[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10517-10523

Titre :	Selection and evaluation of organosilicon coolants for direct immersion cooling of electronic systems
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Pramod Warrier, Auteur ; Aravind Sathyanarayana, Auteur ; Sara Bazdar, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10517-10523
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Cooling  Immersion  Coolant
Résumé :	We have identified new organosilicon coolants for direct immersion phase change cooling of electronic systems using a computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) approach combined with a figure of merit (FOM) analysis (hereafter termed the CAMD-FOM approach). Seven candidates with predicted thermophysical properties in the range suitable for direct immersion cooling of electronics were identified, and the thermophysical properties of two candidates, dimethoxydimethylsilane and ethyldimethylsilane, were measured in order to validate the CAMD-FOM procedure. In addition, the pool boiling characteristics of a mixture of dimethoxydimethylsilane and HFE 7200 (10:90 w/w) on a grooved silicon surface were investigated and compared with those of pure HFE 7200. The addition of dimethoxydimethylsilane was shown to lead to an approximately 20% enhancement in the critical heat flux, confirming that the CAMD-FOM approach can be employed for designing new heat transfer fluids.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234083

[article] Selection and evaluation of organosilicon coolants for direct immersion cooling of electronic systems [texte imprimé] / Pramod Warrier, Auteur ; Aravind Sathyanarayana, Auteur ; Sara Bazdar, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10517-10523.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10517-10523

Mots-clés :	Cooling  Immersion  Coolant
Résumé :	We have identified new organosilicon coolants for direct immersion phase change cooling of electronic systems using a computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) approach combined with a figure of merit (FOM) analysis (hereafter termed the CAMD-FOM approach). Seven candidates with predicted thermophysical properties in the range suitable for direct immersion cooling of electronics were identified, and the thermophysical properties of two candidates, dimethoxydimethylsilane and ethyldimethylsilane, were measured in order to validate the CAMD-FOM procedure. In addition, the pool boiling characteristics of a mixture of dimethoxydimethylsilane and HFE 7200 (10:90 w/w) on a grooved silicon surface were investigated and compared with those of pure HFE 7200. The addition of dimethoxydimethylsilane was shown to lead to an approximately 20% enhancement in the critical heat flux, confirming that the CAMD-FOM approach can be employed for designing new heat transfer fluids.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234083

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10509–10516

Titre :	Ozonation of phenol with O3/Fe(II) in acidic environment in a rotating packed bed
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zequan Zeng, Auteur ; Haikui Zou, Auteur ; Xin Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10509–10516
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Ozonation  Phenol
Résumé :	The treatment of acidic phenolic wastewater by ferrous-catalyzed ozonation (O3/Fe(II)) process in a rotating packed bed (RPB) was studied, and the O3/Fe(II) process was compared with the O3 process. It was observed that the phenol degradation rate in the O3/Fe(II) process was roughly 10% higher than that of O3 process in acidic environment in the RPB. It is also found that the degradation efficiency of phenol was significantly affected by the rotation speed and inlet ozone concentration. Phenol degradation efficiency increased with increasing initial pH of the phenolic solution, rotation speed, and concentrations of the inlet ozone gas, as well as a decreasing liquid flow rate and initial concentrations of phenol. Phenol degradation efficiency reached maximum at a temperature of 25 °C and an initial Fe(II) concentration of 0.4 mM. The result of the contrast experiment showed that the biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) of the phenol solution increased from 0.2 to 0.59 after the solution was treated by O3/Fe(II) process. The intermediates of the ferrous-catalyzed ozonation process were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), and it is deduced that the pathway of phenol degradation in ferrous-catalyzed ozonation is different from that in ozonation. Hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone were the main intermediates, and a small amount of polymeric intermediates was found in the O3/Fe(II) process.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie300476d

[article] Ozonation of phenol with O3/Fe(II) in acidic environment in a rotating packed bed [texte imprimé] / Zequan Zeng, Auteur ; Haikui Zou, Auteur ; Xin Li, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10509–10516.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10509–10516

Mots-clés :	Ozonation  Phenol
Résumé :	The treatment of acidic phenolic wastewater by ferrous-catalyzed ozonation (O3/Fe(II)) process in a rotating packed bed (RPB) was studied, and the O3/Fe(II) process was compared with the O3 process. It was observed that the phenol degradation rate in the O3/Fe(II) process was roughly 10% higher than that of O3 process in acidic environment in the RPB. It is also found that the degradation efficiency of phenol was significantly affected by the rotation speed and inlet ozone concentration. Phenol degradation efficiency increased with increasing initial pH of the phenolic solution, rotation speed, and concentrations of the inlet ozone gas, as well as a decreasing liquid flow rate and initial concentrations of phenol. Phenol degradation efficiency reached maximum at a temperature of 25 °C and an initial Fe(II) concentration of 0.4 mM. The result of the contrast experiment showed that the biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) of the phenol solution increased from 0.2 to 0.59 after the solution was treated by O3/Fe(II) process. The intermediates of the ferrous-catalyzed ozonation process were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), and it is deduced that the pathway of phenol degradation in ferrous-catalyzed ozonation is different from that in ozonation. Hydroquinone and 1,4-benzoquinone were the main intermediates, and a small amount of polymeric intermediates was found in the O3/Fe(II) process.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie300476d

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10503–10508

Titre :	Growth and oil extraction from chlorella vulgaris : A Techno - economic and environmental assessment
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Juan J. Jaramillo, Auteur ; Javier M. Naranjo, Auteur ; Carlos A. Cardona, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10503–10508
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Oil  Extraction
Résumé :	In this work, the technical, economic, and environmental viability of the growth, harvest, drying, and extraction of oil from Chlorella vulgaris was evaluated. A flue stream from a rice husk processing plant was taken as the substrate for microalgae growth and the production of 1 ton/h of microalgae oil. The mass and energy balances were calculated using Aspen Plus Software. The economic assessment was developed using Aspen Process Economic Analyzer Software. The environmental impact evaluation was carried out using the waste reduction algorithm (WAR). The yields of the process were 0.37 kg of oil/kg of dry microalgae and 0.63 kg of cake/kg of dry microalgae. The production costs were 0.56 USD/kg of oil and 0.33 USD/kg of cake. The potential environmental impact was 0.003 PEI/kg of product. The results indicate significant mitigation of smog formation potential because gases are used to generated value-added products.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie300207x

[article] Growth and oil extraction from chlorella vulgaris : A Techno - economic and environmental assessment [texte imprimé] / Juan J. Jaramillo, Auteur ; Javier M. Naranjo, Auteur ; Carlos A. Cardona, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10503–10508.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10503–10508

Mots-clés :	Oil  Extraction
Résumé :	In this work, the technical, economic, and environmental viability of the growth, harvest, drying, and extraction of oil from Chlorella vulgaris was evaluated. A flue stream from a rice husk processing plant was taken as the substrate for microalgae growth and the production of 1 ton/h of microalgae oil. The mass and energy balances were calculated using Aspen Plus Software. The economic assessment was developed using Aspen Process Economic Analyzer Software. The environmental impact evaluation was carried out using the waste reduction algorithm (WAR). The yields of the process were 0.37 kg of oil/kg of dry microalgae and 0.63 kg of cake/kg of dry microalgae. The production costs were 0.56 USD/kg of oil and 0.33 USD/kg of cake. The potential environmental impact was 0.003 PEI/kg of product. The results indicate significant mitigation of smog formation potential because gases are used to generated value-added products.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie300207x

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10492-10502

Titre :	The Effect of bed particle inventories with different particle sizes in a dual fluidized bed pilot plant for biomass steam gasification
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Stefan Koppatz, Auteur ; Johannes C. Schmid, Auteur ; Christoph Pfeifer, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10492-10502
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Gasification  Water  vapor  Biomass  Pilot  plant  Fluidized  bed  Fluidization  Particle  size
Résumé :	The paper reviews recent results obtained at the dual fluidized bed pilot plant for steam gasification of biomass at the Vienna University of Technology. The dual fluidized bed reactor system involves the combination of a steam fluidized bubbling bed and an air blown fast fluidized bed. Bed particles of olivine with different mean particle sizes are applied as solid inventory in the fluidized bed system. The applied mean particle sizes are 520 and 260 μm, and therefore differ in coarse and fine solid particle inventories. Increased conversion of higher hydrocarbons is assumed for the fine particle inventory due to higher turbulence (improved gas―solid contact), higher gas residence times in the bubbling bed, and the higher specific particle surface which is exposed to the gas phase. Experimental test runs with conventional wood pellets were conducted by varying the fuel feed, gasification temperature, and the steam-to-fuel ratio. The results are presented according to hydrodynamic considerations, gas composition, tar content, and tar composition, and further specific data (e.g., gas yields, gas residence times, water conversion, and deviation from equilibrium state). The effect of the fine particle inventory is found to significantly influence the tar content of the GC-MS detectable tar fraction; it is reduced by about 50%. Furthermore, it is found that the main gas composition is broadly independent of the particle inventory.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234080

[article] The Effect of bed particle inventories with different particle sizes in a dual fluidized bed pilot plant for biomass steam gasification [texte imprimé] / Stefan Koppatz, Auteur ; Johannes C. Schmid, Auteur ; Christoph Pfeifer, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10492-10502.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10492-10502

Mots-clés :	Gasification  Water  vapor  Biomass  Pilot  plant  Fluidized  bed  Fluidization  Particle  size
Résumé :	The paper reviews recent results obtained at the dual fluidized bed pilot plant for steam gasification of biomass at the Vienna University of Technology. The dual fluidized bed reactor system involves the combination of a steam fluidized bubbling bed and an air blown fast fluidized bed. Bed particles of olivine with different mean particle sizes are applied as solid inventory in the fluidized bed system. The applied mean particle sizes are 520 and 260 μm, and therefore differ in coarse and fine solid particle inventories. Increased conversion of higher hydrocarbons is assumed for the fine particle inventory due to higher turbulence (improved gas―solid contact), higher gas residence times in the bubbling bed, and the higher specific particle surface which is exposed to the gas phase. Experimental test runs with conventional wood pellets were conducted by varying the fuel feed, gasification temperature, and the steam-to-fuel ratio. The results are presented according to hydrodynamic considerations, gas composition, tar content, and tar composition, and further specific data (e.g., gas yields, gas residence times, water conversion, and deviation from equilibrium state). The effect of the fine particle inventory is found to significantly influence the tar content of the GC-MS detectable tar fraction; it is reduced by about 50%. Furthermore, it is found that the main gas composition is broadly independent of the particle inventory.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234080

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10482-10491

Titre :	Hydrodynamics in a rotating packed bed. II. : A mathematical model
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zuo-yi Yan, Auteur ; Qi Ruan, Auteur ; Lin Cheng, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10482-10491
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Mathematical  model  Packed  bed  Hydrodynamics
Résumé :	A mathematical model for air―liquid two-phase flow in rotating packed beds (RPB) is established to describe the real condition of the fluid flow in the RPB. Results show that the model can better and reasonably predict the distribution of the air-liquid two-phase flow field, the pressure drop, the liquid film thickness, the proportion of the turbulent flow in the liquid film and some other complex hydrodynamic characteristics in the RPB. The results provide a theory basis for the gas-liquid two-phase heat transfer and mass transfer.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234079

[article] Hydrodynamics in a rotating packed bed. II. : A mathematical model [texte imprimé] / Zuo-yi Yan, Auteur ; Qi Ruan, Auteur ; Lin Cheng, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10482-10491.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10482-10491

Mots-clés :	Mathematical  model  Packed  bed  Hydrodynamics
Résumé :	A mathematical model for air―liquid two-phase flow in rotating packed beds (RPB) is established to describe the real condition of the fluid flow in the RPB. Results show that the model can better and reasonably predict the distribution of the air-liquid two-phase flow field, the pressure drop, the liquid film thickness, the proportion of the turbulent flow in the liquid film and some other complex hydrodynamic characteristics in the RPB. The results provide a theory basis for the gas-liquid two-phase heat transfer and mass transfer.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234079

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10472-10481

Titre :	Hydrodynamics in a rotating packed bed. I. : A novel experimental method
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Zuo-yi Yan, Auteur ; Lin Cheng, Auteur ; Qi Ruan, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10472-10481
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Packed  bed  Hydrodynamics
Résumé :	A novel experimental method is proposed to investigate the fluid flow in rotating packed beds (RPB). Experimental results show that the novel method is simple and effective and can be used not only in the lab experimental equipment but also in the industrial grade equipment. By using this method, the hydrodynamic performances of the RPB can be easily studied, which include actual wetting and false wetting, the flow pattern of the liquid film flow, the number and width of liquid trajectories, etc., and consequently, their changing rules are obtained. The results have significant effect on the gas-liquid two phase transfer behavior and are the basis of establishing accurately hydrodynamic mathematical model for RPB.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234078

[article] Hydrodynamics in a rotating packed bed. I. : A novel experimental method [texte imprimé] / Zuo-yi Yan, Auteur ; Lin Cheng, Auteur ; Qi Ruan, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10472-10481.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10472-10481

Mots-clés :	Packed  bed  Hydrodynamics
Résumé :	A novel experimental method is proposed to investigate the fluid flow in rotating packed beds (RPB). Experimental results show that the novel method is simple and effective and can be used not only in the lab experimental equipment but also in the industrial grade equipment. By using this method, the hydrodynamic performances of the RPB can be easily studied, which include actual wetting and false wetting, the flow pattern of the liquid film flow, the number and width of liquid trajectories, etc., and consequently, their changing rules are obtained. The results have significant effect on the gas-liquid two phase transfer behavior and are the basis of establishing accurately hydrodynamic mathematical model for RPB.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234078

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10462-10471

Titre :	Sorption isotherms of heavy metal ions onto semi - interpenetrating polymer network cryogels based on polyacrylamide and anionically modified potato starch
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Diana Felicia Apopei, Auteur ; Maria Valentina Dinu, Auteur ; Andrzej W. Trochimczuk, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10462-10471
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Cryogel  Metal  ion  Heavy  metal  Adsorption  isotherm
Résumé :	Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) cryogels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) and anionically modified potato starch (PA) were synthesized and tested as sorbents for heavy metal ions like: Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions by batch-mode under noncompetitive conditions. Experimental data obtained from batch equilibrium tests have been analyzed using four models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips isotherms. The equilibrium data obtained for the sorption of heavy metal ions onto the semi-IPN cryogels were well fitted in the Sips nonlinear regression model with a maximum theoretical sorption capacity of 40.72 mg Cu2+/g composite, 19.27 mg Cd2+/g composite, 9.31 mg Ni2+/g composite, and 7.48 mg Zn2+/g composite.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234077

[article] Sorption isotherms of heavy metal ions onto semi - interpenetrating polymer network cryogels based on polyacrylamide and anionically modified potato starch [texte imprimé] / Diana Felicia Apopei, Auteur ; Maria Valentina Dinu, Auteur ; Andrzej W. Trochimczuk, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10462-10471.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10462-10471

Mots-clés :	Cryogel  Metal  ion  Heavy  metal  Adsorption  isotherm
Résumé :	Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) cryogels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm) and anionically modified potato starch (PA) were synthesized and tested as sorbents for heavy metal ions like: Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ from aqueous solutions by batch-mode under noncompetitive conditions. Experimental data obtained from batch equilibrium tests have been analyzed using four models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips isotherms. The equilibrium data obtained for the sorption of heavy metal ions onto the semi-IPN cryogels were well fitted in the Sips nonlinear regression model with a maximum theoretical sorption capacity of 40.72 mg Cu2+/g composite, 19.27 mg Cd2+/g composite, 9.31 mg Ni2+/g composite, and 7.48 mg Zn2+/g composite.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234077

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10451-10461

Titre :	Nanocomposite MFI - alumina hollow fiber membranes : Influence of NOx and Propane on CO2/N2 Separation Properties
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	C H. Nicolas, Auteur ; M. Pera-Titus, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10451-10461
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon  dioxide  Hollow  fiber  Nanocomposite
Résumé :	This study provides a detailed survey of the effect of moisture, NOx and light hydrocarbons (i.e., propane) on the CO2/N2 permeation and separation properties of MFI-type hollow-fiber membranes in view of on board CO2 capture applications in Diesel vehicles. Five different MFI-alumina samples have been prepared including different degrees of isomorphous boron and germanium substitution, as well as ex framework proton exchange by copper. The quality of the synthesized hollow fibers has been primarily assessed by pure N2 permeation and n-butane/H2 and SF6/N2 separation at room temperature. The different materials show preferential CO2/N2 and CO2/NO selectivity at low CO2 feed concentrations (∼10%) in the temperature range 298―373 K, which can be appreciably promoted under the presence of propane (1 v/v %). The materials show stable and high CO2 permeances even in the presence of large amounts of water in the feed stream. On the basis of the permeation and separation data measured in this study, we present a refined simulation study of a membrane cascade system constituted of two hollow-fiber membrane modules coupled to a DeNox unit for on board CO2 capture and liquefaction/ supercritical storage in heavy vehicles (>40 tn).
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234076

[article] Nanocomposite MFI - alumina hollow fiber membranes : Influence of NOx and Propane on CO2/N2 Separation Properties [texte imprimé] / C H. Nicolas, Auteur ; M. Pera-Titus, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10451-10461.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10451-10461

Mots-clés :	Carbon  dioxide  Hollow  fiber  Nanocomposite
Résumé :	This study provides a detailed survey of the effect of moisture, NOx and light hydrocarbons (i.e., propane) on the CO2/N2 permeation and separation properties of MFI-type hollow-fiber membranes in view of on board CO2 capture applications in Diesel vehicles. Five different MFI-alumina samples have been prepared including different degrees of isomorphous boron and germanium substitution, as well as ex framework proton exchange by copper. The quality of the synthesized hollow fibers has been primarily assessed by pure N2 permeation and n-butane/H2 and SF6/N2 separation at room temperature. The different materials show preferential CO2/N2 and CO2/NO selectivity at low CO2 feed concentrations (∼10%) in the temperature range 298―373 K, which can be appreciably promoted under the presence of propane (1 v/v %). The materials show stable and high CO2 permeances even in the presence of large amounts of water in the feed stream. On the basis of the permeation and separation data measured in this study, we present a refined simulation study of a membrane cascade system constituted of two hollow-fiber membrane modules coupled to a DeNox unit for on board CO2 capture and liquefaction/ supercritical storage in heavy vehicles (>40 tn).
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234076

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10445-10450

Titre :	Anion exchange resins for the selective separation of technetium from uranium in carbonate solutions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Kristy M. Long, Auteur ; George S. Goff, Auteur ; Stuart D. Ware, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10445-10450
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Anionic  resin
Résumé :	In alkaline carbonate solutions both technetium and uranium exist as anionic species, TcO4― and UO2(CO3)34―, which makes separating Tc and U from each other more challenging compared to acidic PUREX type solutions where uranium forms neutral or cationic complexes. We tested the batch separation of 99Tc, 28U, and 239Pu from carbonate solutions using anion exchange resins with different properties, including Purolite A530E, Reillex HPQ, and Dowex Marathon WBA. Overall, the highest Kd values for pertechnetate were achieved using the strong base resins in solutions of the lowest carbonate concentration. Pretreating the resins in higher carbonate concentrations before use was shown to increase the Kd values for pertechnetate. The measured Kd values for uranium generally were low, resulting in high selectivity for the separation of pertechnetate from uranium in carbonate solutions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234075

[article] Anion exchange resins for the selective separation of technetium from uranium in carbonate solutions [texte imprimé] / Kristy M. Long, Auteur ; George S. Goff, Auteur ; Stuart D. Ware, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10445-10450.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10445-10450

Mots-clés :	Anionic  resin
Résumé :	In alkaline carbonate solutions both technetium and uranium exist as anionic species, TcO4― and UO2(CO3)34―, which makes separating Tc and U from each other more challenging compared to acidic PUREX type solutions where uranium forms neutral or cationic complexes. We tested the batch separation of 99Tc, 28U, and 239Pu from carbonate solutions using anion exchange resins with different properties, including Purolite A530E, Reillex HPQ, and Dowex Marathon WBA. Overall, the highest Kd values for pertechnetate were achieved using the strong base resins in solutions of the lowest carbonate concentration. Pretreating the resins in higher carbonate concentrations before use was shown to increase the Kd values for pertechnetate. The measured Kd values for uranium generally were low, resulting in high selectivity for the separation of pertechnetate from uranium in carbonate solutions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234075

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10433-10444

Titre :	Study of the interaction between HDEHP and CMPO and its effect on the extraction of selected lanthanides
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Peter Tkac, Auteur ; George F. Vandegrift, Auteur ; Gregg J. Lumetta, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10433-10444
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Lanthanides
Résumé :	Separation of the trivalent actinides from the trivalent lanthanides relevant to used nuclear fuel reprocessing remains still a challenging task. One of the options currently being investigated is the combination of two extraction processes, TRUEX and TALSPEAK. However, the two extractants used in the individual processes, when combined, result in a system with complex extraction behavior. To better understand the interactions in this combined extraction system, FT-IR spectroscopy was used in combination with small-scale solvent extraction tests. The data indicate that in the presence of CMPO, HDEHP dimer cleaves and interacts with CMPO through hydrogen bonding between POH and phosphoryl group of CMPO. The formation of a new HDEHP-CMPO adduct (log β = 3.4) at [HDEHP] > [CMPO] significantly lowers the concentration of free CMPO available for complexation with metal. The distribution ratios of Eu(III) decrease significantly with increasing nitric acid concentration and point to the acidic properties of this mixed extractant. The data presented suggest that several species containing HDEHP-CMPO adduct, HDEHP, and nitrate are formed upon extraction of Eu(III) by the mixture of HDEHP and CMPO.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie300326d

[article] Study of the interaction between HDEHP and CMPO and its effect on the extraction of selected lanthanides [texte imprimé] / Peter Tkac, Auteur ; George F. Vandegrift, Auteur ; Gregg J. Lumetta, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10433-10444.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10433-10444

Mots-clés :	Lanthanides
Résumé :	Separation of the trivalent actinides from the trivalent lanthanides relevant to used nuclear fuel reprocessing remains still a challenging task. One of the options currently being investigated is the combination of two extraction processes, TRUEX and TALSPEAK. However, the two extractants used in the individual processes, when combined, result in a system with complex extraction behavior. To better understand the interactions in this combined extraction system, FT-IR spectroscopy was used in combination with small-scale solvent extraction tests. The data indicate that in the presence of CMPO, HDEHP dimer cleaves and interacts with CMPO through hydrogen bonding between POH and phosphoryl group of CMPO. The formation of a new HDEHP-CMPO adduct (log β = 3.4) at [HDEHP] > [CMPO] significantly lowers the concentration of free CMPO available for complexation with metal. The distribution ratios of Eu(III) decrease significantly with increasing nitric acid concentration and point to the acidic properties of this mixed extractant. The data presented suggest that several species containing HDEHP-CMPO adduct, HDEHP, and nitrate are formed upon extraction of Eu(III) by the mixture of HDEHP and CMPO.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie300326d

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10416-10432

Titre :	Estimation and analysis of energy utilities consumption in batch chemical industry through thermal losses modeling
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Claude Rérat, Auteur ; Stavros Papadokonstantakis, Auteur ; Konrad Hungerbuhler, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10416-10432
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Utilities  Modeling  Chemical  industry  Batchwise
Résumé :	A systematic approach for the estimation of energy utility consumption in chemical batch plants is presented and validated. This approach is based on bottom-up modeling of energy use and its conversion in usual energy carriers like steam, cooling water and brine, including estimation of thermal losses. The modeling involves a detailed energy balance of each unit operation using dynamic plant data. Thermal losses are determined using an empirical parametric equation for each equipment and utility. The method was applied to one monoproduct and one multiproduct building of a chemical batch plant comprising 20 main equipments (reactor vessels, heat exchangers and dryers) for the production of 5 specialty chemicals and intermediates over a period of 2 months. For fitting the parameters of the empirical thermal losses models it was crucial to determine the real energy consumption for the investigated equipments. In the lack of installed flowmeters it was tested whether this task can be performed through calibration of the valves controlling the utility distribution based on valve opening. A direct and an indirect calibration method were applied both providing satisfactory level of accuracy. Validation of the bottom-up models was performed at different aggregation levels, including equipment specific unit operations, production lines and overall building energy consumption. The results indicated that for all types of energy utility, equipment and unit operation the consumption could be estimated with a relative error between 5% and 35% depending on the aggregation level. These results can motivate plant managers and process engineers to consider model-based estimation and analysis of energy utilities for monitoring and optimization purposes in industrial practice.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234073

[article] Estimation and analysis of energy utilities consumption in batch chemical industry through thermal losses modeling [texte imprimé] / Claude Rérat, Auteur ; Stavros Papadokonstantakis, Auteur ; Konrad Hungerbuhler, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10416-10432.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10416-10432

Mots-clés :	Utilities  Modeling  Chemical  industry  Batchwise
Résumé :	A systematic approach for the estimation of energy utility consumption in chemical batch plants is presented and validated. This approach is based on bottom-up modeling of energy use and its conversion in usual energy carriers like steam, cooling water and brine, including estimation of thermal losses. The modeling involves a detailed energy balance of each unit operation using dynamic plant data. Thermal losses are determined using an empirical parametric equation for each equipment and utility. The method was applied to one monoproduct and one multiproduct building of a chemical batch plant comprising 20 main equipments (reactor vessels, heat exchangers and dryers) for the production of 5 specialty chemicals and intermediates over a period of 2 months. For fitting the parameters of the empirical thermal losses models it was crucial to determine the real energy consumption for the investigated equipments. In the lack of installed flowmeters it was tested whether this task can be performed through calibration of the valves controlling the utility distribution based on valve opening. A direct and an indirect calibration method were applied both providing satisfactory level of accuracy. Validation of the bottom-up models was performed at different aggregation levels, including equipment specific unit operations, production lines and overall building energy consumption. The results indicated that for all types of energy utility, equipment and unit operation the consumption could be estimated with a relative error between 5% and 35% depending on the aggregation level. These results can motivate plant managers and process engineers to consider model-based estimation and analysis of energy utilities for monitoring and optimization purposes in industrial practice.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234073

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10408-10415

Titre :	Integrated reductive / adsorptive detoxification of Cr (VI) - contaminated water by polypyrrole / cellulose fiber composite
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yu Lei, Auteur ; Xueren Qian, Auteur ; Jing Shen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10408-10415
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Composite  material  Water  pollution  Detoxification
Résumé :	For detoxification of Cr(VI)-contaminated water, a new process concept of using conductive polypyrrole/ cellulose fiber composite (prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of cellulose fibers) for water treatment was proposed and demonstrated. The effects of preparation conditions of the composite, as well as the water treatment conditions, on the detoxification efficiency were studied. Under the optimized conditions, the composite was highly effective in Cr(VI) detoxification. The desorption results and XPS analyses showed that the highly toxic Cr(VI) was reduced to less toxic Cr(III) and then adsorbed onto the composite. At least 3/4 of the Cr adsorbed to the composite was Cr(III). ATR-FTIR spectra and SEM images also proved that redox reaction occurred during the water treatment process. The integrated reductive/ adsorptive Cr(VI) detoxification by polypyrrole-engineered cellulose fibers would provide new possibilities for the commercial application of conductive fibers.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234072

[article] Integrated reductive / adsorptive detoxification of Cr (VI) - contaminated water by polypyrrole / cellulose fiber composite [texte imprimé] / Yu Lei, Auteur ; Xueren Qian, Auteur ; Jing Shen, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10408-10415.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10408-10415

Mots-clés :	Composite  material  Water  pollution  Detoxification
Résumé :	For detoxification of Cr(VI)-contaminated water, a new process concept of using conductive polypyrrole/ cellulose fiber composite (prepared by in situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of cellulose fibers) for water treatment was proposed and demonstrated. The effects of preparation conditions of the composite, as well as the water treatment conditions, on the detoxification efficiency were studied. Under the optimized conditions, the composite was highly effective in Cr(VI) detoxification. The desorption results and XPS analyses showed that the highly toxic Cr(VI) was reduced to less toxic Cr(III) and then adsorbed onto the composite. At least 3/4 of the Cr adsorbed to the composite was Cr(III). ATR-FTIR spectra and SEM images also proved that redox reaction occurred during the water treatment process. The integrated reductive/ adsorptive Cr(VI) detoxification by polypyrrole-engineered cellulose fibers would provide new possibilities for the commercial application of conductive fibers.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234072

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10399-10407

Titre :	Caulerpin — a bis - indole alkaloid as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution from the marine alga caulerpa racemosa
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Chennappan Kamal, Auteur ; Mathur Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10399-10407
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Mild  steel  Corrosion
Résumé :	A marine alga Caulerpa racemosa was tested for its anticorrosion potential against mild steel in 1 M HCl solution by weight loss and electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies at various temperatures viz., 303, 313, and 323 K. The results showed that inhibition efficiency increased with increase of extract concentration and decreased with increase of temperature. The adsorption of the molecules of the extract on the mild steel surface was in accordance with the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Polarization studies showed that the extract inhibits mild steel corrosion through mixed mode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirm the adsorption of the extract at mild steel/acid interface. The major phytoconstituent caulerpin, a bis-indole alkaloid isolated and characterized using UV, IR and NMR spectroscopic studies, was tested for anticorrosion activity using polarization, impedance, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. The AFM results confirmed the formation of a protective layer by caulerpin over mild steel surface. Thus the anticorrosion potential of C. racemosa can be correlated to the presence of caulerpin.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234071

[article] Caulerpin — a bis - indole alkaloid as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution from the marine alga caulerpa racemosa [texte imprimé] / Chennappan Kamal, Auteur ; Mathur Gopalakrishnan Sethuraman, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10399-10407.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10399-10407

Mots-clés :	Mild  steel  Corrosion
Résumé :	A marine alga Caulerpa racemosa was tested for its anticorrosion potential against mild steel in 1 M HCl solution by weight loss and electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies at various temperatures viz., 303, 313, and 323 K. The results showed that inhibition efficiency increased with increase of extract concentration and decreased with increase of temperature. The adsorption of the molecules of the extract on the mild steel surface was in accordance with the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Polarization studies showed that the extract inhibits mild steel corrosion through mixed mode and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results confirm the adsorption of the extract at mild steel/acid interface. The major phytoconstituent caulerpin, a bis-indole alkaloid isolated and characterized using UV, IR and NMR spectroscopic studies, was tested for anticorrosion activity using polarization, impedance, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. The AFM results confirmed the formation of a protective layer by caulerpin over mild steel surface. Thus the anticorrosion potential of C. racemosa can be correlated to the presence of caulerpin.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234071

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10390–10398

Titre :	Development of zirconium - stabilized calcium oxide absorbent for cyclic high - temperature CO2 capture
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Hamid R. Radfarnia, Auteur ; Maria C. Iliuta, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10390–10398
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Zirconium  Calcium  Oxide  Absorbent
Résumé :	A high-temperature regenerable CO2 absorbent, Zr-stabilized CaO, was prepared using the surfactant template-ultrasound synthesis method in this work. During 15 absorption/desorption cycles, it was found that Zr-stabilized CaO with a Zr/Ca molar ratio of 0.303 kept the most favorable stability and CO2 uptake capacity among the proposed Zr-stabilized samples. During multiple carbonation/decarbonation cycles, the incorporation of zirconium inhibited the agglomeration and sintering of CaO particles, thereby improving the absorbent durability. The effects of carbonation temperature (600–700 °C) and surfactant amount used in the preparation method on the performance of the proposed absorbent were investigated. The results showed that an excess of surfactant negatively affects the absorbent structural stability. Multicycle CO2 capture tests carried out between 600 and 700 °C showed that an increase in carbonation temperature improved the absorption capacity and durability of the proposed Zr-stabilized CaO absorbent. In summary, the results showed a superior prolonged stability of Zr-stabilized CaO as compared to pure CaO under severe operating conditions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie301287k

[article] Development of zirconium - stabilized calcium oxide absorbent for cyclic high - temperature CO2 capture [texte imprimé] / Hamid R. Radfarnia, Auteur ; Maria C. Iliuta, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10390–10398.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10390–10398

Mots-clés :	Zirconium  Calcium  Oxide  Absorbent
Résumé :	A high-temperature regenerable CO2 absorbent, Zr-stabilized CaO, was prepared using the surfactant template-ultrasound synthesis method in this work. During 15 absorption/desorption cycles, it was found that Zr-stabilized CaO with a Zr/Ca molar ratio of 0.303 kept the most favorable stability and CO2 uptake capacity among the proposed Zr-stabilized samples. During multiple carbonation/decarbonation cycles, the incorporation of zirconium inhibited the agglomeration and sintering of CaO particles, thereby improving the absorbent durability. The effects of carbonation temperature (600–700 °C) and surfactant amount used in the preparation method on the performance of the proposed absorbent were investigated. The results showed that an excess of surfactant negatively affects the absorbent structural stability. Multicycle CO2 capture tests carried out between 600 and 700 °C showed that an increase in carbonation temperature improved the absorption capacity and durability of the proposed Zr-stabilized CaO absorbent. In summary, the results showed a superior prolonged stability of Zr-stabilized CaO as compared to pure CaO under severe operating conditions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie301287k

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10381–10389

Titre :	Phenol red dye functionalized nanostructured silica films as optical filters and pH sensors
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Shobhit Singh Chauhan, Auteur ; R. V. Jasra, Auteur ; A. L. Sharma, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10381–10389
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	pH  Dyes
Résumé :	Optically transparent nanostructured silica films functionalized with phenol red dye were prepared by spin coating on glass slides. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed 2D hexagonal symmetry of the functionalized film with mesophase aligned parallel to the surface of substrate. The designed photofunction of films was spectroscopically tested for pH sensing application. The films displayed analytical dynamic range of 5–12 pH measuring units with response time less than 1 s. The films were resistant to peel off test and could be used up to 15–18 counts for pH measurements. The films were additionally found to feature optical notch filter with bandwidth of 85 nm. The characteristics of PR film resembled long-pass filter upon annealing at 400 °C with transmission over 90% in 370–800 nm range. The single nanocomposite film formed can thus act either as a pH sensor, notch filter, or long-pass filter after annealing at 400 °C. The experimental findings could serve as a model for fabrication of film with tailored physicochemical properties for predictive sensor and optical characteristics.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234069

[article] Phenol red dye functionalized nanostructured silica films as optical filters and pH sensors [texte imprimé] / Shobhit Singh Chauhan, Auteur ; R. V. Jasra, Auteur ; A. L. Sharma, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10381–10389.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10381–10389

Mots-clés :	pH  Dyes
Résumé :	Optically transparent nanostructured silica films functionalized with phenol red dye were prepared by spin coating on glass slides. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed 2D hexagonal symmetry of the functionalized film with mesophase aligned parallel to the surface of substrate. The designed photofunction of films was spectroscopically tested for pH sensing application. The films displayed analytical dynamic range of 5–12 pH measuring units with response time less than 1 s. The films were resistant to peel off test and could be used up to 15–18 counts for pH measurements. The films were additionally found to feature optical notch filter with bandwidth of 85 nm. The characteristics of PR film resembled long-pass filter upon annealing at 400 °C with transmission over 90% in 370–800 nm range. The single nanocomposite film formed can thus act either as a pH sensor, notch filter, or long-pass filter after annealing at 400 °C. The experimental findings could serve as a model for fabrication of film with tailored physicochemical properties for predictive sensor and optical characteristics.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234069

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10374-10380

Titre :	SiW12O40 - based Ionic liquid catalysts : Catalytic esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel production
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Bin Zhen, Auteur ; Hansheng Li, Auteur ; Qingze Jiao, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10374-10380
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Production  Esterification  Catalytic  reaction  Catalyst  Ionic  liquid
Résumé :	Heteropoly acid (SiW12O40)-based ionic liquid (SWIL) and silica supported SiW12O40-based ionic liquid (SWIL/ SiO2) catalysts with different contents of SWIL were designed and prepared. The structures of the catalysts were experimentally characterized and theoretically analyzed, and catalytic activities and reusability of the catalysts were evaluated through an esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol. The results showed that SWIL had excellent activity and good reusability. SWIL dissolved in the reaction mixture during the reaction process and could be precipitated and separated from products at room temperature after methanol and water were removed. The fresh SWIL/SiO2 had high catalytic activity close to that of SWIL and could be easily separated from the reaction system just through simple filtration. However, the leaching of SWIL in the esterification reaction caused the deactivation of SWIL/SiO2. SWIL contents of SWIL/SiO2 played an important role on the catalytic activity and reusability of SWIL/SiO2.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234068

[article] SiW12O40 - based Ionic liquid catalysts : Catalytic esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel production [texte imprimé] / Bin Zhen, Auteur ; Hansheng Li, Auteur ; Qingze Jiao, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10374-10380.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10374-10380

Mots-clés :	Production  Esterification  Catalytic  reaction  Catalyst  Ionic  liquid
Résumé :	Heteropoly acid (SiW12O40)-based ionic liquid (SWIL) and silica supported SiW12O40-based ionic liquid (SWIL/ SiO2) catalysts with different contents of SWIL were designed and prepared. The structures of the catalysts were experimentally characterized and theoretically analyzed, and catalytic activities and reusability of the catalysts were evaluated through an esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol. The results showed that SWIL had excellent activity and good reusability. SWIL dissolved in the reaction mixture during the reaction process and could be precipitated and separated from products at room temperature after methanol and water were removed. The fresh SWIL/SiO2 had high catalytic activity close to that of SWIL and could be easily separated from the reaction system just through simple filtration. However, the leaching of SWIL in the esterification reaction caused the deactivation of SWIL/SiO2. SWIL contents of SWIL/SiO2 played an important role on the catalytic activity and reusability of SWIL/SiO2.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234068

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10364-10373

Titre :	Reaction mechanism of coal chemical looping process for syngas production with CaSO4 oxygen carrier in the CO2 atmosphere
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yongzhuo Liu, Auteur ; Qingjie Guo, Auteur ; Yu Cheng, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10364-10373
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Carbon  dioxide  Production  Synthesis  gas  Coal  Reaction  mechanism
Résumé :	Chemical looping combustion process for gaseous and solid fuel has been investigated widely. Recently, particular attention is paid to syngas and hydrogen generation from natural gas or solid fuels. CaSO4 has been proved to be a promising oxygen carrier for the chemical looping process with the merit of low price and environmental friendliness. The reaction mechanism of coal and pure CaSO4 for syngas production in the CO2 atmosphere was investigated using the simultaneous thermal analyzer in this paper. First, the thermodynamic analysis of reaction between coal and CaSO4 with different mass ratios was carried out respectively in N2 and CO2 atmospheres. It predicted that the CO2 can promote the reactions, while the coal-CaSO4 mass ratios affected the fate of sulfurous gaseous species greatly. Subsequently, thermogravimetric experiments were conducted by the peak fitting technique. It concluded that the drying and pyrolysis of the coal were main reactions before 800 °C, while the complex reactions, including the reaction between CaSO4 and coal char, gasification of coal char, and the decomposition of CaSO4, occurred during 800―1100 °C. The reaction kinetics and types of the reaction between coal and CaSO4 for syngas in the CO2 atmosphere were explored by isoconversional method. It indicated that the complex processes were controlled by the diffusion of gas—solid or solid―solid first, followed by parallel competing reactions. Finally, the reaction residues between coal and pure CaSO4 with different mole ratios were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS).
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234067

[article] Reaction mechanism of coal chemical looping process for syngas production with CaSO4 oxygen carrier in the CO2 atmosphere [texte imprimé] / Yongzhuo Liu, Auteur ; Qingjie Guo, Auteur ; Yu Cheng, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10364-10373.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10364-10373

Mots-clés :	Carbon  dioxide  Production  Synthesis  gas  Coal  Reaction  mechanism
Résumé :	Chemical looping combustion process for gaseous and solid fuel has been investigated widely. Recently, particular attention is paid to syngas and hydrogen generation from natural gas or solid fuels. CaSO4 has been proved to be a promising oxygen carrier for the chemical looping process with the merit of low price and environmental friendliness. The reaction mechanism of coal and pure CaSO4 for syngas production in the CO2 atmosphere was investigated using the simultaneous thermal analyzer in this paper. First, the thermodynamic analysis of reaction between coal and CaSO4 with different mass ratios was carried out respectively in N2 and CO2 atmospheres. It predicted that the CO2 can promote the reactions, while the coal-CaSO4 mass ratios affected the fate of sulfurous gaseous species greatly. Subsequently, thermogravimetric experiments were conducted by the peak fitting technique. It concluded that the drying and pyrolysis of the coal were main reactions before 800 °C, while the complex reactions, including the reaction between CaSO4 and coal char, gasification of coal char, and the decomposition of CaSO4, occurred during 800―1100 °C. The reaction kinetics and types of the reaction between coal and CaSO4 for syngas in the CO2 atmosphere were explored by isoconversional method. It indicated that the complex processes were controlled by the diffusion of gas—solid or solid―solid first, followed by parallel competing reactions. Finally, the reaction residues between coal and pure CaSO4 with different mole ratios were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS).
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234067

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10354-10363

Titre :	Extraction of nickel from spent catalyst using biodegradable chelating agent EDDS
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Garima Chauhan, Auteur ; Kamal K. Pant, Auteur ; Krishna D. P. Nigam, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10354-10363
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Chelating  agent  Catalyst
Résumé :	Literature suggests that ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) has been proved as a successful chelating agent for the extraction of metals from soils and spent catalysts. EDTA, however, is quite persistent in the environment due to its low biodegradability, thus its use becomes a matter of environmental concern. Therefore, to minimize the potential environmental risks, a new chelating agent [S,S]-ethylene-diamine-disuccinic-acid ([S,S]-EDDS) can be considered as an environmentally benign substitute for EDTA due to its easy biodegradation capability. The present study focuses on the effectiveness of biodegradable chelating agent [S,S]-EDDS for extraction of nickel from the spent catalyst of fertilizer industry. Experiments were carried out in batch mode under reflux conditions and process design parameters were optimized to maximize the extraction efficiency. Ni extraction of 84% was attained at optimum reaction condition in one cycle run. Dechelation of Ni-EDDS complex was performed at pH 5 where more than 96% EDDS was recovered. Results of the present study were compared with the previously studied chelating agent EDTA at optimum reaction conditions reported in literature. It was observed that [S,S]-EDDS requires a narrower pH range as compared to EDTA for chelation-dechelation process. Thus milder reaction conditions were employed for metal extraction using EDDS which is favorable to select the material of construction of equipment, in addition to the added advantage of biodegradability. Kinetic study was also performed for the noncatalyzed extraction process using shrinking core model and the process was found to be diffusion controlled under experimental conditions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234066

[article] Extraction of nickel from spent catalyst using biodegradable chelating agent EDDS [texte imprimé] / Garima Chauhan, Auteur ; Kamal K. Pant, Auteur ; Krishna D. P. Nigam, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10354-10363.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10354-10363

Mots-clés :	Chelating  agent  Catalyst
Résumé :	Literature suggests that ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) has been proved as a successful chelating agent for the extraction of metals from soils and spent catalysts. EDTA, however, is quite persistent in the environment due to its low biodegradability, thus its use becomes a matter of environmental concern. Therefore, to minimize the potential environmental risks, a new chelating agent [S,S]-ethylene-diamine-disuccinic-acid ([S,S]-EDDS) can be considered as an environmentally benign substitute for EDTA due to its easy biodegradation capability. The present study focuses on the effectiveness of biodegradable chelating agent [S,S]-EDDS for extraction of nickel from the spent catalyst of fertilizer industry. Experiments were carried out in batch mode under reflux conditions and process design parameters were optimized to maximize the extraction efficiency. Ni extraction of 84% was attained at optimum reaction condition in one cycle run. Dechelation of Ni-EDDS complex was performed at pH 5 where more than 96% EDDS was recovered. Results of the present study were compared with the previously studied chelating agent EDTA at optimum reaction conditions reported in literature. It was observed that [S,S]-EDDS requires a narrower pH range as compared to EDTA for chelation-dechelation process. Thus milder reaction conditions were employed for metal extraction using EDDS which is favorable to select the material of construction of equipment, in addition to the added advantage of biodegradability. Kinetic study was also performed for the noncatalyzed extraction process using shrinking core model and the process was found to be diffusion controlled under experimental conditions.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234066

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10345-10353

Titre :	Nickel catalysts supported on barium hexaaluminate for enhanced CO methanation
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Jiajian Gao, Auteur ; Chunmiao Jia, Auteur ; Jing Li, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10345-10353
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Methanation  Catalyst  support
Résumé :	We report the preparation and characterization of Ni nanoparticles supported on barium hexaaluminate (BHA) as CO methanation catalysts for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG). BHA with a high thermal stability was synthesized by a coprecipitation method using aluminum nitrate, barium nitrate, and ammonium carbonate as the precursors. The Ni catalysts supported on the BHA support (Ni/BHA) were prepared by an impregnation method. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, O2 temperature-programmed oxidation, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize the samples. The CO methanation reaction was carried out at pressures of 0.1 and 3.0 MPa, weight hourly space velocities (WHSVs) of 30 000, 120 000, and 240 000 mL·g–1·h–1, with a H2/CO feed ratio of 3, and in the temperature range 300–600 °C. The results show that although the BHA support has a relatively low surface area, Ni/BHA catalysts displayed much higher activity than Al2O3-supported Ni catalysts (Ni/Al2O3) with a similar level of NiO loading even after high temperature hydrothermal treatment. Nearly 100% CO conversion and 90% CH4 yield were achieved over Ni/BHA (NiO, 10 wt %) at 400 °C, 3.0 MPa, and a WHSV of 30 000 mL·g–1·h–1. Long time testing indicates that, compared to Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, Ni/BHA is more stable and is highly resistant to carbon deposition. The superior catalytic performance of the Ni/BHA catalyst is probably related to the relatively larger Ni particle size (20–40 nm), the high thermal stability of BHA support with nonacidic nature, and moderate Ni–BHA interaction. The work demonstrates BHA would be a promising alternative support for the efficient Ni catalysts to SNG production.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234065

[article] Nickel catalysts supported on barium hexaaluminate for enhanced CO methanation [texte imprimé] / Jiajian Gao, Auteur ; Chunmiao Jia, Auteur ; Jing Li, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10345-10353.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10345-10353

Mots-clés :	Methanation  Catalyst  support
Résumé :	We report the preparation and characterization of Ni nanoparticles supported on barium hexaaluminate (BHA) as CO methanation catalysts for the production of synthetic natural gas (SNG). BHA with a high thermal stability was synthesized by a coprecipitation method using aluminum nitrate, barium nitrate, and ammonium carbonate as the precursors. The Ni catalysts supported on the BHA support (Ni/BHA) were prepared by an impregnation method. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, O2 temperature-programmed oxidation, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to characterize the samples. The CO methanation reaction was carried out at pressures of 0.1 and 3.0 MPa, weight hourly space velocities (WHSVs) of 30 000, 120 000, and 240 000 mL·g–1·h–1, with a H2/CO feed ratio of 3, and in the temperature range 300–600 °C. The results show that although the BHA support has a relatively low surface area, Ni/BHA catalysts displayed much higher activity than Al2O3-supported Ni catalysts (Ni/Al2O3) with a similar level of NiO loading even after high temperature hydrothermal treatment. Nearly 100% CO conversion and 90% CH4 yield were achieved over Ni/BHA (NiO, 10 wt %) at 400 °C, 3.0 MPa, and a WHSV of 30 000 mL·g–1·h–1. Long time testing indicates that, compared to Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, Ni/BHA is more stable and is highly resistant to carbon deposition. The superior catalytic performance of the Ni/BHA catalyst is probably related to the relatively larger Ni particle size (20–40 nm), the high thermal stability of BHA support with nonacidic nature, and moderate Ni–BHA interaction. The work demonstrates BHA would be a promising alternative support for the efficient Ni catalysts to SNG production.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234065

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10338–10344

Titre :	Model for degradation of galactoglucomannan in hot water extraction conditions
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Juha A. Visuri, Auteur ; Tao Song, Auteur ; Susanna Kuitunen, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10338–10344
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Hot  water  Modeling
Résumé :	A kinetic analysis is presented for the homogeneous degradation of galactoglucomannan (GGM) in hot water extraction conditions. In the experiments used for constructing the kinetic model, GGM extracted from spruce wood meal was treated at temperatures from 150 to 170 °C and in buffered pH 3.8―4.2. The hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in GGM was modeled as a random process which is catalyzed by hydrogen ions. The real hydrogen ion concentration at the reaction temperatures was estimated. The Arrhenius equation was used to describe the temperature dependence of the hydrolysis rate and an activation energy of 102 kj/mol was obtained for the reaction. The presented model predicts accurately the evolution of the molecular weight distribution with lower computational load than other similar models.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234064

[article] Model for degradation of galactoglucomannan in hot water extraction conditions [texte imprimé] / Juha A. Visuri, Auteur ; Tao Song, Auteur ; Susanna Kuitunen, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10338–10344.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10338–10344

Mots-clés :	Hot  water  Modeling
Résumé :	A kinetic analysis is presented for the homogeneous degradation of galactoglucomannan (GGM) in hot water extraction conditions. In the experiments used for constructing the kinetic model, GGM extracted from spruce wood meal was treated at temperatures from 150 to 170 °C and in buffered pH 3.8―4.2. The hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in GGM was modeled as a random process which is catalyzed by hydrogen ions. The real hydrogen ion concentration at the reaction temperatures was estimated. The Arrhenius equation was used to describe the temperature dependence of the hydrolysis rate and an activation energy of 102 kj/mol was obtained for the reaction. The presented model predicts accurately the evolution of the molecular weight distribution with lower computational load than other similar models.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234064

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10327–10337

Titre :	Oxy - fuel combustion modeling : Performance of global reaction mechanisms
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Stefan Hjartstam, Auteur ; Fredrik Normann, Auteur ; Klas Andersson, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10327–10337
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Reaction  mechanism  Modeling  Combustion  Fuel
Résumé :	Three global reaction mechanisms derived for oxy-fuel combustion and one global reference mechanism are investigated and compared under gaseous oxy-fuel combustion conditions. The aim is to evaluate their prediction of major in-flame species and temperature by comparison with a detailed reaction mechanism (validated for oxy-fuel conditions) and experimental data. The evaluation is performed using a 1D plug flow reactor (PFR) method and 3D CFD calculations. Through the PFR calculations, it is found that the global mechanisms all predict a too early onset of fuel oxidation compared to the detailed mechanism. Furthermore, the global reference mechanism predicts gas concentrations more in line with the detailed mechanism than the oxy-fuel mechanisms, which yield incorrect reaction sequences. In the CFD analysis, significant differences in the predicted gas concentrations and temperature fields between the global mechanisms show that the choice of reaction mechanism strongly influences the results. In summary, the global reference mechanism is a preferable alternative to represent the combustion chemistry when modeling oxy-fuel combustion using CFD, if the use of a detailed reaction mechanism is prohibited due to computational limitations.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234063

[article] Oxy - fuel combustion modeling : Performance of global reaction mechanisms [texte imprimé] / Stefan Hjartstam, Auteur ; Fredrik Normann, Auteur ; Klas Andersson, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10327–10337.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10327–10337

Mots-clés :	Reaction  mechanism  Modeling  Combustion  Fuel
Résumé :	Three global reaction mechanisms derived for oxy-fuel combustion and one global reference mechanism are investigated and compared under gaseous oxy-fuel combustion conditions. The aim is to evaluate their prediction of major in-flame species and temperature by comparison with a detailed reaction mechanism (validated for oxy-fuel conditions) and experimental data. The evaluation is performed using a 1D plug flow reactor (PFR) method and 3D CFD calculations. Through the PFR calculations, it is found that the global mechanisms all predict a too early onset of fuel oxidation compared to the detailed mechanism. Furthermore, the global reference mechanism predicts gas concentrations more in line with the detailed mechanism than the oxy-fuel mechanisms, which yield incorrect reaction sequences. In the CFD analysis, significant differences in the predicted gas concentrations and temperature fields between the global mechanisms show that the choice of reaction mechanism strongly influences the results. In summary, the global reference mechanism is a preferable alternative to represent the combustion chemistry when modeling oxy-fuel combustion using CFD, if the use of a detailed reaction mechanism is prohibited due to computational limitations.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234063

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10320-10326

Titre :	Investigation on pyrolysis of microalgae botryococcus braunii and hapalosiphon sp.
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Yong-Qiang Liu, Auteur ; Lingo R. X. Lim, Auteur ; Jin Wang, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10320-10326
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Pyrolysis
Résumé :	In this study, the thermochemical characteristics of two types of microalgae, namely Hapalosiphon sp. and Botryococcus braunii, were investigated by use of a thermogravimetric analyzer. The low calorific value of Hapalosiphon sp. was 14.75 MJ kg―1, which is dose to that of sewage sludge or lignocellulosic biomass. However, the low calorific value of B. braunii was as high as 35.58 MJ kg―1 due to 89% of total C and H contents in biomass. Pyrolytic results indicated that the two microalgae had similar pyrolytic temperature ranges. In addition, with increased heating rates, the pyrolytic curves of the microalgae shifted to a higher temperature. However, derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) profiles of the two microalgae are distinct, which showed that different reactions were involved in the pyrolysis process. Hapalosiphon sp. has a lower mean activation energy than B. braunii in the pyrolysis process.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234062

[article] Investigation on pyrolysis of microalgae botryococcus braunii and hapalosiphon sp. [texte imprimé] / Yong-Qiang Liu, Auteur ; Lingo R. X. Lim, Auteur ; Jin Wang, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10320-10326.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10320-10326

Mots-clés :	Pyrolysis
Résumé :	In this study, the thermochemical characteristics of two types of microalgae, namely Hapalosiphon sp. and Botryococcus braunii, were investigated by use of a thermogravimetric analyzer. The low calorific value of Hapalosiphon sp. was 14.75 MJ kg―1, which is dose to that of sewage sludge or lignocellulosic biomass. However, the low calorific value of B. braunii was as high as 35.58 MJ kg―1 due to 89% of total C and H contents in biomass. Pyrolytic results indicated that the two microalgae had similar pyrolytic temperature ranges. In addition, with increased heating rates, the pyrolytic curves of the microalgae shifted to a higher temperature. However, derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) profiles of the two microalgae are distinct, which showed that different reactions were involved in the pyrolysis process. Hapalosiphon sp. has a lower mean activation energy than B. braunii in the pyrolysis process.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234062

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10313-10319

Titre :	Preparation of a research jet fuel composition comprised of nearly exclusively methyl - branched tetradecane isomers having a freezing point below - 47 °C
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Heinz J. Robota, Auteur ; Jhoanna C. Alger, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10313-10319
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Freezing  Isomer  Fuel  Preparation
Résumé :	The potential for a variety of biologically derived alternative aviation fuels continues to be investigated. The composition of some of these potential fuels contains only a limited number of isomers of only one carbon number. These types of alternative fuels fail the distillation distribution specification in current use. However, it is unclear whether this has actual impact on in-use performance if such an alternative blendstock were used to make a 50/50 alternative/petroleum blend. In order to investigate this question further, the U.S. Air Force seeks a generic surrogate research fuel comprised of isomers of tetradecane that meet the ―47 °C freezing point specihcation of JP-8. We describe our laboratory investigation of a strategy for preparing such an isomer mixture while remaining mindful of the desire to scale the procedures for making hundreds of gallons of such a fuel. We start with a commercially available 1-tetradecene, hydrogenate the olefin to n-tetradecane, which is then hydroisomerized using a Pt/US-Y zeolite catalyst, and the raw tetradecane mixture is separated from cracked products by distillation. In order for the isomeric mixture to meet the freezing point specification, the remaining n-tetradecane content must be reduced to <1.5%. We describe a solvent dewaxing approach that achieves this goal.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234061

[article] Preparation of a research jet fuel composition comprised of nearly exclusively methyl - branched tetradecane isomers having a freezing point below - 47 °C [texte imprimé] / Heinz J. Robota, Auteur ; Jhoanna C. Alger, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10313-10319.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10313-10319

Mots-clés :	Freezing  Isomer  Fuel  Preparation
Résumé :	The potential for a variety of biologically derived alternative aviation fuels continues to be investigated. The composition of some of these potential fuels contains only a limited number of isomers of only one carbon number. These types of alternative fuels fail the distillation distribution specification in current use. However, it is unclear whether this has actual impact on in-use performance if such an alternative blendstock were used to make a 50/50 alternative/petroleum blend. In order to investigate this question further, the U.S. Air Force seeks a generic surrogate research fuel comprised of isomers of tetradecane that meet the ―47 °C freezing point specihcation of JP-8. We describe our laboratory investigation of a strategy for preparing such an isomer mixture while remaining mindful of the desire to scale the procedures for making hundreds of gallons of such a fuel. We start with a commercially available 1-tetradecene, hydrogenate the olefin to n-tetradecane, which is then hydroisomerized using a Pt/US-Y zeolite catalyst, and the raw tetradecane mixture is separated from cracked products by distillation. In order for the isomeric mixture to meet the freezing point specification, the remaining n-tetradecane content must be reduced to <1.5%. We describe a solvent dewaxing approach that achieves this goal.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234061

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10307-10312

Titre :	Controllable synthesis of Bi2WO6 nanofibrous mat by electrospinning and enhanced visible photocatalytic degradation performances
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Gang Zhao, Auteur ; Suwen Liu, Auteur ; Qifang Lu, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10307-10312
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Photochemical  degradation
Résumé :	Bi2WO6 nanofibrous mat has been successfully synthesized by a simple electrospinning process. TG-DTA, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and UV―visible diffuse reflectance spectra were used to characterize the mat. The results indicated that the mat was composed of one-dimensional nanofibers, whose diameter was about 300 nm. The one-dimensional nanofibers consisted of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles with diameter 112 nm. Also, the Bi2WO6 nanofibrous mat exhibited excellent visible photocatalytic property in the photodegradation of methylene blue. Meanwhile, the photocatalyst synthesized by electrospinning is helpful for separation and recycling. What's more, the preparation method is suitable for large-scale commercial production. So, the work has great application value in the future.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234060

[article] Controllable synthesis of Bi2WO6 nanofibrous mat by electrospinning and enhanced visible photocatalytic degradation performances [texte imprimé] / Gang Zhao, Auteur ; Suwen Liu, Auteur ; Qifang Lu, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10307-10312.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10307-10312

Mots-clés :	Photochemical  degradation
Résumé :	Bi2WO6 nanofibrous mat has been successfully synthesized by a simple electrospinning process. TG-DTA, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and UV―visible diffuse reflectance spectra were used to characterize the mat. The results indicated that the mat was composed of one-dimensional nanofibers, whose diameter was about 300 nm. The one-dimensional nanofibers consisted of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles with diameter 112 nm. Also, the Bi2WO6 nanofibrous mat exhibited excellent visible photocatalytic property in the photodegradation of methylene blue. Meanwhile, the photocatalyst synthesized by electrospinning is helpful for separation and recycling. What's more, the preparation method is suitable for large-scale commercial production. So, the work has great application value in the future.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234060

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10296-10306

Titre :	Hydroformylation of 1 - dodecene in the thermomorphic solvent system dimethylformamide/decane. phase behavior – reaction performance – catalyst recycling
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	Elisabeth Schafer, Auteur ; Yvonne Brunsch, Auteur ; Gabriele Sadowski, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10296-10306
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Recycling  Catalyst
Résumé :	An economically meaningful hydroformylation of long-chain olefins requires an efficient combination of both a high-yield reaction step and efficient catalyst recycling. The application of thermomorphic multicomponent solvent (TMS) systems allows for optimal reaction as well as catalyst-recycling conditions. In this work, the TMS concept was applied to the homogeneously rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-dodecene in the TMS system dimethylformamide (DMF)/decane using Rh(acac)(CO)2/Biphephos as the catalyst system. Thermodynamic investigations focused on the influence of the olefin (hydroformulation educt) and the aldehyde (hydroformylation product) on the phase behavior of the TMS system. Temperature dependent liquid―liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured for the binary systems DMF/decane and DMF/1-dodecene and for the ternary systems DMF/decane/1-dodecene and DMF/decane/dodecanal. Additionally, the corresponding LLE data were modeled applying the Perturbed Chain Polar Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PCP-SAFT) using a heterosegmented approach for modeling the long-chain aldehyde. On the basis of the LLE data, adequate working points for hydroformylation experiments in the TMS system were selected. In these experiments, aldehyde yields of up to 87% with an n/iso ratio of up to 99:1 were achieved. Moreover, the TMS system was successfully applied to catalyst recycling in eight recycling runs with a catalyst leaching of 7 ppm rhodium at lowest.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234059

[article] Hydroformylation of 1 - dodecene in the thermomorphic solvent system dimethylformamide/decane. phase behavior – reaction performance – catalyst recycling [texte imprimé] / Elisabeth Schafer, Auteur ; Yvonne Brunsch, Auteur ; Gabriele Sadowski, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10296-10306.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10296-10306

Mots-clés :	Recycling  Catalyst
Résumé :	An economically meaningful hydroformylation of long-chain olefins requires an efficient combination of both a high-yield reaction step and efficient catalyst recycling. The application of thermomorphic multicomponent solvent (TMS) systems allows for optimal reaction as well as catalyst-recycling conditions. In this work, the TMS concept was applied to the homogeneously rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of 1-dodecene in the TMS system dimethylformamide (DMF)/decane using Rh(acac)(CO)2/Biphephos as the catalyst system. Thermodynamic investigations focused on the influence of the olefin (hydroformulation educt) and the aldehyde (hydroformylation product) on the phase behavior of the TMS system. Temperature dependent liquid―liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were measured for the binary systems DMF/decane and DMF/1-dodecene and for the ternary systems DMF/decane/1-dodecene and DMF/decane/dodecanal. Additionally, the corresponding LLE data were modeled applying the Perturbed Chain Polar Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PCP-SAFT) using a heterosegmented approach for modeling the long-chain aldehyde. On the basis of the LLE data, adequate working points for hydroformylation experiments in the TMS system were selected. In these experiments, aldehyde yields of up to 87% with an n/iso ratio of up to 99:1 were achieved. Moreover, the TMS system was successfully applied to catalyst recycling in eight recycling runs with a catalyst leaching of 7 ppm rhodium at lowest.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234059

[article] 
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10287-10295

Titre :	Voltammetric determination of diclofenac sodium using tyrosine - modified carbon paste electrode
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Auteurs :	B. K. Chethana, Auteur ; S. Basavanna, Auteur ; Y. Arthoba Naik, Auteur
Année de publication :	2012
Article en page(s) :	pp. 10287-10295
Note générale :	Industrial chemistry
Langues :	Anglais (eng)
Mots-clés :	Electrodes
Résumé :	The oxidative behavior of diclofenac sodium (DCF) has been investigated by cyclic voltammetric and differential pulse voltammetric techniques, using a Tyrosine-modified carbon paste electrode (TCPE). Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the influence of pH on the anodic peak current of DCF. The solution conditions and operating parameters were optimized. The phosphate buffer (PBS) of pH 7.0 was selected as a suitable analytical medium in which DCF exhibited a sensitive diffusion-controlled oxidative peak at 0.67 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The peak current varied linearly with DCF concentration in the range between 10 μM and 140 μM with a detection limit of 3.28 μM. The applicability of the proposed method was illustrated by the determination of DCF present in pharmaceutical samples and human urine samples. A mean recovery of DCF in the tablet was 99.5%, with a relative standard deviation of 1.15%.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234058

[article] Voltammetric determination of diclofenac sodium using tyrosine - modified carbon paste electrode [texte imprimé] / B. K. Chethana, Auteur ; S. Basavanna, Auteur ; Y. Arthoba Naik, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 10287-10295.
Industrial chemistry
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol.51 N° 31 (Août 2012) . - pp. 10287-10295

Mots-clés :	Electrodes
Résumé :	The oxidative behavior of diclofenac sodium (DCF) has been investigated by cyclic voltammetric and differential pulse voltammetric techniques, using a Tyrosine-modified carbon paste electrode (TCPE). Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the influence of pH on the anodic peak current of DCF. The solution conditions and operating parameters were optimized. The phosphate buffer (PBS) of pH 7.0 was selected as a suitable analytical medium in which DCF exhibited a sensitive diffusion-controlled oxidative peak at 0.67 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The peak current varied linearly with DCF concentration in the range between 10 μM and 140 μM with a detection limit of 3.28 μM. The applicability of the proposed method was illustrated by the determination of DCF present in pharmaceutical samples and human urine samples. A mean recovery of DCF in the tablet was 99.5%, with a relative standard deviation of 1.15%.
ISSN :	0888-5885
En ligne :	http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26234058