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Fundamental parameters for the stiffness and strength control of artificially cemented sand / Nilo Cesar Consoli in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Vol. 135 N° 9 (Septembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 135 N° 9 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 1347–1353 Titre : Fundamental parameters for the stiffness and strength control of artificially cemented sand Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; António Viana Da Fonseca, Auteur ; Rodrigo Caberlon Cruz, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp. 1347–1353 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : CementsCompression  testsTriaxial  testsSoil  compactionSubgradesRailroad  tracks Résumé : The treatment of soils with cement is an attractive technique when the project requires improvement of the local soil for the construction of subgrades for rail tracks, as a support layer for shallow foundations and to prevent sand liquefaction. As reported by Consoli et al. in 2007, a unique dosage methodology has been established based on rational criteria where the voids/cement ratio plays a fundamental role in the assessment of the target unconfined compressive strength. The present study broadened the research carried out by Consoli et al. in 2007 through quantifying quantifies the influence of voids/cement ratio on the initial shear modulus (G0) and Mohr-Coulomb effective strength parameters (c′,ϕ′) of an artificially cemented sand. A number of unconfined compression and triaxial compression tests with bender elements measurements were carried out. It was shown that the void/cement ratio defined as the ratio between the volume of voids of the compacted mixture and the volume of cement is an appropriate parameter to assess both initial stiffness and effective strength of the sand-cement mixture studied. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29GT.1943-5606.0000008 [article] Fundamental parameters for the stiffness and strength control of artificially cemented sand [texte imprimé] / Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; António Viana Da Fonseca, Auteur ; Rodrigo Caberlon Cruz, Auteur . - 2009 . - pp. 1347–1353. Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 135 N° 9 (Septembre 2009) . - pp. 1347–1353 Mots-clés : CementsCompression  testsTriaxial  testsSoil  compactionSubgradesRailroad  tracks Résumé : The treatment of soils with cement is an attractive technique when the project requires improvement of the local soil for the construction of subgrades for rail tracks, as a support layer for shallow foundations and to prevent sand liquefaction. As reported by Consoli et al. in 2007, a unique dosage methodology has been established based on rational criteria where the voids/cement ratio plays a fundamental role in the assessment of the target unconfined compressive strength. The present study broadened the research carried out by Consoli et al. in 2007 through quantifying quantifies the influence of voids/cement ratio on the initial shear modulus (G0) and Mohr-Coulomb effective strength parameters (c′,ϕ′) of an artificially cemented sand. A number of unconfined compression and triaxial compression tests with bender elements measurements were carried out. It was shown that the void/cement ratio defined as the ratio between the volume of voids of the compacted mixture and the volume of cement is an appropriate parameter to assess both initial stiffness and effective strength of the sand-cement mixture studied. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29GT.1943-5606.0000008

High-pressure isotropic compression tests on fiber-reinforced cemented sand / Ana Paula Silva Dos Santos in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Vol. 136 N° 6 (Juin 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 136 N° 6 (Juin 2010) . - pp. 885-890 Titre : High-pressure isotropic compression tests on fiber-reinforced cemented sand Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ana Paula Silva Dos Santos, Auteur ; Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; Karla Salvagni Heineck, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 885-890 Note générale : Géotechnique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Isotropic  compression  Cemented  sand  Fiber  reinforcement Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : High-pressure isotropic compression tests were carried out on reconstituted sand samples that were reinforced with cement, randomly distributed fibers, or both, making comparisons with the unreinforced sand and conducting tests from a variety of initial specific volumes. The results indicated changes in the isotropic compression behavior of the sand due to the inclusion of fibers and/or cement. Cementitious bonds are sufficiently strong relative to the particles to allow the cemented samples to reach states outside the normal compression line (NCL) of the uncemented soil, but the effectiveness of cemented fiber-reinforced specimens is even larger due to the control of crack propagation in the cemented sand after the inclusion of fibers. Distinct NCLs were observed for the sand, fiber-reinforced sand, cemented sand, and fiber-reinforced cemented sand. Both fiber breakage and fiber extension were observed in fibers measured after testing indicating that fibers individually have worked under tension, even though in the macroscopic scale, isotropic compressive stresses were applied. Fiber reinforcement was found to reduce the particle breakage of both the uncemented and cemented sands. DEWEY : 624.1 ISSN : 1090-0241 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/gto/resource/1/jggefk/v136/i6/p885_s1?isAuthorized=no [article] High-pressure isotropic compression tests on fiber-reinforced cemented sand [texte imprimé] / Ana Paula Silva Dos Santos, Auteur ; Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; Karla Salvagni Heineck, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 885-890. Géotechnique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 136 N° 6 (Juin 2010) . - pp. 885-890 Mots-clés : Isotropic  compression  Cemented  sand  Fiber  reinforcement Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : High-pressure isotropic compression tests were carried out on reconstituted sand samples that were reinforced with cement, randomly distributed fibers, or both, making comparisons with the unreinforced sand and conducting tests from a variety of initial specific volumes. The results indicated changes in the isotropic compression behavior of the sand due to the inclusion of fibers and/or cement. Cementitious bonds are sufficiently strong relative to the particles to allow the cemented samples to reach states outside the normal compression line (NCL) of the uncemented soil, but the effectiveness of cemented fiber-reinforced specimens is even larger due to the control of crack propagation in the cemented sand after the inclusion of fibers. Distinct NCLs were observed for the sand, fiber-reinforced sand, cemented sand, and fiber-reinforced cemented sand. Both fiber breakage and fiber extension were observed in fibers measured after testing indicating that fibers individually have worked under tension, even though in the macroscopic scale, isotropic compressive stresses were applied. Fiber reinforcement was found to reduce the particle breakage of both the uncemented and cemented sands. DEWEY : 624.1 ISSN : 1090-0241 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/gto/resource/1/jggefk/v136/i6/p885_s1?isAuthorized=no

Influence of cement-voids ratio on stress-dilatancy behavior of artificially cemented sand / Nilo Cesar Consoli in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Vol. 138 N° 1 (Janvier 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 138 N° 1 (Janvier 2012) . - pp. 100-109 Titre : Influence of cement-voids ratio on stress-dilatancy behavior of artificially cemented sand Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; Rodrigo Caberlon Cruz, Auteur ; António Viana Da Fonseca, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 100-109 Note générale : Géotechnique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Stress-dilatancy  Cement-voids  ratio  Triaxial  tests  Soil-cement Résumé : The addition of cement is an interesting remediation technique when the project requires improvement of the local soil for the construction of pavement base layers, in slope protection of earth dams and canal linings, as a support layer for shallow foundations and to prevent sand liquefaction. The present study was carried out to quantify the influence of the amount of cement and the porosity in a cement-voids ratio, defined as the ratio between the volume of cement and the volume of voids of a mixture, on the stress-dilatancy behavior of an artificially cemented sand. A program of triaxial compression tests considering three distinct cement-voids ratios was carried out with two combinations of volumes of voids and volumes of cement at each cement-voids ratio. Results showed that the stress-dilatancy relationship is alike for a given cement-voids ratio and that the stress-strain behavior is also similar. The cement-voids ratio is therefore an appropriate parameter to assess stress-dilatancy of the sand-cement mixture studied. DEWEY : 624.1 ISSN : 1090-0241 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/gto/resource/1/jggefk/v138/i1/p100_s1?isAuthorized=no [article] Influence of cement-voids ratio on stress-dilatancy behavior of artificially cemented sand [texte imprimé] / Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; Rodrigo Caberlon Cruz, Auteur ; António Viana Da Fonseca, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 100-109. Géotechnique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 138 N° 1 (Janvier 2012) . - pp. 100-109 Mots-clés : Stress-dilatancy  Cement-voids  ratio  Triaxial  tests  Soil-cement Résumé : The addition of cement is an interesting remediation technique when the project requires improvement of the local soil for the construction of pavement base layers, in slope protection of earth dams and canal linings, as a support layer for shallow foundations and to prevent sand liquefaction. The present study was carried out to quantify the influence of the amount of cement and the porosity in a cement-voids ratio, defined as the ratio between the volume of cement and the volume of voids of a mixture, on the stress-dilatancy behavior of an artificially cemented sand. A program of triaxial compression tests considering three distinct cement-voids ratios was carried out with two combinations of volumes of voids and volumes of cement at each cement-voids ratio. Results showed that the stress-dilatancy relationship is alike for a given cement-voids ratio and that the stress-strain behavior is also similar. The cement-voids ratio is therefore an appropriate parameter to assess stress-dilatancy of the sand-cement mixture studied. DEWEY : 624.1 ISSN : 1090-0241 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/gto/resource/1/jggefk/v138/i1/p100_s1?isAuthorized=no

Parameters controlling tensile and compressive strength of artificially cemented sand / Nilo Cesar Consoli in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Vol. 136 N° 5 (Mai 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 136 N° 5 (Mai 2010) . - pp. 759-763 Titre : Parameters controlling tensile and compressive strength of artificially cemented sand Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; Rodrigo Caberlon Cruz, Auteur ; Márcio Felipe Floss, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 759-763 Note générale : Géotechnique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Tensile  strength  Compressive  strength  Soil  cement  Compacted  soils Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : The enhancement of local soils with cement for the construction of stabilized pavement bases, canal lining, and support layer for shallow foundations shows great economical and environmental advantages, avoiding the use of borrow materials from elsewhere, as well as the need of a spoil area. The present research aims to quantify the influence of the amount of cement, the porosity, and the voids/cement ratio in the assessment of unconfined compressive strength (qu) and splitting tensile strength (qt) of an artificially cemented sand, as well as in the evaluation of qt/qu relationship. A program of splitting tensile tests and unconfined compression tests considering three distinct voids ratio and seven cement contents, varying from 1 to 12%, was carried out in the present study. The results show that a power function adapts well qt and qu values with increasing cement content and with reducing porosity of the compacted mixture. The voids/cement ratio is demonstrated to be an appropriate parameter to assess both qt and qu of the sand-cement mixture studied. Finally, the qt/qu relationship is unique for the sand-cement studied, being independent of the voids/cement ratio. DEWEY : 624.1 ISSN : 1090-0241 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/gto/resource/1/jggefk/v136/i5/p759_s1?isAuthorized=no [article] Parameters controlling tensile and compressive strength of artificially cemented sand [texte imprimé] / Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; Rodrigo Caberlon Cruz, Auteur ; Márcio Felipe Floss, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 759-763. Géotechnique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 136 N° 5 (Mai 2010) . - pp. 759-763 Mots-clés : Tensile  strength  Compressive  strength  Soil  cement  Compacted  soils Index. décimale : 624.1 Infrastructures.Ouvrages en terre. Fondations. Tunnels Résumé : The enhancement of local soils with cement for the construction of stabilized pavement bases, canal lining, and support layer for shallow foundations shows great economical and environmental advantages, avoiding the use of borrow materials from elsewhere, as well as the need of a spoil area. The present research aims to quantify the influence of the amount of cement, the porosity, and the voids/cement ratio in the assessment of unconfined compressive strength (qu) and splitting tensile strength (qt) of an artificially cemented sand, as well as in the evaluation of qt/qu relationship. A program of splitting tensile tests and unconfined compression tests considering three distinct voids ratio and seven cement contents, varying from 1 to 12%, was carried out in the present study. The results show that a power function adapts well qt and qu values with increasing cement content and with reducing porosity of the compacted mixture. The voids/cement ratio is demonstrated to be an appropriate parameter to assess both qt and qu of the sand-cement mixture studied. Finally, the qt/qu relationship is unique for the sand-cement studied, being independent of the voids/cement ratio. DEWEY : 624.1 ISSN : 1090-0241 En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/gto/resource/1/jggefk/v136/i5/p759_s1?isAuthorized=no

Plate load tests on cemented soil layers overlaying weaker soil / Nilo Cesar Consoli in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Vol. 135 N° 12 (Décembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 135 N° 12 (Décembre 2009) . - pp. 1846–1856 Titre : Plate load tests on cemented soil layers overlaying weaker soil Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; Francisco Dalla Rosa, Auteur ; Anderson Fonini, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 1846–1856 Note générale : Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Shallow  foundationsSoil  cementLayered  soilsIn  situ  tests Résumé : This paper addresses the interpretation of plate load tests bearing on double-layered systems formed by an artificially cemented compacted top soil layer (three different top layers have been studied) overlaying a compressible residual soil stratum. Applied pressure-settlement behavior is observed for tests carried out using circular steel plates ranging from 0.30 to 0.60 m diameter on top of 0.15 to 0.60-m-thick artificially cemented layers. The paper also stresses the need to express test results in terms of normalized pressure and settlement—i.e., as pressure normalized by pressure at 3% settlement (p/p3%) versus settlement-to-diameter (δ/D) ratio. In the range of H/D (where H= thickness of the treated layer and D= diameter of the foundation) studied, up to 2.0, the final failure modes observed in the field tests always involved punching through the top layer. In addition, the progressive failure processes in the compacted top layer always initiated by tensile fissures in the bottom of the layer. However, depending on the H/D ratio, the tensile cracking started in different positions. The footing bearing capacity analytical solution for layered cohesive-frictional soils appears to be quite adequate up to a H/D value of about 1.0. Finally, for a given project, combining Vésic’s solution with results from one plate-loading test, it is possible (knowing of the demonstrated normalization of p/p3%-δ/D , where the pressure-relative settlement curves for different H/D ratios produce a single curve for all values of H/D ) to estimate the pressure-settlement curves for footings of different sizes on different thicknesses of a cemented upper layer. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29GT.1943-5606.0000158 [article] Plate load tests on cemented soil layers overlaying weaker soil [texte imprimé] / Nilo Cesar Consoli, Auteur ; Francisco Dalla Rosa, Auteur ; Anderson Fonini, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 1846–1856. Geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering > Vol. 135 N° 12 (Décembre 2009) . - pp. 1846–1856 Mots-clés : Shallow  foundationsSoil  cementLayered  soilsIn  situ  tests Résumé : This paper addresses the interpretation of plate load tests bearing on double-layered systems formed by an artificially cemented compacted top soil layer (three different top layers have been studied) overlaying a compressible residual soil stratum. Applied pressure-settlement behavior is observed for tests carried out using circular steel plates ranging from 0.30 to 0.60 m diameter on top of 0.15 to 0.60-m-thick artificially cemented layers. The paper also stresses the need to express test results in terms of normalized pressure and settlement—i.e., as pressure normalized by pressure at 3% settlement (p/p3%) versus settlement-to-diameter (δ/D) ratio. In the range of H/D (where H= thickness of the treated layer and D= diameter of the foundation) studied, up to 2.0, the final failure modes observed in the field tests always involved punching through the top layer. In addition, the progressive failure processes in the compacted top layer always initiated by tensile fissures in the bottom of the layer. However, depending on the H/D ratio, the tensile cracking started in different positions. The footing bearing capacity analytical solution for layered cohesive-frictional soils appears to be quite adequate up to a H/D value of about 1.0. Finally, for a given project, combining Vésic’s solution with results from one plate-loading test, it is possible (knowing of the demonstrated normalization of p/p3%-δ/D , where the pressure-relative settlement curves for different H/D ratios produce a single curve for all values of H/D ) to estimate the pressure-settlement curves for footings of different sizes on different thicknesses of a cemented upper layer. En ligne : http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29GT.1943-5606.0000158

Variables controlling stiffness and strength of lime-stabilized soils / Nilo Cesar Consoli in Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, Vol. 137 N° 6 (Juin 2011) 

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