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Estimating specific chemical exergy of biomass from basic analysis data / Guohui Song in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 50 N° 16 (Août 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 16 (Août 2011) . - pp. 9758-9766 Titre : Estimating specific chemical exergy of biomass from basic analysis data Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Guohui Song, Auteur ; Laihong Shen, Auteur ; Jun Xiao, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 9758-9766 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Biomass Résumé : Estimation of chemical exergy of biomass is one of the basic steps in performance analysis and optimization of biomass conversion systems. A practical method for estimating specific chemical exergy of biomass on dry basis (db) from basic analysis data was developed on Szargut's reference environment model. The method is based on exergy and entropy equations of reaction, Gibbs free energy relations, a modified estimation of the standard entropy of organic matter in biomass and an assumption about original state of inorganic matter-forming elements in biomass. The method was applied to 86 varieties of biomass, and the statistical results indicate that specific chemical exergy of dry biomass varies in the interval of 11.5―24.2 MJ·kg―1, which is always slightly larger than the higher heat value (HHV) (db). Owing to the relative very small value, the influence of inorganic matter in the form of chemical exergies of ash and oxygen reacting with inorganic matter, and the entropy change in ash formation can be neglected. The average ratio of specific chemical exergy to HHV is 1.047 for dry biomass. Consequently, specific chemical exergy of dry biomass can be conveniently estimated from ultimate analysis data plus ash content (in wt %, db) or HHV. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24425221 [article] Estimating specific chemical exergy of biomass from basic analysis data [texte imprimé] / Guohui Song, Auteur ; Laihong Shen, Auteur ; Jun Xiao, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 9758-9766. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 16 (Août 2011) . - pp. 9758-9766 Mots-clés : Biomass Résumé : Estimation of chemical exergy of biomass is one of the basic steps in performance analysis and optimization of biomass conversion systems. A practical method for estimating specific chemical exergy of biomass on dry basis (db) from basic analysis data was developed on Szargut's reference environment model. The method is based on exergy and entropy equations of reaction, Gibbs free energy relations, a modified estimation of the standard entropy of organic matter in biomass and an assumption about original state of inorganic matter-forming elements in biomass. The method was applied to 86 varieties of biomass, and the statistical results indicate that specific chemical exergy of dry biomass varies in the interval of 11.5―24.2 MJ·kg―1, which is always slightly larger than the higher heat value (HHV) (db). Owing to the relative very small value, the influence of inorganic matter in the form of chemical exergies of ash and oxygen reacting with inorganic matter, and the entropy change in ash formation can be neglected. The average ratio of specific chemical exergy to HHV is 1.047 for dry biomass. Consequently, specific chemical exergy of dry biomass can be conveniently estimated from ultimate analysis data plus ash content (in wt %, db) or HHV. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24425221

Integrated analysis of energy, economic, and environmental performance of biomethanol from rice straw in China / Jun Xiao in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 48 N° 22 (Novembre 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N° 22 (Novembre 2009) . - pp. 9999–10007 Titre : Integrated analysis of energy, economic, and environmental performance of biomethanol from rice straw in China Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jun Xiao, Auteur ; Laihong Shen, Auteur ; Yanan Zhang, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 9999–10007 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Rice  straw  process  Biomethanol  China Résumé : This paper focuses on a biomethanol from the rice straw process involving the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance in China. Based on the simulation of methanol synthesis via biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds using Aspen Plus software, the method of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is applied to evaluate the impact of pollutant emissions in the full life cycles of biomethanol. The integrated performance of biomethanol system is analyzed combining with energy utilization, economic cost, and environmental impact. The results show that the methanol yield can reach 0.308 kg/(kg rice straw), i.e., the energy efficiency of rice straw conversion to biomethanol is approximately 42.7%. For a biomethanol plant with an annual production of 50,000 tons, the real cost of biomethanol is evaluated at 2685 RMB/t, in which the economic cost is 2347 RMB/t, and the environmental cost is 337.6 RMB/t. Because of its high investment cost, presently the economic cost of biomethanol is higher than that of coal-based methanol in China. Nevertheless biomethanol will be becoming more competitive with the shortage of fossil fuel in the future. In the whole life cycle, the main pollutant emissions come from the biomethanol production process and biomethanol end-use by automobiles, whereas the net environmental effect is negative during the rice cultivation. Global warming is the most influential factor of the different impact categories. However, 1910 kg of CO2 can be fixed for one ton of methanol by photosynthesis in the growth of rice, thus the effect of global warming is significantly reduced by biomass utilization compared with coal-based methanol. The integrated performance indicates that producing methanol from rice straw is beneficial to both the utilization of agriculture waste and in the improvement of environment. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900680d [article] Integrated analysis of energy, economic, and environmental performance of biomethanol from rice straw in China [texte imprimé] / Jun Xiao, Auteur ; Laihong Shen, Auteur ; Yanan Zhang, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 9999–10007. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N° 22 (Novembre 2009) . - pp. 9999–10007 Mots-clés : Rice  straw  process  Biomethanol  China Résumé : This paper focuses on a biomethanol from the rice straw process involving the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance in China. Based on the simulation of methanol synthesis via biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds using Aspen Plus software, the method of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is applied to evaluate the impact of pollutant emissions in the full life cycles of biomethanol. The integrated performance of biomethanol system is analyzed combining with energy utilization, economic cost, and environmental impact. The results show that the methanol yield can reach 0.308 kg/(kg rice straw), i.e., the energy efficiency of rice straw conversion to biomethanol is approximately 42.7%. For a biomethanol plant with an annual production of 50,000 tons, the real cost of biomethanol is evaluated at 2685 RMB/t, in which the economic cost is 2347 RMB/t, and the environmental cost is 337.6 RMB/t. Because of its high investment cost, presently the economic cost of biomethanol is higher than that of coal-based methanol in China. Nevertheless biomethanol will be becoming more competitive with the shortage of fossil fuel in the future. In the whole life cycle, the main pollutant emissions come from the biomethanol production process and biomethanol end-use by automobiles, whereas the net environmental effect is negative during the rice cultivation. Global warming is the most influential factor of the different impact categories. However, 1910 kg of CO2 can be fixed for one ton of methanol by photosynthesis in the growth of rice, thus the effect of global warming is significantly reduced by biomass utilization compared with coal-based methanol. The integrated performance indicates that producing methanol from rice straw is beneficial to both the utilization of agriculture waste and in the improvement of environment. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900680d

Simulation of methanol production from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds / Yanan Zhang in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 48 N° 11 (Juin 2009) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N° 11 (Juin 2009) . - pp. 5351–5359 Titre : Simulation of methanol production from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yanan Zhang, Auteur ; Jun Xiao, Auteur ; Laihong Shen, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : pp. 5351–5359 Note générale : Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Methanol  synthesis  Biomass  gasification  Fluidized  beds  CaCO3  catalysis Résumé : Simulation of methanol synthesis via H2-rich biomass-derived syngas from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds is carried out, using Aspen Plus software to establish this model. In the case of CaCO3 catalysis, the effects of operating parameters, including gasification temperature and pressure, steam /biomass ratio (S/B), and liquefaction temperature and pressure, on the methanol yield are analyzed. The results are as follows: In the case of CaCO3 catalysis, biomass steam gasification can obtain 82.13% hydrogen-rich gas and when the Cu-based catalyst in China which is composed of 58.1% CuO + 30.06% Al2O3 + 31.7% ZnO + 4.0% H2O is adopted as the methanol synthesis catalyst; the gasification temperature is suggested to be controlled at about 750 °C in the interconnected fluidized beds biomass gasification system with the purpose of methanol production. Furthermore, the gasification pressure is proposed to approach to the ambient pressure and the S/B ratio of 0.4−0.5 operates better. On the optimal operating condition, the maximum of 12.19 mol/(kg biomass (daf)) of methanol yield may be obtained. The research provides useful results for the further study of biomass gasification and methanol synthesis from biomass syngas. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie801983z [article] Simulation of methanol production from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds [texte imprimé] / Yanan Zhang, Auteur ; Jun Xiao, Auteur ; Laihong Shen, Auteur . - 2009 . - pp. 5351–5359. Chemical engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 48 N° 11 (Juin 2009) . - pp. 5351–5359 Mots-clés : Methanol  synthesis  Biomass  gasification  Fluidized  beds  CaCO3  catalysis Résumé : Simulation of methanol synthesis via H2-rich biomass-derived syngas from biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds is carried out, using Aspen Plus software to establish this model. In the case of CaCO3 catalysis, the effects of operating parameters, including gasification temperature and pressure, steam /biomass ratio (S/B), and liquefaction temperature and pressure, on the methanol yield are analyzed. The results are as follows: In the case of CaCO3 catalysis, biomass steam gasification can obtain 82.13% hydrogen-rich gas and when the Cu-based catalyst in China which is composed of 58.1% CuO + 30.06% Al2O3 + 31.7% ZnO + 4.0% H2O is adopted as the methanol synthesis catalyst; the gasification temperature is suggested to be controlled at about 750 °C in the interconnected fluidized beds biomass gasification system with the purpose of methanol production. Furthermore, the gasification pressure is proposed to approach to the ambient pressure and the S/B ratio of 0.4−0.5 operates better. On the optimal operating condition, the maximum of 12.19 mol/(kg biomass (daf)) of methanol yield may be obtained. The research provides useful results for the further study of biomass gasification and methanol synthesis from biomass syngas. En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie801983z

Use of coal as fuel for chemical-looping combustion with ni-based oxygen carrier / Zhengping Gao in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 47 N° 23 (Décembre 2008) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 N° 23 (Décembre 2008) . - p. 9279–9287 Titre : Use of coal as fuel for chemical-looping combustion with ni-based oxygen carrier Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zhengping Gao, Auteur ; Laihong Shen, Auteur ; Jun Xiao, Auteur Année de publication : 2009 Article en page(s) : p. 9279–9287 Note générale : Chemistry engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Coal  as  Fuel  Oxygen  Carrier Résumé : Chemical-looping combustion is an indirect combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. The feasibility of using NiO as an oxygen carrier during chemical-looping combustion of coal has been investigated experimentally at 800−960 °C in the present work. The experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed, where the steam acted as the gasification−fluidization medium. Coal gasification and the reaction of oxygen carrier with the water gas take place simultaneously in the reactor. The oxygen carrier particles exhibit high reactivity above 900 °C, and the dry basis concentration of CO2 in the exit gas of the reactor is nearly 95%. The flue gas composition as a function of the reactor temperature and cyclic reduction number is discussed. At 800−960 °C, the dry basis concentration of CO2 in the flue gas presents a monotonously increasing trend, whereas the dry basis concentration of CO, H2, and CH4 decreases monotonously. The concentrations of CO2, CO, H2, and CH4 in the flue gas as a function of cyclic reduction number present a para-curve characteristic at 900 °C. With the increase of cyclic reduction number, the dry basis concentration of CO2 decreases remarkably, while the dry basis concentrations of CO, H2, and CH4 increase rapidly. Moreover, the peak value of H2 concentration is less than that of CO. The performance of the NiO-based oxygen carriers was also evaluated using an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope to characterize the solid residues of oxygen carrier. The results indicate that NiO is one of the suitable oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion of coal En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie800850p [article] Use of coal as fuel for chemical-looping combustion with ni-based oxygen carrier [texte imprimé] / Zhengping Gao, Auteur ; Laihong Shen, Auteur ; Jun Xiao, Auteur . - 2009 . - p. 9279–9287. Chemistry engineering Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 47 N° 23 (Décembre 2008) . - p. 9279–9287 Mots-clés : Coal  as  Fuel  Oxygen  Carrier Résumé : Chemical-looping combustion is an indirect combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. The feasibility of using NiO as an oxygen carrier during chemical-looping combustion of coal has been investigated experimentally at 800−960 °C in the present work. The experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed, where the steam acted as the gasification−fluidization medium. Coal gasification and the reaction of oxygen carrier with the water gas take place simultaneously in the reactor. The oxygen carrier particles exhibit high reactivity above 900 °C, and the dry basis concentration of CO2 in the exit gas of the reactor is nearly 95%. The flue gas composition as a function of the reactor temperature and cyclic reduction number is discussed. At 800−960 °C, the dry basis concentration of CO2 in the flue gas presents a monotonously increasing trend, whereas the dry basis concentration of CO, H2, and CH4 decreases monotonously. The concentrations of CO2, CO, H2, and CH4 in the flue gas as a function of cyclic reduction number present a para-curve characteristic at 900 °C. With the increase of cyclic reduction number, the dry basis concentration of CO2 decreases remarkably, while the dry basis concentrations of CO, H2, and CH4 increase rapidly. Moreover, the peak value of H2 concentration is less than that of CO. The performance of the NiO-based oxygen carriers was also evaluated using an X-ray diffractometer and a scanning electron microscope to characterize the solid residues of oxygen carrier. The results indicate that NiO is one of the suitable oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion of coal En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie800850p