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Analysis of an explosion in a wool - processing plant / Piero Salatino in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7713–7718 Titre : Analysis of an explosion in a wool - processing plant Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Piero Salatino, Auteur ; Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Riccardo Chirone, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 7713–7718 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Analysis  explosion  wool Résumé : A major accident occurred in an Italian wool factory in 2001, culminating with a severe explosion, despite that wool is recognized as the most flame-resistant among the natural textile fibers. The analysis of this exceptional event suggests that, in addition to classical explosion parameters, three key phenomena related to the process jointly contributed to trigger the otherwise unexpected combustion of wool flock suspensions. The first and more important phenomenon is represented by the segregation of dust mixtures occurring during processing of textile fibers and storage of byproduct. Segregation may isolate and concentrate the lighter component of wool processing byproduct as a flammable dust. The main conclusion of our analysis is that, when performing risk assessment, sampling of all materials is a necessary step, since flammability and explosivity of raw materials may not be representative of the safety of the whole process. The second phenomenon is the enhancement of the combustion of the flammable dust layered on nets as they are subjected to cross-flow of air. The enhancement may be such as to promote transition from smoldering to flaming combustion of the dust layer. The third phenomenon is related to the interaction among the flame, the induced turbulence, dust dispersion into clouds and the layout of the plant. The combination of these phenomena promoted a deflagration of unexpected severity. In this paper, the dynamics of the explosion is analyzed in the light of the occurrence of the above cited phenomena. Purposely designed experimental tests have been performed to support the key role of segregation, formation, and ignition of the flammable cloud. Results clarify that real-world dust explosion accidents may be more severe than it could be anticipated on the basis of standard laboratory tests. A procedure for risk analysis is given to predict explosions of flocking materials. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2023614 [article] Analysis of an explosion in a wool - processing plant [texte imprimé] / Piero Salatino, Auteur ; Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Riccardo Chirone, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 7713–7718. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7713–7718 Mots-clés : Analysis  explosion  wool Résumé : A major accident occurred in an Italian wool factory in 2001, culminating with a severe explosion, despite that wool is recognized as the most flame-resistant among the natural textile fibers. The analysis of this exceptional event suggests that, in addition to classical explosion parameters, three key phenomena related to the process jointly contributed to trigger the otherwise unexpected combustion of wool flock suspensions. The first and more important phenomenon is represented by the segregation of dust mixtures occurring during processing of textile fibers and storage of byproduct. Segregation may isolate and concentrate the lighter component of wool processing byproduct as a flammable dust. The main conclusion of our analysis is that, when performing risk assessment, sampling of all materials is a necessary step, since flammability and explosivity of raw materials may not be representative of the safety of the whole process. The second phenomenon is the enhancement of the combustion of the flammable dust layered on nets as they are subjected to cross-flow of air. The enhancement may be such as to promote transition from smoldering to flaming combustion of the dust layer. The third phenomenon is related to the interaction among the flame, the induced turbulence, dust dispersion into clouds and the layout of the plant. The combination of these phenomena promoted a deflagration of unexpected severity. In this paper, the dynamics of the explosion is analyzed in the light of the occurrence of the above cited phenomena. Purposely designed experimental tests have been performed to support the key role of segregation, formation, and ignition of the flammable cloud. Results clarify that real-world dust explosion accidents may be more severe than it could be anticipated on the basis of standard laboratory tests. A procedure for risk analysis is given to predict explosions of flocking materials. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2023614

Combustion of Single Coal Char Particles under Fluidized Bed Oxyfiring Conditions / Fabrizio Scala in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 49 N° 21 (Novembre 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 21 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 11029-11036 Titre : Combustion of Single Coal Char Particles under Fluidized Bed Oxyfiring Conditions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Fabrizio Scala, Auteur ; Riccardo Chirone, Auteur Année de publication : 2011 Article en page(s) : pp. 11029-11036 Note générale : Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Fluidized  bed  Fluidization  Coal  Combustion Résumé : The fluidized bed combustion of single coal char particles was investigated at high CO2 concentrations, typical of oxyfiring conditions, at different bed temperatures and oxygen concentrations. The conversion rate of the char particles was followed as a function of time by continuously measuring the outlet CO and O2 concentrations. Char gasification tests were also carried out under 100% CO2 at different temperatures to quantify the importance of this reaction and to extract a suitable kinetic expression. This expression was then combined with a correlation for the mass transfer controlled particle burning rate to simulate the experimental conversion rate data. The calculated carbon consumption rate was an excellent fit to the experimental data for all the operating conditions. Results showed that carbon combustion dominates particle conversion at high oxygen concentrations and low temperatures, while carbon gasification contributes to a comparable extent at high temperatures and low oxygen concentrations. Even under fluidized bed oxyfiring conditions oxygen boundary layer diffusion controls the combustion rate, and the main combustion product is CO2 rather than CO. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=23447998 [article] Combustion of Single Coal Char Particles under Fluidized Bed Oxyfiring Conditions [texte imprimé] / Fabrizio Scala, Auteur ; Riccardo Chirone, Auteur . - 2011 . - pp. 11029-11036. Chimie industrielle Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 21 (Novembre 2010) . - pp. 11029-11036 Mots-clés : Fluidized  bed  Fluidization  Coal  Combustion Résumé : The fluidized bed combustion of single coal char particles was investigated at high CO2 concentrations, typical of oxyfiring conditions, at different bed temperatures and oxygen concentrations. The conversion rate of the char particles was followed as a function of time by continuously measuring the outlet CO and O2 concentrations. Char gasification tests were also carried out under 100% CO2 at different temperatures to quantify the importance of this reaction and to extract a suitable kinetic expression. This expression was then combined with a correlation for the mass transfer controlled particle burning rate to simulate the experimental conversion rate data. The calculated carbon consumption rate was an excellent fit to the experimental data for all the operating conditions. Results showed that carbon combustion dominates particle conversion at high oxygen concentrations and low temperatures, while carbon gasification contributes to a comparable extent at high temperatures and low oxygen concentrations. Even under fluidized bed oxyfiring conditions oxygen boundary layer diffusion controls the combustion rate, and the main combustion product is CO2 rather than CO. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=23447998