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Fluorescence and fiber-optics based real-time thickness sensor for dynamic liquid films / T. W. Ng in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 132 N° 3 (Mars 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 132 N° 3 (Mars 2010) . - pp. [031603-1/12] Titre : Fluorescence and fiber-optics based real-time thickness sensor for dynamic liquid films Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : T. W. Ng, Auteur ; A. Narain, Auteur ; M. T. Kivisalu, Auteur Article en page(s) : pp. [031603-1/12] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Liquid  film  thickness  measurements  Real-time  liquid  thickness  sensor  Fiber-optic  sensor  Dynamic  liquid  film  Liquid-vapor  interface  Fluorescence  probe Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : To overcome the limitations/disadvantages of many known liquid film thickness sensing devices (viz. conductivity probes, reflectance based fiber-optics probes, capacitance probes, etc.), a new liquid film thickness sensor that utilizes fluorescence phenomena and fiber-optic technology has been developed and reported here. Measurements from this sensor are expected to facilitate better understanding of liquid film dynamics in various adiabatic, evaporating, and condensing film flows. The sensor accurately measures the instantaneous thickness of a dynamically changing liquid film in such a way that the probe does not perturb the flow dynamics in the proximity of the probe's tip. This is achieved by having the probe's exposed surface embedded flush with the surface over which the liquid film flows, and by making arrangements for processing the signals associated with the emission and collection of light (in distinctly different wavelength windows) at the probe's flush surface. Instantaneous film thickness in the range of 0.5–3.0 mm can accurately (with a resolution that is within ±0.09 mm over 0.5–1.5 mm range and within ±0.18 mm over 1.5–3.0 mm range) be measured by the sensor described in this paper. Although this paper only demonstrates the sensor's ability for dynamic film thickness measurements carried out for a doped liquid called FC-72 (perfluorohexane or C6F14 from 3M Corporation, Minneapolis, MN), the approach and development/calibration procedure described here can be extended, under similar circumstances, to some other liquid films and other thickness ranges as well. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Fluorescence and fiber-optics based real-time thickness sensor for dynamic liquid films [texte imprimé] / T. W. Ng, Auteur ; A. Narain, Auteur ; M. T. Kivisalu, Auteur . - pp. [031603-1/12]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 132 N° 3 (Mars 2010) . - pp. [031603-1/12] Mots-clés : Liquid  film  thickness  measurements  Real-time  liquid  thickness  sensor  Fiber-optic  sensor  Dynamic  liquid  film  Liquid-vapor  interface  Fluorescence  probe Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : To overcome the limitations/disadvantages of many known liquid film thickness sensing devices (viz. conductivity probes, reflectance based fiber-optics probes, capacitance probes, etc.), a new liquid film thickness sensor that utilizes fluorescence phenomena and fiber-optic technology has been developed and reported here. Measurements from this sensor are expected to facilitate better understanding of liquid film dynamics in various adiabatic, evaporating, and condensing film flows. The sensor accurately measures the instantaneous thickness of a dynamically changing liquid film in such a way that the probe does not perturb the flow dynamics in the proximity of the probe's tip. This is achieved by having the probe's exposed surface embedded flush with the surface over which the liquid film flows, and by making arrangements for processing the signals associated with the emission and collection of light (in distinctly different wavelength windows) at the probe's flush surface. Instantaneous film thickness in the range of 0.5–3.0 mm can accurately (with a resolution that is within ±0.09 mm over 0.5–1.5 mm range and within ±0.18 mm over 1.5–3.0 mm range) be measured by the sensor described in this paper. Although this paper only demonstrates the sensor's ability for dynamic film thickness measurements carried out for a doped liquid called FC-72 (perfluorohexane or C6F14 from 3M Corporation, Minneapolis, MN), the approach and development/calibration procedure described here can be extended, under similar circumstances, to some other liquid films and other thickness ranges as well. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]

Forced flow of vapor condensing over a horizontal plate (Problem of Cess and Koh): steady and unsteady solutions of the full 2D problem / S. Kulkarni in Journal of heat transfer, Vol. 132 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 132 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - 101502-1/18] Titre : Forced flow of vapor condensing over a horizontal plate (Problem of Cess and Koh): steady and unsteady solutions of the full 2D problem Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : S. Kulkarni, Auteur ; A. Narain, Auteur ; Mitra, S., Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : 101502-1/18] Note générale : Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Film  condensation  Phase-change  heat  transfer  Two-phase  flows  Stability  Instability  Interfacial  waves Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Accurate steady and unsteady numerical solutions of the full 2D governing equations—which model the forced film condensation flow of saturated vapor over a semi-infinite horizontal plate (the problem of Cess and Koh)—are obtained over a range of flow parameters. The results presented here are used to better understand the limitations of the well-known similarity solutions given by Koh. It is found that steady/quasisteady filmwise solution exists only if the inlet speed is above a certain threshold value. Above this threshold speed, steady/quasisteady film condensation solutions exist and their film thickness variations are approximately the same as the similarity solution given by Koh. However, these steady solutions differ from the Koh solution regarding pressure variations and associated effects in the leading part of the plate. Besides results based on the solutions of the full steady governing equations, this paper also presents unsteady solutions that characterize the steady solutions' attainability, stability (response to initial disturbances), and their response to ever-present minuscule noise on the condensing-surface. For this shear-driven flow, the paper finds that if the uniform vapor speed is above a threshold value, an unsteady solution that begins with any reasonable initial-guess is attracted in time to a steady solution. This long time limiting solution is the same—within computational errors—as the solution of the steady problem. The reported unsteady solutions that yield the steady solution in the long time limit also yield “attraction rates” for nonlinear stability analysis of the steady solutions. The attraction rates are found to diminish gradually with increasing distance from the leading edge and with decreasing inlet vapor speed. These steady solutions are generally found to be stable to initial disturbances on the interface as well as in any flow variable in the interior of the flow domain. The results for low vapor speeds below the threshold value indicate that the unsteady solutions exhibit nonexistence of any steady limit of filmwise flow in the aft portion of the solution. Even when a steady solution exists, the flow attainability is also shown to be difficult (because of waviness and other sensitivities) at large downstream distances. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...] [article] Forced flow of vapor condensing over a horizontal plate (Problem of Cess and Koh): steady and unsteady solutions of the full 2D problem [texte imprimé] / S. Kulkarni, Auteur ; A. Narain, Auteur ; Mitra, S., Auteur . - 2010 . - 101502-1/18]. Physique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of heat transfer > Vol. 132 N° 10 (Octobre 2010) . - 101502-1/18] Mots-clés : Film  condensation  Phase-change  heat  transfer  Two-phase  flows  Stability  Instability  Interfacial  waves Index. décimale : 536 Chaleur. Thermodynamique Résumé : Accurate steady and unsteady numerical solutions of the full 2D governing equations—which model the forced film condensation flow of saturated vapor over a semi-infinite horizontal plate (the problem of Cess and Koh)—are obtained over a range of flow parameters. The results presented here are used to better understand the limitations of the well-known similarity solutions given by Koh. It is found that steady/quasisteady filmwise solution exists only if the inlet speed is above a certain threshold value. Above this threshold speed, steady/quasisteady film condensation solutions exist and their film thickness variations are approximately the same as the similarity solution given by Koh. However, these steady solutions differ from the Koh solution regarding pressure variations and associated effects in the leading part of the plate. Besides results based on the solutions of the full steady governing equations, this paper also presents unsteady solutions that characterize the steady solutions' attainability, stability (response to initial disturbances), and their response to ever-present minuscule noise on the condensing-surface. For this shear-driven flow, the paper finds that if the uniform vapor speed is above a threshold value, an unsteady solution that begins with any reasonable initial-guess is attracted in time to a steady solution. This long time limiting solution is the same—within computational errors—as the solution of the steady problem. The reported unsteady solutions that yield the steady solution in the long time limit also yield “attraction rates” for nonlinear stability analysis of the steady solutions. The attraction rates are found to diminish gradually with increasing distance from the leading edge and with decreasing inlet vapor speed. These steady solutions are generally found to be stable to initial disturbances on the interface as well as in any flow variable in the interior of the flow domain. The results for low vapor speeds below the threshold value indicate that the unsteady solutions exhibit nonexistence of any steady limit of filmwise flow in the aft portion of the solution. Even when a steady solution exists, the flow attainability is also shown to be difficult (because of waviness and other sensitivities) at large downstream distances. DEWEY : 536 ISSN : 0022-1481 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/vsearch/servlet/VerityServlet?KEY=JHTRAO&ONLINE=YES&smode= [...]