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Analysis of an explosion in a wool - processing plant / Piero Salatino in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7713–7718 Titre : Analysis of an explosion in a wool - processing plant Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Piero Salatino, Auteur ; Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Riccardo Chirone, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 7713–7718 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Analysis  explosion  wool Résumé : A major accident occurred in an Italian wool factory in 2001, culminating with a severe explosion, despite that wool is recognized as the most flame-resistant among the natural textile fibers. The analysis of this exceptional event suggests that, in addition to classical explosion parameters, three key phenomena related to the process jointly contributed to trigger the otherwise unexpected combustion of wool flock suspensions. The first and more important phenomenon is represented by the segregation of dust mixtures occurring during processing of textile fibers and storage of byproduct. Segregation may isolate and concentrate the lighter component of wool processing byproduct as a flammable dust. The main conclusion of our analysis is that, when performing risk assessment, sampling of all materials is a necessary step, since flammability and explosivity of raw materials may not be representative of the safety of the whole process. The second phenomenon is the enhancement of the combustion of the flammable dust layered on nets as they are subjected to cross-flow of air. The enhancement may be such as to promote transition from smoldering to flaming combustion of the dust layer. The third phenomenon is related to the interaction among the flame, the induced turbulence, dust dispersion into clouds and the layout of the plant. The combination of these phenomena promoted a deflagration of unexpected severity. In this paper, the dynamics of the explosion is analyzed in the light of the occurrence of the above cited phenomena. Purposely designed experimental tests have been performed to support the key role of segregation, formation, and ignition of the flammable cloud. Results clarify that real-world dust explosion accidents may be more severe than it could be anticipated on the basis of standard laboratory tests. A procedure for risk analysis is given to predict explosions of flocking materials. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2023614 [article] Analysis of an explosion in a wool - processing plant [texte imprimé] / Piero Salatino, Auteur ; Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Riccardo Chirone, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 7713–7718. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7713–7718 Mots-clés : Analysis  explosion  wool Résumé : A major accident occurred in an Italian wool factory in 2001, culminating with a severe explosion, despite that wool is recognized as the most flame-resistant among the natural textile fibers. The analysis of this exceptional event suggests that, in addition to classical explosion parameters, three key phenomena related to the process jointly contributed to trigger the otherwise unexpected combustion of wool flock suspensions. The first and more important phenomenon is represented by the segregation of dust mixtures occurring during processing of textile fibers and storage of byproduct. Segregation may isolate and concentrate the lighter component of wool processing byproduct as a flammable dust. The main conclusion of our analysis is that, when performing risk assessment, sampling of all materials is a necessary step, since flammability and explosivity of raw materials may not be representative of the safety of the whole process. The second phenomenon is the enhancement of the combustion of the flammable dust layered on nets as they are subjected to cross-flow of air. The enhancement may be such as to promote transition from smoldering to flaming combustion of the dust layer. The third phenomenon is related to the interaction among the flame, the induced turbulence, dust dispersion into clouds and the layout of the plant. The combination of these phenomena promoted a deflagration of unexpected severity. In this paper, the dynamics of the explosion is analyzed in the light of the occurrence of the above cited phenomena. Purposely designed experimental tests have been performed to support the key role of segregation, formation, and ignition of the flammable cloud. Results clarify that real-world dust explosion accidents may be more severe than it could be anticipated on the basis of standard laboratory tests. A procedure for risk analysis is given to predict explosions of flocking materials. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie2023614

Combined effect of ignition energy and Initial turbulence on the explosion behavior of lean gas/dust - air mixtures / Almerinda Di Benedetto in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7663-7670 Titre : Combined effect of ignition energy and Initial turbulence on the explosion behavior of lean gas/dust - air mixtures Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Anita Garcia-Agreda, Auteur ; Paola Russo, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 7663-7670 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Dust  Explosions  Turbulence  Ignition Résumé : Explosions of hybrid mixtures of methane and nicotinic acid are investigated near the lower-flammability-limit conditions. The effect on the maximum pressure and deflagration index of the ignition energy and, then, of the ignition source in combination with the turbulence is analyzed. In correspondence of limit conditions for pure methane and pure nicotinic acid, the variation of both the ignition energy and the turbulence was found to affect the behavior of the explosion. It was observed that the deflagration index is determined to be independent from the ignition energy, even though the dependence on the turbulence still remains. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25968321 [article] Combined effect of ignition energy and Initial turbulence on the explosion behavior of lean gas/dust - air mixtures [texte imprimé] / Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Anita Garcia-Agreda, Auteur ; Paola Russo, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 7663-7670. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7663-7670 Mots-clés : Dust  Explosions  Turbulence  Ignition Résumé : Explosions of hybrid mixtures of methane and nicotinic acid are investigated near the lower-flammability-limit conditions. The effect on the maximum pressure and deflagration index of the ignition energy and, then, of the ignition source in combination with the turbulence is analyzed. In correspondence of limit conditions for pure methane and pure nicotinic acid, the variation of both the ignition energy and the turbulence was found to affect the behavior of the explosion. It was observed that the deflagration index is determined to be independent from the ignition energy, even though the dependence on the turbulence still remains. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=25968321

High - pressure methane combustion over a perovskyte catalyst / Paola S. Barbato in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7547–7558 Titre : High - pressure methane combustion over a perovskyte catalyst Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Paola S. Barbato, Auteur ; Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Valeria Di Sarli, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 7547–7558 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Combustion  Catalyst Résumé : Catalytic combustion has been extensively studied as an alternative route to homogeneous combustion for power generation systems, in particular for gas turbines. Despite the great interest, very little work has been devoted to high-pressure catalytic combustion, i.e., under conditions more relevant for gas turbines. In this work, the effect of pressure on the catalytic combustion of methane on a perovskite-based monolith is investigated both experimentally and numerically. Results show that methane can be ignited by increasing the operating pressure, and this behavior can be reproduced qualitatively and quantitatively by simulating the monolith using simple overall homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction rates. Moreover, numerical results show that only the coupling between catalytic and homogeneous reactions allows correct prediction of methane conversion. As the operating pressure increases, the catalytic reaction is activated, thus behaving as a pilot for sustaining the homogeneous reaction that allows it to overcome the mass transport limitations at the catalytic surface. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201736p [article] High - pressure methane combustion over a perovskyte catalyst [texte imprimé] / Paola S. Barbato, Auteur ; Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Valeria Di Sarli, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 7547–7558. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7547–7558 Mots-clés : Combustion  Catalyst Résumé : Catalytic combustion has been extensively studied as an alternative route to homogeneous combustion for power generation systems, in particular for gas turbines. Despite the great interest, very little work has been devoted to high-pressure catalytic combustion, i.e., under conditions more relevant for gas turbines. In this work, the effect of pressure on the catalytic combustion of methane on a perovskite-based monolith is investigated both experimentally and numerically. Results show that methane can be ignited by increasing the operating pressure, and this behavior can be reproduced qualitatively and quantitatively by simulating the monolith using simple overall homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction rates. Moreover, numerical results show that only the coupling between catalytic and homogeneous reactions allows correct prediction of methane conversion. As the operating pressure increases, the catalytic reaction is activated, thus behaving as a pilot for sustaining the homogeneous reaction that allows it to overcome the mass transport limitations at the catalytic surface. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie201736p

Sensitivity to the presence of the combustion submodel for large eddy simulation of transient premixed flame – vortex interactions / Valeria Di Sarli in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7704–7712 Titre : Sensitivity to the presence of the combustion submodel for large eddy simulation of transient premixed flame – vortex interactions Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Valeria Di Sarli, Auteur ; Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : pp. 7704–7712 Note générale : Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Combustion  Transient  flame Résumé : In this paper, the sensitivity of large eddy simulation (LES) to the presence of the combustion submodel was investigated for transient interactions between premixed flame fronts and toroidal vortex structures generated at the wake of a circular orifice. To this end, LES computations were run, with and without the combustion submodel, for two orifice diameters: 40 mm and 20 mm. Nonuniform unstructured grids with a cell characteristic length varying in the range of 0.5–1 mm were used. In going from the 40-mm orifice to the 20-mm orifice, both the size and velocity of the vortex increase, leading to a different regime of interaction with the flame: the vortex only wrinkles the flame front in the 40-mm case (wrinkled regime) and also disrupts the continuity of the front, giving rise to the formation of separate reaction zones (i.e., flame pockets that leave the main front), in the 20-mm case (breakthrough regime). It has been found that the impact of the combustion submodel on LES predictions is strongly dependent on the regime of interaction. Results for the 40-mm orifice are substantially the same, regardless of the presence of the combustion submodel. Conversely, at the wake of the 20-mm orifice, the intensity of the flame–vortex interaction is such that the combustion submodel is strictly needed to reproduce both the qualitative (evolution of the pockets formed and their interaction with the main front) and quantitative (flame speed) characteristics of the flame propagation correctly. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202061u [article] Sensitivity to the presence of the combustion submodel for large eddy simulation of transient premixed flame – vortex interactions [texte imprimé] / Valeria Di Sarli, Auteur ; Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur . - 2012 . - pp. 7704–7712. Industrial chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 51 N° 22 (Juin 2012) . - pp. 7704–7712 Mots-clés : Combustion  Transient  flame Résumé : In this paper, the sensitivity of large eddy simulation (LES) to the presence of the combustion submodel was investigated for transient interactions between premixed flame fronts and toroidal vortex structures generated at the wake of a circular orifice. To this end, LES computations were run, with and without the combustion submodel, for two orifice diameters: 40 mm and 20 mm. Nonuniform unstructured grids with a cell characteristic length varying in the range of 0.5–1 mm were used. In going from the 40-mm orifice to the 20-mm orifice, both the size and velocity of the vortex increase, leading to a different regime of interaction with the flame: the vortex only wrinkles the flame front in the 40-mm case (wrinkled regime) and also disrupts the continuity of the front, giving rise to the formation of separate reaction zones (i.e., flame pockets that leave the main front), in the 20-mm case (breakthrough regime). It has been found that the impact of the combustion submodel on LES predictions is strongly dependent on the regime of interaction. Results for the 40-mm orifice are substantially the same, regardless of the presence of the combustion submodel. Conversely, at the wake of the 20-mm orifice, the intensity of the flame–vortex interaction is such that the combustion submodel is strictly needed to reproduce both the qualitative (evolution of the pockets formed and their interaction with the main front) and quantitative (flame speed) characteristics of the flame propagation correctly. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie202061u

Steady-state multiplicity in catalytic microcombustors / Almerinda Di Benedetto in Industrial & engineering chemistry research, Vol. 49 N° 5 (Mars 2010) 

Public ISBD [article]  in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 5 (Mars 2010) . - pp. 2130–2134 Titre : Steady-state multiplicity in catalytic microcombustors Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Valeria Di Sarli, Auteur Année de publication : 2010 Article en page(s) : pp. 2130–2134 Note générale : Industrial Chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : Catalytic  microcombustors Résumé : In this work, two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were run to investigate the possibility of a link between the initial conditions and the occurrence of blowout for a parallel-plate catalytic microcombustor. The results show that steady-state multiplicity occurs: Depending on the initial conditions, the range of inlet gas velocities at which stable operation is attained can be enlarged to avoid blowout. It is concluded that investigations into the thermal behavior of catalytic microcombustors have to deal with appropriate and aware choices of the initial conditions. Note de contenu : Bibliogr. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901615d [article] Steady-state multiplicity in catalytic microcombustors [texte imprimé] / Almerinda Di Benedetto, Auteur ; Valeria Di Sarli, Auteur . - 2010 . - pp. 2130–2134. Industrial Chemistry Langues : Anglais (eng) in Industrial & engineering chemistry research > Vol. 49 N° 5 (Mars 2010) . - pp. 2130–2134 Mots-clés : Catalytic  microcombustors Résumé : In this work, two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were run to investigate the possibility of a link between the initial conditions and the occurrence of blowout for a parallel-plate catalytic microcombustor. The results show that steady-state multiplicity occurs: Depending on the initial conditions, the range of inlet gas velocities at which stable operation is attained can be enlarged to avoid blowout. It is concluded that investigations into the thermal behavior of catalytic microcombustors have to deal with appropriate and aware choices of the initial conditions. Note de contenu : Bibliogr. ISSN : 0888-5885 En ligne : http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie901615d