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Transcritical carbon dioxide microchannel heat pump water heaters: Part I – validated component simulation modules / Christopher Goodman in International journal of refrigeration, Vol. 34 N° 4 (Juin 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 34 N° 4 (Juin 2011) . - pp. 859-869 Titre : Transcritical carbon dioxide microchannel heat pump water heaters: Part I – validated component simulation modules Titre original : Systèmes de chauffage d'eau sanitaire à pompe à chaleur au dioxyde de carbone transcritique: Partie I – Modules de simulation des composants validés Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Christopher Goodman, Auteur ; Brian M. Fronk, Auteur ; Srinivas Garimella, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 859-869 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gas  cooler  Microchannel  Heat  pump  Transcritical  cycle  CO2 Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : An experimental and analytical study on the performance of carbon dioxide heat pumps for water heating was conducted. The performance of compact, microchannel, water-coupled gas coolers, evaporator, and suction line heat exchanger (SLHX) were evaluated in an experimental facility. Analytical heat exchanger models accounting for the flow orientation and changing CO2 thermophysical properties were developed and validated with data. Heat transfer coefficients were predicted with correlations available in the literature and local heat duty calculated using the effectiveness-NTU approach. The gas cooler, evaporator, and SLHX models predicted measured heat duties with an absolute average error of 5.5%, 1.3%, and 3.9%, respectively. Compressor isentropic and volumetric efficiency values were found to range from 56% to 67% and 62%–82%, respectively. Empirical models for compressor efficiency and power were developed from the data. The resulting component models are implemented in a system model in a companion paper (Part II). DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710002768 [article] Transcritical carbon dioxide microchannel heat pump water heaters: Part I – validated component simulation modules = Systèmes de chauffage d'eau sanitaire à pompe à chaleur au dioxyde de carbone transcritique: Partie I – Modules de simulation des composants validés [texte imprimé] / Christopher Goodman, Auteur ; Brian M. Fronk, Auteur ; Srinivas Garimella, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 859-869. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 34 N° 4 (Juin 2011) . - pp. 859-869 Mots-clés : Gas  cooler  Microchannel  Heat  pump  Transcritical  cycle  CO2 Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : An experimental and analytical study on the performance of carbon dioxide heat pumps for water heating was conducted. The performance of compact, microchannel, water-coupled gas coolers, evaporator, and suction line heat exchanger (SLHX) were evaluated in an experimental facility. Analytical heat exchanger models accounting for the flow orientation and changing CO2 thermophysical properties were developed and validated with data. Heat transfer coefficients were predicted with correlations available in the literature and local heat duty calculated using the effectiveness-NTU approach. The gas cooler, evaporator, and SLHX models predicted measured heat duties with an absolute average error of 5.5%, 1.3%, and 3.9%, respectively. Compressor isentropic and volumetric efficiency values were found to range from 56% to 67% and 62%–82%, respectively. Empirical models for compressor efficiency and power were developed from the data. The resulting component models are implemented in a system model in a companion paper (Part II). DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710002768

Transcritical carbon dioxide microchannel heat pump water heaters: Part II – System simulation and optimization / Christopher Goodman in International journal of refrigeration, Vol. 34 N° 4 (Juin 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 34 N° 4 (Juin 2011) . - pp. 870-880 Titre : Transcritical carbon dioxide microchannel heat pump water heaters: Part II – System simulation and optimization Titre original : Systèmes de chauffage d'eau sanitaire à pompe à chaleur au dioxyde de carbone transcritique : Partie II – Simulation et optimisation du système Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Christopher Goodman, Auteur ; Brian M. Fronk, Auteur ; Srinivas Garimella, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 870-880 Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gas  cooler  Microchannel  Heat  pump  Transcritical  Cycle  Carbon  dioxide Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents the development of a transcritical CO2 heat pump water heating system model incorporating analytical heat exchanger models and an empirical compressor model. This study investigated the effects of a suction line heat exchanger (SLHX) and once-through versus recirculating water heating schemes. The once-through systems outperformed the recirculating systems by 10% for the system without an SLHX and 15% with an SLHX. However, a gas cooler twice as large is required. The SLHX was shown to benefit system performance at higher evaporator temperatures with improvements of 16.5% for the once-through and 4% for the recirculating systems. This study can be used to improve the design of microchannel based transcritical CO2 heat pumps; evaluate the impact of varying water inlet temperature, desired outlet temperature and evaporation temperature on system performance; and quantify the effect of differential diurnal electricity rates on system operating costs for these different operation schemes. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710002756 [article] Transcritical carbon dioxide microchannel heat pump water heaters: Part II – System simulation and optimization = Systèmes de chauffage d'eau sanitaire à pompe à chaleur au dioxyde de carbone transcritique : Partie II – Simulation et optimisation du système [texte imprimé] / Christopher Goodman, Auteur ; Brian M. Fronk, Auteur ; Srinivas Garimella, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 870-880. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in International journal of refrigeration > Vol. 34 N° 4 (Juin 2011) . - pp. 870-880 Mots-clés : Gas  cooler  Microchannel  Heat  pump  Transcritical  Cycle  Carbon  dioxide Index. décimale : 621.5 Energie pneumatique. Machinerie et outils. Réfrigération Résumé : This paper presents the development of a transcritical CO2 heat pump water heating system model incorporating analytical heat exchanger models and an empirical compressor model. This study investigated the effects of a suction line heat exchanger (SLHX) and once-through versus recirculating water heating schemes. The once-through systems outperformed the recirculating systems by 10% for the system without an SLHX and 15% with an SLHX. However, a gas cooler twice as large is required. The SLHX was shown to benefit system performance at higher evaporator temperatures with improvements of 16.5% for the once-through and 4% for the recirculating systems. This study can be used to improve the design of microchannel based transcritical CO2 heat pumps; evaluate the impact of varying water inlet temperature, desired outlet temperature and evaporation temperature on system performance; and quantify the effect of differential diurnal electricity rates on system operating costs for these different operation schemes. DEWEY : 621.5 ISSN : 0140-7007 En ligne : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700710002756