Dépouillements

Dynamic simulation of Ledinegg instability / L.C. Ruspini in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 211–216 Titre : Dynamic simulation of Ledinegg instability Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : L.C. Ruspini, Auteur ; C. A. Dorao, Auteur ; M. Fernandino, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 211–216 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ledinegg instability Transient simulation Two-phase flows Thermal-hydraulic instabilities Adaptive method Résumé : Ledinegg flow excursion could produce severe damage in thermal-hydraulic components due to fast changes in the main thermodynamic variables. In this work, we study this phenomenon simulating the transient behavior of the system during these excursive transitions. We also study how the dynamic delays modify the pressure drop vs. flow characteristic curve. Numerical aspects related to the application of an adaptive high-order method to the resolution of these complex thermal-hydraulic problems are discussed. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000661 [article] Dynamic simulation of Ledinegg instability [texte imprimé] / L.C. Ruspini, Auteur ; C. A. Dorao, Auteur ; M. Fernandino, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 211–216. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 211–216 Mots-clés : Ledinegg instability Transient simulation Two-phase flows Thermal-hydraulic instabilities Adaptive method Résumé : Ledinegg flow excursion could produce severe damage in thermal-hydraulic components due to fast changes in the main thermodynamic variables. In this work, we study this phenomenon simulating the transient behavior of the system during these excursive transitions. We also study how the dynamic delays modify the pressure drop vs. flow characteristic curve. Numerical aspects related to the application of an adaptive high-order method to the resolution of these complex thermal-hydraulic problems are discussed. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000661

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Energy and exergy analyses of urban waste incineration cycle coupled with a cycle of changing LNG to pipeline gas / Mosa Meratizaman in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 217–221 Titre : Energy and exergy analyses of urban waste incineration cycle coupled with a cycle of changing LNG to pipeline gas Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mosa Meratizaman, Auteur ; Majid Amidpour, Auteur ; S. Ali Jazayeri, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 217–221 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Garbage incineration system Water-ammonia power cycle Exergy analysis LNG Terminal Regasifier Résumé : Garbage incineration systems are originally designed solely for the purpose of disposing urban waste. Today however, besides environmental issues, taking advantages of the heating value of fuels is also a subject of attention (Ogawa, 1998). Nowadays the schemes which are characterized by best using of energy resources are the only ones which are economically justified. Thus, cogeneration systems have been developed for the better usage of energy resources. In the present case study, a waste incineration system is coupled with a power cycle. The power cycle uses hot gases produced from combustion of waste material. Cooling energy of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is used to cool the operating fluid in the power cycle (Miyazaki et al., 1998). In this paper, the increased power of the cycle resulting from the addition of pipeline gas to the waste incineration system is studied. At the same time, the amount of pipeline gas produced from LNG is studied as well. A detail Exergy and energy analyses is used in this study. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000685 [article] Energy and exergy analyses of urban waste incineration cycle coupled with a cycle of changing LNG to pipeline gas [texte imprimé] / Mosa Meratizaman, Auteur ; Majid Amidpour, Auteur ; S. Ali Jazayeri, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 217–221. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 217–221 Mots-clés : Garbage incineration system Water-ammonia power cycle Exergy analysis LNG Terminal Regasifier Résumé : Garbage incineration systems are originally designed solely for the purpose of disposing urban waste. Today however, besides environmental issues, taking advantages of the heating value of fuels is also a subject of attention (Ogawa, 1998). Nowadays the schemes which are characterized by best using of energy resources are the only ones which are economically justified. Thus, cogeneration systems have been developed for the better usage of energy resources. In the present case study, a waste incineration system is coupled with a power cycle. The power cycle uses hot gases produced from combustion of waste material. Cooling energy of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is used to cool the operating fluid in the power cycle (Miyazaki et al., 1998). In this paper, the increased power of the cycle resulting from the addition of pipeline gas to the waste incineration system is studied. At the same time, the amount of pipeline gas produced from LNG is studied as well. A detail Exergy and energy analyses is used in this study. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000685

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Gas to liquids / Jorge A. Velasco in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 222–228 Titre : Gas to liquids : A technology for natural gas industrialization in Bolivia Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jorge A. Velasco, Auteur ; Luis Lopez, Auteur ; Miguel Velásquez, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 222–228 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bolivian natural gas Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Synthesis Gas Fischer–Tropsch Hydrocracking Résumé : Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology converts natural gas, through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, into liquid and ultra-clean hydrocarbons such as light oils, kerosene, naphtha, diesel, and wax. Bolivia has natural gas reserves that reach 48.7 trillion cubic feet and produces nearly 40.0 million cubic meters per day, from which, around 88% are exported to Brazil and Argentina. In spite of these considerable amounts of natural gas reserves and production, the country experiences a shortage of diesel which cannot be solved using conventional refining processes due the light nature of its crude oil. Thus, the GTL process seems to be a promising solution for Bolivia’s diesel problems, at the same time that its natural gas reserves could be monetized. Although GTL can be considered as a well proven and developed technology, there are several aspects along the main processing steps (synthesis gas generation, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and product upgrading) to be considered at the time of implementing a GTL plant. The aim of this paper is to give an overall view of some relevant issues related to Gas-to-Liquids technology as an option for natural gas industrialization in Bolivia, and also to provide a landscape of Bolivian natural gas industry. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000739 [article] Gas to liquids : A technology for natural gas industrialization in Bolivia [texte imprimé] / Jorge A. Velasco, Auteur ; Luis Lopez, Auteur ; Miguel Velásquez, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 222–228. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 222–228 Mots-clés : Bolivian natural gas Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) Synthesis Gas Fischer–Tropsch Hydrocracking Résumé : Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology converts natural gas, through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, into liquid and ultra-clean hydrocarbons such as light oils, kerosene, naphtha, diesel, and wax. Bolivia has natural gas reserves that reach 48.7 trillion cubic feet and produces nearly 40.0 million cubic meters per day, from which, around 88% are exported to Brazil and Argentina. In spite of these considerable amounts of natural gas reserves and production, the country experiences a shortage of diesel which cannot be solved using conventional refining processes due the light nature of its crude oil. Thus, the GTL process seems to be a promising solution for Bolivia’s diesel problems, at the same time that its natural gas reserves could be monetized. Although GTL can be considered as a well proven and developed technology, there are several aspects along the main processing steps (synthesis gas generation, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, and product upgrading) to be considered at the time of implementing a GTL plant. The aim of this paper is to give an overall view of some relevant issues related to Gas-to-Liquids technology as an option for natural gas industrialization in Bolivia, and also to provide a landscape of Bolivian natural gas industry. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000739

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Electrochemical hydrogen separation and compression using polybenzimidazole (PBI) fuel cell technology / Magnus Thomassen in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 229–234 Titre : Electrochemical hydrogen separation and compression using polybenzimidazole (PBI) fuel cell technology Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Magnus Thomassen, Auteur ; Edel Sheridan, Auteur ; Jannicke Kvello, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 229–234 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Hydrogen pump Separation and compression Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) Phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) Résumé : Simultaneous hydrogen separation and compression using high-temperature (>100 °C) PEM fuel cell technology (PBI) was demonstrated for pure hydrogen, nitrogen/hydrogen mixtures and reformate feed gas mixtures containing various amounts of CO, CO2 and CH4. Gas purity measurements of the separated gas were performed and significant reductions in impurities were achieved. The effects of hydrogen concentration, inlet gas humidification, operating temperature and air bleed on the cell performance were studied and hydrogen diffusion through the polybenzimidazole membrane was measured. The hydrogen separation required relatively low energy consumption and demonstrated good dynamic response. Simultaneous separation and compression of hydrogen up to 0.65 barg was demonstrated. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000740 [article] Electrochemical hydrogen separation and compression using polybenzimidazole (PBI) fuel cell technology [texte imprimé] / Magnus Thomassen, Auteur ; Edel Sheridan, Auteur ; Jannicke Kvello, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 229–234. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 229–234 Mots-clés : Hydrogen pump Separation and compression Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) Phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) Résumé : Simultaneous hydrogen separation and compression using high-temperature (>100 °C) PEM fuel cell technology (PBI) was demonstrated for pure hydrogen, nitrogen/hydrogen mixtures and reformate feed gas mixtures containing various amounts of CO, CO2 and CH4. Gas purity measurements of the separated gas were performed and significant reductions in impurities were achieved. The effects of hydrogen concentration, inlet gas humidification, operating temperature and air bleed on the cell performance were studied and hydrogen diffusion through the polybenzimidazole membrane was measured. The hydrogen separation required relatively low energy consumption and demonstrated good dynamic response. Simultaneous separation and compression of hydrogen up to 0.65 barg was demonstrated. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000740

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Use of sophisticated heat exchanger simulation models for investigation of possible design and operational pitfalls in LNG processes / G. Skaugen in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 235–243 Titre : Use of sophisticated heat exchanger simulation models for investigation of possible design and operational pitfalls in LNG processes Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : G. Skaugen, Auteur ; G.A. Gjøvåg, Auteur ; P. Nekså, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 235–243 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : LNG Process optimization Heat exchanger design Static instability Ledinegg Résumé : The simulation rating programs S-FIN for PFHE and S-PLATE for PHE have been developed at SINTEF Energy Research. These tools can be incorporated in process simulation environments like PRO/II and Aspen HYSYS®, and thus be used as an integrated part when doing process energy simulation and optimization. Static flow instabilities that can occur in heat exchangers used in cryogenic services are discussed. Examples on how to perform, and how to interpret, a Ledinegg instability analysis, are shown using the developed programs. With the well-known single mixed refrigerant process as a case study, a thermally valid plate-fin heat exchanger was designed that was subjected to Ledinegg instability. Remedies to avoid this and the effect on the process energy consumption are discussed. For the selected case, the compressor power increased by 14% going from an unstable to a stable design/operation. The examples show that detailed heat exchanger simulations should be performed as a part of process optimization. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000752 [article] Use of sophisticated heat exchanger simulation models for investigation of possible design and operational pitfalls in LNG processes [texte imprimé] / G. Skaugen, Auteur ; G.A. Gjøvåg, Auteur ; P. Nekså, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 235–243. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 235–243 Mots-clés : LNG Process optimization Heat exchanger design Static instability Ledinegg Résumé : The simulation rating programs S-FIN for PFHE and S-PLATE for PHE have been developed at SINTEF Energy Research. These tools can be incorporated in process simulation environments like PRO/II and Aspen HYSYS®, and thus be used as an integrated part when doing process energy simulation and optimization. Static flow instabilities that can occur in heat exchangers used in cryogenic services are discussed. Examples on how to perform, and how to interpret, a Ledinegg instability analysis, are shown using the developed programs. With the well-known single mixed refrigerant process as a case study, a thermally valid plate-fin heat exchanger was designed that was subjected to Ledinegg instability. Remedies to avoid this and the effect on the process energy consumption are discussed. For the selected case, the compressor power increased by 14% going from an unstable to a stable design/operation. The examples show that detailed heat exchanger simulations should be performed as a part of process optimization. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000752

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LPG characterization and production quantification for oil and gas reservoirs / Baosheng Liang in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 244–252 Titre : LPG characterization and production quantification for oil and gas reservoirs Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Baosheng Liang, Auteur ; Sriram Balasubramanian, Auteur ; Ben Wang, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 244–252 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : LPG characterization LPG-produced GOR correlation curve yield in gas cap and solution place production quantification Reservoir simulation Résumé : Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) refers to the gas extracted and liquefied from the separator gas in a processing plant and mainly consists of propane (C3) and butane (C4). Many offshore projects have restrictions on flaring gases and special fiscal terms make extracted liquids significantly more valuable than oil and condensate in some cases, which in turn impact the economics of many projects. This paper for the first time systematically investigates LPG characterization and production quantification coupled together with reservoir simulation. Detailed calculations of LPG yields from both gas cap and solution gas are given. LPG yield of fluid is a function of the initial gas–oil ratio (GOR), gas specific gravity, and separator condition: LPG yield, which is lower in the gas cap compared to the solution gas of the same reservoir, has a good correlation with gas specific gravity and is impacted by separator conditions. The concept of LPG-produced GOR correlation curve is introduced and applied together with gas production rate to predict LPG production. Correlation curves depend on reservoir fluid properties and development strategies. Generated from flashing the mixtures of different proportions of oil and gas samples, LPG-produced GOR correlation curve has a good agreement with the results from reservoir compositional simulation and can be coupled with various forecasting tools in reservoir engineering. Lean gas injection has an insignificant impact on LPG recovery but can substantially improve the recovery of total liquid (oil and condensate). The paper also shows that lumping C3 and C4 as one pseudocomponent is suitable. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187551001000065X [article] LPG characterization and production quantification for oil and gas reservoirs [texte imprimé] / Baosheng Liang, Auteur ; Sriram Balasubramanian, Auteur ; Ben Wang, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 244–252. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 244–252 Mots-clés : LPG characterization LPG-produced GOR correlation curve yield in gas cap and solution place production quantification Reservoir simulation Résumé : Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) refers to the gas extracted and liquefied from the separator gas in a processing plant and mainly consists of propane (C3) and butane (C4). Many offshore projects have restrictions on flaring gases and special fiscal terms make extracted liquids significantly more valuable than oil and condensate in some cases, which in turn impact the economics of many projects. This paper for the first time systematically investigates LPG characterization and production quantification coupled together with reservoir simulation. Detailed calculations of LPG yields from both gas cap and solution gas are given. LPG yield of fluid is a function of the initial gas–oil ratio (GOR), gas specific gravity, and separator condition: LPG yield, which is lower in the gas cap compared to the solution gas of the same reservoir, has a good correlation with gas specific gravity and is impacted by separator conditions. The concept of LPG-produced GOR correlation curve is introduced and applied together with gas production rate to predict LPG production. Correlation curves depend on reservoir fluid properties and development strategies. Generated from flashing the mixtures of different proportions of oil and gas samples, LPG-produced GOR correlation curve has a good agreement with the results from reservoir compositional simulation and can be coupled with various forecasting tools in reservoir engineering. Lean gas injection has an insignificant impact on LPG recovery but can substantially improve the recovery of total liquid (oil and condensate). The paper also shows that lumping C3 and C4 as one pseudocomponent is suitable. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187551001000065X

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Solution of a Cattaneo-Maxwell diffusion model using a Spectral element least-squares method / A. R. Carella in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 253–258 Titre : Solution of a Cattaneo-Maxwell diffusion model using a Spectral element least-squares method Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. R. Carella, Auteur ; C. A. Dorao, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 253–258 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Hyperbolic diffusion equation Finite element Cattaneo-Maxwell Least squares method Résumé : Fluidized bed reactors are widely used in gas processing facilities due to their superior heat and mass transfer characteristics. Reaction rates in these reactors depend on the diffusion of species into the catalytic particles. A more accurate description of diffusion than Fick’s law provides is required for the optimization of the design of these reactors. In this work, a Least Squares Finite Element framework was implemented in order to solve the evolution of the concentration profile predicted by Cattaneo-Maxwell’s law inside a catalytic pellet. Fick’s and Cattaneo-Maxwell’s models were compared, being the obtained predictions significantly different for time scales similar to the relaxation time but converging asymptotically for larger time scales. Time-marching and full-domain numerical approaches were compared. The convenience of the time-marching approach was verified, since this approach yields the same accuracy with less computational cost. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000648 [article] Solution of a Cattaneo-Maxwell diffusion model using a Spectral element least-squares method [texte imprimé] / A. R. Carella, Auteur ; C. A. Dorao, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 253–258. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 253–258 Mots-clés : Hyperbolic diffusion equation Finite element Cattaneo-Maxwell Least squares method Résumé : Fluidized bed reactors are widely used in gas processing facilities due to their superior heat and mass transfer characteristics. Reaction rates in these reactors depend on the diffusion of species into the catalytic particles. A more accurate description of diffusion than Fick’s law provides is required for the optimization of the design of these reactors. In this work, a Least Squares Finite Element framework was implemented in order to solve the evolution of the concentration profile predicted by Cattaneo-Maxwell’s law inside a catalytic pellet. Fick’s and Cattaneo-Maxwell’s models were compared, being the obtained predictions significantly different for time scales similar to the relaxation time but converging asymptotically for larger time scales. Time-marching and full-domain numerical approaches were compared. The convenience of the time-marching approach was verified, since this approach yields the same accuracy with less computational cost. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000648

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An experimental method for studying the discrete droplet impact phenomena in a flammable gas environment / He Zhao in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 259–269 Titre : An experimental method for studying the discrete droplet impact phenomena in a flammable gas environment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : He Zhao, Auteur ; Amy Brunsvold, Auteur ; Svend T. Munkejord, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 259–269 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Multiphase flow LNG refrigerants Droplet impact Liquid pool Flammable gas Résumé : To improve the initial design as well as to gain insight into operational issues of heat exchangers and other process equipment involving complex two-phase flow phenomena, one can choose to conduct full-scale tests. Another possibility, which we consider here, is to gain better and more detailed knowledge of the relevant two-phase flow phenomena, both by numerical and experimental studies. This article presents an experimental method for studying the droplet–pool impact phenomena in a flammable gas environment by using high-speed photography. The design of the test cell enables the integration of different parts which are responsible for phenomena generation, temperature and pressure measurements, and the cell can be operated in the gas-tight condition. In order to discretize the impact phenomena, the high impact frequency is reduced through a special design of an electrical “shutter”. Targeted safety measures are employed in the experiment. Two regimes of n-pentane droplets impacting with a deep pool of the same fluid are identified. Experiments have also been conducted with distilled water and air, for reference. It is found that the flow of n-pentane is more agitated than that of distilled water, and that in a similar diameter range, the transition from coalescence to jetting of n-pentane occurs at a lower velocity level than for water. The main reason for this more agitated flow condition is the low viscosity and surface tension of n-pentane. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000521 [article] An experimental method for studying the discrete droplet impact phenomena in a flammable gas environment [texte imprimé] / He Zhao, Auteur ; Amy Brunsvold, Auteur ; Svend T. Munkejord, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 259–269. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 259–269 Mots-clés : Multiphase flow LNG refrigerants Droplet impact Liquid pool Flammable gas Résumé : To improve the initial design as well as to gain insight into operational issues of heat exchangers and other process equipment involving complex two-phase flow phenomena, one can choose to conduct full-scale tests. Another possibility, which we consider here, is to gain better and more detailed knowledge of the relevant two-phase flow phenomena, both by numerical and experimental studies. This article presents an experimental method for studying the droplet–pool impact phenomena in a flammable gas environment by using high-speed photography. The design of the test cell enables the integration of different parts which are responsible for phenomena generation, temperature and pressure measurements, and the cell can be operated in the gas-tight condition. In order to discretize the impact phenomena, the high impact frequency is reduced through a special design of an electrical “shutter”. Targeted safety measures are employed in the experiment. Two regimes of n-pentane droplets impacting with a deep pool of the same fluid are identified. Experiments have also been conducted with distilled water and air, for reference. It is found that the flow of n-pentane is more agitated than that of distilled water, and that in a similar diameter range, the transition from coalescence to jetting of n-pentane occurs at a lower velocity level than for water. The main reason for this more agitated flow condition is the low viscosity and surface tension of n-pentane. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000521

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Kinetics investigation of direct natural gas conversion by oxidative coupling of methane / Ali Farsi in Journal of natural gas science and engineering, Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp.270–274 Titre : Kinetics investigation of direct natural gas conversion by oxidative coupling of methane Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ali Farsi, Auteur ; Ali Moradi, Auteur ; Sattar Ghader, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp.270–274 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Natural gas Oxidative coupling of methane Kinetics Résumé : Since 1982 there has been much research on the Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process. The main obstacle for converting methane directly to more valuable products by heterogeneous catalysis is the low selectivity at high conversions; the products are more reactive than methane. The main goal of this work is to study the kinetics of OCM reaction and classifies them. We find that with considering almost all reaction steps of the other models, reaction network of Stanch et al. has the best accuracy in comparison with the other models. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000727 [article] Kinetics investigation of direct natural gas conversion by oxidative coupling of methane [texte imprimé] / Ali Farsi, Auteur ; Ali Moradi, Auteur ; Sattar Ghader, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp.270–274. Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of natural gas science and engineering > Vol. 2 N° 5 (Novembre 2010) . - pp.270–274 Mots-clés : Natural gas Oxidative coupling of methane Kinetics Résumé : Since 1982 there has been much research on the Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process. The main obstacle for converting methane directly to more valuable products by heterogeneous catalysis is the low selectivity at high conversions; the products are more reactive than methane. The main goal of this work is to study the kinetics of OCM reaction and classifies them. We find that with considering almost all reaction steps of the other models, reaction network of Stanch et al. has the best accuracy in comparison with the other models. ISSN : 1875-5100 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875510010000727

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