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Air separation membranes / Munidhar Biruduganti in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 132 N° 8 (Août 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 8 (Août 2010) . - 07 p. Titre : Air separation membranes : an alternative to EGR in large bore natural gas engines Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Munidhar Biruduganti, Auteur ; Sreenath Gupta, Auteur ; Bipin Bihari, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 07 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Air  pollution  control  Combustion  Engine  cylinders  Exhaust  systems  Ignition  Natural  gas  technology  Nitrogen  compounds Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Air separation membranes (ASMs) could potentially replace exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology in engines due to the proven benefits in NOx reduction but without the drawbacks of EGR. Previous investigations of nitrogen-enriched air (NEA) combustion using nitrogen bottles showed up to 70% NOx reduction with modest 2% nitrogen enrichment. The investigation in this paper was performed with an ASM capable of delivering at least 3.5% NEA to a single-cylinder spark-ignited natural gas engine. Low temperature combustion is one of the pathways to meet the mandatory ultra low NOx emissions levels set by regulatory agencies. In this study, a comparative assessment is made between natural gas combustion in standard air and 2% NEA. Enrichment beyond this level degraded engine performance in terms of power density, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and unburned hydrocarbon emissions for a given equivalence ratio. The ignition timing was optimized to yield maximum brake torque for standard air and NEA. Subsequently, conventional spark ignition was replaced by laser ignition (LI) to extend lean ignition limit. Both ignition systems were studied under a wide operating range from psi:1.0 to the lean misfire limit. It was observed that with 2% NEA, for a similar fuel quantity, the equivalence ratio (Psi) increases by 0.1 relative to standard air conditions. Analysis showed that lean burn operation along with NEA and alternative ignition source, such as LI, could pave the pathway for realizing lower NOx emissions with a slight penalty in BTE. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...] [article] Air separation membranes : an alternative to EGR in large bore natural gas engines [texte imprimé] / Munidhar Biruduganti, Auteur ; Sreenath Gupta, Auteur ; Bipin Bihari, Auteur . - 2011 . - 07 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 8 (Août 2010) . - 07 p. Mots-clés : Air  pollution  control  Combustion  Engine  cylinders  Exhaust  systems  Ignition  Natural  gas  technology  Nitrogen  compounds Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Air separation membranes (ASMs) could potentially replace exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology in engines due to the proven benefits in NOx reduction but without the drawbacks of EGR. Previous investigations of nitrogen-enriched air (NEA) combustion using nitrogen bottles showed up to 70% NOx reduction with modest 2% nitrogen enrichment. The investigation in this paper was performed with an ASM capable of delivering at least 3.5% NEA to a single-cylinder spark-ignited natural gas engine. Low temperature combustion is one of the pathways to meet the mandatory ultra low NOx emissions levels set by regulatory agencies. In this study, a comparative assessment is made between natural gas combustion in standard air and 2% NEA. Enrichment beyond this level degraded engine performance in terms of power density, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and unburned hydrocarbon emissions for a given equivalence ratio. The ignition timing was optimized to yield maximum brake torque for standard air and NEA. Subsequently, conventional spark ignition was replaced by laser ignition (LI) to extend lean ignition limit. Both ignition systems were studied under a wide operating range from psi:1.0 to the lean misfire limit. It was observed that with 2% NEA, for a similar fuel quantity, the equivalence ratio (Psi) increases by 0.1 relative to standard air conditions. Analysis showed that lean burn operation along with NEA and alternative ignition source, such as LI, could pave the pathway for realizing lower NOx emissions with a slight penalty in BTE. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...]

In-cylinder equivalence ratio measurements in an EGR equipped engine / Sreenath B. Gupta in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 133 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 133 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - 05 p. Titre : In-cylinder equivalence ratio measurements in an EGR equipped engine Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Sreenath B. Gupta, Auteur ; Bipin Bihari, Auteur ; Munidhar Biruduganti, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : 05 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Combustion  Engine  cylinders  Exhaust  systems  Ignition  Internal  combustion  engines  Laser  beam  effects Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : A single-cylinder natural gas fueled engine equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system was ignited using a laser. The broadband emission from the spark kernel was spectrally resolved, and the peaks corresponding to Halpha, N, and O atoms were measured for a range of conditions with global equivalence ratios ranging between 0.6 and 1.0 and for exhaust gas recirculation fractions up to 29%. The (Halpha/O) and (Halpha/N) peak intensity ratios from the spectral scans correlated extremely well (R2>0.97) with local oxygen based equivalence ratios. Appropriate relations were developed to relate such values to global equivalence ratios and the EGR rate. For a homogeneous intake charge, the present laser induced breakdown spectroscopy diagnostic enables an estimation of one of the two values, global equivalence ratio or EGR rate, with the knowledge of the other. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...] [article] In-cylinder equivalence ratio measurements in an EGR equipped engine [texte imprimé] / Sreenath B. Gupta, Auteur ; Bipin Bihari, Auteur ; Munidhar Biruduganti, Auteur . - 2012 . - 05 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 133 N° 11 (Novembre 2011) . - 05 p. Mots-clés : Combustion  Engine  cylinders  Exhaust  systems  Ignition  Internal  combustion  engines  Laser  beam  effects Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : A single-cylinder natural gas fueled engine equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system was ignited using a laser. The broadband emission from the spark kernel was spectrally resolved, and the peaks corresponding to Halpha, N, and O atoms were measured for a range of conditions with global equivalence ratios ranging between 0.6 and 1.0 and for exhaust gas recirculation fractions up to 29%. The (Halpha/O) and (Halpha/N) peak intensity ratios from the spectral scans correlated extremely well (R2>0.97) with local oxygen based equivalence ratios. Appropriate relations were developed to relate such values to global equivalence ratios and the EGR rate. For a homogeneous intake charge, the present laser induced breakdown spectroscopy diagnostic enables an estimation of one of the two values, global equivalence ratio or EGR rate, with the knowledge of the other. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...]