Dépouillements

A formal ontology of knowing and knowledge / Pawel Garbacz in Knowledge management research and practice, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 206–226 Titre : A formal ontology of knowing and knowledge Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Pawel Garbacz, Auteur ; Piotr Kulicki, Auteur ; Robert Trypuz, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 206–226 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Knowledge  Applied  ontology  Knowledge  management  Formalisation Résumé : The paper presents a formalisation of one of the leading ontologies in Knowledge Management by the name of Formal Knowledge Management Ontology. After elaborating why the latter ontology is not a formal ontology in the sense of logic and how it might benefit from being logic-based, we detail a logical theory Formalised Formal Knowledge Management Ontology (F2KMO) that incorporates its main ideas and tenets. In particular, we specify the primitive, that is, undefined terms we assume, the axioms whose role is to fix the meanings of those terms, and a number of definitions that correspond to the definitions one may find in the latest exposition of Formal Knowledge Management Ontology. We show that F2KMO is consistent and prove its usefulness by defining the logical schema of a database based on the theory. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201216a.html [article] A formal ontology of knowing and knowledge [texte imprimé] / Pawel Garbacz, Auteur ; Piotr Kulicki, Auteur ; Robert Trypuz, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 206–226. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 206–226 Mots-clés : Knowledge  Applied  ontology  Knowledge  management  Formalisation Résumé : The paper presents a formalisation of one of the leading ontologies in Knowledge Management by the name of Formal Knowledge Management Ontology. After elaborating why the latter ontology is not a formal ontology in the sense of logic and how it might benefit from being logic-based, we detail a logical theory Formalised Formal Knowledge Management Ontology (F2KMO) that incorporates its main ideas and tenets. In particular, we specify the primitive, that is, undefined terms we assume, the axioms whose role is to fix the meanings of those terms, and a number of definitions that correspond to the definitions one may find in the latest exposition of Formal Knowledge Management Ontology. We show that F2KMO is consistent and prove its usefulness by defining the logical schema of a database based on the theory. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201216a.html

Knowledge objects / Stefano Borgo in Knowledge management research and practice, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 227–236 Titre : Knowledge objects : A formal construct for material, information and role dependences Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Stefano Borgo, Auteur ; Giandomenico Pozza, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 227–236 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Knowledge  object  Ontology  Knowledge  management  Knowledge  and  information Résumé : Information technology has embraced the ontological approach to expand its capacity to deal with knowledge of different kinds. The subsequent combination of formal concerns and philosophical considerations has led to the development of new knowledge systems that rely on foundational distinctions of entity type such as object, process, property and role. This change has attracted attention to the distinction between types of entity in the enterprise. The result is a compartmentalisation of the information, which, although well motivated and technically fruitful, is not always optimal for knowledge management (KM) tasks where one aims at an integrated view of information. This paper focuses on the notion of knowledge object understood as a formal construct for knowledge modelling and KM systems. The approach starts from formal and ontological analysis with an eye to modelling knowledge at large. The paper motivates the introduction of a notion of knowledge object as a new type of entity that emerges from the explicit interaction of material entities, information entities and roles within an enterprise. The main goals of this work are: to discuss the capacity of knowledge objects to tie knowledge and roles in an (enterprise) context; to model aspects of enterprise knowledge that escape standard ontological approaches; and to describe knowledge objects as a conceptual tool that can be integrated within existing formal systems. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201217a.html [article] Knowledge objects : A formal construct for material, information and role dependences [texte imprimé] / Stefano Borgo, Auteur ; Giandomenico Pozza, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 227–236. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 227–236 Mots-clés : Knowledge  object  Ontology  Knowledge  management  Knowledge  and  information Résumé : Information technology has embraced the ontological approach to expand its capacity to deal with knowledge of different kinds. The subsequent combination of formal concerns and philosophical considerations has led to the development of new knowledge systems that rely on foundational distinctions of entity type such as object, process, property and role. This change has attracted attention to the distinction between types of entity in the enterprise. The result is a compartmentalisation of the information, which, although well motivated and technically fruitful, is not always optimal for knowledge management (KM) tasks where one aims at an integrated view of information. This paper focuses on the notion of knowledge object understood as a formal construct for knowledge modelling and KM systems. The approach starts from formal and ontological analysis with an eye to modelling knowledge at large. The paper motivates the introduction of a notion of knowledge object as a new type of entity that emerges from the explicit interaction of material entities, information entities and roles within an enterprise. The main goals of this work are: to discuss the capacity of knowledge objects to tie knowledge and roles in an (enterprise) context; to model aspects of enterprise knowledge that escape standard ontological approaches; and to describe knowledge objects as a conceptual tool that can be integrated within existing formal systems. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201217a.html

Managing technological knowledge for supporting R&D activities / Byungun Yoon in Knowledge management research and practice, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 237–251 Titre : Managing technological knowledge for supporting R&D activities : Scientometrics-based approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Byungun Yoon, Auteur ; Sungjoo Lee, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 237–251 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Science  and  technology  policy  Technological  knowledge  Scientometrics  Portfolio  development Résumé : Recently, scientometrics, a representative quantitative method using explicit technological knowledge from large technological databases is highlighted to overcome the shortcomings of existing qualitative methods in knowledge management of science and technology. However, scientometrics has not been properly applied to technological knowledge due to a lack of recognition as to which one among a variety of methods should be employed in an analytic situation. Thus, this paper aims to propose a portfolio of scientometrics methodologies to provide a framework in analysing technological knowledge and enhance the utilization of scientometrics in conducting R&D activities by investigating practical cases thereof. For this, the definitions and types of technological knowledge for planning R&D activities are presented as a knowledge object, and a list of scientometrics methodologies on technological knowledge is compiled to grasp a complete set of possible methodologies through literature survey. In addition, a scientometrics portfolio is developed by aggregating the matching tables of methodologies, technological knowledge and application objectives of the practical cases that scientometrics are applied to examine R&D activities and implement S&T policies. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201218a.html [article] Managing technological knowledge for supporting R&D activities : Scientometrics-based approach [texte imprimé] / Byungun Yoon, Auteur ; Sungjoo Lee, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 237–251. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 237–251 Mots-clés : Science  and  technology  policy  Technological  knowledge  Scientometrics  Portfolio  development Résumé : Recently, scientometrics, a representative quantitative method using explicit technological knowledge from large technological databases is highlighted to overcome the shortcomings of existing qualitative methods in knowledge management of science and technology. However, scientometrics has not been properly applied to technological knowledge due to a lack of recognition as to which one among a variety of methods should be employed in an analytic situation. Thus, this paper aims to propose a portfolio of scientometrics methodologies to provide a framework in analysing technological knowledge and enhance the utilization of scientometrics in conducting R&D activities by investigating practical cases thereof. For this, the definitions and types of technological knowledge for planning R&D activities are presented as a knowledge object, and a list of scientometrics methodologies on technological knowledge is compiled to grasp a complete set of possible methodologies through literature survey. In addition, a scientometrics portfolio is developed by aggregating the matching tables of methodologies, technological knowledge and application objectives of the practical cases that scientometrics are applied to examine R&D activities and implement S&T policies. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201218a.html

Patterns as objects to manage knowledge in software development organizations / Diego Martín in Knowledge management research and practice, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 252–274 Titre : Patterns as objects to manage knowledge in software development organizations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Diego Martín, Auteur ; Javier García Guzmán, Auteur ; Julián Urbano, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 252–274 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Knowledge  objects  Knowledge  management  strategy  Knowledge  management  practice  Process  patterns  Software  development  organizations  Case  study Résumé : The application of knowledge management strategies is essential to solve several process improvement problems in software engineering organizations. In this area, the definition and use of process patterns is an approach that several authors have extensively discussed. Nevertheless, one of the problems is the difficulty of formalizing the knowledge about the development process using patterns. This article presents the sdPP (Software Development Project Pattern) to support the management of knowledge objects that encapsulate information about the recommended practices to develop specific software projects, including explicit and tacit knowledge on software engineering effective practices. The proposal comprises a data model to define the sdPPs as knowledge objects and a tool to manage their life cycle. The authors carried out an experimental validation where 48 junior software engineers applied the sdPP framework. From the results obtained, we discuss the factors that facilitate the correct creation of sdPPs and the improvement of software product quality using the sdPP proposal. We also analyse the effort to implement the sdPP proposal to introduce knowledge management practices in software development projects and determine usefulness of the knowledge assets to adapt the sdPP framework for effective knowledge sharing in software engineering organizations. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201215a.html [article] Patterns as objects to manage knowledge in software development organizations [texte imprimé] / Diego Martín, Auteur ; Javier García Guzmán, Auteur ; Julián Urbano, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 252–274. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 252–274 Mots-clés : Knowledge  objects  Knowledge  management  strategy  Knowledge  management  practice  Process  patterns  Software  development  organizations  Case  study Résumé : The application of knowledge management strategies is essential to solve several process improvement problems in software engineering organizations. In this area, the definition and use of process patterns is an approach that several authors have extensively discussed. Nevertheless, one of the problems is the difficulty of formalizing the knowledge about the development process using patterns. This article presents the sdPP (Software Development Project Pattern) to support the management of knowledge objects that encapsulate information about the recommended practices to develop specific software projects, including explicit and tacit knowledge on software engineering effective practices. The proposal comprises a data model to define the sdPPs as knowledge objects and a tool to manage their life cycle. The authors carried out an experimental validation where 48 junior software engineers applied the sdPP framework. From the results obtained, we discuss the factors that facilitate the correct creation of sdPPs and the improvement of software product quality using the sdPP proposal. We also analyse the effort to implement the sdPP proposal to introduce knowledge management practices in software development projects and determine usefulness of the knowledge assets to adapt the sdPP framework for effective knowledge sharing in software engineering organizations. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201215a.html

Knowledge as a measurable object in business contexts / Ettore Bolisani in Knowledge management research and practice, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 275–286 Titre : Knowledge as a measurable object in business contexts : A stock-and-flow approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ettore Bolisani, Auteur ; Alessandro Oltramari, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 275–286 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Knowledge  accounting  Knowledge  measurement  Knowledge  stocks  Knowledge  flows  Knowledge  objects  Accounting  system Résumé : This paper addresses the issue of knowledge accounting in business contexts. Despite the efforts of researchers and practitioners, the approaches that have been proposed are different, have several limitations, and their soundness and usefulness have been questioned. Moving from a critical review of the state-of-the art of the methods of knowledge accounting already proposed in the knowledge management literature, the paper illustrates an approach to account for knowledge based on a recognition and measurement of knowledge objects flowing from the stocks of different economic players. This approach can allow a measurement of knowledge generated, possessed, and exchanged by companies, based on charts and indicators similar to those employed in traditional accounting. This can improve the interpretation and comparability of economic measures of knowledge in different business cases and over time. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201213a.html [article] Knowledge as a measurable object in business contexts : A stock-and-flow approach [texte imprimé] / Ettore Bolisani, Auteur ; Alessandro Oltramari, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 275–286. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 275–286 Mots-clés : Knowledge  accounting  Knowledge  measurement  Knowledge  stocks  Knowledge  flows  Knowledge  objects  Accounting  system Résumé : This paper addresses the issue of knowledge accounting in business contexts. Despite the efforts of researchers and practitioners, the approaches that have been proposed are different, have several limitations, and their soundness and usefulness have been questioned. Moving from a critical review of the state-of-the art of the methods of knowledge accounting already proposed in the knowledge management literature, the paper illustrates an approach to account for knowledge based on a recognition and measurement of knowledge objects flowing from the stocks of different economic players. This approach can allow a measurement of knowledge generated, possessed, and exchanged by companies, based on charts and indicators similar to those employed in traditional accounting. This can improve the interpretation and comparability of economic measures of knowledge in different business cases and over time. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp201213a.html

Managing large amounts of knowledge objects / Antonella Padova in Knowledge management research and practice, Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 287–295 Titre : Managing large amounts of knowledge objects : Cognitive and organisational problems Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Antonella Padova, Auteur ; Enrico Scarso, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 287–295 Note générale : Management Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Explicit  knowledge  Knowledge  sharing  Repositories  Large  organisations  Case-study Résumé : The process of knowledge objectification entails several advantages in terms of capitalising the owned knowledge, facilitating its localisation, retrieval and reuse, establishing a common cognitive base and so on. However, the management of knowledge objects is far from simple, especially in the case of large organisations with an extensive and dispersed production of knowledge objects. In principle, this issue seems to have a simple solution, that is, merging the various cognitive bases in a single one. In practice this raises several questions, both on the technical-cognitive and the organisational side. The paper deals with this topic, by discussing the case of Ernst & Young that three years ago started a project aimed at developing a global knowledge platform. In particular, it intends to identify and discuss the main problems (and possible solutions) raised by the management of large amounts of knowledge objects scattered in different parts of the organisation. In addition, it aims to show how a codification, technology-based approach to knowledge management cannot be successfully pursued without taking into account the relevant social and organisational aspects. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp20127a.html [article] Managing large amounts of knowledge objects : Cognitive and organisational problems [texte imprimé] / Antonella Padova, Auteur ; Enrico Scarso, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 287–295. Management Langues : Anglais (eng) in Knowledge management research and practice > Vol. 10 N° 3 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 287–295 Mots-clés : Explicit  knowledge  Knowledge  sharing  Repositories  Large  organisations  Case-study Résumé : The process of knowledge objectification entails several advantages in terms of capitalising the owned knowledge, facilitating its localisation, retrieval and reuse, establishing a common cognitive base and so on. However, the management of knowledge objects is far from simple, especially in the case of large organisations with an extensive and dispersed production of knowledge objects. In principle, this issue seems to have a simple solution, that is, merging the various cognitive bases in a single one. In practice this raises several questions, both on the technical-cognitive and the organisational side. The paper deals with this topic, by discussing the case of Ernst & Young that three years ago started a project aimed at developing a global knowledge platform. In particular, it intends to identify and discuss the main problems (and possible solutions) raised by the management of large amounts of knowledge objects scattered in different parts of the organisation. In addition, it aims to show how a codification, technology-based approach to knowledge management cannot be successfully pursued without taking into account the relevant social and organisational aspects. ISSN : 1477-8238 En ligne : http://www.palgrave-journals.com/kmrp/journal/v10/n3/abs/kmrp20127a.html

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