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Spark advance real-time optimization based on combustion analysis / Enrico Corti in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 133 N° 9 (Septembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 133 N° 9 (Septembre 2011) . - 08 p. Titre : Spark advance real-time optimization based on combustion analysis Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Enrico Corti, Auteur ; Claudio Forte, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 08 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Combustion  equipment  Petroleum  Sparks Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : One of the most effective factors influencing performance, efficiency, and pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines is the combustion phasing: In gasoline engines, electronic control units (ECUs) manage the spark advance (SA) in order to set the optimal combustion phase. SA is usually optimized on the test bench by changing the ignition angle while monitoring brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The optimization process relates BMEP, IMEP, and BSFC mean values with the control setting (SA). However, the effect of SA on combustion is not deterministic due to the cycle-to-cycle variation: The analysis of mean values requires many engine cycles to be significant in the performance obtained with the given control setting. This paper presents a novel approach to SA optimization, with the objective of improving the performance analysis robustness while reducing the test time. For a given running condition, IMEP can be considered a function of the combustion phase, represented by the 50% mass fraction burned (50% MFB). Due to cycle-to-cycle variation, different MFB50 and IMEP values are obtained during a steady state test carried out with constant SA, but these values are related by means of a unique relationship. The distribution on the plane IMEP-MFB50 forms a parabola; therefore, the optimization could be carried out by choosing SA values maintaining the scatter around the vertex. Unfortunately, the distribution shape is slightly influenced by heat losses: This effect must be taken into account in order to avoid overadvanced calibrations. SA is then controlled by means of a proportional-integer-derivative controller, fed by an error that is defined based on previous considerations: A contribution is related to the MFB50-IMEP distribution, and a second contribution is related to the net cumulative heat release-IMEP distribution. The latter is able to take into account for heat losses. First, the methodology has been tested on in-cylinder pressure data, collected from different SI engines; then, it has been implemented in real-time by means of a programmable combustion analyzer: The system performs a cycle-to-cycle combustion analysis, evaluating the combustion parameters necessary to calculate the target SA, which is then actuated by the ECU. The approach proved to be efficient, reducing the number of engine cycles necessary for the calibration to less than 1000 per operating condition. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...] [article] Spark advance real-time optimization based on combustion analysis [texte imprimé] / Enrico Corti, Auteur ; Claudio Forte, Auteur . - 2012 . - 08 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 133 N° 9 (Septembre 2011) . - 08 p. Mots-clés : Combustion  equipment  Petroleum  Sparks Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : One of the most effective factors influencing performance, efficiency, and pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines is the combustion phasing: In gasoline engines, electronic control units (ECUs) manage the spark advance (SA) in order to set the optimal combustion phase. SA is usually optimized on the test bench by changing the ignition angle while monitoring brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The optimization process relates BMEP, IMEP, and BSFC mean values with the control setting (SA). However, the effect of SA on combustion is not deterministic due to the cycle-to-cycle variation: The analysis of mean values requires many engine cycles to be significant in the performance obtained with the given control setting. This paper presents a novel approach to SA optimization, with the objective of improving the performance analysis robustness while reducing the test time. For a given running condition, IMEP can be considered a function of the combustion phase, represented by the 50% mass fraction burned (50% MFB). Due to cycle-to-cycle variation, different MFB50 and IMEP values are obtained during a steady state test carried out with constant SA, but these values are related by means of a unique relationship. The distribution on the plane IMEP-MFB50 forms a parabola; therefore, the optimization could be carried out by choosing SA values maintaining the scatter around the vertex. Unfortunately, the distribution shape is slightly influenced by heat losses: This effect must be taken into account in order to avoid overadvanced calibrations. SA is then controlled by means of a proportional-integer-derivative controller, fed by an error that is defined based on previous considerations: A contribution is related to the MFB50-IMEP distribution, and a second contribution is related to the net cumulative heat release-IMEP distribution. The latter is able to take into account for heat losses. First, the methodology has been tested on in-cylinder pressure data, collected from different SI engines; then, it has been implemented in real-time by means of a programmable combustion analyzer: The system performs a cycle-to-cycle combustion analysis, evaluating the combustion parameters necessary to calculate the target SA, which is then actuated by the ECU. The approach proved to be efficient, reducing the number of engine cycles necessary for the calibration to less than 1000 per operating condition. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...]

A statistical approach to spark advance mapping / Enrico Corti in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 132 N° 8 (Août 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 8 (Août 2010) . - 09 p. Titre : A statistical approach to spark advance mapping Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Enrico Corti, Auteur ; Claudio Forte, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 09 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Combustion  Engines  Ignition  Statistical  analysis Résumé : Engine performance and efficiency are largely influenced by combustion phasing. Operating conditions and control settings influence the combustion development over the crankshaft angle; the most effective control parameter used by electronic control units to optimize the combustion process for spark ignition engines is spark advance (SA). SA mapping is a time-consuming process, usually carried out with the engine running in steady state on the test bench, changing SA values while monitoring brake mean effective pressure, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Mean values of IMEP and BSFC for a test carried out with a given SA setting are considered as the parameters to optimize. However, the effect of SA on IMEP and BSFC is not deterministic, due to the cycle-to-cycle variation; the analysis of mean values requires many engine cycles to be significant of the performance obtained with the given control setting. Finally, other elements such as engine or components aging, and disturbances like air-to-fuel ratio or air, water, and oil temperature variations could affect the tests results; this facet can be very significant for racing engine testing. This paper presents a novel approach to SA mapping with the objective of improving the performance analysis robustness while reducing the test time. The methodology is based on the observation that, for a given running condition, IMEP can be considered a function of the combustion phasing, represented by the 50% mass fraction burned (MFB50) parameter. Due to cycle-to-cycle variation, many different MFB50 and IMEP values are obtained during a steady state test carried out with constant SA. While MFB50 and IMEP absolute values are influenced by disturbance factors, the relationship between them holds, and it can be synthesized by means of the angular coefficient of the tangent line to the MFB50-IMEP distribution. The angular coefficient variations as a function of SA can be used to feed a SA controller, able to maintain the optimal combustion phasing. Similarly, knock detection is approached by evaluating two indexes; the distribution of a typical knock-sensitive parameter (maximum amplitude of pressure oscillations) is related to that of CHRNET (net cumulative heat release), determining a robust knock index. A knock limiter controller can then be added in order to restrict the SA range to safe values. The methodology can be implemented in real time combustion controllers; the algorithms have been applied offline to sampled data, showing the feasibility of fast and robust automatic mapping procedures. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...] [article] A statistical approach to spark advance mapping [texte imprimé] / Enrico Corti, Auteur ; Claudio Forte, Auteur . - 2011 . - 09 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 8 (Août 2010) . - 09 p. Mots-clés : Combustion  Engines  Ignition  Statistical  analysis Résumé : Engine performance and efficiency are largely influenced by combustion phasing. Operating conditions and control settings influence the combustion development over the crankshaft angle; the most effective control parameter used by electronic control units to optimize the combustion process for spark ignition engines is spark advance (SA). SA mapping is a time-consuming process, usually carried out with the engine running in steady state on the test bench, changing SA values while monitoring brake mean effective pressure, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Mean values of IMEP and BSFC for a test carried out with a given SA setting are considered as the parameters to optimize. However, the effect of SA on IMEP and BSFC is not deterministic, due to the cycle-to-cycle variation; the analysis of mean values requires many engine cycles to be significant of the performance obtained with the given control setting. Finally, other elements such as engine or components aging, and disturbances like air-to-fuel ratio or air, water, and oil temperature variations could affect the tests results; this facet can be very significant for racing engine testing. This paper presents a novel approach to SA mapping with the objective of improving the performance analysis robustness while reducing the test time. The methodology is based on the observation that, for a given running condition, IMEP can be considered a function of the combustion phasing, represented by the 50% mass fraction burned (MFB50) parameter. Due to cycle-to-cycle variation, many different MFB50 and IMEP values are obtained during a steady state test carried out with constant SA. While MFB50 and IMEP absolute values are influenced by disturbance factors, the relationship between them holds, and it can be synthesized by means of the angular coefficient of the tangent line to the MFB50-IMEP distribution. The angular coefficient variations as a function of SA can be used to feed a SA controller, able to maintain the optimal combustion phasing. Similarly, knock detection is approached by evaluating two indexes; the distribution of a typical knock-sensitive parameter (maximum amplitude of pressure oscillations) is related to that of CHRNET (net cumulative heat release), determining a robust knock index. A knock limiter controller can then be added in order to restrict the SA range to safe values. The methodology can be implemented in real time combustion controllers; the algorithms have been applied offline to sampled data, showing the feasibility of fast and robust automatic mapping procedures. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...]