Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur

Development and validation of a thickened flame modeling approach for large eddy simulation of premixed combustion / Peter A. Strakey in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 132 N° 7 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 7 (Juillet 2010) . - 09 p. Titre : Development and validation of a thickened flame modeling approach for large eddy simulation of premixed combustion Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Peter A. Strakey, Auteur ; Gilles Eggenspieler, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 09 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Combustion  Flames  Thermal  diffusivity Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : The development of a dynamic thickened flame (TF) turbulence-chemistry interaction model is presented based on a novel approach to determine the subfilter flame wrinkling efficiency. The basic premise of the TF model is to artificially decrease the reaction rates and increase the species and thermal diffusivities by the same amount, which thickens the flame to a scale that can be resolved on the large eddy simulation (LES) grid while still recovering the laminar flame speed. The TF modeling approach adopted here uses local reaction rates and gradients of product species to thicken the flame to a scale large enough to be resolved by the LES grid. The thickening factor, which is a function of the local grid size and laminar flame thickness, is only applied in the flame region and is commonly referred to as dynamic thickening. Spatial filtering of the velocity field is used to determine the efficiency function by accounting for turbulent kinetic energy between the grid-scale and the thickened flame scale. The TF model was implemented into the commercial computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT. Validation in the approach is conducted by comparing model results to experimental data collected in a laboratory-scale burner. The burner is based on an enclosed scaled-down version of the low swirl injector developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A perfectly premixed lean methane-air flame was studied, as well as the cold-flow characteristics of the combustor. Planar laser induced fluorescence of the hydroxyl molecule was collected for the combusting condition, as well as the velocity field data using particle image velocimetry. Thermal imaging of the quartz liner surface temperature was also conducted to validate the thermal wall boundary conditions applied in the LES calculations. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...] [article] Development and validation of a thickened flame modeling approach for large eddy simulation of premixed combustion [texte imprimé] / Peter A. Strakey, Auteur ; Gilles Eggenspieler, Auteur . - 2011 . - 09 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 7 (Juillet 2010) . - 09 p. Mots-clés : Combustion  Flames  Thermal  diffusivity Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : The development of a dynamic thickened flame (TF) turbulence-chemistry interaction model is presented based on a novel approach to determine the subfilter flame wrinkling efficiency. The basic premise of the TF model is to artificially decrease the reaction rates and increase the species and thermal diffusivities by the same amount, which thickens the flame to a scale that can be resolved on the large eddy simulation (LES) grid while still recovering the laminar flame speed. The TF modeling approach adopted here uses local reaction rates and gradients of product species to thicken the flame to a scale large enough to be resolved by the LES grid. The thickening factor, which is a function of the local grid size and laminar flame thickness, is only applied in the flame region and is commonly referred to as dynamic thickening. Spatial filtering of the velocity field is used to determine the efficiency function by accounting for turbulent kinetic energy between the grid-scale and the thickened flame scale. The TF model was implemented into the commercial computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT. Validation in the approach is conducted by comparing model results to experimental data collected in a laboratory-scale burner. The burner is based on an enclosed scaled-down version of the low swirl injector developed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. A perfectly premixed lean methane-air flame was studied, as well as the cold-flow characteristics of the combustor. Planar laser induced fluorescence of the hydroxyl molecule was collected for the combusting condition, as well as the velocity field data using particle image velocimetry. Thermal imaging of the quartz liner surface temperature was also conducted to validate the thermal wall boundary conditions applied in the LES calculations. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...]

NOx reduction by air-side versus fuel-side dilution in hydrogen diffusion flame combustors / Nathan T. Weiland in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 132 N° 7 (Juillet 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 7 (Juillet 2010) . - 09 p. Titre : NOx reduction by air-side versus fuel-side dilution in hydrogen diffusion flame combustors Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Nathan T. Weiland, Auteur ; Peter A. Strakey, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 09 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Air  pollution  control  Carbon  compounds  Combined  cycle  power  stations  Combustion  Diffusion  Flames  Nitrogen  compounds  Stratified  flow  Thermal  stability Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Lean-direct-injection (LDI) combustion is being considered at the National Energy Technology Laboratory as a means to attain low NOx emissions in a high-hydrogen gas turbine combustor. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant designs can create a high-hydrogen fuel using a water-gas shift reactor and subsequent CO2 separation. The IGCC's air separation unit produces a volume of N2 roughly equivalent to the volume of H2 in the gasifier product stream, which can be used to help reduce peak flame temperatures and NOx in the diffusion flame combustor. Placement of this diluent in either the air or fuel streams is a matter of practical importance, and it has not been studied to date for LDI combustion. The current work discusses how diluent placement affects diffusion flame temperatures, residence times, and stability limits, and their resulting effects on NOx emissions. From a peak flame temperature perspective, greater NOx reduction should be attainable with fuel dilution rather than air or independent dilution in any diffusion flame combustor with excess combustion air, due to the complete utilization of the diluent as a heat sink at the flame front, although the importance of this mechanism is shown to diminish as flow conditions approach stoichiometric proportions. For simple LDI combustor designs, residence time scaling relationships yield a lower NOx production potential for fuel-side dilution due to its smaller flame size, whereas air dilution yields a larger air entrainment requirement and a subsequently larger flame, with longer residence times and higher thermal NOx generation. For more complex staged-air LDI combustor designs, the dilution of the primary combustion air at fuel-rich conditions can result in the full utilization of the diluent for reducing the peak flame temperature, while also controlling flame volume and residence time for NOx reduction purposes. However, differential diffusion of hydrogen out of a diluted hydrogen/nitrogen fuel jet can create regions of higher hydrogen content in the immediate vicinity of the fuel injection point than can be attained with the dilution of the air stream, leading to increased flame stability. By this mechanism, fuel-side dilution extends the operating envelope to areas with higher velocities in the experimental configurations tested, where faster mixing rates further reduce flame residence times and NOx emissions. Strategies for accurate computational modeling of LDI combustors' stability characteristics are also discussed. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...] [article] NOx reduction by air-side versus fuel-side dilution in hydrogen diffusion flame combustors [texte imprimé] / Nathan T. Weiland, Auteur ; Peter A. Strakey, Auteur . - 2011 . - 09 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 7 (Juillet 2010) . - 09 p. Mots-clés : Air  pollution  control  Carbon  compounds  Combined  cycle  power  stations  Combustion  Diffusion  Flames  Nitrogen  compounds  Stratified  flow  Thermal  stability Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : Lean-direct-injection (LDI) combustion is being considered at the National Energy Technology Laboratory as a means to attain low NOx emissions in a high-hydrogen gas turbine combustor. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant designs can create a high-hydrogen fuel using a water-gas shift reactor and subsequent CO2 separation. The IGCC's air separation unit produces a volume of N2 roughly equivalent to the volume of H2 in the gasifier product stream, which can be used to help reduce peak flame temperatures and NOx in the diffusion flame combustor. Placement of this diluent in either the air or fuel streams is a matter of practical importance, and it has not been studied to date for LDI combustion. The current work discusses how diluent placement affects diffusion flame temperatures, residence times, and stability limits, and their resulting effects on NOx emissions. From a peak flame temperature perspective, greater NOx reduction should be attainable with fuel dilution rather than air or independent dilution in any diffusion flame combustor with excess combustion air, due to the complete utilization of the diluent as a heat sink at the flame front, although the importance of this mechanism is shown to diminish as flow conditions approach stoichiometric proportions. For simple LDI combustor designs, residence time scaling relationships yield a lower NOx production potential for fuel-side dilution due to its smaller flame size, whereas air dilution yields a larger air entrainment requirement and a subsequently larger flame, with longer residence times and higher thermal NOx generation. For more complex staged-air LDI combustor designs, the dilution of the primary combustion air at fuel-rich conditions can result in the full utilization of the diluent for reducing the peak flame temperature, while also controlling flame volume and residence time for NOx reduction purposes. However, differential diffusion of hydrogen out of a diluted hydrogen/nitrogen fuel jet can create regions of higher hydrogen content in the immediate vicinity of the fuel injection point than can be attained with the dilution of the air stream, leading to increased flame stability. By this mechanism, fuel-side dilution extends the operating envelope to areas with higher velocities in the experimental configurations tested, where faster mixing rates further reduce flame residence times and NOx emissions. Strategies for accurate computational modeling of LDI combustors' stability characteristics are also discussed. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ00013 [...]