategies that could improve both the liquidity and security of supply in the European gas market. Strategic and tactical instruments for maximizing returns on investment for regulated energy utilities are also formulated. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000284

3D Simulation of bubbling fluidized bed reactors for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming processes / Yuefa Wang in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 105–113 Titre : 3D Simulation of bubbling fluidized bed reactors for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming processes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yuefa Wang, Auteur ; Zhongxi Chao, Auteur ; Hugo A. Jakobsen, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 105–113 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Methane  reforming  Carbon  dioxide  capture  SE-SMR  CaO  sorbent  3D  simulation  Fluidized  bed Résumé : Hydrogen production by the Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR) process was studied with a numerical two-fluid model. The process was simulated in a three dimensional bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The effects of pressure, steam-to-carbon ratio and inlet gas flow rate on the reactions are studied. High pressure and low steam-to-carbon ratio will decrease the conversion of methane. But the high pressure makes the adsorption of CO2 faster. Compared to the standard SMR process, the methane conversion and heat utility are enhanced by CO2 adsorption. The CO2 produced in the methane reforming process is adsorbed almost totally in a relative long period of time in the bubbling fluidized bed. It means that the adsorption rate of CO2 is fast enough compared with the SMR rate. In a certain range of gas flow rates, the mass transfer and reaction kinetics can reach the equilibrium, and the reaction efficiency is independent of gas flow rate. The temperature distribution is almost uniform over the whole reactor. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000302 [article] 3D Simulation of bubbling fluidized bed reactors for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming processes [texte imprimé] / Yuefa Wang, Auteur ; Zhongxi Chao, Auteur ; Hugo A. Jakobsen, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 105–113. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 105–113 Mots-clés : Methane  reforming  Carbon  dioxide  capture  SE-SMR  CaO  sorbent  3D  simulation  Fluidized  bed Résumé : Hydrogen production by the Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR) process was studied with a numerical two-fluid model. The process was simulated in a three dimensional bubbling fluidized bed reactor. The effects of pressure, steam-to-carbon ratio and inlet gas flow rate on the reactions are studied. High pressure and low steam-to-carbon ratio will decrease the conversion of methane. But the high pressure makes the adsorption of CO2 faster. Compared to the standard SMR process, the methane conversion and heat utility are enhanced by CO2 adsorption. The CO2 produced in the methane reforming process is adsorbed almost totally in a relative long period of time in the bubbling fluidized bed. It means that the adsorption rate of CO2 is fast enough compared with the SMR rate. In a certain range of gas flow rates, the mass transfer and reaction kinetics can reach the equilibrium, and the reaction efficiency is independent of gas flow rate. The temperature distribution is almost uniform over the whole reactor. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000302

Aerial high altitude gas pipeline / Alexander A. Bolonkin in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 114–121 Titre : Aerial high altitude gas pipeline Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alexander A. Bolonkin, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 114–121 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gas  pipeline  Aerial  pipeline  Cheap  pipeline  Altitude  pipeline  Inflatable  pipeline Résumé : Design of new cheap aerial pipelines, a large flexible tube deployed at high altitude, for delivery of natural (fuel) gas over a long distance is delineated. The main component of the natural gas is methane, which has a specific weight less than air. The lift force of one cubic meter of methane equals approximately 0.5 kg. The lightweight film flexible pipeline can be located in air at high altitude and, as such, does not damage the environment. This aerial pipeline dramatically decreases the cost and the time of construction relative to conventional pipelines of steel, which saves energy and greatly lowers the capital cost of construction. The article contains a computed project for delivery of 24 billion cubic meters of gas per year. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000296 [article] Aerial high altitude gas pipeline [texte imprimé] / Alexander A. Bolonkin, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 114–121. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 114–121 Mots-clés : Gas  pipeline  Aerial  pipeline  Cheap  pipeline  Altitude  pipeline  Inflatable  pipeline Résumé : Design of new cheap aerial pipelines, a large flexible tube deployed at high altitude, for delivery of natural (fuel) gas over a long distance is delineated. The main component of the natural gas is methane, which has a specific weight less than air. The lift force of one cubic meter of methane equals approximately 0.5 kg. The lightweight film flexible pipeline can be located in air at high altitude and, as such, does not damage the environment. This aerial pipeline dramatically decreases the cost and the time of construction relative to conventional pipelines of steel, which saves energy and greatly lowers the capital cost of construction. The article contains a computed project for delivery of 24 billion cubic meters of gas per year. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000296

Modeling fully transient two-phase flow in the near-wellbore region during liquid loading in gas wells / He Zhang in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 122–131 Titre : Modeling fully transient two-phase flow in the near-wellbore region during liquid loading in gas wells Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : He Zhang, Auteur ; Gioia Falcone, Auteur ; Catalin Teodoriu, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 122–131 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Liquid  loading  Wellbore  phase  redistribution  Transient  backflow  Near-wellbore  region Résumé : In oil and gas field operations, the dynamic interactions between reservoir and wellbore cannot be ignored, especially during transient flow in the near-wellbore region. A particular instance of transient flow in the near-wellbore region is the intermittent response of a reservoir that is typical of liquid loading in gas wells. Despite the high level of attention that the industry has devoted to the alleviation of liquid loading, the fundamental understanding of the associated phenomena is still surprisingly weak. This applies not only to the flows in the wells, but also to the ways in which these flows interact with those in the reservoir. This paper presents the results of a numerical modeling effort using bespoke code written at Texas A&M University, to identify the pressure profile in the near-wellbore region during fully transient flow conditions for a synthetic, low permeability gas reservoir. The results show a “U-shaped” pressure profile along the reservoir radius in the near-wellbore region. The existence of such pressure profile might explain the re-injection of the heavier liquid phase into the reservoir during liquid unloading in gas wells. A comparison of the results with those obtained using a commercial reservoir simulator show the limitations of the latter, which is unable to mimic re-injection of the liquid into the near-wellbore region. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000314 [article] Modeling fully transient two-phase flow in the near-wellbore region during liquid loading in gas wells [texte imprimé] / He Zhang, Auteur ; Gioia Falcone, Auteur ; Catalin Teodoriu, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 122–131. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 122–131 Mots-clés : Liquid  loading  Wellbore  phase  redistribution  Transient  backflow  Near-wellbore  region Résumé : In oil and gas field operations, the dynamic interactions between reservoir and wellbore cannot be ignored, especially during transient flow in the near-wellbore region. A particular instance of transient flow in the near-wellbore region is the intermittent response of a reservoir that is typical of liquid loading in gas wells. Despite the high level of attention that the industry has devoted to the alleviation of liquid loading, the fundamental understanding of the associated phenomena is still surprisingly weak. This applies not only to the flows in the wells, but also to the ways in which these flows interact with those in the reservoir. This paper presents the results of a numerical modeling effort using bespoke code written at Texas A&M University, to identify the pressure profile in the near-wellbore region during fully transient flow conditions for a synthetic, low permeability gas reservoir. The results show a “U-shaped” pressure profile along the reservoir radius in the near-wellbore region. The existence of such pressure profile might explain the re-injection of the heavier liquid phase into the reservoir during liquid unloading in gas wells. A comparison of the results with those obtained using a commercial reservoir simulator show the limitations of the latter, which is unable to mimic re-injection of the liquid into the near-wellbore region. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000314

Generalized inflow performance relationships for horizontal gas wells / M. Tabatabaei in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 132–142 Titre : Generalized inflow performance relationships for horizontal gas wells Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Tabatabaei, Auteur ; D. Zhu, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 132–142 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Horizontal  Gas  well  IPR  Non-Darcy  flow  Anisotropy Résumé : The analytical inflow performance relationships (IPRs) of horizontal gas wells are presented in this paper for different reservoir boundary conditions. Even though reservoir simulation models (numerical models) may give more flexibility and detailed results of oil and gas production, analytical models are commonly used in the field for quick, practical and reasonable estimation of well performance. The analytical models are especially attractive when working on single well design and performance optimization. Similar to vertical well models, the analytical models for horizontal wells are developed for specific conditions. The IPR equations for horizontal gas wells are categorized into three boundary conditions; constant boundary pressure (steady-state flow condition), no-flow boundary (pseudo-steady-state flow condition), infinite acting reservoir (transient flow condition). For each condition, the IPR equations of horizontal gas wells are presented and the limitation and appropriate application are discussed carefully. Moreover, this paper discusses the effect of critical parameters such as permeability anisotropy, wellbore length, non-Darcy flow and near wellbore formation damage on the inflow performance of horizontal gas wells. These equations provide the reservoir and production engineers with an invaluable tool in well structure design, development plan, and their daily practice dealing with horizontal wells. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000338 [article] Generalized inflow performance relationships for horizontal gas wells [texte imprimé] / M. Tabatabaei, Auteur ; D. Zhu, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 132–142. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 132–142 Mots-clés : Horizontal  Gas  well  IPR  Non-Darcy  flow  Anisotropy Résumé : The analytical inflow performance relationships (IPRs) of horizontal gas wells are presented in this paper for different reservoir boundary conditions. Even though reservoir simulation models (numerical models) may give more flexibility and detailed results of oil and gas production, analytical models are commonly used in the field for quick, practical and reasonable estimation of well performance. The analytical models are especially attractive when working on single well design and performance optimization. Similar to vertical well models, the analytical models for horizontal wells are developed for specific conditions. The IPR equations for horizontal gas wells are categorized into three boundary conditions; constant boundary pressure (steady-state flow condition), no-flow boundary (pseudo-steady-state flow condition), infinite acting reservoir (transient flow condition). For each condition, the IPR equations of horizontal gas wells are presented and the limitation and appropriate application are discussed carefully. Moreover, this paper discusses the effect of critical parameters such as permeability anisotropy, wellbore length, non-Darcy flow and near wellbore formation damage on the inflow performance of horizontal gas wells. These equations provide the reservoir and production engineers with an invaluable tool in well structure design, development plan, and their daily practice dealing with horizontal wells. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000338

Development and analysis of a natural gas reliquefaction plant for small gas carriers / P. Nekså in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 143–149 Titre : Development and analysis of a natural gas reliquefaction plant for small gas carriers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : P. Nekså, Auteur ; E. Brendeng, Auteur ; M. Drescher, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 143–149 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : LNG  Process  development  Reliquefaction  Gas  carriers  Small  scale  Exergy  analysis Résumé : A small-scale reliquefaction plant for natural gas boil-off gas from gas tankers has been developed, analysed and experimentally tested in laboratory and in full-scale. The reliquefaction plant is installed onboard a 10 000 m3 gas carrier intended for transport of LNG between export and receiving terminals, initially in Scandinavia and in the Baltic Sea. Typical production capacity of a full-scale plant is 20 tonnes of LNG per day. Standard refrigeration components, easily available as off the shelf products, are used in the system design. Copper brazed plate heat exchangers are among the key components. The combination of using a lubricant injected screw compressor and a mixed component refrigerant contributes to achieve relatively high energy efficiency. The gas carrier is also designed to carry other gases such as ethylene, LPG and VCM, and is therefore equipped with a newly developed ordinary cascade refrigeration plant. When the vessel is in LNG service the capacity of the cascade plant is used for precooling of LNG boil-off as well as for precooling of the mixed component refrigerant. A theoretical analysis of the plant shows a specific power consumption of 0.49 kWh/kg LNG, corresponding to an exergy efficiency of 34%. The specific suction volume is 1.8 m3/kg LNG with the current mixed refrigerant composition. The loss analysis shows several possible improvement possibilities. Successful full-scale tests have been performed, verifying the liquefaction capacity and operation of the plant. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000326 [article] Development and analysis of a natural gas reliquefaction plant for small gas carriers [texte imprimé] / P. Nekså, Auteur ; E. Brendeng, Auteur ; M. Drescher, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 143–149. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 2-3 (Juillet 2010) . - pp. 143–149 Mots-clés : LNG  Process  development  Reliquefaction  Gas  carriers  Small  scale  Exergy  analysis Résumé : A small-scale reliquefaction plant for natural gas boil-off gas from gas tankers has been developed, analysed and experimentally tested in laboratory and in full-scale. The reliquefaction plant is installed onboard a 10 000 m3 gas carrier intended for transport of LNG between export and receiving terminals, initially in Scandinavia and in the Baltic Sea. Typical production capacity of a full-scale plant is 20 tonnes of LNG per day. Standard refrigeration components, easily available as off the shelf products, are used in the system design. Copper brazed plate heat exchangers are among the key components. The combination of using a lubricant injected screw compressor and a mixed component refrigerant contributes to achieve relatively high energy efficiency. The gas carrier is also designed to carry other gases such as ethylene, LPG and VCM, and is therefore equipped with a newly developed ordinary cascade refrigeration plant. When the vessel is in LNG service the capacity of the cascade plant is used for precooling of LNG boil-off as well as for precooling of the mixed component refrigerant. A theoretical analysis of the plant shows a specific power consumption of 0.49 kWh/kg LNG, corresponding to an exergy efficiency of 34%. The specific suction volume is 1.8 m3/kg LNG with the current mixed refrigerant composition. The loss analysis shows several possible improvement possibilities. Successful full-scale tests have been performed, verifying the liquefaction capacity and operation of the plant. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000326

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