Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur

Application of the carbon balance method to flare emissions characteristics / Scott C. Herndon in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 12577-12585 Titre : Application of the carbon balance method to flare emissions characteristics Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Scott C. Herndon, Auteur ; David D. Nelson, Auteur ; Ezra C. Wood, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 12577-12585 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Carbon  balance Résumé : The destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) computation of target hydrocarbon species in the flaring process is derived using carbon balance methodologies. This analysis approach is applied to data acquired during the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 2010 Flare Study. Example DRE calculations are described and discussed. Carbon balance is achieved to within 2% for the analysis of flare vent gases. Overall method uncertainty is evaluated and examined together with apparent variability in flare combustion performance. Using fast response direct sampling measurements to characterize flare combustion parameters is sufficiently accurate to produce performance curves on a large-scale industrial flare operating at low vent gas flow rates. En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26419211 [article] Application of the carbon balance method to flare emissions characteristics [texte imprimé] / Scott C. Herndon, Auteur ; David D. Nelson, Auteur ; Ezra C. Wood, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 12577-12585. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 12577-12585 Mots-clés : Carbon  balance Résumé : The destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) computation of target hydrocarbon species in the flaring process is derived using carbon balance methodologies. This analysis approach is applied to data acquired during the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality 2010 Flare Study. Example DRE calculations are described and discussed. Carbon balance is achieved to within 2% for the analysis of flare vent gases. Overall method uncertainty is evaluated and examined together with apparent variability in flare combustion performance. Using fast response direct sampling measurements to characterize flare combustion parameters is sufficiently accurate to produce performance curves on a large-scale industrial flare operating at low vent gas flow rates. En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26419211

Combustion and destruction/removal efficiencies of In-use chemical flares in the greater houston area / Ezra C. Wood in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 12685-12696 Titre : Combustion and destruction/removal efficiencies of In-use chemical flares in the greater houston area Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Ezra C. Wood, Auteur ; Scott C. Herndon, Auteur ; Ed C. Fortner, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 12685-12696 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Combustion Résumé : Alkene emissions from the petrochemical industry contribute significantly to ozone production in the greater Houston area but are underestimated in emission inventories. It is not well-known which processes (e.g., fugitive emissions, chemical flare emissions, etc.) are responsible for these underreported emissions. We use fast time response and ground-based mobile measurements of numerous trace gas species to characterize alkene plumes from three identified chemical flares in the greater Houston area. We calculate the combustion efficiency and destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) values of these flares using the carbon balance method. All three flares were operating at DRE values lower than required by regulation. An examination of photochemistry in flare exhaust plumes indicates that the impact of direct formaldehyde emissions from flares on ozone formation is small as compared to the impact of alkene emissions. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26419223 [article] Combustion and destruction/removal efficiencies of In-use chemical flares in the greater houston area [texte imprimé] / Ezra C. Wood, Auteur ; Scott C. Herndon, Auteur ; Ed C. Fortner, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 12685-12696. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 12685-12696 Mots-clés : Combustion Résumé : Alkene emissions from the petrochemical industry contribute significantly to ozone production in the greater Houston area but are underestimated in emission inventories. It is not well-known which processes (e.g., fugitive emissions, chemical flare emissions, etc.) are responsible for these underreported emissions. We use fast time response and ground-based mobile measurements of numerous trace gas species to characterize alkene plumes from three identified chemical flares in the greater Houston area. We calculate the combustion efficiency and destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) values of these flares using the carbon balance method. All three flares were operating at DRE values lower than required by regulation. An examination of photochemistry in flare exhaust plumes indicates that the impact of direct formaldehyde emissions from flares on ozone formation is small as compared to the impact of alkene emissions. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26419223

Detecting fugitive emissions of 1,3-butadiene and styrene from a petrochemical facility / W. Berk Knighton in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 12706-12711 Titre : Detecting fugitive emissions of 1,3-butadiene and styrene from a petrochemical facility : An application of a mobile laboratory and a modified proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : W. Berk Knighton, Auteur ; Scott C. Herndon, Auteur ; Ezra C. Wood, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 12706-12711 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Petrochemical  industry  Fugacity Résumé : The petrochemical industry is a major source of 1,3-butadiene and styrene emissions within the Houston-Galveston area. Both compounds are listed as hazardous air pollutants by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) lists 1,3-butadiene as a highly reactive volatile organic compound. The Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory (AML) was deployed in 2009 as part of the Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursor (SHARP) project to survey the petrochemical complexes in the Houston ship channel area for air toxics releases. This paper describes how the AML, equipped with a modified proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer configured to operate with NO+ as the reagent ion, was used to characterize and quantify fugitive emissions. On April 26, 2009, the AML surveyed the Goodyear Tire and Rubber and Texas Petrochemical (GY-TPC) complex by circumnavigating the facility on public roads while making continuous measurements. The extensive suite of trace gas instrumentation onboard the AML was used to identify fugitive emissions of 1,3-butadiene and styrene from the industrial complex and to distinguish them from any interfering mobile sources. The mobile lab detected significantly enhanced concentrations of 1,3-butadiene (30 ppbv max) and styrene (15 ppbv max). These results are examined with respect to the prevailing winds and routine ambient air monitoring data from TCEQ's Milby Park AutoGC, which is located adjacent to the GY-TPC complex. Simple Gaussian point source plume model calculations predict source emission rates that are consistent with reported emission inventories. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26419225 [article] Detecting fugitive emissions of 1,3-butadiene and styrene from a petrochemical facility : An application of a mobile laboratory and a modified proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer [texte imprimé] / W. Berk Knighton, Auteur ; Scott C. Herndon, Auteur ; Ezra C. Wood, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 12706-12711. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 39 (Octobre 2012) . - pp. 12706-12711 Mots-clés : Petrochemical  industry  Fugacity Résumé : The petrochemical industry is a major source of 1,3-butadiene and styrene emissions within the Houston-Galveston area. Both compounds are listed as hazardous air pollutants by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) lists 1,3-butadiene as a highly reactive volatile organic compound. The Aerodyne Mobile Laboratory (AML) was deployed in 2009 as part of the Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursor (SHARP) project to survey the petrochemical complexes in the Houston ship channel area for air toxics releases. This paper describes how the AML, equipped with a modified proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer configured to operate with NO+ as the reagent ion, was used to characterize and quantify fugitive emissions. On April 26, 2009, the AML surveyed the Goodyear Tire and Rubber and Texas Petrochemical (GY-TPC) complex by circumnavigating the facility on public roads while making continuous measurements. The extensive suite of trace gas instrumentation onboard the AML was used to identify fugitive emissions of 1,3-butadiene and styrene from the industrial complex and to distinguish them from any interfering mobile sources. The mobile lab detected significantly enhanced concentrations of 1,3-butadiene (30 ppbv max) and styrene (15 ppbv max). These results are examined with respect to the prevailing winds and routine ambient air monitoring data from TCEQ's Milby Park AutoGC, which is located adjacent to the GY-TPC complex. Simple Gaussian point source plume model calculations predict source emission rates that are consistent with reported emission inventories. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=26419225

Gas turbine engine emissions—Part I: Volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides / Michael T. Timko in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 132 N° 6 (Juin 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 6 (Juin 2010) . - 14 p. Titre : Gas turbine engine emissions—Part I: Volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael T. Timko, Auteur ; Scott C. Herndon, Auteur ; Ezra C. Wood, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 14 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aerospace  engines  Aircraft  Gas  turbines  Organic  compounds Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : The potential human health and environmental impacts of aircraft gas turbine engine emissions during normal airport operation are issues of growing concern. During the JETS/Aircraft Particle Emissions eXperiment(APEX)-2 and APEX-3 field campaigns, we performed an extensive series of gas phase and particulate emissions measurements of on-wing gas turbine engines. In all, nine different CFM56 style engines (including both CFM56-3B1 and -7B22 models) and seven additional engines (two RB211-535E4-B engines, three AE3007 engines, one PW4158, and one CJ6108A) were studied to evaluate engine-to-engine variability. Specific gas-phase measurements include NO2, NO, and total NOx, HCHO, C2H4, CO, and a range of volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene, styrene, toluene, naphthalene). A number of broad conclusions can be made based on the gas-phase data set: (1) field measurements of gas-phase emission indices (EIs) are generally consistent with ICAO certification values; (2) speciation of gas phase NOx between NO and NO2 is reproducible for different engine types and favors NO2 at low power (and low fuel flow rate) and NO at high power (high fuel flow rate); (3) emission indices of gas-phase organic compounds and CO decrease rapidly with increasing fuel flow rate; (4) plotting EI-CO or volatile organic compound EIs against fuel flow rate collapses much of the variability between the different engines, with one exception (AE3007); (5) HCHO, ethylene, acetaldehyde, and propene are the most abundant volatile organic compounds present in the exhaust gases that we can detect, independent of engine technology differences. Empirical correlations accurate to within 30% and based on the publicly available engine parameters are presented for estimating EI-NOx and EI-NO2. Engine-to-engine variability, unavailability of combustor input conditions, changing ambient temperatures, and complex reaction dynamics limit the accuracy of global correlations for CO or volatile organic compound EIs. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ000132000006 [...] [article] Gas turbine engine emissions—Part I: Volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides [texte imprimé] / Michael T. Timko, Auteur ; Scott C. Herndon, Auteur ; Ezra C. Wood, Auteur . - 2011 . - 14 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 6 (Juin 2010) . - 14 p. Mots-clés : Aerospace  engines  Aircraft  Gas  turbines  Organic  compounds Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : The potential human health and environmental impacts of aircraft gas turbine engine emissions during normal airport operation are issues of growing concern. During the JETS/Aircraft Particle Emissions eXperiment(APEX)-2 and APEX-3 field campaigns, we performed an extensive series of gas phase and particulate emissions measurements of on-wing gas turbine engines. In all, nine different CFM56 style engines (including both CFM56-3B1 and -7B22 models) and seven additional engines (two RB211-535E4-B engines, three AE3007 engines, one PW4158, and one CJ6108A) were studied to evaluate engine-to-engine variability. Specific gas-phase measurements include NO2, NO, and total NOx, HCHO, C2H4, CO, and a range of volatile organic compounds (e.g., benzene, styrene, toluene, naphthalene). A number of broad conclusions can be made based on the gas-phase data set: (1) field measurements of gas-phase emission indices (EIs) are generally consistent with ICAO certification values; (2) speciation of gas phase NOx between NO and NO2 is reproducible for different engine types and favors NO2 at low power (and low fuel flow rate) and NO at high power (high fuel flow rate); (3) emission indices of gas-phase organic compounds and CO decrease rapidly with increasing fuel flow rate; (4) plotting EI-CO or volatile organic compound EIs against fuel flow rate collapses much of the variability between the different engines, with one exception (AE3007); (5) HCHO, ethylene, acetaldehyde, and propene are the most abundant volatile organic compounds present in the exhaust gases that we can detect, independent of engine technology differences. Empirical correlations accurate to within 30% and based on the publicly available engine parameters are presented for estimating EI-NOx and EI-NO2. Engine-to-engine variability, unavailability of combustor input conditions, changing ambient temperatures, and complex reaction dynamics limit the accuracy of global correlations for CO or volatile organic compound EIs. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ000132000006 [...]