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The journal of essential oil research: South Africa |
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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierThe biological activity and essential oil composition of 17 agathosma (Rutaceae) species / Alvaro M. Viljoen in The journal of essential oil research, Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 2-16
Titre : The biological activity and essential oil composition of 17 agathosma (Rutaceae) species Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Aneesa Moolla, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 2-16 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Agathosma arida Agathosma bathii Agathosma hetulina Agathosma capensis Agathosnw collina Agathosma crenulata Agathosnw hirsuta Agathosma lanata Agathosnw namaquensis Agathosma ovalifolia Agathosma ovata Agathosnw parva Agathosma pubigera Agathosma pungens Agathosnw roodebergensis Agathosma stipitata Agathosma zwarthergense Rutaceae Buchu Essential oil composition Sabinene Linalool β-pinene Menthone Isomenthone Pulegone Myrcene Limonene p-phellandrene Neral Geranial α-pinene 1,8-cineole Citronellal Linalool Methyl citronellate Antimicrobial activity Anti-inflammatory Toxicity Résumé : The essential oil composition, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of 17 indigenous Agathosnw species (18 samples) were investigated in order to validate their use in traditional healing. The results were related to the chemical composition of the essential oils as determined by GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on four pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12600), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCTC 9633) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the 5-lipoxygenase assay while the cytotoxic activity was determined using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) cellular viability assay. The antimicrobial assay revealed that the most active oil against C. albicans was A. collina (MIC value of 3 mg/mL) whilst the most active oils against B. cereus were A. crenulata and A. pungens (MIC values of 3 mg/mL). Nine of the species had MIC values of 4 mg/mL against the Gram-positive pathogen S. aureus. The oils showed less activity against the Gram-negative pathogen K pneumoniae. All the oils exhibited good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity with A. collina being the most potent (IC50 value of 25.98 ± 1.83 μg/mL). The results show that the oils were strong inhibitors of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. The oils proved to be toxic in the MTT assay displaying IC50 values of < 0.0001 μg/mL, which were relatively toxic when compared to a plant-derived compound such as quinine (IC50 value of 0.08 ± 0.03 μg/mL). The results revealed some relationships between the major components, some bioactivities and toxicities. The oils were found to differ qualitatively and quantitatively in compositions and their analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 322 compounds in 18 of the samples. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019074 [article] The biological activity and essential oil composition of 17 agathosma (Rutaceae) species [texte imprimé] / Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Aneesa Moolla, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 2-16.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 2-16
Mots-clés : Agathosma arida Agathosma bathii Agathosma hetulina Agathosma capensis Agathosnw collina Agathosma crenulata Agathosnw hirsuta Agathosma lanata Agathosnw namaquensis Agathosma ovalifolia Agathosma ovata Agathosnw parva Agathosma pubigera Agathosma pungens Agathosnw roodebergensis Agathosma stipitata Agathosma zwarthergense Rutaceae Buchu Essential oil composition Sabinene Linalool β-pinene Menthone Isomenthone Pulegone Myrcene Limonene p-phellandrene Neral Geranial α-pinene 1,8-cineole Citronellal Linalool Methyl citronellate Antimicrobial activity Anti-inflammatory Toxicity Résumé : The essential oil composition, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of 17 indigenous Agathosnw species (18 samples) were investigated in order to validate their use in traditional healing. The results were related to the chemical composition of the essential oils as determined by GC and GC/MS. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on four pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12600), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Klebsiella pneumoniae (NCTC 9633) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the 5-lipoxygenase assay while the cytotoxic activity was determined using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazol-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) cellular viability assay. The antimicrobial assay revealed that the most active oil against C. albicans was A. collina (MIC value of 3 mg/mL) whilst the most active oils against B. cereus were A. crenulata and A. pungens (MIC values of 3 mg/mL). Nine of the species had MIC values of 4 mg/mL against the Gram-positive pathogen S. aureus. The oils showed less activity against the Gram-negative pathogen K pneumoniae. All the oils exhibited good in vitro anti-inflammatory activity with A. collina being the most potent (IC50 value of 25.98 ± 1.83 μg/mL). The results show that the oils were strong inhibitors of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. The oils proved to be toxic in the MTT assay displaying IC50 values of < 0.0001 μg/mL, which were relatively toxic when compared to a plant-derived compound such as quinine (IC50 value of 0.08 ± 0.03 μg/mL). The results revealed some relationships between the major components, some bioactivities and toxicities. The oils were found to differ qualitatively and quantitatively in compositions and their analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 322 compounds in 18 of the samples. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019074
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 17-18
Titre : Composition of the essential oil of diosma prama I. williams Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 17-18 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Diosma prama Rutaceae Essential oil composition 1,8-cineole p-phellandrene Myrcene Menthone limonene Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oils from the herbal parts of Diosma prama were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty compounds were characterized in chemotype A, representing 97.3% of the oil with 1,8-cineole + P-phellandrene (25.6%), myrcene (23.5%), β-pinene (10.4%), linalool (9.9%) as main constituents. The oil of chemotype B yielded a totally different composition. Thirty-five compounds were identified representing 98.9% of the oil with menthone (28.1%), limonene (26.6%), pulegone (10.8%), isomenthone (10.8%) and linalool (6.7%) as main constituents. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019075 [article] Composition of the essential oil of diosma prama I. williams [texte imprimé] / K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 17-18.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 17-18
Mots-clés : Diosma prama Rutaceae Essential oil composition 1,8-cineole p-phellandrene Myrcene Menthone limonene Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oils from the herbal parts of Diosma prama were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty compounds were characterized in chemotype A, representing 97.3% of the oil with 1,8-cineole + P-phellandrene (25.6%), myrcene (23.5%), β-pinene (10.4%), linalool (9.9%) as main constituents. The oil of chemotype B yielded a totally different composition. Thirty-five compounds were identified representing 98.9% of the oil with menthone (28.1%), limonene (26.6%), pulegone (10.8%), isomenthone (10.8%) and linalool (6.7%) as main constituents. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019075
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 19-25
Titre : The geographical variation and antimicrobial activity of african wormwood (Artemisia afra Jacq.) essential oil Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur ; Tebogo Gwebu, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 19-25 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Artemisia afra Asteraceae Essential oil composition 1,8-cineole Artemisia ketone α-thujone β-thujone Artemisia alcohol Camphor Antimicrobial activity Death kinetics Résumé : The aerial parts of 16 individual Artemisia afra plants from four natural populations were hydrodistilled and the essential oil analyzed by GC/MS. The oil composition varied quantitatively and qualitatively within and between natural populations and showed no correlation to the geographical distribution. The antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by means of time-kill methodology using the respiratory pathogens C. neoformans and K. pneunwniae. Antimicrobial activity was most prominent within 10 min at concentration 0.75% for K. pneumoniae and within 60 min at concentration 1% for C. neofomans. Investigation of the four major compounds most abundant in the A. afra oil (artemisia ketone, 1,8-cineole, α- and β-thujone) indicated minimal antimicrobial activity when investigated independently and in various combinations against K. pneumoniae. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019076 [article] The geographical variation and antimicrobial activity of african wormwood (Artemisia afra Jacq.) essential oil [texte imprimé] / Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur ; Tebogo Gwebu, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 19-25.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 19-25
Mots-clés : Artemisia afra Asteraceae Essential oil composition 1,8-cineole Artemisia ketone α-thujone β-thujone Artemisia alcohol Camphor Antimicrobial activity Death kinetics Résumé : The aerial parts of 16 individual Artemisia afra plants from four natural populations were hydrodistilled and the essential oil analyzed by GC/MS. The oil composition varied quantitatively and qualitatively within and between natural populations and showed no correlation to the geographical distribution. The antimicrobial activity was demonstrated by means of time-kill methodology using the respiratory pathogens C. neoformans and K. pneunwniae. Antimicrobial activity was most prominent within 10 min at concentration 0.75% for K. pneumoniae and within 60 min at concentration 1% for C. neofomans. Investigation of the four major compounds most abundant in the A. afra oil (artemisia ketone, 1,8-cineole, α- and β-thujone) indicated minimal antimicrobial activity when investigated independently and in various combinations against K. pneumoniae. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019076
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 26-29
Titre : Composition of the essential oils of five coleonema species from South Africa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 26-29 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Coleonema album Coleonema aspalathoides Coleonema calycinum Coleonema pulchellum Coleonema virgatum Rutaceae Essential oil composition Sabinene Myrcene Linalool Terpinen-4-ol Beta-Phellandrene Alpha-pinene Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oils from the herbal parts of Coleonema album (Thunb.) Bartl. et H.L. Wendl., C. aspalathoides Juss et Don, C. calycinum (Steud.) I. Williams, C. pulchellum I. Williams (three samples) and C. virgatum (Schltdl.) Eckl. et Zeyh. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-three compounds were characterized in the oil of C. album representing 99.1% of the total composition. Main compounds were beta-phellandrene (30.4%) and myrcene (20.5%). Forty-three compounds were characterized in the oil of C. aspalathoides representing 94.1% of the oil with sabinene (24.0%), terpinen-4-ol (12.2%), p-cymene (12.1%), linalool (11.3%) and alpha-pinene (9.1%) as main constituents. In the oil of C. calycinum, 35 compounds were characterized representing 99.4% of the total volume. beta-Phellandrene (42.0%) and linalool (11.0%) were the main constituents. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main constituents in three oil samples of C. pulchellum. Myrcene (63.0%) was the main constituent in the oil of C. virgatum in which 23 compounds were identified representing 97.3% of the total. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://openagricola.nal.usda.gov/Record/IND43834374 [article] Composition of the essential oils of five coleonema species from South Africa [texte imprimé] / K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 26-29.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 26-29
Mots-clés : Coleonema album Coleonema aspalathoides Coleonema calycinum Coleonema pulchellum Coleonema virgatum Rutaceae Essential oil composition Sabinene Myrcene Linalool Terpinen-4-ol Beta-Phellandrene Alpha-pinene Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oils from the herbal parts of Coleonema album (Thunb.) Bartl. et H.L. Wendl., C. aspalathoides Juss et Don, C. calycinum (Steud.) I. Williams, C. pulchellum I. Williams (three samples) and C. virgatum (Schltdl.) Eckl. et Zeyh. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-three compounds were characterized in the oil of C. album representing 99.1% of the total composition. Main compounds were beta-phellandrene (30.4%) and myrcene (20.5%). Forty-three compounds were characterized in the oil of C. aspalathoides representing 94.1% of the oil with sabinene (24.0%), terpinen-4-ol (12.2%), p-cymene (12.1%), linalool (11.3%) and alpha-pinene (9.1%) as main constituents. In the oil of C. calycinum, 35 compounds were characterized representing 99.4% of the total volume. beta-Phellandrene (42.0%) and linalool (11.0%) were the main constituents. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the main constituents in three oil samples of C. pulchellum. Myrcene (63.0%) was the main constituent in the oil of C. virgatum in which 23 compounds were identified representing 97.3% of the total. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://openagricola.nal.usda.gov/Record/IND43834374
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 30-36
Titre : A seasonal variation study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Agathosma ovata (Thunb.) pillans (Rutaceae) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Aneesa Moolla, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 30-36 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Agathosnw ovata Rutaceae Buchu Essential oil composition Sabinene p-cymene Terpinen-4-ol α-pinene α- thujene Myrcene Limonene Linalool Antimicrobial activity Résumé : A seasonal variation study was performed on the chemical composition of the essential oil of Agathosma ovata (Rutaceae). In addition, this study looked at how variations may impact the antimicrobial activity of A. ovata. The chemical composition of 10 monthly samples, as determined by GC and GC/MS, were found to differ qualitatively and quantitatively and the analysis resulted in the identification of 144 compounds. Sabinene was the major compound in the oil and ranged between 25-44% over the year. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on four pathogens, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Most ofthe samples had MIC values of 8 mg/mL. The activity for Staphylococcus aureus showed the greatest fluctuation (1.5-14 mg/mL) over the seasonal period. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019078 [article] A seasonal variation study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Agathosma ovata (Thunb.) pillans (Rutaceae) [texte imprimé] / Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Aneesa Moolla, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 30-36.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 30-36
Mots-clés : Agathosnw ovata Rutaceae Buchu Essential oil composition Sabinene p-cymene Terpinen-4-ol α-pinene α- thujene Myrcene Limonene Linalool Antimicrobial activity Résumé : A seasonal variation study was performed on the chemical composition of the essential oil of Agathosma ovata (Rutaceae). In addition, this study looked at how variations may impact the antimicrobial activity of A. ovata. The chemical composition of 10 monthly samples, as determined by GC and GC/MS, were found to differ qualitatively and quantitatively and the analysis resulted in the identification of 144 compounds. Sabinene was the major compound in the oil and ranged between 25-44% over the year. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on four pathogens, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Most ofthe samples had MIC values of 8 mg/mL. The activity for Staphylococcus aureus showed the greatest fluctuation (1.5-14 mg/mL) over the seasonal period. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019078
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 37-45
Titre : The essential oil composition and chemotaxonomy of Salvia stenophylla and its allies S. repens and S. runcinata Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Angela Gono-Bwalya, Auteur ; Guy P. P. Kamatou, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 37-45 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Salvia stenophylla Salvia repens Salvia runcinata Lamiaceae Essential oil composition Chemotypes α-pinene 8-3-carene Limonene 1,8-cineole P-phellandrene (Z)-β-ocimene γ-terpinene β-caryophyllene β-bisabolene (E)- nerolidol Guaiol α-bisabolol δ-eudesmol β-eudesmol Cis-lanceol Manool Résumé : salvia stenophylla Burch. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a perennial aromatic herb, which is widespread in the high altitude areas of the central and eastern parts of South Africa. It is closely related to Salvia runcinata L. f. and Salvia repens Burch, ex Benth. with which it forms a species complex. Taxonomically, distinction between the three taxa is problematic. Salvia stenophylla is economically important as a source of α-bisabolol used in aromatherapy and active cosmetic formulations. The fresh aerial parts of the three taxa obtained from 25 natural populations were hydrodistilled to isolate the essential oil and analytical assessment of the oil was carried out using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The GC/M results showed variation in the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition within and between populations of the same and different taxa. The dominant compounds in the S. stenophylla oils include: α-bisabolol (46.5%), limonene (38.1%), δ-3-carene (24.9%), γ-terpinene (20.3%), p-cymene (18.4%) and (E)-nerolidol (53.6%). Salvia repens oils accumulated major compounds like (E)-nerolidol (25.2%), ledol (25.4%), camphor (12.7%), β-caryophyllene( (13.6%) and p-phellandrene (22.2%). Salvia runcinata oils had (E)-nerolidol (72%), α-bisabolol (41.1%), limonene (24.1%), α-pinene (45%) and β-pinene (15%) and 26% of guaiol in high percentages. Seven chemotypes were identified and they were used to investigate the chemotaxomic relationships in the species complex. The results suggested that S. stenophylla and S. repens are the closest allies within the complex. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019079 [article] The essential oil composition and chemotaxonomy of Salvia stenophylla and its allies S. repens and S. runcinata [texte imprimé] / Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Angela Gono-Bwalya, Auteur ; Guy P. P. Kamatou, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 37-45.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 37-45
Mots-clés : Salvia stenophylla Salvia repens Salvia runcinata Lamiaceae Essential oil composition Chemotypes α-pinene 8-3-carene Limonene 1,8-cineole P-phellandrene (Z)-β-ocimene γ-terpinene β-caryophyllene β-bisabolene (E)- nerolidol Guaiol α-bisabolol δ-eudesmol β-eudesmol Cis-lanceol Manool Résumé : salvia stenophylla Burch. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) is a perennial aromatic herb, which is widespread in the high altitude areas of the central and eastern parts of South Africa. It is closely related to Salvia runcinata L. f. and Salvia repens Burch, ex Benth. with which it forms a species complex. Taxonomically, distinction between the three taxa is problematic. Salvia stenophylla is economically important as a source of α-bisabolol used in aromatherapy and active cosmetic formulations. The fresh aerial parts of the three taxa obtained from 25 natural populations were hydrodistilled to isolate the essential oil and analytical assessment of the oil was carried out using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The GC/M results showed variation in the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition within and between populations of the same and different taxa. The dominant compounds in the S. stenophylla oils include: α-bisabolol (46.5%), limonene (38.1%), δ-3-carene (24.9%), γ-terpinene (20.3%), p-cymene (18.4%) and (E)-nerolidol (53.6%). Salvia repens oils accumulated major compounds like (E)-nerolidol (25.2%), ledol (25.4%), camphor (12.7%), β-caryophyllene( (13.6%) and p-phellandrene (22.2%). Salvia runcinata oils had (E)-nerolidol (72%), α-bisabolol (41.1%), limonene (24.1%), α-pinene (45%) and β-pinene (15%) and 26% of guaiol in high percentages. Seven chemotypes were identified and they were used to investigate the chemotaxomic relationships in the species complex. The results suggested that S. stenophylla and S. repens are the closest allies within the complex. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019079
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 46-47
Titre : Composition of the essential oils of two adenandra species from South Africa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 46-47 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Adenandra obtusata Adenandra villosa Rutaceae Essential oil composition α-pinene Sabinene Myrcene 2- undecanone Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oils from the herbal parts of Adenandra obtusata Sond. and A. villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. et Schult.were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven compounds were characterized in the oil of A. obtusata, representing 95.2% of the oil. Main compounds were 2-undecanone (33.3%), α-pinene (33.2%) and myrcene (2.4%). Forty-five compounds were characterized in the oil of A. villosa, representing 97.6% of the oil with myrcene (49.6%), sabinene (13.8%), 1,8-cineole + p-phellandrene (6.6%), (Z)-β-ocimene (4.2%) and limonene (3.7%) as main constituents. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cahtthttp://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019080 [article] Composition of the essential oils of two adenandra species from South Africa [texte imprimé] / K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 46-47.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 46-47
Mots-clés : Adenandra obtusata Adenandra villosa Rutaceae Essential oil composition α-pinene Sabinene Myrcene 2- undecanone Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oils from the herbal parts of Adenandra obtusata Sond. and A. villosa (P.J.Bergius) Licht. ex Roem. et Schult.were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-seven compounds were characterized in the oil of A. obtusata, representing 95.2% of the oil. Main compounds were 2-undecanone (33.3%), α-pinene (33.2%) and myrcene (2.4%). Forty-five compounds were characterized in the oil of A. villosa, representing 97.6% of the oil with myrcene (49.6%), sabinene (13.8%), 1,8-cineole + p-phellandrene (6.6%), (Z)-β-ocimene (4.2%) and limonene (3.7%) as main constituents. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cahtthttp://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019080
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 48-51
Titre : Biological activities and composition of Salvia muirii L. bol. essential oil Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Guy P. P. Kamatou, Auteur ; Robyn L. Vanzyl, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 48-51 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Salvia muirii Lamiaceae Biological activities Essential oil composition α-pinene 1,8-cineole Limonene Antimicrobial activity Anti-inflammatory activity Antimalarial activity Antioxidant activity Toxicity Résumé : The essential oil of Salvia muirii L. Bol., a species indigenous to southern Africa was obtained by hydrodistillation (0.5%, v/f.w.) from the aerial parts and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-nine components representing 98% of the oil were identified. The oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (53%) and oxygen-containing monoterpenes (36%) with 1,8-cineole (23%), α-pinene (22%) and limonene (12%) being the major components. The oil exhibited potent antimalarial (IC50: 6μg/mL) and antibacterial activity especially against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus with MIC values of 6 and 9mg/mL, respectively. The oil exhibited poor anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide toxicity assay revealed that the essential oil of S. muirii should be used with caution as it displayed some degree of toxicity against the transformed human kidney epithelial cells (IC50: 3μg/mL). ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019081 [article] Biological activities and composition of Salvia muirii L. bol. essential oil [texte imprimé] / Guy P. P. Kamatou, Auteur ; Robyn L. Vanzyl, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 48-51.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 48-51
Mots-clés : Salvia muirii Lamiaceae Biological activities Essential oil composition α-pinene 1,8-cineole Limonene Antimicrobial activity Anti-inflammatory activity Antimalarial activity Antioxidant activity Toxicity Résumé : The essential oil of Salvia muirii L. Bol., a species indigenous to southern Africa was obtained by hydrodistillation (0.5%, v/f.w.) from the aerial parts and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-nine components representing 98% of the oil were identified. The oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (53%) and oxygen-containing monoterpenes (36%) with 1,8-cineole (23%), α-pinene (22%) and limonene (12%) being the major components. The oil exhibited potent antimalarial (IC50: 6μg/mL) and antibacterial activity especially against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus with MIC values of 6 and 9mg/mL, respectively. The oil exhibited poor anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide toxicity assay revealed that the essential oil of S. muirii should be used with caution as it displayed some degree of toxicity against the transformed human kidney epithelial cells (IC50: 3μg/mL). ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019081
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 52-53
Titre : Chemical composition and oil concentration of tea tree leaf oil grown in South Africa during a one- year vegetative cycle Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Maria De Figueiredo, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 52-53 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Melaleuca alternifolia Myrtaceae Tea tree essential oil composition Oil yield Seasonal variation Terpinene-4-ol α-terpinene γ-terpinene Résumé : The essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia cheel) foliage was isolated by steam distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC). The plant material was collected monthly throughout the 2004 season. The chemical composition of tea tree oil throughout the season was determined. The oil complied with the International Standard (ISO 4730 - 1996) and had 1,8-cineole content below 5%. Oil yields were between 3% and 4% and were similar to those reported for the Australian oil of tea tree foliage. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019082 [article] Chemical composition and oil concentration of tea tree leaf oil grown in South Africa during a one- year vegetative cycle [texte imprimé] / Maria De Figueiredo, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 52-53.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 52-53
Mots-clés : Melaleuca alternifolia Myrtaceae Tea tree essential oil composition Oil yield Seasonal variation Terpinene-4-ol α-terpinene γ-terpinene Résumé : The essential oil of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia cheel) foliage was isolated by steam distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC). The plant material was collected monthly throughout the 2004 season. The chemical composition of tea tree oil throughout the season was determined. The oil complied with the International Standard (ISO 4730 - 1996) and had 1,8-cineole content below 5%. Oil yields were between 3% and 4% and were similar to those reported for the Australian oil of tea tree foliage. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019082
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 54-56
Titre : Composition of the essential oils of three Acmadenia species from South Africa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 54-56 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Acmadenia altemifolia Acmadenia obtusata Acmadenia sheilae Rutaceae Essential oil composition α-pinene β-pinene p-phellandrene Myrcene Linalool Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oils from the leaves of Acmadenia altemifolia Cham., A. obtusata (Thunb.) Batl. et H.L. Wendle and A. sheilae I. Williams were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two compounds were characterized in the oil of A. altemifolia representing 94.6% of the total composition. Main compounds were monoterpene hydrocarbons: β-pinene (30.6%), P-phellandrene (17.8%), α-pinene (14.5%), limonene (6.9%) and sabinene (6.6%). Forty-seven compounds were characterized in the oil of A. obtusata representing 96.7% of the oil with monoterpene hydrocarbons α-pinene (27.4%), β-phellandrene (23.2%), β-pinene (15.1%) and limonene (7.5%) and a linear monoterpene alcohol linalool (7.6%) as main constituents. In the oil of A. sheilae, 26 compounds were characterized representing 94.6% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were also predominant in this oil with acyclic monoterpene myrcene (25.1%) together with sabinene (16.1%), β-pinene (9.3%), α-pinene (9.3%) and linalool (9.0%) as main constituents. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019083 [article] Composition of the essential oils of three Acmadenia species from South Africa [texte imprimé] / K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 54-56.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 54-56
Mots-clés : Acmadenia altemifolia Acmadenia obtusata Acmadenia sheilae Rutaceae Essential oil composition α-pinene β-pinene p-phellandrene Myrcene Linalool Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oils from the leaves of Acmadenia altemifolia Cham., A. obtusata (Thunb.) Batl. et H.L. Wendle and A. sheilae I. Williams were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two compounds were characterized in the oil of A. altemifolia representing 94.6% of the total composition. Main compounds were monoterpene hydrocarbons: β-pinene (30.6%), P-phellandrene (17.8%), α-pinene (14.5%), limonene (6.9%) and sabinene (6.6%). Forty-seven compounds were characterized in the oil of A. obtusata representing 96.7% of the oil with monoterpene hydrocarbons α-pinene (27.4%), β-phellandrene (23.2%), β-pinene (15.1%) and limonene (7.5%) and a linear monoterpene alcohol linalool (7.6%) as main constituents. In the oil of A. sheilae, 26 compounds were characterized representing 94.6% of the total oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were also predominant in this oil with acyclic monoterpene myrcene (25.1%) together with sabinene (16.1%), β-pinene (9.3%), α-pinene (9.3%) and linalool (9.0%) as main constituents. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019083
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 57-59
Titre : Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil isolated from South African Mentha longifolia (L.) L. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. O. Oyedeji, Auteur ; A. J. Afolayan, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 57-59 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mentha longifolia Lamiaceae Essential oil composition Menthone Pulegone 1,8-cineole Antibacterial activity Résumé : The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from Mentha longifolia of South Africa origin was analyzed by GC and GC/M S. A total of 31 components were identified, accounting for 99.7% of the oil composition. Menthone (50.9%), pulegone (19.3%) and 1,8-cineole (11,9%) were the major constituents of the oil. The oil was screened against Gram + and Gram - bacteria and found to be very active against Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus kristinae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.039 to 0.078 pg/mL. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019084 [article] Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil isolated from South African Mentha longifolia (L.) L. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. [texte imprimé] / A. O. Oyedeji, Auteur ; A. J. Afolayan, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 57-59.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 57-59
Mots-clés : Mentha longifolia Lamiaceae Essential oil composition Menthone Pulegone 1,8-cineole Antibacterial activity Résumé : The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from Mentha longifolia of South Africa origin was analyzed by GC and GC/M S. A total of 31 components were identified, accounting for 99.7% of the oil composition. Menthone (50.9%), pulegone (19.3%) and 1,8-cineole (11,9%) were the major constituents of the oil. The oil was screened against Gram + and Gram - bacteria and found to be very active against Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus kristinae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.039 to 0.078 pg/mL. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019084
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 60-65
Titre : The chemo-geographical variation in essential oil composition and the antimicrobial properties of "wild mint" : Mentha longifolia subsp. polyadena (Lamiaceae) in Southern Africa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Sahir Petkar, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 60-65 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Mentha longifolia subsp. polyadena Lamiaceae Essential oil composition 1,8-cineole Limonene Menthofuran Pulegone Cis-piperitone oxide Piperitenone oxide Antimicrobial activity Résumé : Mentha longifolia (L.) L. subsp. polyadena Briq. was collected from eight localities in southern Africa for a study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC/MS and a cluster analysis was performed on the oil dataset. From eight samples (representing eight natural populations), two major chemotypes were identified: a menthofuran-rich type (51-62%); and a cis-piperitone oxide (15-36%) and piperitenone oxide-rich type (15-66%). The constituent analysis showed quantitative variation with higher amounts of oxygen-containing monoterpenes ranging from 57% to 90% whilst the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons ranged from 4% to 17 %. The oil from the different geographical areas mostly showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Enterococcusfaecalis. The oils were generally inactive against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans indicated highest sensitivities for oil samples from Komukwane and Prins Albert. These results may in part provide scientific evidence for the extensive use of Mentha longifolia in traditional healing. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019085 [article] The chemo-geographical variation in essential oil composition and the antimicrobial properties of "wild mint" : Mentha longifolia subsp. polyadena (Lamiaceae) in Southern Africa [texte imprimé] / Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Sahir Petkar, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 60-65.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 60-65
Mots-clés : Mentha longifolia subsp. polyadena Lamiaceae Essential oil composition 1,8-cineole Limonene Menthofuran Pulegone Cis-piperitone oxide Piperitenone oxide Antimicrobial activity Résumé : Mentha longifolia (L.) L. subsp. polyadena Briq. was collected from eight localities in southern Africa for a study of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC and GC/MS and a cluster analysis was performed on the oil dataset. From eight samples (representing eight natural populations), two major chemotypes were identified: a menthofuran-rich type (51-62%); and a cis-piperitone oxide (15-36%) and piperitenone oxide-rich type (15-66%). The constituent analysis showed quantitative variation with higher amounts of oxygen-containing monoterpenes ranging from 57% to 90% whilst the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons ranged from 4% to 17 %. The oil from the different geographical areas mostly showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Enterococcusfaecalis. The oils were generally inactive against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans indicated highest sensitivities for oil samples from Komukwane and Prins Albert. These results may in part provide scientific evidence for the extensive use of Mentha longifolia in traditional healing. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019085
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 66-71
Titre : A comparative investigation of the antimicrobial properties of indigenous South African aromatic plants with popular commercially available essential oils Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur ; Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 66-71 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Myrothammus flabellifolius Myrothamnaceae Osmitopsis asteriscoides Artemisia afra Asteraceae Lippia javanica Verbenaceae Heteropyxis natalensis Heteropyxidaceae Lavender oil Thyme oil Tea tree oil Rosemary oil Peppermint oil Essential oil composition β-ocimene Linalool 1,8-cineole α-thujone Limonene β-thujone Artemisia ketone Camphor Pinocarvone Trans-pincarveol Antimicrobial activity Résumé : Essential oils have been accepted and recognized as having several therapeutic applications. Popular commercial oils such as lavender, rosemary, tea tree, thyme and peppermint have been used extensively in aromatherapy and as a treatment regimen against bacterial and fungal infections. Extensive studies on indigenous essential oils used in South African traditional healing rites indicate efficacy against a number of pathogens. By means of comparatively determining the MIC of the above-mentioned popular commercial oils against the essential oils of five indigenous plants (Myrothamnus flabellifolius, Osmitopsis asteriscoides, Heteropyxis natalensis, Artemisia afra and Lippiajavanica), efficacy was determined against eight bacterial reference strains and two yeast reference strains. The laboratory conditions and inoculum were standardized to ensure all 10 essential oils (commercial and indigenous) were evaluated under identical conditions. Where MIC data indicated coinciding values between commercial and indigenous oils, the MIC was further refined to narrow the increments. To comparatively demonstrate the time kill efficacy, commercial and indigenous oils were exposed to Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneunwniae and Candida albicans and the cidal efficacy plotted over time against the logarithm of viable colonies. Results indicate that South African indigenous essential oils compare favorably with commercial oils studied herein. Of all oils studied, Myrothamnus flabellifolius showed the most rapid cidal effect against all three pathogens tested. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019086 [article] A comparative investigation of the antimicrobial properties of indigenous South African aromatic plants with popular commercially available essential oils [texte imprimé] / Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur ; Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 66-71.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 66-71
Mots-clés : Myrothammus flabellifolius Myrothamnaceae Osmitopsis asteriscoides Artemisia afra Asteraceae Lippia javanica Verbenaceae Heteropyxis natalensis Heteropyxidaceae Lavender oil Thyme oil Tea tree oil Rosemary oil Peppermint oil Essential oil composition β-ocimene Linalool 1,8-cineole α-thujone Limonene β-thujone Artemisia ketone Camphor Pinocarvone Trans-pincarveol Antimicrobial activity Résumé : Essential oils have been accepted and recognized as having several therapeutic applications. Popular commercial oils such as lavender, rosemary, tea tree, thyme and peppermint have been used extensively in aromatherapy and as a treatment regimen against bacterial and fungal infections. Extensive studies on indigenous essential oils used in South African traditional healing rites indicate efficacy against a number of pathogens. By means of comparatively determining the MIC of the above-mentioned popular commercial oils against the essential oils of five indigenous plants (Myrothamnus flabellifolius, Osmitopsis asteriscoides, Heteropyxis natalensis, Artemisia afra and Lippiajavanica), efficacy was determined against eight bacterial reference strains and two yeast reference strains. The laboratory conditions and inoculum were standardized to ensure all 10 essential oils (commercial and indigenous) were evaluated under identical conditions. Where MIC data indicated coinciding values between commercial and indigenous oils, the MIC was further refined to narrow the increments. To comparatively demonstrate the time kill efficacy, commercial and indigenous oils were exposed to Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneunwniae and Candida albicans and the cidal efficacy plotted over time against the logarithm of viable colonies. Results indicate that South African indigenous essential oils compare favorably with commercial oils studied herein. Of all oils studied, Myrothamnus flabellifolius showed the most rapid cidal effect against all three pathogens tested. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019086
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 72-79
Titre : Chemical composition, leaf trichome types and biological activities of the essential oils of four related salvia species indigenous to Southern Africa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Guy P. P. Kamatou, Auteur ; Robyn L. Van Zyl, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 72-79 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Salvia africana-caerulea Salvia africana-lutea Salvia chamelaeagnea Salvia lanceolata Lamiaceae Trichomes Biological activities Essential oil α-pinene Myrcene 1,8-cineole Spathulenol Caryophyllene-oxide Résumé : The essential oils from fresh aerial parts of four Salvia species indigenous to southern Africa were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Quantitative rather than qualitative differences in oil composition were observed. Forty-three compounds in each species accounting for 78% (S. africana-caerulea), 78% (S. africana-lutea), 96% (S. chamelaeagnea) and 81% (S. lanceolata) of the total composition were identified. Salvia africana-caerulea and S. lanceolata were dominated by oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes (59% and 48%, respectively). Oxygen-containing monoterpenes dominated in S. chanuslaeagnea (43%), while monoterpene hydrocarbons (36%) were abundant in S. africana-lutea. Scanning electron and light microscopy of the indumentum of the leaves revealed the presence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Non-glandular point-shaped trichomes composed of two or three cells are common in all four species and two types of glandular trichomes were noted: peltate trichomes, with up to 16 head cells and a capitate type varying in the number of cells comprising the head and stalk. The oils were evaluated against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains using the microdilution method and the MIC values ranged from 0.8 to 32 mg/mL. The oils exhibited antiplasmodial (5 < IC50 < 9 pg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (43 < ICc0 < 77 pg/mL) activity as determined by the [3H]-hypoxanthine radiometric and 5-lipoxygenase methods, respectively. Compared to other naturally derived antiplasmodial compounds (e.g. quinine) the oils are more toxic to human kidney epithelium cells (MTT method) with the ICc0 values ranging from 2-7 μg/mL. The oils exhibited poor antioxidant activity against the DPPH' radical at 100 pg/mL. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019087 [article] Chemical composition, leaf trichome types and biological activities of the essential oils of four related salvia species indigenous to Southern Africa [texte imprimé] / Guy P. P. Kamatou, Auteur ; Robyn L. Van Zyl, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 72-79.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 72-79
Mots-clés : Salvia africana-caerulea Salvia africana-lutea Salvia chamelaeagnea Salvia lanceolata Lamiaceae Trichomes Biological activities Essential oil α-pinene Myrcene 1,8-cineole Spathulenol Caryophyllene-oxide Résumé : The essential oils from fresh aerial parts of four Salvia species indigenous to southern Africa were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Quantitative rather than qualitative differences in oil composition were observed. Forty-three compounds in each species accounting for 78% (S. africana-caerulea), 78% (S. africana-lutea), 96% (S. chamelaeagnea) and 81% (S. lanceolata) of the total composition were identified. Salvia africana-caerulea and S. lanceolata were dominated by oxygen-containing sesquiterpenes (59% and 48%, respectively). Oxygen-containing monoterpenes dominated in S. chanuslaeagnea (43%), while monoterpene hydrocarbons (36%) were abundant in S. africana-lutea. Scanning electron and light microscopy of the indumentum of the leaves revealed the presence of glandular and non-glandular trichomes. Non-glandular point-shaped trichomes composed of two or three cells are common in all four species and two types of glandular trichomes were noted: peltate trichomes, with up to 16 head cells and a capitate type varying in the number of cells comprising the head and stalk. The oils were evaluated against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains using the microdilution method and the MIC values ranged from 0.8 to 32 mg/mL. The oils exhibited antiplasmodial (5 < IC50 < 9 pg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (43 < ICc0 < 77 pg/mL) activity as determined by the [3H]-hypoxanthine radiometric and 5-lipoxygenase methods, respectively. Compared to other naturally derived antiplasmodial compounds (e.g. quinine) the oils are more toxic to human kidney epithelium cells (MTT method) with the ICc0 values ranging from 2-7 μg/mL. The oils exhibited poor antioxidant activity against the DPPH' radical at 100 pg/mL. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019087
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 80-84
Titre : Effects of post-harvest drying on the essential oil and glandular trichomes of Lippia scaberrima sond Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sandra Combrinck, Auteur ; Adrian A. Bosman, Auteur ; Barend M. Botha, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 80-84 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Lippia scaberrima Verbenaceae Essential oil composition Glandular trichomes Limonene Carvone Résumé : Lippia scaberrima (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic, medicinal shrub which is indigenous to southern Africa. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the essential oil were conducted using gas chromatographic techniques. The effects of post-harvest drying on trichome structure, as well as on essential oil yield and composition, were investigated. Limonene, carvone and 1,8-cineole were found to be the major components of the oil. Loss of mass, due to both water and volatile compounds, was determined on a daily basis during drying of the plant material. Using the results derived from these determinations, oil yields were adjusted to a fresh weight basis. This was done to compensate for increased yield resulting from increased loading of dried material. Oil yields were observed to increase by approximately 42% (m/m) during the first four to six days after harvest, where after a significant decrease was observed. A short period (four to six days) of post-harvest drying is therefore beneficial to improving oil yields of L. scaberrima. Concentrations of 13 individual components were investigated and these results indicated that drying does affect the oil composition. This factor should be taken into account if consistent economic production of the oil is envisaged. It was found that extended periods of drying, once the plant has lost most of its moisture, leads to a rapid reduction in oil yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) corroborated the changes observed in the oil yield, since the appearance of the trichomes remained unchanged during the first five post-harvest days, but signs of glandular evacuation became evident after 10 days of drying. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019088 [article] Effects of post-harvest drying on the essential oil and glandular trichomes of Lippia scaberrima sond [texte imprimé] / Sandra Combrinck, Auteur ; Adrian A. Bosman, Auteur ; Barend M. Botha, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 80-84.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 80-84
Mots-clés : Lippia scaberrima Verbenaceae Essential oil composition Glandular trichomes Limonene Carvone Résumé : Lippia scaberrima (Verbenaceae) is an aromatic, medicinal shrub which is indigenous to southern Africa. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the essential oil were conducted using gas chromatographic techniques. The effects of post-harvest drying on trichome structure, as well as on essential oil yield and composition, were investigated. Limonene, carvone and 1,8-cineole were found to be the major components of the oil. Loss of mass, due to both water and volatile compounds, was determined on a daily basis during drying of the plant material. Using the results derived from these determinations, oil yields were adjusted to a fresh weight basis. This was done to compensate for increased yield resulting from increased loading of dried material. Oil yields were observed to increase by approximately 42% (m/m) during the first four to six days after harvest, where after a significant decrease was observed. A short period (four to six days) of post-harvest drying is therefore beneficial to improving oil yields of L. scaberrima. Concentrations of 13 individual components were investigated and these results indicated that drying does affect the oil composition. This factor should be taken into account if consistent economic production of the oil is envisaged. It was found that extended periods of drying, once the plant has lost most of its moisture, leads to a rapid reduction in oil yield. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) corroborated the changes observed in the oil yield, since the appearance of the trichomes remained unchanged during the first five post-harvest days, but signs of glandular evacuation became evident after 10 days of drying. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019088
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 85-88
Titre : In vitro 5-lipoxygenase activity of three indigenous south african aromatic plants used in traditional healing and the stereospecific activity of limonene in the 5-lipoxygenase assay Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yakov Frum, Auteur ; Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 85-88 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Helichrysum odoratissimum Asteraceae Heteropyxis natalensis Heteropyxidaceae Lippiajawanica Verbenaceae Essential oil composition Limonene Linalool 1,8-cineole (Z)-β-ocimene 5-lipoxygenase Anti-inflammatory Résumé : An investigation was .undertaken to determine the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of aromatic plants traditionally used to treat dermatological pathologies. Guided by ethnobotanical literature and availability from natural sources, the essential oils of Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Less., Heteropyxis natalensis Harv. and Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. were collected. The hydrodistilled essential oils displayed promising 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with IC50 values between 35 and 75 ppm. The oil compositions were determined by GC and GC/MS. Major compounds possibly contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity include β-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole and limonene. Enantiomers and racemic mixtures of limonene displayed significantly different 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity suggesting stereoselectivity of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Furthermore, the monoterpene 1,8-cineole appeared to cause partial potentiation of the anti-inflammatory activity displayed by limonene. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019089 [article] In vitro 5-lipoxygenase activity of three indigenous south african aromatic plants used in traditional healing and the stereospecific activity of limonene in the 5-lipoxygenase assay [texte imprimé] / Yakov Frum, Auteur ; Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 85-88.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 85-88
Mots-clés : Helichrysum odoratissimum Asteraceae Heteropyxis natalensis Heteropyxidaceae Lippiajawanica Verbenaceae Essential oil composition Limonene Linalool 1,8-cineole (Z)-β-ocimene 5-lipoxygenase Anti-inflammatory Résumé : An investigation was .undertaken to determine the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of aromatic plants traditionally used to treat dermatological pathologies. Guided by ethnobotanical literature and availability from natural sources, the essential oils of Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Less., Heteropyxis natalensis Harv. and Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng. were collected. The hydrodistilled essential oils displayed promising 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with IC50 values between 35 and 75 ppm. The oil compositions were determined by GC and GC/MS. Major compounds possibly contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity include β-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineole and limonene. Enantiomers and racemic mixtures of limonene displayed significantly different 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity suggesting stereoselectivity of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Furthermore, the monoterpene 1,8-cineole appeared to cause partial potentiation of the anti-inflammatory activity displayed by limonene. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019089
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 89-105
Titre : The essential oil composition and chemotaxonomical appraisal of South African pelargoniums (Geraniaceae) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jacqueline Y. Y. Lalli, Auteur ; Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; K. Hüsnü, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 89-105 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pelargonium hetulinurn Pelargonium capitatum Pelargonium citronellum Pelargonium glutinosum Pelargonium graveolens Pelargonium hispidum Pelargonium pandurifomie Pelargonium papilionaceum Pelargonium quercifolium Pelargonium radens Pelargonium scabrum Pelargonium tomentosum Pelargonium vitifolium Geraniaceae Essential oil composition p-cymene Menthone Isomenthone Citronellyl formate Neral Geranial Viridiflorol T-cadinol Citronellic acid Decanoic acid Geranic acid Résumé : A plethora of information is available on the essential oil composition of commercially grown Pelargoniums namely P. capitatum, P. graveolens and P. radens and their hybrids, while only a few chemical investigations have been carried out on the other aromatic Pelargonium species indigenous to South Africa. The hydrodistilled leaf oils of 13 South African Pelargonium species of the genus Pelargonium (family Geraniaceae) were analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS and a total of 315 compounds were identified. The oil data was chemotaxonomically informative confirming taxonomic relationships i.e. between P. graveolens and P. radens, P. papilionaceum and P. vitifolium and between P. panduriforme and P. quercifolium. The oil compositions of P. citronellum, P. papilionaceum and P. vitifolium were different with respect to those of the other analyzed species in this study. Geranic acid was the most abundant oil constituent (36.0%) in P. citronellum (provenance NBG), which was the only species in which neral (17.4%) and geranial (27.2%) were detected. Citronellic acid dominated in the oils of P. papilionaceum (provenance NBG) and P. vitifolium (provenance SBG), occurring in amounts of 96.2% and 74.7%, respectively. The major monoterpene identified in P. radens (provenance NBG) and in the samples of P. graveolens (provenances SBG and WSBG) was isomenthone (84.5%, 65.8% and 83.3%, respectively). The P. tomentosum oil samples produced an essential oil rich in menthone (36.1-41.1%) and isomenthone (49.3-56.6%). The latter monoterpenic ketone was responsible for the chemical affinity demonstrated among P. graveolens, P. radens and P. tomentosum. p-Cymene was the principle component (37.6-45.4%) in both samples of P. panduriforme. It was also the major compound (54.9%) in P. auercifolium (provenance WSBG) followed by lesser amounts of viridiflorol (13.0%) and spathulenol (5.9%). Pelargonium quercifolium (provenance SBG) and P. capitatum (provenance WSBG) were characterized by a high viridiflorol content (24.0-36.6%). Pelargonium glutinosum (provenance SBG) was closely associated with the latter species; its oil was typified by oxygenated sesquiterpenes namely caryophyllene oxide (6.3%), spathulenol (6.9%) and viridiflorol (8.9%). Citronellyl formate (31.1%), citronellol (9.9%) and furopelargone B (6.1%) were most abundant in P. capitatum (provenance Strand). Pelargonium hispidum oil (provenance SBG) was characterized by decanoic acid (47.0%) and 2-decenoic acid (31.3%). Pelargonium scabrum produced an oil rich in 14-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene (27.9%). Pelargonium scabrum was associated with P. betulinum (provenance NBG) which was characterized by the oxygenated sesquiterpene T-cadinol (18.9%). ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019090 [article] The essential oil composition and chemotaxonomical appraisal of South African pelargoniums (Geraniaceae) [texte imprimé] / Jacqueline Y. Y. Lalli, Auteur ; Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; K. Hüsnü, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 89-105.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 89-105
Mots-clés : Pelargonium hetulinurn Pelargonium capitatum Pelargonium citronellum Pelargonium glutinosum Pelargonium graveolens Pelargonium hispidum Pelargonium pandurifomie Pelargonium papilionaceum Pelargonium quercifolium Pelargonium radens Pelargonium scabrum Pelargonium tomentosum Pelargonium vitifolium Geraniaceae Essential oil composition p-cymene Menthone Isomenthone Citronellyl formate Neral Geranial Viridiflorol T-cadinol Citronellic acid Decanoic acid Geranic acid Résumé : A plethora of information is available on the essential oil composition of commercially grown Pelargoniums namely P. capitatum, P. graveolens and P. radens and their hybrids, while only a few chemical investigations have been carried out on the other aromatic Pelargonium species indigenous to South Africa. The hydrodistilled leaf oils of 13 South African Pelargonium species of the genus Pelargonium (family Geraniaceae) were analyzed by means of GC and GC/MS and a total of 315 compounds were identified. The oil data was chemotaxonomically informative confirming taxonomic relationships i.e. between P. graveolens and P. radens, P. papilionaceum and P. vitifolium and between P. panduriforme and P. quercifolium. The oil compositions of P. citronellum, P. papilionaceum and P. vitifolium were different with respect to those of the other analyzed species in this study. Geranic acid was the most abundant oil constituent (36.0%) in P. citronellum (provenance NBG), which was the only species in which neral (17.4%) and geranial (27.2%) were detected. Citronellic acid dominated in the oils of P. papilionaceum (provenance NBG) and P. vitifolium (provenance SBG), occurring in amounts of 96.2% and 74.7%, respectively. The major monoterpene identified in P. radens (provenance NBG) and in the samples of P. graveolens (provenances SBG and WSBG) was isomenthone (84.5%, 65.8% and 83.3%, respectively). The P. tomentosum oil samples produced an essential oil rich in menthone (36.1-41.1%) and isomenthone (49.3-56.6%). The latter monoterpenic ketone was responsible for the chemical affinity demonstrated among P. graveolens, P. radens and P. tomentosum. p-Cymene was the principle component (37.6-45.4%) in both samples of P. panduriforme. It was also the major compound (54.9%) in P. auercifolium (provenance WSBG) followed by lesser amounts of viridiflorol (13.0%) and spathulenol (5.9%). Pelargonium quercifolium (provenance SBG) and P. capitatum (provenance WSBG) were characterized by a high viridiflorol content (24.0-36.6%). Pelargonium glutinosum (provenance SBG) was closely associated with the latter species; its oil was typified by oxygenated sesquiterpenes namely caryophyllene oxide (6.3%), spathulenol (6.9%) and viridiflorol (8.9%). Citronellyl formate (31.1%), citronellol (9.9%) and furopelargone B (6.1%) were most abundant in P. capitatum (provenance Strand). Pelargonium hispidum oil (provenance SBG) was characterized by decanoic acid (47.0%) and 2-decenoic acid (31.3%). Pelargonium scabrum produced an oil rich in 14-hydroxy-β-caryophyllene (27.9%). Pelargonium scabrum was associated with P. betulinum (provenance NBG) which was characterized by the oxygenated sesquiterpene T-cadinol (18.9%). ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019090
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 106-110
Titre : Plant shoot age and temperature effects on essential oil yield and oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) grown in South Africa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nozipho M. Motsa, Auteur ; Puffy Soundy, Auteur ; J. Martin Steyn, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 106-110 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pelargonium sp. Geraniaceae Geranium Essential oil composition Citronellol Geraniol Citronellyl formate Geranyl formate Guaia-6,9-diene Seasonal effect Oil yield Herbage yield Résumé : A field experiment was conducted during 2005/2006 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria, South Africa to investigate the changes in herbage yield, oil yield and the variation in the concentration of the major components of rose-scented geranium. The essential oil was isolated by steam-distillation and the composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC). The results revealed that herbage yield increased over time in the first four (autumn/winter) and five (spring/summer) months of the respective harvesting cycles. The plants harvested in the spring/summer cycle had higher herbage yield and oil percentage than plants harvested in the autumn/winter cycle. The decrease in oil percentage was associated with low night temperatures in the autumn/winter cycle. The geraniol content decreased with decreasing night temperatures in autumn/winter while the citronellol content showed a tendency to increase. Geraniol followed a similar trend when regressed against plant shoot age in both experimental cycles. The decrease in geraniol content with respect to plant shoot age, therefore, increased the citronellol: geraniol ratio in both experimental cycles. The spring/summer harvesting season was superior to the autumn/winter season in all commercial aspects of rose-scented geranium oil production. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019091 [article] Plant shoot age and temperature effects on essential oil yield and oil composition of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) grown in South Africa [texte imprimé] / Nozipho M. Motsa, Auteur ; Puffy Soundy, Auteur ; J. Martin Steyn, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 106-110.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 106-110
Mots-clés : Pelargonium sp. Geraniaceae Geranium Essential oil composition Citronellol Geraniol Citronellyl formate Geranyl formate Guaia-6,9-diene Seasonal effect Oil yield Herbage yield Résumé : A field experiment was conducted during 2005/2006 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria, South Africa to investigate the changes in herbage yield, oil yield and the variation in the concentration of the major components of rose-scented geranium. The essential oil was isolated by steam-distillation and the composition was determined by gas chromatography (GC). The results revealed that herbage yield increased over time in the first four (autumn/winter) and five (spring/summer) months of the respective harvesting cycles. The plants harvested in the spring/summer cycle had higher herbage yield and oil percentage than plants harvested in the autumn/winter cycle. The decrease in oil percentage was associated with low night temperatures in the autumn/winter cycle. The geraniol content decreased with decreasing night temperatures in autumn/winter while the citronellol content showed a tendency to increase. Geraniol followed a similar trend when regressed against plant shoot age in both experimental cycles. The decrease in geraniol content with respect to plant shoot age, therefore, increased the citronellol: geraniol ratio in both experimental cycles. The spring/summer harvesting season was superior to the autumn/winter season in all commercial aspects of rose-scented geranium oil production. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019091
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 111-115
Titre : Response of herbage yield, essential oil yield and composition of South African rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) to conventional and organic nitrogen Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hintsa T. Araya, Auteur ; Puffy Soundy, Auteur ; J. Martin Steyn, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 111-115 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pelargonium sp. Geraniaceae Geranium Essential oil composition Geraniol Guaia-6,9-diene Citronellol Citro- nelly formate Résumé : A field experiment was conducted on rose-scented geranium in Pretoria, South Africa, to evaluate the response of plants to amount and source of N. Treatments consisted of two sources of N, comprising conventional or organic fertiliser sources at 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha N/year and a control (zero kg/ha N/year). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The oil content of the plants (sub sample of 10 kg from each treatment) was determined by steam distillation and oil samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). At the first harvest (summer/autumn), there was no significant effect of conventional N on fresh herbage and oil yield, probably due to leaching of N by rainfall. However, organic N at 100 kg/ha increased fresh herbage and oil yields by 57.5% and 47.9% over the control, respectively. In the second harvest (spring/summer), fresh herbage yield increased by 46.3% (conventional N) and 60.3% (organic N) at 100 kg/ha compared to the control. Compared to the control, 100 kg/ha conventional and organic N also increased essential oil yields by 93.6% and 129.4%, respectively. Increasing N levels of both sources increased citronellol percentage, in the first harvest. In the second harvest, organic N increased citronellol percentage, whereas conventional N had no effect. In both harvests, no effect of conventional N was observed on geraniol percentage compared to the control. Except for the 100 kg/ha level, the same was true for organic N. In the first harvest, application of conventional N beyond 200 kg/ha and all levels of organic N reduced guaia-6,9-diene percentage, while in the second harvest, it was not significantly influenced by either source or level of N. This study revealed that rose-scented geranium produced higher fresh herbage and essential oil yield when organic fertilizer was used as a source of N. Furthermore, N application influenced oil composition. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019092 [article] Response of herbage yield, essential oil yield and composition of South African rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.) to conventional and organic nitrogen [texte imprimé] / Hintsa T. Araya, Auteur ; Puffy Soundy, Auteur ; J. Martin Steyn, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 111-115.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 111-115
Mots-clés : Pelargonium sp. Geraniaceae Geranium Essential oil composition Geraniol Guaia-6,9-diene Citronellol Citro- nelly formate Résumé : A field experiment was conducted on rose-scented geranium in Pretoria, South Africa, to evaluate the response of plants to amount and source of N. Treatments consisted of two sources of N, comprising conventional or organic fertiliser sources at 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha N/year and a control (zero kg/ha N/year). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design. The oil content of the plants (sub sample of 10 kg from each treatment) was determined by steam distillation and oil samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). At the first harvest (summer/autumn), there was no significant effect of conventional N on fresh herbage and oil yield, probably due to leaching of N by rainfall. However, organic N at 100 kg/ha increased fresh herbage and oil yields by 57.5% and 47.9% over the control, respectively. In the second harvest (spring/summer), fresh herbage yield increased by 46.3% (conventional N) and 60.3% (organic N) at 100 kg/ha compared to the control. Compared to the control, 100 kg/ha conventional and organic N also increased essential oil yields by 93.6% and 129.4%, respectively. Increasing N levels of both sources increased citronellol percentage, in the first harvest. In the second harvest, organic N increased citronellol percentage, whereas conventional N had no effect. In both harvests, no effect of conventional N was observed on geraniol percentage compared to the control. Except for the 100 kg/ha level, the same was true for organic N. In the first harvest, application of conventional N beyond 200 kg/ha and all levels of organic N reduced guaia-6,9-diene percentage, while in the second harvest, it was not significantly influenced by either source or level of N. This study revealed that rose-scented geranium produced higher fresh herbage and essential oil yield when organic fertilizer was used as a source of N. Furthermore, N application influenced oil composition. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019092
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 116-121
Titre : Quality of geranium oils (Pelargonium Species) : Case studies in southern and Eastern Africa Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : H. Rodolfo Juliani, Auteur ; Adolfina Koroch, Auteur ; James E. Simon, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 116-121 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pelargonium sp Geraniaceae Geranium Essential oil composition Citronellol Geraniol Linalool Organoleptic profile Germplasm Résumé : As several sub-Saharan African countries are entering into the commercial production of geranium essential oils, this work sought to characterize the oil quality of Pelargonium sp. based on organoleptic, physicochemical and chemical properties from different Southern and East African countries to highlight the importance of germplasm selection in the commercial production of oils and to develop base-line yield information. In 2002, Rwanda began to rebuild their essential oil industry, and locally available Pelargonium cultivars were introduced into cultivation trials. The organoleptic evaluation and chemical profile (citronellol 13%, linalool 18% and geraniol 35%) showed that these oils were not suitable for international markets, but may have an important role in domestic markets. In an effort to upgrade the essential oil industry to higher standards, new geranium plantlets of the Bourbon type were obtained from South Africa and distributed to several sites in Southern and Eastern Africa. The newly introduced cultivar yielded essential oils with a suitable organoleptic and chemical profile (citronellol 31%, linalool 3% and geraniol 7%). In Zambia, a commercial grower was also producing geranium oils that were later deemed not suitable for international markets. While in Madagascar, a country with a long history of producing geranium in small land units by many small-scale commercial farmers, those samples analyzed in this study were found to produce high quality oil similar to the Bourbon type. These results clearly demonstrate that the selection and introduction of a specific strain or chemotype with the acceptable organoleptic and chemical profiles are among the key factors needed to obtain high quality essential oils that will meet international expectations and standards, prerequisites for the successful establishment and sustainability of an essential oil targeted for the global trade. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019093 [article] Quality of geranium oils (Pelargonium Species) : Case studies in southern and Eastern Africa [texte imprimé] / H. Rodolfo Juliani, Auteur ; Adolfina Koroch, Auteur ; James E. Simon, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 116-121.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 116-121
Mots-clés : Pelargonium sp Geraniaceae Geranium Essential oil composition Citronellol Geraniol Linalool Organoleptic profile Germplasm Résumé : As several sub-Saharan African countries are entering into the commercial production of geranium essential oils, this work sought to characterize the oil quality of Pelargonium sp. based on organoleptic, physicochemical and chemical properties from different Southern and East African countries to highlight the importance of germplasm selection in the commercial production of oils and to develop base-line yield information. In 2002, Rwanda began to rebuild their essential oil industry, and locally available Pelargonium cultivars were introduced into cultivation trials. The organoleptic evaluation and chemical profile (citronellol 13%, linalool 18% and geraniol 35%) showed that these oils were not suitable for international markets, but may have an important role in domestic markets. In an effort to upgrade the essential oil industry to higher standards, new geranium plantlets of the Bourbon type were obtained from South Africa and distributed to several sites in Southern and Eastern Africa. The newly introduced cultivar yielded essential oils with a suitable organoleptic and chemical profile (citronellol 31%, linalool 3% and geraniol 7%). In Zambia, a commercial grower was also producing geranium oils that were later deemed not suitable for international markets. While in Madagascar, a country with a long history of producing geranium in small land units by many small-scale commercial farmers, those samples analyzed in this study were found to produce high quality oil similar to the Bourbon type. These results clearly demonstrate that the selection and introduction of a specific strain or chemotype with the acceptable organoleptic and chemical profiles are among the key factors needed to obtain high quality essential oils that will meet international expectations and standards, prerequisites for the successful establishment and sustainability of an essential oil targeted for the global trade. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019093
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 122-123
Titre : Composition of the essential oil of Euchaetis albertiniana I.J.M. williams Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 122-123 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Euchaetis albertiniana Rutaceae Essential oil composition α-pinene β-pinene Sabinene Myrcene Linalool Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oil from herbal parts of Euchaetis albertiniana was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-seven compounds were characterized representing 97.7% of the oil with α-pinene (17.5%), β-pinene (14%), 1,8-cineole + P-phellandrene (10.3%), sabinene (10.2%), myrcene (10.0%) and linalool (10.0%) as main constituents. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019094 [article] Composition of the essential oil of Euchaetis albertiniana I.J.M. williams [texte imprimé] / K. H. C. Başer, Auteur ; B. Demirci, Auteur ; T. Özek, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 122-123.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 122-123
Mots-clés : Euchaetis albertiniana Rutaceae Essential oil composition α-pinene β-pinene Sabinene Myrcene Linalool Résumé : Hydrodistilled essential oil from herbal parts of Euchaetis albertiniana was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Fifty-seven compounds were characterized representing 97.7% of the oil with α-pinene (17.5%), β-pinene (14%), 1,8-cineole + P-phellandrene (10.3%), sabinene (10.2%), myrcene (10.0%) and linalool (10.0%) as main constituents. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019094
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 124-128
Titre : Essential oil composition and in vitro biological activities of seven namibian species of Eriocephalus L. (Asteraceae) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Elizabeth W. Njenga, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 124-128 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Eriocephalus dinteri Eriocephalus ericoides subsp. ericoides Eriocephalus klinghardtensis Eriocephalus luederitzianus Eriocephalus merxmuelleri Eriocephalus pinnatus Eriocephalus scariosus Asteraceae Namibia Essential oil composition Chemotaxonomy α-pinene β-pinene 1,8-cineole Santolina alcohol Linalool Chrysanthenone Camphor α-longipinene P-caryophyllene Antimicrobial activity Anti-inflammatory activity Résumé : The essential oil composition of seven Namibian Eriocephalus species (E. dinteri, E. ericoides subsp. ericoides, E. klinghardtensis, E. luederitzianus, E. merxmuelleri, E. pinnatus, E. scariosus) were determined by GC and GC/MS. The oils of E. ericoides subsp. ericoides (sample 1), E. merxmuelleri and E. scariosus were found to be rich in 1,8-cineole and camphor. Eriocephalus scariosus oil contained santolina alcohol (14.8%). The highest levels of camphor (38.4%) was found in E. dinteri oil. The major component of E. ericoides subsp. ericoides (sample 2) was linalool (10.4%). A chemical similarity between E. luederitzianus and E. klinghardtensis was observed which both accumulated high levels of α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. Eriocephalus luederitzianus oil contained α-longipinene (10.3%) and β-caryophyllene (13.3%). The morphologically anomalous E. pinnatus was very different in oil composition when compared to the other taxa and is characterized by isoamyl 2-methylbutyrate (7.9%) and isoamyl valerate (6.5%). Antimicrobial disc diffusion assays and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were performed on all seven species. Good antifungal activity was noted for E. ericoides subsp. ericoides. Highest activities were noted for E. merxmuelleri against the Gram-positive test organisms and generally poor activity was noted against the Gram-negative test organisms for all species. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oils were assessed using the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme and E. dinteri displayed the most promising inhibition (IC50 = 35 μg/ml). ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019095 [article] Essential oil composition and in vitro biological activities of seven namibian species of Eriocephalus L. (Asteraceae) [texte imprimé] / Alvaro M. Viljoen, Auteur ; Elizabeth W. Njenga, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 124-128.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 124-128
Mots-clés : Eriocephalus dinteri Eriocephalus ericoides subsp. ericoides Eriocephalus klinghardtensis Eriocephalus luederitzianus Eriocephalus merxmuelleri Eriocephalus pinnatus Eriocephalus scariosus Asteraceae Namibia Essential oil composition Chemotaxonomy α-pinene β-pinene 1,8-cineole Santolina alcohol Linalool Chrysanthenone Camphor α-longipinene P-caryophyllene Antimicrobial activity Anti-inflammatory activity Résumé : The essential oil composition of seven Namibian Eriocephalus species (E. dinteri, E. ericoides subsp. ericoides, E. klinghardtensis, E. luederitzianus, E. merxmuelleri, E. pinnatus, E. scariosus) were determined by GC and GC/MS. The oils of E. ericoides subsp. ericoides (sample 1), E. merxmuelleri and E. scariosus were found to be rich in 1,8-cineole and camphor. Eriocephalus scariosus oil contained santolina alcohol (14.8%). The highest levels of camphor (38.4%) was found in E. dinteri oil. The major component of E. ericoides subsp. ericoides (sample 2) was linalool (10.4%). A chemical similarity between E. luederitzianus and E. klinghardtensis was observed which both accumulated high levels of α-pinene, β-pinene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. Eriocephalus luederitzianus oil contained α-longipinene (10.3%) and β-caryophyllene (13.3%). The morphologically anomalous E. pinnatus was very different in oil composition when compared to the other taxa and is characterized by isoamyl 2-methylbutyrate (7.9%) and isoamyl valerate (6.5%). Antimicrobial disc diffusion assays and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were performed on all seven species. Good antifungal activity was noted for E. ericoides subsp. ericoides. Highest activities were noted for E. merxmuelleri against the Gram-positive test organisms and generally poor activity was noted against the Gram-negative test organisms for all species. The anti-inflammatory activity of the oils were assessed using the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) enzyme and E. dinteri displayed the most promising inhibition (IC50 = 35 μg/ml). ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019095
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 129-133
Titre : The biological activities of 20 nature identical essential oil constituents Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Robyn L. Van Zyl, Auteur ; Sammy T. Seatlholo, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 129-133 Note générale : Génie Chimique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Nature identical essential oil constituent (-)-α-bisabolol Geraniol (±)-linalool (E- & Z-)-(±)-nerolidol (-)-citronellal Trans-geranyl acetate Linalyl acetate (±)-α+β-thujone (+)-carvone (-)-fenchone (-)-menthone (-)-pulegone Carvacrol Eugenol (+)-α-pinene (+)-β-pinene γ-terpinene p-cymene 1,8-cineole (+)-limonene Antimicrobial activity Antimalarial activity Antioxidant activity Toxicity Résumé : Twenty nature identical essential oil constituents from seven structural groups were tested for antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant and toxicity properties. The compounds displayed antimalarial activity (IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 1528.8 μM) with varying toxicity (IC50 values ranging from 5.5 to 1358.4 pM). The data indicates that (-)-pulegone, (E- & Z-)-(±)-nerolidol, linalyl acetate and (+)-α-pinene have the most potent antimalaial activity. Carvacrol (MIC values ranging from <1.66 to 13.3 mM) followed by geraniol (MIC values: 19.5-51.9 mM) displayed the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The least toxic of the tested compounds, eugenol, was the only compound with antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid. The results demonstrate that the 20 compounds individually display variable biological activity, although further research is required to determine how they may interact when combined. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019096 [article] The biological activities of 20 nature identical essential oil constituents [texte imprimé] / Robyn L. Van Zyl, Auteur ; Sammy T. Seatlholo, Auteur ; Sandy F. Van Vuuren, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 129-133.
Génie Chimique
Langues : Anglais (eng)
in The journal of essential oil research > Vol. 18 N° Spécial (Juillet 2006) . - pp. 129-133
Mots-clés : Nature identical essential oil constituent (-)-α-bisabolol Geraniol (±)-linalool (E- & Z-)-(±)-nerolidol (-)-citronellal Trans-geranyl acetate Linalyl acetate (±)-α+β-thujone (+)-carvone (-)-fenchone (-)-menthone (-)-pulegone Carvacrol Eugenol (+)-α-pinene (+)-β-pinene γ-terpinene p-cymene 1,8-cineole (+)-limonene Antimicrobial activity Antimalarial activity Antioxidant activity Toxicity Résumé : Twenty nature identical essential oil constituents from seven structural groups were tested for antimalarial, antimicrobial, antioxidant and toxicity properties. The compounds displayed antimalarial activity (IC50 values ranging from 0.9 to 1528.8 μM) with varying toxicity (IC50 values ranging from 5.5 to 1358.4 pM). The data indicates that (-)-pulegone, (E- & Z-)-(±)-nerolidol, linalyl acetate and (+)-α-pinene have the most potent antimalaial activity. Carvacrol (MIC values ranging from <1.66 to 13.3 mM) followed by geraniol (MIC values: 19.5-51.9 mM) displayed the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The least toxic of the tested compounds, eugenol, was the only compound with antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid. The results demonstrate that the 20 compounds individually display variable biological activity, although further research is required to determine how they may interact when combined. ISSN : 1041-2905 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18019096
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