Dépouillements

Formalization of water allocation systems and impacts on local practices in the Hingilili sub-catchment, Tanzania / Hans C. Komakech in JRBM : International journal of river basin management, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 213-227 Titre : Formalization of water allocation systems and impacts on local practices in the Hingilili sub-catchment, Tanzania Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hans C. Komakech, Auteur ; Pieter Van der Zaag, Auteur ; Marloes L. Mul, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 213-227 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Bricolage  Property  right  Water  allocation  Cooperation  Conflicts  Canal  irrigation Résumé : Water scarcity caused by increased demands often leads to competition and conflict over water in many river catchments in Sub-Saharan Africa. At the local level, water users have in many places been able to solve water allocation problems by crafting institutions based on customs and traditions. These self-governing arrangements are not necessarily fair or good, but are able to adapt to the changing resource context. Simultaneously, many African governments have adopted new policies and laws, and established new institutions to achieve equitable and sustainable management of water resources. The formalization of the property right to water is often part of the recipe. This paper analyses the impact of one such government-led formalization process on local water allocation practices. Based on a field study in the Hingilili sub-catchment, Tanzania, we find that government interventions do not achieve the goal of equitable and sustainable water management. However, we find that the principle of good neighbourhood that still exists between the highland and lowland farmers in Hingilili could form a base to reconcile diverging water interests between the highland and lowland farmers. The paper shows that the concept of bricolage [Cleaver, F., 2002. Reinventing institutions: bricolage and the social embeddedness of natural resource management. The European Journal of Development Research, 14 (2), 11–30] is useful to demonstrate the need for new institutions to be sufficiently embedded in existing local practices to succeed, but this is not a sufficient condition. The hydraulic position of the various actors (upstream or downstream) must also be taken into account, and may be considered a driver for institutional innovation. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.664774 [article] Formalization of water allocation systems and impacts on local practices in the Hingilili sub-catchment, Tanzania [texte imprimé] / Hans C. Komakech, Auteur ; Pieter Van der Zaag, Auteur ; Marloes L. Mul, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 213-227. Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 213-227 Mots-clés : Bricolage  Property  right  Water  allocation  Cooperation  Conflicts  Canal  irrigation Résumé : Water scarcity caused by increased demands often leads to competition and conflict over water in many river catchments in Sub-Saharan Africa. At the local level, water users have in many places been able to solve water allocation problems by crafting institutions based on customs and traditions. These self-governing arrangements are not necessarily fair or good, but are able to adapt to the changing resource context. Simultaneously, many African governments have adopted new policies and laws, and established new institutions to achieve equitable and sustainable management of water resources. The formalization of the property right to water is often part of the recipe. This paper analyses the impact of one such government-led formalization process on local water allocation practices. Based on a field study in the Hingilili sub-catchment, Tanzania, we find that government interventions do not achieve the goal of equitable and sustainable water management. However, we find that the principle of good neighbourhood that still exists between the highland and lowland farmers in Hingilili could form a base to reconcile diverging water interests between the highland and lowland farmers. The paper shows that the concept of bricolage [Cleaver, F., 2002. Reinventing institutions: bricolage and the social embeddedness of natural resource management. The European Journal of Development Research, 14 (2), 11–30] is useful to demonstrate the need for new institutions to be sufficiently embedded in existing local practices to succeed, but this is not a sufficient condition. The hydraulic position of the various actors (upstream or downstream) must also be taken into account, and may be considered a driver for institutional innovation. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.664774

Governing environmental change in international river basins / Sabine Schulze in JRBM : International journal of river basin management, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 229-244 Titre : Governing environmental change in international river basins : The role of river basin organizations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sabine Schulze, Auteur ; Susanne Schmeier, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 229-244 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Water  resources  management  Environmental  and  social  change  Adaptation  Institutions  River  basin  organizations  Mekong  Okavango Résumé : Environmental change such as variability in water availability, extreme events like floods and droughts, or water pollution pose a serious challenge to the effective management of internationally shared water resources. River basin organizations (RBOs) play an important role in addressing such challenges, developing responses and building resilience. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of RBOs to respond to changes by identifying institutional mechanisms and management practices that have been established by the respective institutions to react to transformations in the basins’ environment. Drawing on the literature of neo-institutionalism and hydropolitics, an analytical framework is developed that includes the following potential determinants for adaptive capacity: membership structure, functional scope, decision-making mechanisms, data and information sharing, dispute-resolution mechanisms, finances and donor support. Subsequently, the framework is applied to two case studies, the Okavango and the Mekong Basin. It is found that the inclusion of adaptation mechanisms contributes to ensuring river basins’ resilience to environmental change while the lack of RBO-internal adaptation mechanisms can hamper resilience and threaten sustainable development. Among these, the membership structure, functional scope as well as data and information-sharing mechanisms are particularly important for building the basis for long-term resilience to change. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.664820 [article] Governing environmental change in international river basins : The role of river basin organizations [texte imprimé] / Sabine Schulze, Auteur ; Susanne Schmeier, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 229-244. Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 229-244 Mots-clés : Water  resources  management  Environmental  and  social  change  Adaptation  Institutions  River  basin  organizations  Mekong  Okavango Résumé : Environmental change such as variability in water availability, extreme events like floods and droughts, or water pollution pose a serious challenge to the effective management of internationally shared water resources. River basin organizations (RBOs) play an important role in addressing such challenges, developing responses and building resilience. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of RBOs to respond to changes by identifying institutional mechanisms and management practices that have been established by the respective institutions to react to transformations in the basins’ environment. Drawing on the literature of neo-institutionalism and hydropolitics, an analytical framework is developed that includes the following potential determinants for adaptive capacity: membership structure, functional scope, decision-making mechanisms, data and information sharing, dispute-resolution mechanisms, finances and donor support. Subsequently, the framework is applied to two case studies, the Okavango and the Mekong Basin. It is found that the inclusion of adaptation mechanisms contributes to ensuring river basins’ resilience to environmental change while the lack of RBO-internal adaptation mechanisms can hamper resilience and threaten sustainable development. Among these, the membership structure, functional scope as well as data and information-sharing mechanisms are particularly important for building the basis for long-term resilience to change. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.664820

Simulation of runoff for the black volta basin using satellite observation data / Salamatu Shaibu in JRBM : International journal of river basin management, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 245-254 Titre : Simulation of runoff for the black volta basin using satellite observation data Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Salamatu Shaibu, Auteur ; Nii Odai, Samuel, Auteur ; Kwaku Amaning Adjei, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 245-254 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Black  Volta  Basin  TRMM-based  rainfall  Rainfall-runoff  simulation  Satellite  observation  science Résumé : Daily tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM)-based rainfall and Landsat-derived land-cover maps were used to retrospectively simulate runoff for the Black Volta Basin. This was to ascertain the usefulness of the increasingly available satellite observation data to augment ground-measured hydrometeorological data for unguaged basins or basins with inadequate data. Both visual and statistical comparison of TRMM-based rainfall with the gauged rainfall indicates that the monthly rainfall data are statistically comparable. Seasonal upward adjustment of the monthly TRMM-based rainfall improved the rainfall correlation giving a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency of the simulated runoff of 89.5%. Thus, monthly TRMM-based rainfall estimate can be used to augment existing ground-measured rainfall data and together with Landsat-derived land-cover maps be used to estimate runoff for unguaged basins in the West African sub-region. The study is useful for Sub-Saharan Africa, where sustainable water management is sometimes hampered due to the absence of reliable and consistent data. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.679735 [article] Simulation of runoff for the black volta basin using satellite observation data [texte imprimé] / Salamatu Shaibu, Auteur ; Nii Odai, Samuel, Auteur ; Kwaku Amaning Adjei, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 245-254. Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 245-254 Mots-clés : Black  Volta  Basin  TRMM-based  rainfall  Rainfall-runoff  simulation  Satellite  observation  science Résumé : Daily tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM)-based rainfall and Landsat-derived land-cover maps were used to retrospectively simulate runoff for the Black Volta Basin. This was to ascertain the usefulness of the increasingly available satellite observation data to augment ground-measured hydrometeorological data for unguaged basins or basins with inadequate data. Both visual and statistical comparison of TRMM-based rainfall with the gauged rainfall indicates that the monthly rainfall data are statistically comparable. Seasonal upward adjustment of the monthly TRMM-based rainfall improved the rainfall correlation giving a Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency of the simulated runoff of 89.5%. Thus, monthly TRMM-based rainfall estimate can be used to augment existing ground-measured rainfall data and together with Landsat-derived land-cover maps be used to estimate runoff for unguaged basins in the West African sub-region. The study is useful for Sub-Saharan Africa, where sustainable water management is sometimes hampered due to the absence of reliable and consistent data. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.679735

Index of medium-class flood disturbance for increasing diversity of vegetation area at gravel bars or islands in middle of rivers / Norio Tanaka in JRBM : International journal of river basin management, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 255-267 Titre : Index of medium-class flood disturbance for increasing diversity of vegetation area at gravel bars or islands in middle of rivers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Norio Tanaka, Auteur ; Junji Yagisawa, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 255-267 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Flood  disturbance  Biodiversity  Moment  by  drag  force  Shear  stress  Gravel-bed  river Résumé : To elucidate the relationship between biodiversity on gravel islands in a river and flood disturbance characteristics, wash-out conditions of trees and perennial grasses and breaking conditions of trees were analysed and the applicability of these indices was investigated. Two indexes are defined to express breaking and wash-out conditions of trees, breaking or overturning index (BOI) and wash-out index (WOI), respectively, and one index, WOI50, is used to express the removal condition of annual grasses. Using WOI, WOI50, and BOI, this study classified the habitats on gravel islands into five regions. The relationship between the diversity of vegetation area calculated by the vegetation species map in this study, and the flood disturbance index, a kind of probability expectation value of area for each region integrated from 2- to 40-year return periods of floods disturbance, was analysed on six gravel islands in the Arakawa and Tamagawa rivers. Within the five regions (Regions A–E), important trends were found for three regions. The diversity of vegetated areas in the gravel river habitat increased with increasing I d, the flood disturbance index in Region D, which expresses a flood disturbance that can break trees and move medium-size gravel. However, the diversity index has peak values for I a and I e, the flood disturbance indices in Regions A and E, respectively, where I a can express the immobility of gravels and lack of damage to trees and I e can express the mobility of large-size gravel and the wash-out condition of vegetation. The indices I a and I e may describe a medium-class disturbance to the habitat on gravel islands in the middle of a river. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.681661 [article] Index of medium-class flood disturbance for increasing diversity of vegetation area at gravel bars or islands in middle of rivers [texte imprimé] / Norio Tanaka, Auteur ; Junji Yagisawa, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 255-267. Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 255-267 Mots-clés : Flood  disturbance  Biodiversity  Moment  by  drag  force  Shear  stress  Gravel-bed  river Résumé : To elucidate the relationship between biodiversity on gravel islands in a river and flood disturbance characteristics, wash-out conditions of trees and perennial grasses and breaking conditions of trees were analysed and the applicability of these indices was investigated. Two indexes are defined to express breaking and wash-out conditions of trees, breaking or overturning index (BOI) and wash-out index (WOI), respectively, and one index, WOI50, is used to express the removal condition of annual grasses. Using WOI, WOI50, and BOI, this study classified the habitats on gravel islands into five regions. The relationship between the diversity of vegetation area calculated by the vegetation species map in this study, and the flood disturbance index, a kind of probability expectation value of area for each region integrated from 2- to 40-year return periods of floods disturbance, was analysed on six gravel islands in the Arakawa and Tamagawa rivers. Within the five regions (Regions A–E), important trends were found for three regions. The diversity of vegetated areas in the gravel river habitat increased with increasing I d, the flood disturbance index in Region D, which expresses a flood disturbance that can break trees and move medium-size gravel. However, the diversity index has peak values for I a and I e, the flood disturbance indices in Regions A and E, respectively, where I a can express the immobility of gravels and lack of damage to trees and I e can express the mobility of large-size gravel and the wash-out condition of vegetation. The indices I a and I e may describe a medium-class disturbance to the habitat on gravel islands in the middle of a river. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.681661

Characteristics of damage due to tsunami propagation in river channels and overflow of their embankments in great east Japan earthquake / Norio Tanaka in JRBM : International journal of river basin management, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 269-279 Titre : Characteristics of damage due to tsunami propagation in river channels and overflow of their embankments in great east Japan earthquake Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Norio Tanaka, Auteur ; Junji Yagisawa, Auteur ; Satoshi Yasuda, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 269-279 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Tsunami  propagation  in  river  channels  Overtopping  flow  Meandering  of  river  channel  Great  east  Japan  earthquake Résumé : The tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, with a magnitude of 9.0, broke most of the sea embankment and coastal vegetation belt and caused catastrophic damage to people and buildings in the Tohoku and Kanto regions of Japan. A field survey was conducted to elucidate the damage to river embankments and their hinterlands (residential area) by tsunami propagation in river channels and overtopping of embankments. Two, three, and four rivers in Iwate Pref., Miyagi Pref., and the Kanto region, respectively, were selected for the field investigation. In the hinterlands, the tsunami came from two directions, coast and river, and the situation, including the evacuation of people, became complex. Therefore, it is necessary to identify locations of river embankments that can be easily overtopped by a tsunami in different tsunami conditions. Tsunami inundation patterns were classified by the river capacity and whether a river or sea embankment was breached or not. This will provide useful information for making new hazard maps and planning new cities. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.694365 [article] Characteristics of damage due to tsunami propagation in river channels and overflow of their embankments in great east Japan earthquake [texte imprimé] / Norio Tanaka, Auteur ; Junji Yagisawa, Auteur ; Satoshi Yasuda, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 269-279. Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 269-279 Mots-clés : Tsunami  propagation  in  river  channels  Overtopping  flow  Meandering  of  river  channel  Great  east  Japan  earthquake Résumé : The tsunami caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, with a magnitude of 9.0, broke most of the sea embankment and coastal vegetation belt and caused catastrophic damage to people and buildings in the Tohoku and Kanto regions of Japan. A field survey was conducted to elucidate the damage to river embankments and their hinterlands (residential area) by tsunami propagation in river channels and overtopping of embankments. Two, three, and four rivers in Iwate Pref., Miyagi Pref., and the Kanto region, respectively, were selected for the field investigation. In the hinterlands, the tsunami came from two directions, coast and river, and the situation, including the evacuation of people, became complex. Therefore, it is necessary to identify locations of river embankments that can be easily overtopped by a tsunami in different tsunami conditions. Tsunami inundation patterns were classified by the river capacity and whether a river or sea embankment was breached or not. This will provide useful information for making new hazard maps and planning new cities. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.694365

Comparison of stream flow predicted in a forest watershed using different modelling procedures / M. Reza Ghanbarpour in JRBM : International journal of river basin management, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 281-292 Titre : Comparison of stream flow predicted in a forest watershed using different modelling procedures : ARMA, ANN, SWRRB, and IHACRES models Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Reza Ghanbarpour, Auteur ; Maryam Amiri, Auteur ; Mehdi Zarei, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 281-292 Note générale : Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Stream  flow  Prediction  Model  accuracy  Kasilian  watershed  Iran Résumé : Stream flow prediction is crucial for water resource planning and management at the watershed scale. This study investigates various modelling approaches, namely, autoregressive integrated moving average, deseasonalized autoregressive moving average, artificial neural network (ANN), simulator for water resources in rural basins, and identification of hydrographs and components from rainfall, evaporation, and stream (IHACRES) models, to simulate and predict stream flow in Kasilian watershed in northern Iran. This research represents a case study on forest watershed modelling with the lack of enough hydro-meteorological data. The comparison of the prediction performance of the models was done based on some error estimation criteria. The results indicate that the ANN and IHACRES models perform better than the two other modelling approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of different hydrological models are discussed. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.699893 [article] Comparison of stream flow predicted in a forest watershed using different modelling procedures : ARMA, ANN, SWRRB, and IHACRES models [texte imprimé] / M. Reza Ghanbarpour, Auteur ; Maryam Amiri, Auteur ; Mehdi Zarei, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 281-292. Hydraulique Langues : Anglais (eng) in JRBM : International journal of river basin management > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 281-292 Mots-clés : Stream  flow  Prediction  Model  accuracy  Kasilian  watershed  Iran Résumé : Stream flow prediction is crucial for water resource planning and management at the watershed scale. This study investigates various modelling approaches, namely, autoregressive integrated moving average, deseasonalized autoregressive moving average, artificial neural network (ANN), simulator for water resources in rural basins, and identification of hydrographs and components from rainfall, evaporation, and stream (IHACRES) models, to simulate and predict stream flow in Kasilian watershed in northern Iran. This research represents a case study on forest watershed modelling with the lack of enough hydro-meteorological data. The comparison of the prediction performance of the models was done based on some error estimation criteria. The results indicate that the ANN and IHACRES models perform better than the two other modelling approaches. The advantages and disadvantages of different hydrological models are discussed. ISSN : 1571-5124 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2012.699893

Exemplaires

Bibliothèque Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d'Alger

Accueil

Se connecter

Météo

Adresse