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Continuous polyolefin cracking on an HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst in a conical spouted bed reactor / Gorka Elordi in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 50 N° 10 (Mai 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 10 (Mai 2011) . - pp. 6061-6070 Titre : Continuous polyolefin cracking on an HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst in a conical spouted bed reactor Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gorka Elordi, Auteur ; Martin Olazar, Auteur ; Gartzen Lopez, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 6061-6070 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Reactor  Fluidization  Spouted  bed  Catalyst  Zeolite  Cracking Résumé : The effect of operating conditions on product yields and compositions has been studied in the catalytic cracking of polyolefins (high- and low-density polyethylene and polypropylene) in a conical spouted bed reactor. The catalyst has been prepared by agglomerating an HZSM-5 zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 30) with bentonite and alumina. The study has been carried out in continuous mode, in the 450-570 °C range, with polyolefin flow rates between 1 and 2 g min-1 and feeding up to 1 kg of polyolefin into a 30 g catalyst bed. The result is an excellent performance of the reactor-catalyst pairing for continuous catalytic pyrolysis, given that the yields obtained in the pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene at 500 °C without defluidization problems and very low catalyst deactivation are as follows: 60 wt % C2-C4 olefins, 15 wt % nonaromatic C5-C11, hydrocarbons, 10 wt % single-ring aromatics, and 14 wt % C4- alkanes. Only small differences are observed in the pyrolysis of the different polyolefins. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24158904 [article] Continuous polyolefin cracking on an HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst in a conical spouted bed reactor [texte imprimé] / Gorka Elordi, Auteur ; Martin Olazar, Auteur ; Gartzen Lopez, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 6061-6070. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 10 (Mai 2011) . - pp. 6061-6070 Mots-clés : Reactor  Fluidization  Spouted  bed  Catalyst  Zeolite  Cracking Résumé : The effect of operating conditions on product yields and compositions has been studied in the catalytic cracking of polyolefins (high- and low-density polyethylene and polypropylene) in a conical spouted bed reactor. The catalyst has been prepared by agglomerating an HZSM-5 zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 30) with bentonite and alumina. The study has been carried out in continuous mode, in the 450-570 °C range, with polyolefin flow rates between 1 and 2 g min-1 and feeding up to 1 kg of polyolefin into a 30 g catalyst bed. The result is an excellent performance of the reactor-catalyst pairing for continuous catalytic pyrolysis, given that the yields obtained in the pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene at 500 °C without defluidization problems and very low catalyst deactivation are as follows: 60 wt % C2-C4 olefins, 15 wt % nonaromatic C5-C11, hydrocarbons, 10 wt % single-ring aromatics, and 14 wt % C4- alkanes. Only small differences are observed in the pyrolysis of the different polyolefins. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24158904

Polyethylene cracking on a spent FCC catalyst in a conical spouted bed / Gorka Elordi in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 43 (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 43 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 14008-14017 Titre : Polyethylene cracking on a spent FCC catalyst in a conical spouted bed Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gorka Elordi, Auteur ; Martin Olazar, Auteur ; Pedro Castano, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 14008-14017 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fluidization  Spouted  bed  Catalyst  Cracking Résumé : The catalytic cracking of HDPE (high density polyethylene) at 500 °C using a spent FCC catalyst agglomerated with bentonite (50 wt %) has been studied in a conical spouted bed reactor. The reaction is carried out in continuous regime (1 g min―1 of HDPE is fed) with no bed defluidization problems. The results obtained, namely, total conversion, and high yields of gasoline (C5―C11 fraction) (50 wt %) and C2―C4 olefins (28 wt %), are explained by favorable reactor conditions and good catalyst properties. These results are compared with those for a catalyst prepared in the laboratory by agglomerating a commercial HY zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 5.2). The conical spouted bed is a suitable reactor for enhancing the physical steps of melting the polymer and coating the catalyst with the melted polymer. Furthermore, high heat and mass transfer rates promote devolatilization, and short residence times minimize secondary reactions from olefins by enhancing primary cracking products. The meso- and macroporous structure of the spent FCC catalyst matrix enhances the diffusion of long polymer chains, whereas the zeolite crystals have micropores that give a proper shape selectivity to form the lumps of gasoline and light olefins. Because of long use in reaction-regeneration cycles, the moderate acidity of the spent FCC catalyst minimizes the secondary reactions of hydrogen transfer, and so restricts the formation of aromatics and paraffins, as well as the reactions of overcracking and condensation and, therefore, the coke formation. The spent FCC catalyst exhibits a low deactivation rate and is regenerable by coke combustion with air at 550 °C. Consequently, the use of a catalyst with the sole cost of a simple agglomeration and the production of value added product streams make the process of polyolefin catalytic cracking a promising option for refinery integration. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26593328 [article] Polyethylene cracking on a spent FCC catalyst in a conical spouted bed [texte imprimé] / Gorka Elordi, Auteur ; Martin Olazar, Auteur ; Pedro Castano, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 14008-14017. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 43 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 14008-14017 Mots-clés : Fluidization  Spouted  bed  Catalyst  Cracking Résumé : The catalytic cracking of HDPE (high density polyethylene) at 500 °C using a spent FCC catalyst agglomerated with bentonite (50 wt %) has been studied in a conical spouted bed reactor. The reaction is carried out in continuous regime (1 g min―1 of HDPE is fed) with no bed defluidization problems. The results obtained, namely, total conversion, and high yields of gasoline (C5―C11 fraction) (50 wt %) and C2―C4 olefins (28 wt %), are explained by favorable reactor conditions and good catalyst properties. These results are compared with those for a catalyst prepared in the laboratory by agglomerating a commercial HY zeolite (SiO2/Al2O3 = 5.2). The conical spouted bed is a suitable reactor for enhancing the physical steps of melting the polymer and coating the catalyst with the melted polymer. Furthermore, high heat and mass transfer rates promote devolatilization, and short residence times minimize secondary reactions from olefins by enhancing primary cracking products. The meso- and macroporous structure of the spent FCC catalyst matrix enhances the diffusion of long polymer chains, whereas the zeolite crystals have micropores that give a proper shape selectivity to form the lumps of gasoline and light olefins. Because of long use in reaction-regeneration cycles, the moderate acidity of the spent FCC catalyst minimizes the secondary reactions of hydrogen transfer, and so restricts the formation of aromatics and paraffins, as well as the reactions of overcracking and condensation and, therefore, the coke formation. The spent FCC catalyst exhibits a low deactivation rate and is regenerable by coke combustion with air at 550 °C. Consequently, the use of a catalyst with the sole cost of a simple agglomeration and the production of value added product streams make the process of polyolefin catalytic cracking a promising option for refinery integration. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26593328

Product yields and compositions in the continuous pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene in a conical spouted bed reactor / Gorka Elordi in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 50 N° 11 (Juin 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 11 (Juin 2011) . - pp 6650–6659 Titre : Product yields and compositions in the continuous pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene in a conical spouted bed reactor Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Gorka Elordi, Auteur ; Martin Olazar, Auteur ; Gartzen Lopez, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp 6650–6659 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Pyrolysis  High  density  Polyethylene Résumé : The pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been carried out in the range between 500 and 700 °C in continuous mode in a pilot-plant unit equipped with a conical spouted bed reactor. The products have been grouped into the lumps of gas (C4–), gasoline (C5–C11), diesel (C12–C20), and waxes (C21+). The product yields and compositions of these fractions were compared both to those previously obtained in the pyrolysis performed in discontinuous mode and to those obtained by other authors in fluidized bed reactors. The results confirm the optimal performance of the conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) in obtaining high yields of waxes and fuels with low aromatic content, which is explained by the appropriate conditions of the CSBR needed to enhance heat and mass transfer between phases (capacity for coating the sand with plastic) and minimize secondary reactions (short residence time of the volatiles). DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200186m [article] Product yields and compositions in the continuous pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene in a conical spouted bed reactor [texte imprimé] / Gorka Elordi, Auteur ; Martin Olazar, Auteur ; Gartzen Lopez, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp 6650–6659. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 11 (Juin 2011) . - pp 6650–6659 Mots-clés : Pyrolysis  High  density  Polyethylene Résumé : The pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) has been carried out in the range between 500 and 700 °C in continuous mode in a pilot-plant unit equipped with a conical spouted bed reactor. The products have been grouped into the lumps of gas (C4–), gasoline (C5–C11), diesel (C12–C20), and waxes (C21+). The product yields and compositions of these fractions were compared both to those previously obtained in the pyrolysis performed in discontinuous mode and to those obtained by other authors in fluidized bed reactors. The results confirm the optimal performance of the conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) in obtaining high yields of waxes and fuels with low aromatic content, which is explained by the appropriate conditions of the CSBR needed to enhance heat and mass transfer between phases (capacity for coating the sand with plastic) and minimize secondary reactions (short residence time of the volatiles). DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie200186m

Production of light olefins from polyethylene in a two-step process / Maite Artetxe in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 43 (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 43 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 13915-13923 Titre : Production of light olefins from polyethylene in a two-step process : Pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed and downstream high-temperature thermal cracking Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Maite Artetxe, Auteur ; Gartzen Lopez, Auteur ; Gorka Elordi, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 13915-13923 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Thermal  cracking  Fluidization  Spouted  bed  Pyrolysis  Production Résumé : A two-step process has been used for the selective production of light olefins by the thermal cracking of high-density polyethylene. The plastic has been continuously fed into a conical spouted-bed reactor (CSBR) operating at 500 °C, which yields 93 wt % of waxes (C21+) and C12―C21 hydrocarbons. The volatile product stream has been cracked downstream in a multitubular (quartz tubes) reactor in the 800-950 °C range, with short residence times (0.016―0.032 s). A yield of 77 wt % of light olefins (C2―C4) has been obtained by operating at 900 °C in the second step. The maximum yields of ethylene, propylene, and butenes are 40.4, 19.5, and 17.5 wt %, respectively. Given the short residence time of the products in the reactor, the yield of aromatics is only 6.2 wt %. The high light olefin yield is due to the excellent performance of both steps. The CSBR allows maximizing the yield of waxes and avoiding defluidization problems. The operating conditions in the multitubular reactor (low concentration of the compounds in the volatile stream and short volatile residence times) are suitable for minimizing secondary reactions. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26593318 [article] Production of light olefins from polyethylene in a two-step process : Pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed and downstream high-temperature thermal cracking [texte imprimé] / Maite Artetxe, Auteur ; Gartzen Lopez, Auteur ; Gorka Elordi, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 13915-13923. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 43 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 13915-13923 Mots-clés : Thermal  cracking  Fluidization  Spouted  bed  Pyrolysis  Production Résumé : A two-step process has been used for the selective production of light olefins by the thermal cracking of high-density polyethylene. The plastic has been continuously fed into a conical spouted-bed reactor (CSBR) operating at 500 °C, which yields 93 wt % of waxes (C21+) and C12―C21 hydrocarbons. The volatile product stream has been cracked downstream in a multitubular (quartz tubes) reactor in the 800-950 °C range, with short residence times (0.016―0.032 s). A yield of 77 wt % of light olefins (C2―C4) has been obtained by operating at 900 °C in the second step. The maximum yields of ethylene, propylene, and butenes are 40.4, 19.5, and 17.5 wt %, respectively. Given the short residence time of the products in the reactor, the yield of aromatics is only 6.2 wt %. The high light olefin yield is due to the excellent performance of both steps. The CSBR allows maximizing the yield of waxes and avoiding defluidization problems. The operating conditions in the multitubular reactor (low concentration of the compounds in the volatile stream and short volatile residence times) are suitable for minimizing secondary reactions. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26593318