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New insights into the gelation behavior of polyethyleneimine cross - linking partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide gels / Jia Hu in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 38 (Septembre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 38 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 12155–12166 Titre : New insights into the gelation behavior of polyethyleneimine cross - linking partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide gels Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Jia Hu, Auteur ; Jin-Zhou Zhao, Auteur ; Fa-Yang Jin, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 12155–12166 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gelation Résumé : Using polymer gel is still the mainstream technique of the chemical method for water shut-off in mature oilfield development. The gelation performance of polyethyleneimine (PEI) cross-linking partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) gel was systematically investigated in this paper by using three types of molecular weight (Mw) HPAM. Results show that the gelant solution (the fluid solution of cross-linker and polymer that exists before gelation) can slightly gel even at room temperature and form a rudimentary 3D network structure for protecting the subsequent gelling. The main factors, including HPAM, PEI concentrations, HPAM Mw, and total dissolved solids (TDS) to affect the gelation performance are also discussed. The gelation time is around 18–72 h at 65 °C, which is much longer than the commonly used chromium(III)-acetate cross-linking HPAM gel system. The gelation performance of the PEI/HPAM gel system is improved after flowing through porous media and shows the adverse law for a porous media sheared chromium(III)-acetate or phenol-formaldehyde cross-linking HPAM gel system. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanning results show that the microstructure of PEI/HPAM gel distributes a lot of cavities. Compared to the original premature gel (code B), the cavities are more uniform and regular after flowing through porous media. In addition, this study revealed that the presence of free oxygen in the uniform cavities of the weak cross-linked gel after flowing through porous media can accelerate the oxidation reaction to produce a darker brown gel. It also discusses how these new findings will affect the application of the gel system in the oil field. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26399664 [article] New insights into the gelation behavior of polyethyleneimine cross - linking partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide gels [texte imprimé] / Jia Hu, Auteur ; Jin-Zhou Zhao, Auteur ; Fa-Yang Jin, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 12155–12166. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 38 (Septembre 2012) . - pp. 12155–12166 Mots-clés : Gelation Résumé : Using polymer gel is still the mainstream technique of the chemical method for water shut-off in mature oilfield development. The gelation performance of polyethyleneimine (PEI) cross-linking partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) gel was systematically investigated in this paper by using three types of molecular weight (Mw) HPAM. Results show that the gelant solution (the fluid solution of cross-linker and polymer that exists before gelation) can slightly gel even at room temperature and form a rudimentary 3D network structure for protecting the subsequent gelling. The main factors, including HPAM, PEI concentrations, HPAM Mw, and total dissolved solids (TDS) to affect the gelation performance are also discussed. The gelation time is around 18–72 h at 65 °C, which is much longer than the commonly used chromium(III)-acetate cross-linking HPAM gel system. The gelation performance of the PEI/HPAM gel system is improved after flowing through porous media and shows the adverse law for a porous media sheared chromium(III)-acetate or phenol-formaldehyde cross-linking HPAM gel system. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) scanning results show that the microstructure of PEI/HPAM gel distributes a lot of cavities. Compared to the original premature gel (code B), the cavities are more uniform and regular after flowing through porous media. In addition, this study revealed that the presence of free oxygen in the uniform cavities of the weak cross-linked gel after flowing through porous media can accelerate the oxidation reaction to produce a darker brown gel. It also discusses how these new findings will affect the application of the gel system in the oil field. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26399664

Research on the gelation performance of low toxic PEI cross - linking PHPAM gel systems as water shutoff agents in low temperature reservoirs / Hu Jia in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 49 N° 20 (Octobre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 20 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 9618–9624 Titre : Research on the gelation performance of low toxic PEI cross - linking PHPAM gel systems as water shutoff agents in low temperature reservoirs Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Hu Jia, Auteur ; Wan-Fen Pu, Auteur ; Jin-Zhou Zhao, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 9618–9624 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Gelation  performance Résumé : Using gel as the water shutoff agent has been widely reported in the aspect of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) of the development of mature oil fields. Cross-linkers such as chromium(III) acetate and phenol−formaldehyde are commonly used, but they are toxic. Today, use of low toxic polyethyleneimine (PEI) cross-linking a copolymer of acrylamide and tert-butyl acrylate (PAtBA) as the water shutoff gel is reported more but is mainly focused on its theoretical research and applications in high temperature reservoirs. Because of the defects of the chromium(III) acetate and phenol−formaldehyde cross-linkers, the gelation performance of PEI/partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPAM) gel systems at low temperature (40 °C) is discussed in this paper. The results show that the gelation time and strength of the PEI/PHPAM gel system can be perfectly controlled by adjusting the PHPAM concentration, the molecular weight, the PEI concentration, and the total dissolved solids. The polymer concentration and molecular weight can affect not only the gelation time and the gel strength but also its stability. Among them the polymer concentration is the most important factor that affects the gel stability. For the low temperature reservoirs, the most common used chromium(III) acetate/PHPAM gel system has only around 5 h of gelation time at 40 °C to get a high gel strength. However, the PEI/PHPAM gel system can achieve a much longer gelation time. Polymer gels formulated with a combination of 1.5 wt % PHPAM and added 0.3−0.8 wt % PEI provide a gelation time between 15 h and 9 days, and the maximum gel strength could reach code I. This study suggests that the low toxic PEI/PHPAM gel system can be used in low temperature reservoirs. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100888q [article] Research on the gelation performance of low toxic PEI cross - linking PHPAM gel systems as water shutoff agents in low temperature reservoirs [texte imprimé] / Hu Jia, Auteur ; Wan-Fen Pu, Auteur ; Jin-Zhou Zhao, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 9618–9624. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 20 (Octobre 2010) . - pp. 9618–9624 Mots-clés : Gelation  performance Résumé : Using gel as the water shutoff agent has been widely reported in the aspect of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) of the development of mature oil fields. Cross-linkers such as chromium(III) acetate and phenol−formaldehyde are commonly used, but they are toxic. Today, use of low toxic polyethyleneimine (PEI) cross-linking a copolymer of acrylamide and tert-butyl acrylate (PAtBA) as the water shutoff gel is reported more but is mainly focused on its theoretical research and applications in high temperature reservoirs. Because of the defects of the chromium(III) acetate and phenol−formaldehyde cross-linkers, the gelation performance of PEI/partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPAM) gel systems at low temperature (40 °C) is discussed in this paper. The results show that the gelation time and strength of the PEI/PHPAM gel system can be perfectly controlled by adjusting the PHPAM concentration, the molecular weight, the PEI concentration, and the total dissolved solids. The polymer concentration and molecular weight can affect not only the gelation time and the gel strength but also its stability. Among them the polymer concentration is the most important factor that affects the gel stability. For the low temperature reservoirs, the most common used chromium(III) acetate/PHPAM gel system has only around 5 h of gelation time at 40 °C to get a high gel strength. However, the PEI/PHPAM gel system can achieve a much longer gelation time. Polymer gels formulated with a combination of 1.5 wt % PHPAM and added 0.3−0.8 wt % PEI provide a gelation time between 15 h and 9 days, and the maximum gel strength could reach code I. This study suggests that the low toxic PEI/PHPAM gel system can be used in low temperature reservoirs. DEWEY : 660 ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie100888q