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Dynamic adaptation of aerodynamic flame stabilization of a premix swirl burner to fuel reactivity using fuel momentum / J. Sangl in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 133 N° 7 (Juillet 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 133 N° 7 (Juillet 2011) . - 11 p. Titre : Dynamic adaptation of aerodynamic flame stabilization of a premix swirl burner to fuel reactivity using fuel momentum Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : J. Sangl, Auteur ; C. Mayer, Auteur ; T. Sattelmayer, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 11 p. Note générale : Turbines à gaz Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Syngas  Hydrogen  Fuel  momentum  Swirl  stabilized  burner  Flame  stabilization Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Due to the expected increase in available fuel gas variants in the future and the interest in independence from a specific fuel, fuel flexible combustion systems are required for future gas turbine applications. Changing the fuel used for lean premixed combustion can lead to serious reliability problems in gas turbine engines caused by the different physical and chemical properties of these gases. A new innovative approach to reach efficient, safe, and low-emission operation for fuels such as natural gas, syntheses gas, and hydrogen with the same burner is presented in this paper. The basic idea is to use the additionally available fuel momentum of highly reactive gases stemming from their lower Wobbe index (lower volumetric heating value and density) compared with lowly reactive fuels. Using fuel momentum opens the opportunity to influence the vortex dynamics of swirl burners designed for lowly reactive gases in a favorable way for proper flame stabilization of highly reactive fuels without changing the hardware geometry. The investigations presented in this paper cover the development of the optimum basic aerodynamics of the burner and the determination of the potential of the fuel momentum in water channel experiments using particle image velocimetry. The results show that proper usage of the fuel momentum has enough potential to adjust the flow field to different fuels and their corresponding flame behavior. As the main challenge is to reach flashback safe fuel flexible burner operation, the main focus of the study lies on avoiding combustion induced vortex breakdown. The mixing quality of the resulting injection strategy is determined by applying laser induced fluorescence in water channel tests. Additional OH* chemiluminescence and flashback measurements in an atmospheric combustion test rig confirm the water channel results for CH4, CH4/H2 mixtures, H2 with N2 dilution, and pure H2 combustion. They also indicate a large operating window between flashback and lean blow out and show expected NOx emission levels. In summary, it is shown for a conical four slot swirl generator geometry that the proposed concept of using the fuel momentum for tuning of the vortex dynamics allows aerodynamic flame stabilization for different fuels in the same burner. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013300 [...] [article] Dynamic adaptation of aerodynamic flame stabilization of a premix swirl burner to fuel reactivity using fuel momentum [texte imprimé] / J. Sangl, Auteur ; C. Mayer, Auteur ; T. Sattelmayer, Auteur . - 2011 . - 11 p. Turbines à gaz Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 133 N° 7 (Juillet 2011) . - 11 p. Mots-clés : Syngas  Hydrogen  Fuel  momentum  Swirl  stabilized  burner  Flame  stabilization Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Due to the expected increase in available fuel gas variants in the future and the interest in independence from a specific fuel, fuel flexible combustion systems are required for future gas turbine applications. Changing the fuel used for lean premixed combustion can lead to serious reliability problems in gas turbine engines caused by the different physical and chemical properties of these gases. A new innovative approach to reach efficient, safe, and low-emission operation for fuels such as natural gas, syntheses gas, and hydrogen with the same burner is presented in this paper. The basic idea is to use the additionally available fuel momentum of highly reactive gases stemming from their lower Wobbe index (lower volumetric heating value and density) compared with lowly reactive fuels. Using fuel momentum opens the opportunity to influence the vortex dynamics of swirl burners designed for lowly reactive gases in a favorable way for proper flame stabilization of highly reactive fuels without changing the hardware geometry. The investigations presented in this paper cover the development of the optimum basic aerodynamics of the burner and the determination of the potential of the fuel momentum in water channel experiments using particle image velocimetry. The results show that proper usage of the fuel momentum has enough potential to adjust the flow field to different fuels and their corresponding flame behavior. As the main challenge is to reach flashback safe fuel flexible burner operation, the main focus of the study lies on avoiding combustion induced vortex breakdown. The mixing quality of the resulting injection strategy is determined by applying laser induced fluorescence in water channel tests. Additional OH* chemiluminescence and flashback measurements in an atmospheric combustion test rig confirm the water channel results for CH4, CH4/H2 mixtures, H2 with N2 dilution, and pure H2 combustion. They also indicate a large operating window between flashback and lean blow out and show expected NOx emission levels. In summary, it is shown for a conical four slot swirl generator geometry that the proposed concept of using the fuel momentum for tuning of the vortex dynamics allows aerodynamic flame stabilization for different fuels in the same burner. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013300 [...]

Study on the operational window of a swirl stabilized syngas burner under atmospheric and high pressure conditions / C. Mayer in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 134 N° 3 (Mars 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 134 N° 3 (Mars 2012) . - 11 p. Titre : Study on the operational window of a swirl stabilized syngas burner under atmospheric and high pressure conditions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Mayer, Auteur ; J. Sangl, Auteur ; T. Sattelmayer, Auteur ; T. Lachaux, Auteur ; S. Bernero, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 11 p. Note générale : Génie mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Air  pollution  control  Chemiluminescence  Combustion  equipment  Electrical  safety  Flames  Fuel  systems  Gas  turbine  power  stations  Gas  turbines  Mie  scattering Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Providing better fuel flexibility for future gas turbine generations is a challenge as the fuel range is expected to become significantly wider (natural gas, syngas, etc.). The technical problem is to reach a wide operational window, regarding both operational safety and low emissions. In a previous paper, an approach to meet these requirements has already been presented. However, in this previous study it was difficult to exactly quantify the improvement in operational safety due to the fact that the flashback phenomena observed were not fully understood. The present continuative paper is focused on a thorough investigation of operational safety also involving the influence of pressure on flashback and the emissions of the proposed burner concept. To gain better insight into the character of the propagation and to visualize the path of the flame during its upstream motion, tests were done on an atmospheric combustion test rig providing almost complete optical access to the mixing section as well as the flame tube. OH* chemiluminescence, HS-Mie scattering and ionization detectors were applied and undiluted H2 was used as fuel for the detailed analysis. To elaborate on the influence of pressure on the stability behavior, additional tests were conducted on a pressurized test rig using a downscaled burner. OH* chemiluminescence, flashback and lean blow out measurements were conducted in this campaign, using CH4, CH4/H2 mixtures and pure H2. The conducted experiments delivered the assets and drawbacks of the fuel injection strategy, where high axial fuel momentum was used to tune the flow field to achieve better flashback resistance. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ000134000003 [...] [article] Study on the operational window of a swirl stabilized syngas burner under atmospheric and high pressure conditions [texte imprimé] / C. Mayer, Auteur ; J. Sangl, Auteur ; T. Sattelmayer, Auteur ; T. Lachaux, Auteur ; S. Bernero, Auteur . - 2012 . - 11 p. Génie mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 134 N° 3 (Mars 2012) . - 11 p. Mots-clés : Air  pollution  control  Chemiluminescence  Combustion  equipment  Electrical  safety  Flames  Fuel  systems  Gas  turbine  power  stations  Gas  turbines  Mie  scattering Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Providing better fuel flexibility for future gas turbine generations is a challenge as the fuel range is expected to become significantly wider (natural gas, syngas, etc.). The technical problem is to reach a wide operational window, regarding both operational safety and low emissions. In a previous paper, an approach to meet these requirements has already been presented. However, in this previous study it was difficult to exactly quantify the improvement in operational safety due to the fact that the flashback phenomena observed were not fully understood. The present continuative paper is focused on a thorough investigation of operational safety also involving the influence of pressure on flashback and the emissions of the proposed burner concept. To gain better insight into the character of the propagation and to visualize the path of the flame during its upstream motion, tests were done on an atmospheric combustion test rig providing almost complete optical access to the mixing section as well as the flame tube. OH* chemiluminescence, HS-Mie scattering and ionization detectors were applied and undiluted H2 was used as fuel for the detailed analysis. To elaborate on the influence of pressure on the stability behavior, additional tests were conducted on a pressurized test rig using a downscaled burner. OH* chemiluminescence, flashback and lean blow out measurements were conducted in this campaign, using CH4, CH4/H2 mixtures and pure H2. The conducted experiments delivered the assets and drawbacks of the fuel injection strategy, where high axial fuel momentum was used to tune the flow field to achieve better flashback resistance. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ000134000003 [...]

Time scale model for the prediction of the onset of flame flashback driven by combustion induced vortex breakdown / M. Konle in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 132 N° 4 (Avril 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - 06 p. Titre : Time scale model for the prediction of the onset of flame flashback driven by combustion induced vortex breakdown Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Konle, Auteur ; T. Sattelmayer, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : 06 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Combustion  Combustion  equipment  Flames  Gas  turbines  Numerical  analysis  Quenching  (thermal)  Turbulence  Vortices Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Flame flashback driven by combustion induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) represents one of the most severe reliability problems of modern gas turbines with swirl stabilized combustors. Former experimental investigations of this topic with a 500 kW burner delivered a model for the prediction of the CIVB occurrence for moderate to high mass flow rates. This model is based on a time scale comparison. The characteristic time scales were chosen following the idea that quenching at the flame tip is the dominating effect preventing upstream flame propagation in the center of the vortex flow. Additional numerical investigations showed that the relative position of the flame regarding the recirculation zone influences the interaction of the flame and flow field. The recent analysis on turbulence and chemical reaction of data acquired with high speed measurement techniques applied during the CIVB driven flame propagation by the authors lead to the extension of the prediction model. As the corrugated flame regimes at the flame tip prevails at low to moderate mass flow rates, a more precise prediction in this range of mass flow rates is achieved using a characteristic burnout time taub~1/Sl for the reactive volume. This paper presents first this new idea, confirms it then with numerical as well as experimental data, and extends finally the former model to a prediction tool that can be applied in the full mass flow range of swirl burners. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ000132000004 [...] [article] Time scale model for the prediction of the onset of flame flashback driven by combustion induced vortex breakdown [texte imprimé] / M. Konle, Auteur ; T. Sattelmayer, Auteur . - 2010 . - 06 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 4 (Avril 2010) . - 06 p. Mots-clés : Combustion  Combustion  equipment  Flames  Gas  turbines  Numerical  analysis  Quenching  (thermal)  Turbulence  Vortices Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Flame flashback driven by combustion induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) represents one of the most severe reliability problems of modern gas turbines with swirl stabilized combustors. Former experimental investigations of this topic with a 500 kW burner delivered a model for the prediction of the CIVB occurrence for moderate to high mass flow rates. This model is based on a time scale comparison. The characteristic time scales were chosen following the idea that quenching at the flame tip is the dominating effect preventing upstream flame propagation in the center of the vortex flow. Additional numerical investigations showed that the relative position of the flame regarding the recirculation zone influences the interaction of the flame and flow field. The recent analysis on turbulence and chemical reaction of data acquired with high speed measurement techniques applied during the CIVB driven flame propagation by the authors lead to the extension of the prediction model. As the corrugated flame regimes at the flame tip prevails at low to moderate mass flow rates, a more precise prediction in this range of mass flow rates is achieved using a characteristic burnout time taub~1/Sl for the reactive volume. This paper presents first this new idea, confirms it then with numerical as well as experimental data, and extends finally the former model to a prediction tool that can be applied in the full mass flow range of swirl burners. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ000132000004 [...]