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Effect of weak preformed particle gel on unswept oil zones / areas during conformance control treatments / Mahmoud O. Elsharafi in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 35 (Septembre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 35 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 11547-11554 Titre : Effect of weak preformed particle gel on unswept oil zones / areas during conformance control treatments Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mahmoud O. Elsharafi, Auteur ; Baojun Bai, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 11547-11554 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Oil  zones  Control  treatments Résumé : Preformed particle gel (PPG) has been developed to reduce fluid channels through super-high-permeability streaks/fractures. This was done to decrease water production and improve sweep efficiency for mature oilfields. The success of a PPG treatment depends primarily on whether or not PPG can selectively penetrate into highly permeable channels or fractures while minimizing penetration into lower permeable, unswept zones/areas. The purpose of this work was to determine what factors influence the damage of PPG on low-permeable, unswept zones. A filtration apparatus was designed to determine the possible penetration of PPG into low-permeable sandstone rocks. Filtration curves (the relationship between injection times and filtration volume) were obtained, and the permeability of sandstone cores, both before and after PPG treatment, was measured to determine whether or not PPGs reduce the permeability of low-permeable rocks. A commercial superabsorbent polymer, LiquiBlock 40K gel, was used as a PPG sample for our filtration experiments. LiquiBlock 40K is a weak gel particle with an elastic module of 400 Pa at 0.05% of NaCl (wt %). The particle sizes of the gel ranged from 30 to 120 meshes. Filtration test results showed that 30–120 meshes of LiquiBlock 40K gel did not propagate in the cores with a permeability of <320 mD. This test also indicated that the gel formed a cake on the rock’s surface. The damage of particle gel on unswept, low-permeable zones/areas was found to be effectively reduced by controlling both the particle size and the concentration of brine that was used to prepare swollen PPG. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie3007227 [article] Effect of weak preformed particle gel on unswept oil zones / areas during conformance control treatments [texte imprimé] / Mahmoud O. Elsharafi, Auteur ; Baojun Bai, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 11547-11554. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 35 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 11547-11554 Mots-clés : Oil  zones  Control  treatments Résumé : Preformed particle gel (PPG) has been developed to reduce fluid channels through super-high-permeability streaks/fractures. This was done to decrease water production and improve sweep efficiency for mature oilfields. The success of a PPG treatment depends primarily on whether or not PPG can selectively penetrate into highly permeable channels or fractures while minimizing penetration into lower permeable, unswept zones/areas. The purpose of this work was to determine what factors influence the damage of PPG on low-permeable, unswept zones. A filtration apparatus was designed to determine the possible penetration of PPG into low-permeable sandstone rocks. Filtration curves (the relationship between injection times and filtration volume) were obtained, and the permeability of sandstone cores, both before and after PPG treatment, was measured to determine whether or not PPGs reduce the permeability of low-permeable rocks. A commercial superabsorbent polymer, LiquiBlock 40K gel, was used as a PPG sample for our filtration experiments. LiquiBlock 40K is a weak gel particle with an elastic module of 400 Pa at 0.05% of NaCl (wt %). The particle sizes of the gel ranged from 30 to 120 meshes. Filtration test results showed that 30–120 meshes of LiquiBlock 40K gel did not propagate in the cores with a permeability of <320 mD. This test also indicated that the gel formed a cake on the rock’s surface. The damage of particle gel on unswept, low-permeable zones/areas was found to be effectively reduced by controlling both the particle size and the concentration of brine that was used to prepare swollen PPG. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie3007227

Using screening test results to predict the effective viscosity of swollen superabsorbent polymer particles extrusion through an open fracture / Zhang, Hao in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 49 N° 23 (Décembre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 23 (Décembre 2010) . - pp. 12284–12293 Titre : Using screening test results to predict the effective viscosity of swollen superabsorbent polymer particles extrusion through an open fracture Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Zhang, Hao, Auteur ; Rajesh S. Challa, Auteur ; Baojun Bai, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 12284–12293 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Viscosity  Polymer Résumé : Superabsorbent polymer particles, also called preformed particle gels (PPGs), have been successfully applied to reduce water production and enhance oil production in mature reservoirs with fractures or super-high-permeability streaks/channels. The applied particles usually range in size from a few hundred micrometers to a few millimeters and are irregular in shape, which make it impossible to measure their rheology behavior using a traditional rheometer. A simple method, a screen model test, was designed to evaluate the rheological behavior of the swollen PPG. The results show that a swollen PPG is a shear-thinning material with properties that can be expressed using a power-law equation from which an apparent consistency constant and an apparent flow index can be obtained. Considering the shear-thinning properties, we first developed a theoretical mathematical model using a general power-law equation to predict the pressure gradient of a swollen PPG during its extrusion through a fracture. Then, we modified the model by correlating screen test results with fracture experiment results so that the apparent consistency constant and the apparent flow index obtained from the screen tests were introduced to replace the consistency constant and flow index from the general power-law equation. These equations correlated effective viscosity with flow rate, fracture width, apparent consistency constant, and apparent flow index together. The newly developed correlations were validated, and the results showed that a single group of screen test measurements can be applied to determine the effective viscosity of a PPG in a fracture with limited errors. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100917m [article] Using screening test results to predict the effective viscosity of swollen superabsorbent polymer particles extrusion through an open fracture [texte imprimé] / Zhang, Hao, Auteur ; Rajesh S. Challa, Auteur ; Baojun Bai, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 12284–12293. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 23 (Décembre 2010) . - pp. 12284–12293 Mots-clés : Viscosity  Polymer Résumé : Superabsorbent polymer particles, also called preformed particle gels (PPGs), have been successfully applied to reduce water production and enhance oil production in mature reservoirs with fractures or super-high-permeability streaks/channels. The applied particles usually range in size from a few hundred micrometers to a few millimeters and are irregular in shape, which make it impossible to measure their rheology behavior using a traditional rheometer. A simple method, a screen model test, was designed to evaluate the rheological behavior of the swollen PPG. The results show that a swollen PPG is a shear-thinning material with properties that can be expressed using a power-law equation from which an apparent consistency constant and an apparent flow index can be obtained. Considering the shear-thinning properties, we first developed a theoretical mathematical model using a general power-law equation to predict the pressure gradient of a swollen PPG during its extrusion through a fracture. Then, we modified the model by correlating screen test results with fracture experiment results so that the apparent consistency constant and the apparent flow index obtained from the screen tests were introduced to replace the consistency constant and flow index from the general power-law equation. These equations correlated effective viscosity with flow rate, fracture width, apparent consistency constant, and apparent flow index together. The newly developed correlations were validated, and the results showed that a single group of screen test measurements can be applied to determine the effective viscosity of a PPG in a fracture with limited errors. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100917m