Documents disponibles écrits par cet auteur

Gas turbine engine emissions—Part II: Chemical properties of particulate matter / Michael T. Timko in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, Vol. 132 N° 6 (Juin 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 6 (Juin 2010) . - 15 p. Titre : Gas turbine engine emissions—Part II: Chemical properties of particulate matter Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Michael T. Timko, Auteur ; Timothy B. Onasch, Auteur ; Megan J. Northway, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : 15 p. Note générale : Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Aerospace  engines  Cooling  Gas  turbines Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : The characterization of volatile and nonvolatile particle materials present in gas turbine exhaust is critical for accurate estimation of the potential impacts of airport activities on local air quality, atmospheric processes, and climate change. Two field campaigns were performed to collect an extensive set of particle and gaseous emission data for on-wing gas turbine engines. The tests included CFM56, RB211-535E4-B, AE3007, PW4158, and CJ610 engines, providing the opportunity to compare emissions from a wide range of engine technologies. Here we report mass, number, composition, and size data for the nonvolatile (soot) and volatile particles present in engine exhaust. For all engines, soot emissions (EIm-soot) are greater at climbout (85% power) and takeoff (100%) power than idle (4% or 7%) and approach (30%). At the engine exit plane, soot is the only type of particle detected. For exhaust sampled downwind (15–50 m) and diluted by ambient air, total particle number emissions (EIn-total) increases by about one or two orders of magnitude relative to the engine exit plane, and the increase is driven by volatile particles that have freshly nucleated in the cooling exhaust gas both in the free atmosphere and in the extractive sample lines. Fuel sulfur content is the determining factor for nucleation of new particles in the cooling exhaust gases. Compositional analysis indicates that the volatile particles consist of sulfate and organic materials (EIm-sulfate and EIm-organic). We estimate a lower bound S[IV] to S[VI] conversion efficiency of (0.08±0.01)%, independent of engine technology. Measurements of EIm-organic ranged from about 0.1 mg kg−1 to 40 mg kg−1. Lubrication oil was present in particles emitted by all engines and accounted for over 90% of the particulate organic mass under some conditions. The products of incomplete combustion are a likely source of the remaining volatile organic particle material. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ000132000006 [...] [article] Gas turbine engine emissions—Part II: Chemical properties of particulate matter [texte imprimé] / Michael T. Timko, Auteur ; Timothy B. Onasch, Auteur ; Megan J. Northway, Auteur . - 2011 . - 15 p. Génie Mécanique Langues : Anglais (eng) in Transactions of the ASME . Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power > Vol. 132 N° 6 (Juin 2010) . - 15 p. Mots-clés : Aerospace  engines  Cooling  Gas  turbines Index. décimale : 620.1 Essais des matériaux. Défauts des matériaux. Protection des matériaux Résumé : The characterization of volatile and nonvolatile particle materials present in gas turbine exhaust is critical for accurate estimation of the potential impacts of airport activities on local air quality, atmospheric processes, and climate change. Two field campaigns were performed to collect an extensive set of particle and gaseous emission data for on-wing gas turbine engines. The tests included CFM56, RB211-535E4-B, AE3007, PW4158, and CJ610 engines, providing the opportunity to compare emissions from a wide range of engine technologies. Here we report mass, number, composition, and size data for the nonvolatile (soot) and volatile particles present in engine exhaust. For all engines, soot emissions (EIm-soot) are greater at climbout (85% power) and takeoff (100%) power than idle (4% or 7%) and approach (30%). At the engine exit plane, soot is the only type of particle detected. For exhaust sampled downwind (15–50 m) and diluted by ambient air, total particle number emissions (EIn-total) increases by about one or two orders of magnitude relative to the engine exit plane, and the increase is driven by volatile particles that have freshly nucleated in the cooling exhaust gas both in the free atmosphere and in the extractive sample lines. Fuel sulfur content is the determining factor for nucleation of new particles in the cooling exhaust gases. Compositional analysis indicates that the volatile particles consist of sulfate and organic materials (EIm-sulfate and EIm-organic). We estimate a lower bound S[IV] to S[VI] conversion efficiency of (0.08±0.01)%, independent of engine technology. Measurements of EIm-organic ranged from about 0.1 mg kg−1 to 40 mg kg−1. Lubrication oil was present in particles emitted by all engines and accounted for over 90% of the particulate organic mass under some conditions. The products of incomplete combustion are a likely source of the remaining volatile organic particle material. DEWEY : 620.1 ISSN : 0742-4795 En ligne : http://asmedl.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JETPEZ000132000006 [...]