Dépouillements

Safety of atmospheric storage tanks during accidental explosions / E. Noret in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 998-1022 Titre : Safety of atmospheric storage tanks during accidental explosions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : E. Noret, Auteur ; G. Prod'homme, Auteur ; T. Yalamas, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 998-1022 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : Domino  effect  Blast  Impact  Atmospheric  tank  Reliability  sensitivity  analysis Résumé : The occurrence of a chain reaction from blast on atmospheric storage tanks in oil and chemical facilities is hard to predict. The current French practice for SEVESO facilities ignores projectiles and assumes a critical peak overpressure value observed from accident data. This method could lead to conservative or dangerous assessments. This study presents various simple mechanical models to facilitate quick effective assessment of risk analysis, the results of which are compared with the current practice. The damage modes are based on experience of the most recent accidents in France. Uncertainty propagation methods are used in order to evaluate the sensitivity and the failure probability of global tank models for a selection of overpressure signatures. The current work makes use of these evaluations to demonstrate the importance of a dynamic analysis to study domino effects in accidents. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699740 [article] Safety of atmospheric storage tanks during accidental explosions [texte imprimé] / E. Noret, Auteur ; G. Prod'homme, Auteur ; T. Yalamas, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 998-1022. Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 998-1022 Mots-clés : Domino  effect  Blast  Impact  Atmospheric  tank  Reliability  sensitivity  analysis Résumé : The occurrence of a chain reaction from blast on atmospheric storage tanks in oil and chemical facilities is hard to predict. The current French practice for SEVESO facilities ignores projectiles and assumes a critical peak overpressure value observed from accident data. This method could lead to conservative or dangerous assessments. This study presents various simple mechanical models to facilitate quick effective assessment of risk analysis, the results of which are compared with the current practice. The damage modes are based on experience of the most recent accidents in France. Uncertainty propagation methods are used in order to evaluate the sensitivity and the failure probability of global tank models for a selection of overpressure signatures. The current work makes use of these evaluations to demonstrate the importance of a dynamic analysis to study domino effects in accidents. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699740

Response of a tank under blast loading -- part I / D.H. Duong in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1023-1041 Titre : Response of a tank under blast loading -- part I : Experimental characterisation of blast loading arising from a gas explosion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D.H. Duong, Auteur ; J.L. Hanus, Auteur ; L. Bouazaoui, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1023-1041 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : Blast  load  Shock  wave  Dynamic  Buckling  Cylinder  Simplified  analysis  Numerical  methods Résumé : In explosion--structure interaction problems such as the dynamic response of a cylindrical shell to a blast load, an accurate prediction of both blast loading and geometrical and/or material nonlinear structural response still remains a hard challenge. Furthermore, closed-form simplified analytical or semi-empirical models provide faster and more versatile tools of analysis. To assess the validity of simplified analytical models as reliable design tools and to check the conformity of numerical simulations, experimental studies are carried out at small scale to give benchmark results. A first study presents blast test results performed on rigid instrumented cylinders to quantify the loading in terms of time and space pressure distribution. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699741 [article] Response of a tank under blast loading -- part I : Experimental characterisation of blast loading arising from a gas explosion [texte imprimé] / D.H. Duong, Auteur ; J.L. Hanus, Auteur ; L. Bouazaoui, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1023-1041. Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1023-1041 Mots-clés : Blast  load  Shock  wave  Dynamic  Buckling  Cylinder  Simplified  analysis  Numerical  methods Résumé : In explosion--structure interaction problems such as the dynamic response of a cylindrical shell to a blast load, an accurate prediction of both blast loading and geometrical and/or material nonlinear structural response still remains a hard challenge. Furthermore, closed-form simplified analytical or semi-empirical models provide faster and more versatile tools of analysis. To assess the validity of simplified analytical models as reliable design tools and to check the conformity of numerical simulations, experimental studies are carried out at small scale to give benchmark results. A first study presents blast test results performed on rigid instrumented cylinders to quantify the loading in terms of time and space pressure distribution. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699741

Response of a tank under blast loading – part II / D.H. Duong in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1042-1057 Titre : Response of a tank under blast loading – part II : Experimental structural response and simplified analytical approach Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D.H. Duong, Auteur ; J.L. Hanus, Auteur ; L. Bouazaoui, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1042-1057 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : Blast  load  Dynamic  Buckling  Cylinder  P-I  diagrams  Numerical  methods  Reliability Résumé : The problem of dynamic buckling of thin cylindrical tanks subjected to an external blast caused by an accidental external gaseous detonation is studied in this paper. A study is performed on flexible cylinders at a reduced scale to quantify the structural response. Simplified semi-analytical models based on Donnell's equations and critical imperfection amplification thresholds are used to provide damage predictions. Numerical results are compared to experimental ones which shows a qualitative good agreement. Finally, a reliability analysis on a real atmospheric oil tank is performed and compared with damage diagrams in the form of pressure impulse curves and safety recommendations. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699743 [article] Response of a tank under blast loading – part II : Experimental structural response and simplified analytical approach [texte imprimé] / D.H. Duong, Auteur ; J.L. Hanus, Auteur ; L. Bouazaoui, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1042-1057. Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1042-1057 Mots-clés : Blast  load  Dynamic  Buckling  Cylinder  P-I  diagrams  Numerical  methods  Reliability Résumé : The problem of dynamic buckling of thin cylindrical tanks subjected to an external blast caused by an accidental external gaseous detonation is studied in this paper. A study is performed on flexible cylinders at a reduced scale to quantify the structural response. Simplified semi-analytical models based on Donnell's equations and critical imperfection amplification thresholds are used to provide damage predictions. Numerical results are compared to experimental ones which shows a qualitative good agreement. Finally, a reliability analysis on a real atmospheric oil tank is performed and compared with damage diagrams in the form of pressure impulse curves and safety recommendations. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699743

Soft projectile impacts analysis on thin reinforced concrete slabs / C. Pontiroli in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1058-1073 Titre : Soft projectile impacts analysis on thin reinforced concrete slabs : Tests, modelling and simulations Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Pontiroli, Auteur ; A. Rouquand, Auteur ; L. Daudeville, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1058-1073 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : Impact  Experiment  Concrete  model  Simulation Résumé : Numerical simulations of reinforced concrete structures subjected to high velocity impacts and explosions remain a difficult task today. For 10 years and more now, the CEA-Gramat has maintained a continuous research effort with the help of different French universities in order to overcome encountered difficulties in modelling the behaviour of concrete structures under severe loading. To get more data on aircraft impact problems and then validate numerical models, soft projectile impacts tests at small scale on thin reinforced concrete slabs has been carried out at CEA-Gramat. Numerical simulations of these tests have been carried out and compared with experimental results to validate our numerical approach. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699745 [article] Soft projectile impacts analysis on thin reinforced concrete slabs : Tests, modelling and simulations [texte imprimé] / C. Pontiroli, Auteur ; A. Rouquand, Auteur ; L. Daudeville, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1058-1073. Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1058-1073 Mots-clés : Impact  Experiment  Concrete  model  Simulation Résumé : Numerical simulations of reinforced concrete structures subjected to high velocity impacts and explosions remain a difficult task today. For 10 years and more now, the CEA-Gramat has maintained a continuous research effort with the help of different French universities in order to overcome encountered difficulties in modelling the behaviour of concrete structures under severe loading. To get more data on aircraft impact problems and then validate numerical models, soft projectile impacts tests at small scale on thin reinforced concrete slabs has been carried out at CEA-Gramat. Numerical simulations of these tests have been carried out and compared with experimental results to validate our numerical approach. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699745

About empirical models predicting the missile perforation of concrete barriers / J. Baroth in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1074-1089 Titre : About empirical models predicting the missile perforation of concrete barriers Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Baroth, Auteur ; L. Daudeville, Auteur ; Y. Malecot, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1074-1089 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : Soft  and  hard  impacts  Reinforced  concrete  Perforation Résumé : This paper deals with empirical formulae predicting the perforation of reinforced concrete barriers. These formulae are usually validated for hard impacts only. Consequently, on the one hand, a simple method is proposed in case of soft impacts. For various tests, experimental and model predictions of perforation show a good agreement. On the other hand, recent tests at the material scale show that the behaviour of concrete under high confinement does not depend on the unconfined compressive strength of concrete after 28 days, fc 28. Therefore analytical models based on fc 28 need to be considered with caution. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699746 [article] About empirical models predicting the missile perforation of concrete barriers [texte imprimé] / J. Baroth, Auteur ; L. Daudeville, Auteur ; Y. Malecot, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1074-1089. Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1074-1089 Mots-clés : Soft  and  hard  impacts  Reinforced  concrete  Perforation Résumé : This paper deals with empirical formulae predicting the perforation of reinforced concrete barriers. These formulae are usually validated for hard impacts only. Consequently, on the one hand, a simple method is proposed in case of soft impacts. For various tests, experimental and model predictions of perforation show a good agreement. On the other hand, recent tests at the material scale show that the behaviour of concrete under high confinement does not depend on the unconfined compressive strength of concrete after 28 days, fc 28. Therefore analytical models based on fc 28 need to be considered with caution. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699746

Advanced simulation of damage of reinforced concrete structures under impact / S. Potapov in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1090-1101 Titre : Advanced simulation of damage of reinforced concrete structures under impact Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : S. Potapov, Auteur ; V. Faucher, Auteur ; L. Daudeville, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1090-1101 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : Discrete  elements  Finite  elements  Coupling  Fast  dynamics  Parallelism Résumé : The efficiency of the discrete element method for studying the fracture of heterogeneous media has been demonstrated, but it is limited by the size of the computational model. A coupling between the discrete element and the finite element methods is proposed to handle the simulation of impacts on large structures. The structure is split into sub-domains in each of which the method of analysis is adapted to optimise the modelling of the structure behaviour under impact. The DEM takes naturally into account the discontinuities and is used to model the media in the impact zone. The remaining structure is modelled by the FEM. Proposed combined DE/FE algorithm is implemented in the EUROPLEXUS fast dynamics software and parallelised with MPI formalism. The efficiency of the EUROPLEXUS multi-domain MPI parallel version is tested. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699747 [article] Advanced simulation of damage of reinforced concrete structures under impact [texte imprimé] / S. Potapov, Auteur ; V. Faucher, Auteur ; L. Daudeville, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1090-1101. Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1090-1101 Mots-clés : Discrete  elements  Finite  elements  Coupling  Fast  dynamics  Parallelism Résumé : The efficiency of the discrete element method for studying the fracture of heterogeneous media has been demonstrated, but it is limited by the size of the computational model. A coupling between the discrete element and the finite element methods is proposed to handle the simulation of impacts on large structures. The structure is split into sub-domains in each of which the method of analysis is adapted to optimise the modelling of the structure behaviour under impact. The DEM takes naturally into account the discontinuities and is used to model the media in the impact zone. The remaining structure is modelled by the FEM. Proposed combined DE/FE algorithm is implemented in the EUROPLEXUS fast dynamics software and parallelised with MPI formalism. The efficiency of the EUROPLEXUS multi-domain MPI parallel version is tested. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.699747

DEM-based simulation of concrete structures on GPU / Marie Durand in European journal of environmental and civil engineering, Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1102-1114 Titre : DEM-based simulation of concrete structures on GPU Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Marie Durand, Auteur ; Philippe Marin, Auteur ; François Faure, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 1102-1114 Note générale : Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) Mots-clés : GPU  DEM  Reinforced  concrete  structures Résumé : The benefit of using the discrete element method (DEM) for simulations of fracture in heterogeneous media has been widely highlighted. However, modelling large structure leads to prohibitive computations times. We propose to use graphics processing units (GPUs) to reduce the computation time, taking advantage of the highly data parallel nature of DEM computations. GPUs are massively parallel coprocessors increasingly popular to accelerate numerical simulations. We detail our algorithm and implementation of the DEM on GPU and present performance results for simulations of rock impact on a concrete slab, before to discuss the pro and cons of moving such computation to the GPU. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.716590 [article] DEM-based simulation of concrete structures on GPU [texte imprimé] / Marie Durand, Auteur ; Philippe Marin, Auteur ; François Faure, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 1102-1114. Génie Civil Langues : Français (fre) in European journal of environmental and civil engineering > Vol. 16 N° 9 (special issue) (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 1102-1114 Mots-clés : GPU  DEM  Reinforced  concrete  structures Résumé : The benefit of using the discrete element method (DEM) for simulations of fracture in heterogeneous media has been widely highlighted. However, modelling large structure leads to prohibitive computations times. We propose to use graphics processing units (GPUs) to reduce the computation time, taking advantage of the highly data parallel nature of DEM computations. GPUs are massively parallel coprocessors increasingly popular to accelerate numerical simulations. We detail our algorithm and implementation of the DEM on GPU and present performance results for simulations of rock impact on a concrete slab, before to discuss the pro and cons of moving such computation to the GPU. ISSN : 1964-8189 En ligne : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19648189.2012.716590

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