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Characterization of hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization of lignin, cellulose, d - xylose, and wood meal / Shimin Kang in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 26 (Juillet 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 26 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 9023-9031 Titre : Characterization of hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization of lignin, cellulose, d - xylose, and wood meal Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Shimin Kang, Auteur ; Xianglan Li, Auteur ; Juan Fan, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 9023-9031 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Wood  Carbonization Résumé : Hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose, lignin, D-xylose (substitute for hemicellulose), and wood meal (WM) was experimentally conducted between 225 and 265 °C, and the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars were investigated. The hydrochar yield is between 45 and 60%, and the yield trend of the feedstock is lignin > WM > cellulose > D-xylose. The hydrochars seem stable below 300 °C, and aromatic structure is formed in all of these hydrochars. The C content, C recovery, energy recovery, ratio of C/O, and ratio of C/H in all of these hydrochars are among 63―75%, 80―87%, 78―89%, 2.3― 4.1, and 12―15, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochars is among 24-30 MJ/kg, with an increase of 45―91% compared with the corresponding feedstock. The carbonization mechanism is proposed, and furfural is found to be an important intermediate product during D-xylose hydrochar production, while lignin hydrothermal carbonization products are made of polyaromatic hydrochar and phenolic hydrochar. The formation of microspheres on the surface of cellulose and WM hydrochars is discussed, and transformation of the hemicellulose should be the reaction for WM microsphere production. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26107460 [article] Characterization of hydrochars produced by hydrothermal carbonization of lignin, cellulose, d - xylose, and wood meal [texte imprimé] / Shimin Kang, Auteur ; Xianglan Li, Auteur ; Juan Fan, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 9023-9031. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 26 (Juillet 2012) . - pp. 9023-9031 Mots-clés : Wood  Carbonization Résumé : Hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose, lignin, D-xylose (substitute for hemicellulose), and wood meal (WM) was experimentally conducted between 225 and 265 °C, and the chemical and structural properties of the hydrochars were investigated. The hydrochar yield is between 45 and 60%, and the yield trend of the feedstock is lignin > WM > cellulose > D-xylose. The hydrochars seem stable below 300 °C, and aromatic structure is formed in all of these hydrochars. The C content, C recovery, energy recovery, ratio of C/O, and ratio of C/H in all of these hydrochars are among 63―75%, 80―87%, 78―89%, 2.3― 4.1, and 12―15, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) of the hydrochars is among 24-30 MJ/kg, with an increase of 45―91% compared with the corresponding feedstock. The carbonization mechanism is proposed, and furfural is found to be an important intermediate product during D-xylose hydrochar production, while lignin hydrothermal carbonization products are made of polyaromatic hydrochar and phenolic hydrochar. The formation of microspheres on the surface of cellulose and WM hydrochars is discussed, and transformation of the hemicellulose should be the reaction for WM microsphere production. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26107460

Classified separation of lignin hydrothermal liquefied products / Shimin Kang in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 50 N° 19 (Octobre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 19 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11288-11296 Titre : Classified separation of lignin hydrothermal liquefied products Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Shimin Kang, Auteur ; Xianglan Li, Auteur ; Juan Fan, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 11288-11296 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Hydrothermal  Liquefied  products Résumé : Alkaline lignin was liquefied under hydrothermal conditions, and the liquefied products were effectively separated into four main types of substances: benzenediols, monophenolic hydroxyl products, weak-polar products, and water-soluble products (low-molecular-weight organic acids, alcohols, etc.). The production process and yield of each classified products are discussed. More than half of the yields of the oil products consisted of phenolics. A mechanism for phenolic production from lignin liquefaction is proposed. It suggests that the decomposition of lignin under hydrothermal conditions occurs mainly by three steps: hydrolysis and cleavage of the ether bond and the C–C bond, demethoxylation, and alkylation. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2011356 [article] Classified separation of lignin hydrothermal liquefied products [texte imprimé] / Shimin Kang, Auteur ; Xianglan Li, Auteur ; Juan Fan, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 11288-11296. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 19 (Octobre 2011) . - pp. 11288-11296 Mots-clés : Hydrothermal  Liquefied  products Résumé : Alkaline lignin was liquefied under hydrothermal conditions, and the liquefied products were effectively separated into four main types of substances: benzenediols, monophenolic hydroxyl products, weak-polar products, and water-soluble products (low-molecular-weight organic acids, alcohols, etc.). The production process and yield of each classified products are discussed. More than half of the yields of the oil products consisted of phenolics. A mechanism for phenolic production from lignin liquefaction is proposed. It suggests that the decomposition of lignin under hydrothermal conditions occurs mainly by three steps: hydrolysis and cleavage of the ether bond and the C–C bond, demethoxylation, and alkylation. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2011356

Novel method for production of phenolics by combining lignin extraction with lignin depolymerization in aqueous ethanol / Yueyuan Ye in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 1 (Janvier 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 1 (Janvier 2012) . - pp. 103–110 Titre : Novel method for production of phenolics by combining lignin extraction with lignin depolymerization in aqueous ethanol Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Yueyuan Ye, Auteur ; Yu Zhang, Auteur ; Juan Fan, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 103–110 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Phenolics  Aqueous  ethanol Résumé : A method for production of high-value-added phenolics by combining organosolv lignin extraction with lignin hydrothermal depolymerization without catalysts under mild conditions was successfully developed. During lignin extraction, the optimal ethanol concentration in mixed solvent is 65 vol %, with which 78% purity (based on Klason lignin) of crude lignin was obtained. High yield of liquid products up to 65.5% was recovered from lignin depolymerization under conditions of 523 K, 90 min, 65 vol % ethanol, and 3% lignin; meanwhile, only 17% solid residue was obtained. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of the obtained liquid products confirmed the presence of value-added phenolics, among which the yields of 4-ethylphenol, 4-vinylphenol, guaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, and 4-vinylguaiacol were very high (30% of the identified compounds). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of these liquid products indicated that lignin was really depolymerized to low molecular weight compounds and that the cleavage of ether bonds and decarbonylation were the major reactions during lignin depolymerization. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202118d [article] Novel method for production of phenolics by combining lignin extraction with lignin depolymerization in aqueous ethanol [texte imprimé] / Yueyuan Ye, Auteur ; Yu Zhang, Auteur ; Juan Fan, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 103–110. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 1 (Janvier 2012) . - pp. 103–110 Mots-clés : Phenolics  Aqueous  ethanol Résumé : A method for production of high-value-added phenolics by combining organosolv lignin extraction with lignin hydrothermal depolymerization without catalysts under mild conditions was successfully developed. During lignin extraction, the optimal ethanol concentration in mixed solvent is 65 vol %, with which 78% purity (based on Klason lignin) of crude lignin was obtained. High yield of liquid products up to 65.5% was recovered from lignin depolymerization under conditions of 523 K, 90 min, 65 vol % ethanol, and 3% lignin; meanwhile, only 17% solid residue was obtained. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of the obtained liquid products confirmed the presence of value-added phenolics, among which the yields of 4-ethylphenol, 4-vinylphenol, guaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, and 4-vinylguaiacol were very high (30% of the identified compounds). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of these liquid products indicated that lignin was really depolymerized to low molecular weight compounds and that the cleavage of ether bonds and decarbonylation were the major reactions during lignin depolymerization. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202118d