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Analysis of the physical and chemical mechanisms of potassium catalysis in the decomposition reactions of wood / C. Di Balsi in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 50 N° 7 (Avril 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 7 (Avril 2011) . - pp. 3864-3873 Titre : Analysis of the physical and chemical mechanisms of potassium catalysis in the decomposition reactions of wood Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Di Balsi, Auteur ; A. Galgano, Auteur ; C. Branca, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 3864-3873 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Wood  Catalysis Résumé : Fir wood pyrolysis is carried out for extracted, KOH and KCl impregnated, and impregnated-extracted samples. For K― concentrations in wood of 0.14% (dry mass basis), the effects of KOH are quantitatively higher, but both additives produce a significant diminution in the yields of hydroxyacetaldehyde, furfural, and sugars, the decomposition temperature, and the conversion time. Water extraction ofKCl impregnated samples is apt to reproduce again the characteristics of extracted wood pyrolysis. Instead, water extraction ofKOH impregnated samples only reports the yields ofhydroxyacetaldehyde, acetic acid, and hydroxypropanone to the original values whereas differences in the other variables, especially characteristic times and temperatures and levoglucosan yields, remain very large. Therefore, the action of the impregnated K+ compounds during wood pyrolysis can be attributed to both irreversible modifications in the wood structure during impregnation, whose entity depends on the basicity of the aqueous solution, and intrinsic action of the K― ion on the activity of the decomposition reactions. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24027630 [article] Analysis of the physical and chemical mechanisms of potassium catalysis in the decomposition reactions of wood [texte imprimé] / C. Di Balsi, Auteur ; A. Galgano, Auteur ; C. Branca, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 3864-3873. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 7 (Avril 2011) . - pp. 3864-3873 Mots-clés : Wood  Catalysis Résumé : Fir wood pyrolysis is carried out for extracted, KOH and KCl impregnated, and impregnated-extracted samples. For K― concentrations in wood of 0.14% (dry mass basis), the effects of KOH are quantitatively higher, but both additives produce a significant diminution in the yields of hydroxyacetaldehyde, furfural, and sugars, the decomposition temperature, and the conversion time. Water extraction ofKCl impregnated samples is apt to reproduce again the characteristics of extracted wood pyrolysis. Instead, water extraction ofKOH impregnated samples only reports the yields ofhydroxyacetaldehyde, acetic acid, and hydroxypropanone to the original values whereas differences in the other variables, especially characteristic times and temperatures and levoglucosan yields, remain very large. Therefore, the action of the impregnated K+ compounds during wood pyrolysis can be attributed to both irreversible modifications in the wood structure during impregnation, whose entity depends on the basicity of the aqueous solution, and intrinsic action of the K― ion on the activity of the decomposition reactions. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24027630

Biomass screening for the production of furfural via thermal decomposition / C. Di Blasi in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 49 N° 6 (Mars 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 6 (Mars 2010) . - pp. 2658–2671 Titre : Biomass screening for the production of furfural via thermal decomposition Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Di Blasi, Auteur ; C. Branca, Auteur ; A. Galgano, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 2658–2671 Note générale : Industrial Chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Biomass  Screening  Production  Furfural  Thermal  Decomposition Résumé : Packed-bed pyrolysis (heating temperature 800 K) is studied of beech and fir wood, several agro-industrial residues (corn cobs and stalks, olive husks, wheat straw, hazelnut and almond shells, orange peels, grape residues, artichoke stems, brewer’s spent grain, and pruning cuts from cherry, olive, vine, and poplar trees) and cellulose, aimed at determining the potentially most promising feedstock for the production of furfural. Parameters associated with conversion dynamics are mainly affected by the packed-bed density (0.1−1.1 g/cm3) whereas products mainly depend upon the feedstock chemical composition. In particular, the yields of condensable organic products increase with the holocellulose content (10−85%) up to 25−40% (dry sample mass basis). The higher yields of furfural (dry organics mass basis), in the range 2−0.8%, are obtained from feedstocks with significant contents of cellulose/pentoses (corn cobs, almond shells, hardwoods such as beech, cherry, olive, and poplar woods, orange peels, corn stalks, and hazelnut shells), while interesting quantities (approximately 1−0.4%) of 2(5H)-furanone are observed in all cases. As expected, the highest yields of hydroxyacetaldehyde and levoglucosan (about 8 and 3%) are produced from fir wood. On the other hand, some agro-industrial residues (hazelnut and almond shells and olive husks), apart from acetic acid, also produce high yields of phenolic compounds. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901731u [article] Biomass screening for the production of furfural via thermal decomposition [texte imprimé] / C. Di Blasi, Auteur ; C. Branca, Auteur ; A. Galgano, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 2658–2671. Industrial Chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 6 (Mars 2010) . - pp. 2658–2671 Mots-clés : Biomass  Screening  Production  Furfural  Thermal  Decomposition Résumé : Packed-bed pyrolysis (heating temperature 800 K) is studied of beech and fir wood, several agro-industrial residues (corn cobs and stalks, olive husks, wheat straw, hazelnut and almond shells, orange peels, grape residues, artichoke stems, brewer’s spent grain, and pruning cuts from cherry, olive, vine, and poplar trees) and cellulose, aimed at determining the potentially most promising feedstock for the production of furfural. Parameters associated with conversion dynamics are mainly affected by the packed-bed density (0.1−1.1 g/cm3) whereas products mainly depend upon the feedstock chemical composition. In particular, the yields of condensable organic products increase with the holocellulose content (10−85%) up to 25−40% (dry sample mass basis). The higher yields of furfural (dry organics mass basis), in the range 2−0.8%, are obtained from feedstocks with significant contents of cellulose/pentoses (corn cobs, almond shells, hardwoods such as beech, cherry, olive, and poplar woods, orange peels, corn stalks, and hazelnut shells), while interesting quantities (approximately 1−0.4%) of 2(5H)-furanone are observed in all cases. As expected, the highest yields of hydroxyacetaldehyde and levoglucosan (about 8 and 3%) are produced from fir wood. On the other hand, some agro-industrial residues (hazelnut and almond shells and olive husks), apart from acetic acid, also produce high yields of phenolic compounds. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901731u

Pyrolysis of corncobs catalyzed by zinc chloride for furfural production / C. Branca in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 49 N° 20 (Octobre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 20 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 9743–9752 Titre : Pyrolysis of corncobs catalyzed by zinc chloride for furfural production Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : C. Branca, Auteur ; C. Di Blasi, Auteur ; A. Galgano, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 9743–9752 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Production  Catalytic  reaction  Pyrolysis Résumé : The pyrolysis of corncobs impregnated with variable amounts of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (up to 11%, on a dry sample mass basis) is investigated and compared with fir wood results. As expected, a continuous increase with the amount of impregnated catalyst in corncobs is observed of the formation rates of char and water (total yields from 46% up to 64%) associated with a decline in the yields of organic condensable products (from 38% to 18%) and gas (from 13% to 9%). Moderate ZnCl2 concentrations (2%−5%) favor the production of levoglucosenone (from trace amounts to 1%), acetic acid (from 4% to 6%), and furfural (from 0.65% to 6%). Moreover, low values, although causing the prompt decay in the yields of hydroxyacetaldehyde, hydroxypropanone, levoglucosan, minor carbohydrates, phenols, and guaiacols, enhance the formation rate of 5-hydroxy-methylfurfural, 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-(2H)-pyran-2-one, 1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one, and 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-α-d-glucopyranose. Results support the speculation that dehydrated cellulose and galactoglucomannan hemicellulose produce levoglucosenone and 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-α-d-glucopyranose, instead of levoglucosan, which are then catalytically decomposed to other products, including furfural. ZnCl2 also catalyzes the primary paths of furfural formation via dehydration of pentosyl and glucosyl residues, with a stronger action on the former. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=23325794 [article] Pyrolysis of corncobs catalyzed by zinc chloride for furfural production [texte imprimé] / C. Branca, Auteur ; C. Di Blasi, Auteur ; A. Galgano, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 9743–9752. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 20 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 9743–9752 Mots-clés : Production  Catalytic  reaction  Pyrolysis Résumé : The pyrolysis of corncobs impregnated with variable amounts of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (up to 11%, on a dry sample mass basis) is investigated and compared with fir wood results. As expected, a continuous increase with the amount of impregnated catalyst in corncobs is observed of the formation rates of char and water (total yields from 46% up to 64%) associated with a decline in the yields of organic condensable products (from 38% to 18%) and gas (from 13% to 9%). Moderate ZnCl2 concentrations (2%−5%) favor the production of levoglucosenone (from trace amounts to 1%), acetic acid (from 4% to 6%), and furfural (from 0.65% to 6%). Moreover, low values, although causing the prompt decay in the yields of hydroxyacetaldehyde, hydroxypropanone, levoglucosan, minor carbohydrates, phenols, and guaiacols, enhance the formation rate of 5-hydroxy-methylfurfural, 4-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-(2H)-pyran-2-one, 1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one, and 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-α-d-glucopyranose. Results support the speculation that dehydrated cellulose and galactoglucomannan hemicellulose produce levoglucosenone and 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-α-d-glucopyranose, instead of levoglucosan, which are then catalytically decomposed to other products, including furfural. ZnCl2 also catalyzes the primary paths of furfural formation via dehydration of pentosyl and glucosyl residues, with a stronger action on the former. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=23325794