Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur

Experiences with high temperature corrosion at straw-firing power plants in Denmark / M. Montgomery in Materials and corrosion, Vol. 62 N° 7 (Juillet 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Materials and corrosion > Vol. 62 N° 7 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 593–605 Titre : Experiences with high temperature corrosion at straw-firing power plants in Denmark Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Montgomery, Auteur ; S. A. Jensen, Auteur ; U. Borg, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 593–605 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Lifetime  prediction  Straw-firing  TP347H Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : By the end of 2009, there will be eight biomass and five biomass co-firing plants in Denmark. Due to the steep increase of corrosion rate with respect to temperature in biomass plants, it is not viable to have similar steam data as fossil fuel plants. Thus for the newer plants, Maribo Sakskøbing, Avedøre 2 biomass boiler, Fyn 8 and Amager 1 (Fyn 8 and Amager 1 are under commissioning), the steam temperature of the final superheaters are approximately 540 °C and the steel type used is an 18–10 stainless steel, (TP347H). However there is still a need to monitor corrosion rates, and to collate data to enable better lifetime prediction of vulnerable components in straw-firing plants since the corrosion rates are so much faster than in coal firing plants. Therefore, there are continued investigations in recently commissioned plants with test tubes installed into actual superheaters. In addition temperature is measured on the specific tube loops where there are test tube sections. Thus a corrosion rate can be coupled to a temperature histogram. This is important since although a superheater has a defined steam outlet temperature, there is variation in the tube bundle due to variations of heat flux from the flue gas. This paper will describe the corrosion investigations for tube sections removed from Maribo Sakskøbing and Avedøre 2 biomass boiler which have been exposed for up to 30 000 h. In addition to monitoring the corrosion rates of actual components, there is a need to measure corrosion rates at higher temperatures to assess if there is a possibility to increase the outlet temperature of the plant, thus making the plant more cost effective. For this purpose Avedøre 2 biomass boiler has a test superheater loop fabricated in TP347H FG (the same material as the final superheaters). Some results from this test superheater will also be described. Effects of flue gas temperature and flue gas direction on corrosion rates are also discussed. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0947-5117 En ligne : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/maco.201005856/abstract [article] Experiences with high temperature corrosion at straw-firing power plants in Denmark [texte imprimé] / M. Montgomery, Auteur ; S. A. Jensen, Auteur ; U. Borg, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 593–605. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Materials and corrosion > Vol. 62 N° 7 (Juillet 2011) . - pp. 593–605 Mots-clés : Lifetime  prediction  Straw-firing  TP347H Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : By the end of 2009, there will be eight biomass and five biomass co-firing plants in Denmark. Due to the steep increase of corrosion rate with respect to temperature in biomass plants, it is not viable to have similar steam data as fossil fuel plants. Thus for the newer plants, Maribo Sakskøbing, Avedøre 2 biomass boiler, Fyn 8 and Amager 1 (Fyn 8 and Amager 1 are under commissioning), the steam temperature of the final superheaters are approximately 540 °C and the steel type used is an 18–10 stainless steel, (TP347H). However there is still a need to monitor corrosion rates, and to collate data to enable better lifetime prediction of vulnerable components in straw-firing plants since the corrosion rates are so much faster than in coal firing plants. Therefore, there are continued investigations in recently commissioned plants with test tubes installed into actual superheaters. In addition temperature is measured on the specific tube loops where there are test tube sections. Thus a corrosion rate can be coupled to a temperature histogram. This is important since although a superheater has a defined steam outlet temperature, there is variation in the tube bundle due to variations of heat flux from the flue gas. This paper will describe the corrosion investigations for tube sections removed from Maribo Sakskøbing and Avedøre 2 biomass boiler which have been exposed for up to 30 000 h. In addition to monitoring the corrosion rates of actual components, there is a need to measure corrosion rates at higher temperatures to assess if there is a possibility to increase the outlet temperature of the plant, thus making the plant more cost effective. For this purpose Avedøre 2 biomass boiler has a test superheater loop fabricated in TP347H FG (the same material as the final superheaters). Some results from this test superheater will also be described. Effects of flue gas temperature and flue gas direction on corrosion rates are also discussed. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0947-5117 En ligne : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/maco.201005856/abstract

Steam oxidation of X20CrMoV121 / M. Montgomery in Materials and corrosion, Vol. 63 N° 8 (Août 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Materials and corrosion > Vol. 63 N° 8 (Août 2012) . - pp. 674–684 Titre : Steam oxidation of X20CrMoV121 : comparison of laboratory exposures and in situ exposure in power plants Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Montgomery, Auteur ; A. N. Hansson, Auteur ; T. Vilhelmsen, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : pp. 674–684 Note générale : Génie mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Cr  diffusion;  power  plants;  steam  oxidation;  X20 Résumé : X20CrMoV121 is a 12% Cr martensitic steel which has been used in power plants in Europe for many decades. Specimens have been removed from superheater tubes to investigate long-term exposure with respect to steam oxidation. These tubes have been exposed for various durations up to 135 000 h in power plants in Denmark at steam temperatures varying from 450–565 °C. This paper collates the data, compares oxide morphologies and assesses to what extent parabolic kinetics can be used to describe the oxidation rate. The steam oxidation behaviour has been investigated in the laboratory in an Ar-46%H2O mixture at 500, 600 and 700 °C for 336 h. It was observed that the morphology of the oxide layers was strongly influenced by temperature, and some of the same morphologies are also observed for power plant specimens. However, the temperatures at which they occur were different for plant and laboratory specimens, e.g. the presence of Cr rich bands within the oxide occurred at a lower temperature in the plant than in the laboratory. In addition there is a greater variety of oxide morphologies for long-term plant specimens compared to laboratory specimens. En ligne : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/maco.201106063/abstract [article] Steam oxidation of X20CrMoV121 : comparison of laboratory exposures and in situ exposure in power plants [texte imprimé] / M. Montgomery, Auteur ; A. N. Hansson, Auteur ; T. Vilhelmsen, Auteur . - 2013 . - pp. 674–684. Génie mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Materials and corrosion > Vol. 63 N° 8 (Août 2012) . - pp. 674–684 Mots-clés : Cr  diffusion;  power  plants;  steam  oxidation;  X20 Résumé : X20CrMoV121 is a 12% Cr martensitic steel which has been used in power plants in Europe for many decades. Specimens have been removed from superheater tubes to investigate long-term exposure with respect to steam oxidation. These tubes have been exposed for various durations up to 135 000 h in power plants in Denmark at steam temperatures varying from 450–565 °C. This paper collates the data, compares oxide morphologies and assesses to what extent parabolic kinetics can be used to describe the oxidation rate. The steam oxidation behaviour has been investigated in the laboratory in an Ar-46%H2O mixture at 500, 600 and 700 °C for 336 h. It was observed that the morphology of the oxide layers was strongly influenced by temperature, and some of the same morphologies are also observed for power plant specimens. However, the temperatures at which they occur were different for plant and laboratory specimens, e.g. the presence of Cr rich bands within the oxide occurred at a lower temperature in the plant than in the laboratory. In addition there is a greater variety of oxide morphologies for long-term plant specimens compared to laboratory specimens. En ligne : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/maco.201106063/abstract