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Defluoridation of drinking water and rainwater harvesting using a solar still / L. Anjaneyulu in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 23 (Juin 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 23 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 8040–8048 Titre : Defluoridation of drinking water and rainwater harvesting using a solar still Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : L. Anjaneyulu, Auteur ; E. Arun Kumar, Auteur ; Ravi Sankannavar, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 8040–8048 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Defluoridation  Water Résumé : When people drink water having a fluoride (F–) concentration >1–1.5 mg/L for a long period of time, various ailments that are collectively referred to as fluorosis occur. Based on the design of Thomas (http://www.planetkerala.org), an inclined basin-type solar still containing sand and water has been used at Bangalore for defluoridation. For water samples having a fluoride concentration in the range 5–20 mg/L, the fluoride concentration in the distillate was usually <1.5 mg/L. During the periods October 2006–May 2007 and October 2007–May 2008, the volume of distillate showed a significant diurnal variation, ranging from 0.3 to 4.0 L/m2·day. Based on the figures for 2006, the cost of the still was about Rs. 850 (US$16) for collector areas in the range 0.50–0.57 m2. The occurrence of F– in the distillate merits further investigation. Overall, the still effectively removes F–, but a large area of the collector, in the range 2.5–25 m2, is needed to produce about 10 L of distilled water for cooking and drinking. Rainwater falling on the upper surface of the still was collected, and its fluoride concentration was found to be below the desirable limit of 1 mg/L. Hence it can also be used for cooking and drinking. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201692q [article] Defluoridation of drinking water and rainwater harvesting using a solar still [texte imprimé] / L. Anjaneyulu, Auteur ; E. Arun Kumar, Auteur ; Ravi Sankannavar, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 8040–8048. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 23 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 8040–8048 Mots-clés : Defluoridation  Water Résumé : When people drink water having a fluoride (F–) concentration >1–1.5 mg/L for a long period of time, various ailments that are collectively referred to as fluorosis occur. Based on the design of Thomas (http://www.planetkerala.org), an inclined basin-type solar still containing sand and water has been used at Bangalore for defluoridation. For water samples having a fluoride concentration in the range 5–20 mg/L, the fluoride concentration in the distillate was usually <1.5 mg/L. During the periods October 2006–May 2007 and October 2007–May 2008, the volume of distillate showed a significant diurnal variation, ranging from 0.3 to 4.0 L/m2·day. Based on the figures for 2006, the cost of the still was about Rs. 850 (US$16) for collector areas in the range 0.50–0.57 m2. The occurrence of F– in the distillate merits further investigation. Overall, the still effectively removes F–, but a large area of the collector, in the range 2.5–25 m2, is needed to produce about 10 L of distilled water for cooking and drinking. Rainwater falling on the upper surface of the still was collected, and its fluoride concentration was found to be below the desirable limit of 1 mg/L. Hence it can also be used for cooking and drinking. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201692q

A mechanism for the occurrence of ions in distilled water / Ramesh Balakrishnan in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 50 N° 23 (Décembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 23 (Décembre 2011) . - pp. 13202–13209 Titre : A mechanism for the occurrence of ions in distilled water Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ramesh Balakrishnan, Auteur ; Ravi Sankannavar, Auteur ; K. Kesava Rao, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 13202–13209 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Ions  water  Solar  distillation Résumé : Solar distillation can be used to produce potable water from contaminated water. However, studies show that ions such as F– and NO3– occur in distillates from solar stills. In order to understand the reasons for this behavior, imaging and distillation experiments were conducted. White dots were seen in the vapor space above the interface of hot water poured into containers. The concentrations of various ions such as F– and SO42– in the distillates from thermal and solar distillation experiments were roughly comparable when the feed consisted of deionized water and also solutions having fluoride concentrations of 100 and 10 000 mg/L. These observations suggest that aerosols enter the distillation setup through leaks and provide nuclei for the condensation of water vapor. The water-soluble component of aerosols dissolves in the drops formed, and some of the drops are transferred to the distillate by buoyancy-driven convection. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2002022 [article] A mechanism for the occurrence of ions in distilled water [texte imprimé] / Ramesh Balakrishnan, Auteur ; Ravi Sankannavar, Auteur ; K. Kesava Rao, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 13202–13209. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 50 N° 23 (Décembre 2011) . - pp. 13202–13209 Mots-clés : Ions  water  Solar  distillation Résumé : Solar distillation can be used to produce potable water from contaminated water. However, studies show that ions such as F– and NO3– occur in distillates from solar stills. In order to understand the reasons for this behavior, imaging and distillation experiments were conducted. White dots were seen in the vapor space above the interface of hot water poured into containers. The concentrations of various ions such as F– and SO42– in the distillates from thermal and solar distillation experiments were roughly comparable when the feed consisted of deionized water and also solutions having fluoride concentrations of 100 and 10 000 mg/L. These observations suggest that aerosols enter the distillation setup through leaks and provide nuclei for the condensation of water vapor. The water-soluble component of aerosols dissolves in the drops formed, and some of the drops are transferred to the distillate by buoyancy-driven convection. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2002022